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One of the ports most affected by the phenomenon of silting in Algeria is the port of Cap Djinet. In order to consider the monitoring of this port over a period of 8 years between 2015 and 2023, the twin Sentinel-2 A/B satellites were used. After image pre-processing, the bathymetry was estimated using the algorithm developed by Stumpf and extraction of the coastline was conducted using the normalized difference water index (NWDI). As part of this work, four bathymetric surveys were conducted in situ in four different periods, the results of which then correlated with those of the Stumpf model applied to satellite images. The results of the regression analysis are consistent and show good correlation coefficients (R2) between 0.67 and 0.80 and root-mean-square error (RMSE) values between 0.87 m and 1.32 m, except for images captured under turbid water conditions. The maximum accretion surface is 2.12 ha to the north of the port, estimated for the period from 2018 to 2019, and 1.78 ha to the south for 2015 to 2016. The maximum erosion surface is 2.37 ha to the north of the port for the period from 2017 to 2018 and 1.16 ha to the south from 2017 to 2018. Therefore, the amplitude of accretion and erosion is greater to the north of the port than to the south. The present study demonstrates the ability of Sentinel-2 satellites to monitor silting and coastline changes in the vicinity of this port, which could help to address the effects of climate change and human activities in order to protect the marine ecosystem.

One of the ports most affected by the phenomenon of silting in Algeria is the port of Cap Djinet. In order to consider the monitoring of this port over a period of 8 years between 2015 and 2023, the twin Sentinel-2 A/B satellites were used. After image pre-processing, the bathymetry was estimated using the algorithm developed by Stumpf and extraction of the coastline was conducted using the normalized difference water index (NWDI). As part of this work, four bathymetric surveys were conducted in situ in four different periods, the results of which then correlated with those of the Stumpf model applied to satellite images. The results of the regression analysis are consistent and show good correlation coefficients (R2) between 0.67 and 0.80 and root-mean-square error (RMSE) values between 0.87 m and 1.32 m, except for images captured under turbid water conditions. The maximum accretion surface is 2.12 ha to the north of the port, estimated for the period from 2018 to 2019, and 1.78 ha to the south for 2015 to 2016. The maximum erosion surface is 2.37 ha to the north of the port for the period from 2017 to 2018 and 1.16 ha to the south from 2017 to 2018. Therefore, the amplitude of accretion and erosion is greater to the north of the port than to the south. The present study demonstrates the ability of Sentinel-2 satellites to monitor silting and coastline changes in the vicinity of this port, which could help to address the effects of climate change and human activities in order to protect the marine ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Substance use and misuse are serious issues that contribute to significant medical, psychological, and legal consequences later in life. Additionally, the relation between substance use disorder and sleep is reciprocal. Furthermore, sleep dysfunction in the context of substance use disorder may contribute to increased severity of substance use disorder and increased risk of relapse Aim and objectives to investigate patients with opioid use disorder comorbid with insomnia and assess their clinical and biological aspects of insomnia, cognitive function, and serum level of BDNF in comparison to those without substance use disorder. Subjects and methods This is a cross sectional comparative study. Cases were recruited from inpatient section and outpatient clinic in Psychiatry Department in Mansoura University Hospital. The research was done for one year from January 2021 to January 2022. Result shows that patients in heroin group show statistically significant (p=0.039) lower total sleep time (240.04±54.8) than control (275.2±48.9). They show also, statistically significant (p=0.027) longer sleep onset in comparison to the control group. Additionally, patients in heroin group show statistically significant (p=0.01) lower sleep efficiency (63.14±15.1 vs. 75.1±13.28) and higher number of awakenings in comparison to control group. Furthermore, they also show higher N1% (p=0.027) and lower N3% (p=0.036) of total sleep time in comparison to control group, duration of last abstinence period from heroin use disorder has a statistically significant (p=.007) strong negative correlation (r=-.586) with total sleep time. Additionally, duration of the time lasted since last abstinence from heroin has a statistically significant (p=.036) strong negative correlation (r=-.471) with N3% of total sleep time. Conclusion Heroin use disorder is associated with lower total sleep time, sleep efficiency, higher number of awakenings, higher N1% and lower N3% of total sleep time and longer sleep onset in comparison to the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Mechanisms of acute kidney injury (AKI) comprise renal hypoperfusion, intrarenal vasoconstriction, inflammation, oxidative stress, and nephrotoxicity. An important pathophysiological pathway includes intrarenal vasoconstriction and endothelial damage of the microvessel, leading to impaired macrovascular and microvascular flow, which further aggravates ischemia. Nowadays, Doppler ultrasound is rapidly gaining ground as a screening tool in critically ill patients. The performance of cardiac, lung, and abdominal ultrasound in patients after cardiac arrest, major operations, and during shock has become the standard policy. However, renal ultrasound, which could be easily incorporated in this screening, is not commonly performed. Aim To test the ability of renal resistive index (RRI) measurement by Doppler