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1. Texas's Student Success Acceleration Programs. Implementation Findings

Author

MDRC, Dorimé-Williams, Marjorie, Cullinan, Dan, Escobar, Claudia, Klein, Sabrina, Novak, Lena, Dai, Stanley, Cellura, Parker, and Toyoda, Makoto

Abstract

The Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (THECB) seeks to improve student outcomes by promoting a variety of student success efforts. These efforts include direct programs with well-defined target populations and program participants, offering specific student support services following a program model, and indirect programs aimed at providing faculty and staff members professional development or at improving campus facilities. MDRC led an implementation study of student success programs across the state that were funded by a grant from the U.S. Department of Education, Education Stabilization Fund Program Governor's Emergency Education Relief (GEER II) Fund. This fund was a COVID-19 recovery initiative, allowing recipients great flexibility in the use of grants, evident in the findings below. A total of nearly $12 million in grants was disbursed to 59 institutions of higher education in Texas. This report presents: (1) implementation research findings from the 59 institutions; (2) highlights research findings from previously conducted, rigorous evaluations of student support programs; and (3) offers recommendations for future research and practice.

Published
2023

2. Bolstering Student Success Programs in Texas: Lessons from the Field

Author

MDRC, Cullinan, Dan, Dorime-Williams, Marjorie, Novak, Lena, Cellura, Parker, and Toyoda, Makoto

Abstract

Increasingly, obtaining a job that pays family-sustaining wages means getting a college degree or other postsecondary credential. However, according to the 2021 U.S. Census, only 31.5 percent of Texans ages 25 and older have a bachelor's degree or higher. The Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (THECB)--the highest authority in the state regarding public higher education--has therefore set out a strategic plan to increase that percentage. Specifically, the plan calls for 60 percent of Texans ages 25 to 64 to have a postsecondary credential "of value" by 2030. THECB seeks to improve student outcomes by promoting a variety of student success interventions, particularly corequisite models. To meet this goal, THECB is giving grants to colleges across the state to fund student success programs: programs designed to help more students stay in college and earn degrees, particularly students of color, students from lower-income backgrounds, and students who need additional assistance to make satisfactory academic progress (that is, to earn enough credits to keep their federal financial aid). This brief summarizes some of the information THECB and its partners will use in that effort. It describes best practices and programs with proven effectiveness--the information that policymakers and practitioners need to consider in designing and promoting student success programs. The findings are based on MDRC's 20-year history conducting rigorous evaluations in postsecondary education as well as research and evaluations by other researchers. [This brief was funded by a grant from the U.S. Department of Education, Education Stabilization Fund Program Governor's Emergency Education Relief Fund, as part of the THECB Student Success Acceleration Program Implementation Grants.]

Published
2023

5. Kinesitherapy in Multiple Sclerosis

Author

Novak, Lena, Todorović, Dušan, Paušić, Jelena, and Ivančev, Vladimir

Subjects
exercise, kinesitherapy, symptoms, patient, multiple sclerosis, goal
Abstract

Multipla skleroza (MS) je kronična upalna demijelinizacijska bolest središnjeg živčanog sustava. Istraživanja ukazuju da je MS bolest koja nastaje djelovanjem čimbenika okoline, ali i utjecajem genetske sklonosti. Bolest je bijele rase , njena prevalencija raste u područjima koja su naseljena bijelcima. Češće obolijevaju žene nego muškarci. Simptomi mogu biti vrlo izraženi ili klinički neprepoznatljivi. Kod većine bolesnika oboljelih od multiple skleroze simptomi se mogu pojavljivati povremeno, a s progresijom bolesti može se mijenjati njihova jakost i trajanje. Simptomi su dosta varijabilni i promjenjivi. Cilj ovog završnog rada je prikazati i opisati multiplu sklerozu, njezine uzroke nastanka, simptome, prikazati metode liječenja, te prikazati kineziterapijske postupke kako bi poboljšali kvalitetu života oboljelima od multiple skleroze. Plan kineziterapijskog postupka treba biti prilagodljiv svakom bolesniku individualno i mora predvidjeti potrebe pacijenta. Potrebno je bolesnika naučiti kako pravilno primjenjivati određene vježbe za poboljšanje motoričke funkcije i emocionalno stanje. Cilj je postići maksimum u odnosu na trenutno stanje, olakšati bolesniku njihov svakodnevni život i vježbama vratiti samopouzdanje i spriječiti da se bolesnik osjeća manje vrijednim., Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Research indicates that MS is a disease caused by environmental factors, but also by the influence of genetic predispositions. The disease is more common with Caucasians, its prevalence is growing in areas inhabited by white people. Women get sick more often than men. Symptoms can be very pronounced or clinically unrecognizable. In most patients with multiple sclerosis the symptoms may occur periodically, and as the disease progresses, their severity and duration may change. The symptoms are quite varying and changing. The aim of this final paper is to present and describe multiple sclerosis, its causes, symptoms, treatment methods and kinesitherapy procedures to improve the quality of life of people with multiple sclerosis. The treatment of the kinesitherapy procedure should be adapted to each patient individually and must predict the patient's needs. The patient needs to be taught how to properly apply certain exercises to improve their motor function and emotional state. The goal is to achieve the maximum in relation to the current condition, to relieve the patient's daily life and with exercise restore the self-confidence and prevent the patient from feeling less valuable.