ultrasound to predict the development of AKI in septic patients and find a relation with the progression to persistent renal impairment and relation to outcome and mortality. Patients and methods A total of 40 septic patients with AKI were randomized and subjected to RRI measurements, on admission and after 48 h, and the patients were followed till hospital discharge to detect the correlation to outcome. Mortality risk assessment was measured by the APACHE III score. Results There was a statistically significant increase of RRI in cases with persistent AKI in comparison with cases with transient AKI (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant increase in APACHE III score in patients with high RI (P<0.005). Conclusion Renal Doppler RI may be a promising tool for predicting the risk of developing AKI in acutely ill septic patients and may help in predicting the reversibility of AKI. High RRI values in septic patients with AKI are independently related to ICU mortality and persistent renal dysfunction at discharge from ICU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Therapeutic initiation of methyxanthines for treatment of apnea in preterm infants was the standard policy. Caffeine therapy is beneficial for various outcomes of preterm infants. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of early prophylactic compared to routine therapeutic caffeine therapy on duration of oxygen support and other outcomes of preterm infants. Methods: In a randomized controlled trial including preterm infants < 32 weeks’ gestation, prophylactic (in the first 72 h of life) versus therapeutic (only if apnea exists or infant requires mechanical ventilation) decision of caffeine was compared. The primary outcome was the duration of oxygen therapy. Secondary outcomes included duration of respiratory support modalities; bronchoplumonary dysplasia (BPD); necrotizing enterocolitis; intra-ventricular hemorrhage; retinopathy of prematurity; length of hospital stay (LOS); neonatal mortality; and caffeine side effects. Results: We enrolled 90 infants in the prophylactic and 91 infants in therapeutic groups respectively. Prophylactic caffeine decreased the duration of oxygen therapy [median and IQR of 28 (18–36) days versus 34 (23–51) days, p = .005 respectively]. Prophylactic caffeine significantly decreased the durations of respiratory support modalities, LOS, and incidences of mild to moderate BPD without reported effects on the incidence of severe BPD or other clinical outcomes compared to therapeutic caffeine. A significantly higher proportion of infants in the prophylactic caffeine group did not require mechanical ventilation during their NICU admission and a significant lower proportion required late mechanical ventilation compared to the prophylactic caffeine group. Conclusion: Prophylactic caffeine decreased the duration of oxygen therapy, invasive and noninvasive ventilation, incidences of mild to moderate BPD, and LOS in preterm infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical problem encountered in critically ill patients, frequently in the setting of multiple organ failure, and is an independent risk factor for increase hospital stay and mortality risk. Renal resistive index (RRI) can be measured by renal Doppler ultrasound, RRI reflects changes in blood flow profile of the intrarenal arcuate or interlobar arteries. RRI=(peak systolic velocity-end diastolic velocity)/(peak systolic velocity) in order to detect the relation between renal resistive index and renal function in AKI septic patients received hemodialysis either transient (< 3 sessions) or permanent (> 3 sessions). 40 AKI septic patients received hemodialysis were subjected to renal duplex measurements on admission and after 48h and patients were followed till hospital discharge to detect the relation between RRI and renal functions. 27 patients (67.5%) with RRI (0.5 ± 0.1) had transient hemodialysis and 13 patient (32.5%) with RRI (0.9 ± 0.1) had permanent hemodialysis. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between RRI after 48 hours and serum creatinine level (p. < 0.05). Conclusion: We detected a statistically significant positive relationship between renal resistive index and renal functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective  This study aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of rebound in term and late-preterm infants with hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia postphototherapy. Study Design  A 4-year retrospective data analysis of neonates with hemolytic indirect hyperbilirubinemia admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Medina Maternity and Children's Hospital was conducted. Bilirubin rebound was defined as the return of total serum bilirubin (TSB) to phototherapy threshold within 72 hours of postphototherapy. Results  Of 386 identified neonates; 44 (11%) experienced rebound. Neonates in the rebound group demonstrated significantly higher levels of peak TSB, TSB at discontinuation of phototherapy, and lower value of relative TSB (difference between TSB at phototherapy termination and the American Academy of Pediatrics [AAP] threshold for phototherapy at concurrent age) compared with nonrebound group (p -value: <0.001, <0.001, and 0.007, respectively). Lower value of relative TSB at stoppage of phototherapy was the single independent predictor for rebound hyperbilirubinemia by mutivariate regression (p < 0.001). A cut-off value for relative TSB at stoppage of phototherapy of 190 µmol/L had 98% sensitivity and 32% specificity to predict rebound hyperbilirubinemia. Conclusion  Relative TSB at phototherapy termination is the best predictor for postphototherapy rebound hyperbilirubinemia in neonates with hemolytic etiology. Key Points 11% of neonates showed postphototherapy rebound. The relative TSB at stoppage of phototherapy is the best predictor for rebound hyperbilirubinemia. The first cohort to assess rebound in neonates with hemolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]