Published
2022

6. Opis finalista NIST-ovog natjecanja post-kvantne standardizacije kriptografije

Author

Novak, Lena, Lerga, Jonatan, Tomić, Mladen, and Ivić, Stefan

Subjects
cryptography, quantum computers, asimetrična kriptografija, digitalno potpisivanje, kriptografija, kvantna otpornost, kvantna računala, NIST standardizacija, postkvantna kriptografija, asymmetric cryptography, quantum resistance, digital signing, NIST standardization, post-quantum cryptography
Abstract

Razvoj kvantnih računala počeo je prije više od 35 godina, a u posljednjih nekoliko godina dogodili su se značajni koraci u njihovom razvoju. Konstantno povećavanje brzina kvantnih računala potvrđuje njihovu kvantnu nadmoć te nagoviješta dugoočekivanu promjenu računalne paradigme. Ta promjena je započela 2016. godine kada je američki NIST pokrenuo natjecanje post-kvantne standardizacije za asimetričnu kriptografiju i digitalno potpisivanje. Na natjecanje se prijavilo 82 kandidata iz 25 različitih zemalja, a u ovom radu opisuje se njih sedam koji su dospjeli do trećeg, finalnog kruga natjecanja. Algoritmi se temelje na različitim matematičkim područjima koja su opisana zajedno s osnovnim svojstvima i sigurnosnim značajkama finalista. Uz pojedinačno opisivanje algoritama, napravljena je i njihova usporedba, gdje su se promatrali parametri poput performansi i sigurnosti., The development of quantum computers started more than 35 years ago, and in the last few years, there have been significant steps in their development. The constant increase in the speed of quantum computers confirms their quantum supremacy and announces a long-awaited change in the computing paradigm. That change beganin 2016 when the US NIST launched a post-quantum standardization competitionfor asymmetric cryptography and digital signing. Eighty-two candidates from 25different countries applied for the competition, and this paper describes seven of themwho made it to the third and final round of the competition. Algorithms are based ondifferent mathematical fields that are described along with the basic properties andsecurity features of the finalists. In addition to describing the algorithms individually,their comparison was also made, where parameters such as performance and securitywere observed.

Published
2022

8. REED-SOLOMON KODOVI ZA ISPRAVLJANJE POGREŠAKA

Author

Novak, Lena

Subjects
Reed-Solomon, kodovi za ispravljanje pogrešaka, Galoisova polja, Generatorski polinom, Koder, Dekoder, Komunikacijski kanal, Sindromi, Polinom lokator pogreške, Hammingovi kodovi
Abstract

Reed-Solomon kodovi su ciklični linearni bločni kodovi. Koriste se u raznim područjima digitalne komunikacije i pohrane podataka. Najčešće se koriste kod komunikacije satelita, mobilne i bežične komunikacije te u uređajima za pohranu podataka (QR kodovi, barkodovi, CD- ovi, DVD-ovi). U ovom radu opisuje se kako Reed-Solomon kodovovi ispravljaju pogrešake. Proces započinje pretvorbom informacije u kodnu riječ koristeći Galoisova polja i generatorski polinom. Nakon što se informacija pretvori u kodnu riječ, šalje se koderom kroz komunikacijski kanal do dekodera. Nadalje, prezentiran je koncept dekodiranja i ispravljanja primljene kodne riječi te pronalazak pogrešaka kako bi se primljena kodna riječ vratila u svoje ispravno stanje. U radu se nalaze primjeri vezani uz pojedine funkcionalnosti te sheme hardvera za iste kako bi se doprinijelo boljem razumijevanju cjelokupnog procesa rada Reed-Solomon kodova za ispravljanje pogrešaka. Konačno, opisani su Hammingovi kodovi i dana je usporedba istih s Reed-Solomon kodovima.

Published
2020

9. Severe maternal infectious morbidity during the second half of pregnancy is an independent risk factor for a small for gestational age neonate.

Author

Kedar T, Erez O, Novak L, Beer Wiesel R, Besser L, Leron E, and Rabinovich A

Subjects
Cohort Studies, Female, Fetal Growth Retardation epidemiology, Gestational Age, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Small for Gestational Age, Morbidity, Placenta, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Abruptio Placentae, Pyelonephritis
Abstract

Objective: The effect of severe maternal infectious morbidity on fetal growth during the second half of pregnancy is under debate. Preliminary evidence suggests that such association may be plausible. The objectives of this study were to determine: 1) The association between severe maternal infectious morbidity and adverse pregnancy outcome; and 2) The effect of maternal infection during pregnancy on fetal growth., Study Design: This retrospective population - based cohort study included 4771 women who gave birth at our medical center during the study period. Parturients were allocated into two groups: 1) patients with severe maternal infection during the second half of pregnancy (n = 368); and 2) control group comprised of normal pregnant women who were matched to the study group by maternal age, gravidity and parity (n = 4403)., Results: The severe maternal infection group included women with pneumonia (n = 198), pyelonephritis (n = 131), and viral pneumonitis (n = 39). In comparison to the normal patients group: 1) having had pneumonia during the second half of pregnancy was associated with increased rates of fetal growth restriction, placental abruption, fetal demise (P < 0.001, for all comparisons) and preeclampsia (P = 0.041); 2) Pyelonephritis during the second half of gestation was associated with higher rates of fetal growth restriction (P < 0.001), placental abruption (P = 0.006) and labor induction (P = 0.039). As a group, women with severe maternal infection had higher rates of small for gestational age neonates compared to normal parturients (P < 0.001). Among women with infections, only those who had pyelonephritis (P = 0.032) or pneumonia (P = 0.008), had a higher rate of small for gestational age neonates than those in the control group. After adjustment to confounding factors, maternal infection (OR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.085-1.85) and previous delivery of a small for gestational age neonate (OR = 2.54, 95% CI 2.02-3.19), were independent risk factors for the delivery of a small for gestational age neonate., Conclusion: Severe maternal infectious morbidity during the second half of pregnancy is an independent risk factor for the delivery of a small for gestational age neonate and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Both, pneumonia and pyelonephritis, during the second half of gestation affect fetal growth and are related to higher rates of small for gestational age neonates., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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10. Lithium treatment -- moderate dose use study (LiTMUS) for bipolar disorder: rationale and design.

Author

Nierenberg AA, Sylvia LG, Leon AC, Reilly-Harrington NA, Ketter TA, Calabrese JR, Thase ME, Bowden CL, Friedman ES, Ostacher MJ, Novak L, and Iosifescu DV

Subjects
Antipsychotic Agents administration & dosage, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Humans, Lithium Compounds administration & dosage, Patient Dropouts, Patient Selection, Quality of Life, Research Design, Safety Management organization & administration, Antipsychotic Agents therapeutic use, Bipolar Disorder drug therapy, Lithium Compounds therapeutic use
Abstract

Background: Recent data indicate that lithium use for bipolar disorder has declined over the last decade and that lithium largely has been replaced with alternate, commercially promoted medications that may or may not result in better outcomes., Purpose: This article describes the rationale and study design of LiTMUS, a multi-site, prospective, randomized clinical trial of outpatients with bipolar disorder. LiTMUS seeks to address whether initiating therapy at lower doses of lithium as part of optimized treatment (OPT, guideline-informed, evidence-based, and personalized pharmacotherapy) improves outcomes and decreases the need for other medication changes across 6 months of therapy., Methods: LiTMUS will randomize 284 adults with bipolar disorder (Type I or II) across 6 study sites. The co-primary outcomes are overall illness severity on clinical global improvement scale for bipolar disorder and a novel measure, necessary clinical adjustments. This metric provides a composite that reflects both clinical response and tolerability. Other relevant outcomes include full symptomatic recovery, quality of life, suicidal behaviors, and moderators of suicidality., Results: As of August 28th, 2009, we have consented 338 patients and randomized 281 for this study., Limitations: The potential limitations of the study include an arbitrary definition of 'low, but effective' doses of lithium, lack of a placebo-controlled group, open treatment, and use of a new outcome measure (i.e., necessary clinical adjustments)., Conclusion: We expect that this study will inform our understanding of the effectiveness of low to moderate doses of lithium therapy for individuals with bipolar disorder.

Published
2009
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