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Parameter identification is a major problem in industrial environments where it might be difficult or even impossible in some situations. Moreover, non-measurable and unknown variations of system parameters can affect the performance of conventional proportional-integral (PI) controllers. The concept of developing a controller that does not depend on the system parameters seems very interesting. Therefore, this paper deals with the experimental implementation of model reference adaptive control of a DC motor without identifying parameters. Adaptive control is considered an online solution to control a system without knowing system parameters since it can be adjusted automatically to maintain favorable tracking performance. The simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

Background: The fetus's development can be influenced by the mother's nutrition in a variety of ways, including the gender of the fetus. However, several research have been published that suggest a link between maternal nutrition and the baby's gender. In other words, the baby's gender can be determined by the mother's nutrition. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between maternal diet and baby gender. Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study to spot light on the relationship between maternal diet and baby gender. Since the aim of the study was to determine the relationship between maternal diet and baby gender among Saudi, this is the suitable design for this research. The study was carried out among Saudi population. Data were collected from general population using questionnaire during the period from April to October 2021. Results: The study included the participation of 755 women from different age groups in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The most prevalent age group was 36-40 years (n= 193, 25.6%) followed by the age group more than 40 years (n= 189, 25%) while the least frequent age group was below 22 years (n= 83, 11%). The number of participants who reported having one children were 116 participants. On asking the participants who had male babies whether they craved for special food or not, their answers varied. Salty food, pickles and potato chips were preferred among 298 participants while sweets and chocolate were the favorite food among 155 participants. The special diet is statistically significant with the baby gender at p value of 0.001. Conclusion: The current study showed that diet preference among mothers affects the gender of the baby as the results showed. Some mothers intentionally reported following special diet in order to have specific gender.

Objectives During this unprecedented time of COVID-19 pandemic, it was noticed a decline in cardiovascular cases presentation to the Emergency rooms in many countries, raising many speculations about the reasons and its ramifications. 1 - Identify the reasons during this pandemic that refrain patients from seeking medical care and its impact on stress level and medication adherence. 2 - Emphasize the new role of virtual medicine. Methods A quantitative descriptive cross-section survey study of 388 patients. It has been done in the cardiac outpatient department and conducted virtually through telemedicine. Results Despite this pandemic and its consensuses, the majority of cardiac outpatients will still seek medical advice in case of experiencing symptoms. Nevertheless, the fear of contracting COVID-19 infection, which can alter patient's decisions from visiting the emergency room and the increase in stress level during these challenging times, is genuine and no more an element of guessing. Conclusion The majority of cardiac outpatients will wisely seek medical advice in case of serious cardiac symptoms and are adherent to their medications during this pandemic. Nevertheless, they face many concerns which need to implement a preventive and helping measures to fight the consensuses of COVID-19 such as, patient educations, establishing a hotline to all patients, telemedicine, new phone applications, and delivering medications to patients are essential in such circumstances to ensure continuity of care.

Many texts of King Seti II at Luxor Temple had been published before.[1] Until recently, only Kitchen presents a hand copy,[2] then very little parts of our concerned text had been published in scattered and very incomplete forms without transliteration, translation, and comment. It is hoped, therefore, that the present research will be a step forward to make available the text in its complete form with transliteration, translation, and comment, and to put the text in its historical context. The research aims toStudy the text of king Seti II at the solar Court of Luxor Temple; to analyze the intended text; to Comment on the intended text and put it in its historical context

Amani Mustafa,1 Mayeh Omar,2 Nada Mohamed Ali Alnair,3 Amel Abdu Abdalla Gesmalla,4 Nour Ahmed Yousif Ahmed,5 Nadia Elemam,5 Nabil Aziz6 ,†Maymoona Eltayeb,6 Seseni Nu,7 Sarah Yoss,7 Stephen Blount,7 Tariq Badawi,5 Dafallah Alam-Elhuda5 1Public Health Training Initiative, The Carter Center, Khartoum, Sudan; 2Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; 3Global Health Directorate, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan; 4Human Resources Development Directorate, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan; 5Academy of Health Sciences, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan; 6The Carter Center, Khartoum, Sudan; 7The Carter Center, Atlanta, GA, USA†Dr Nabil Aziz passed away on May 18, 2021Correspondence: Amani Mustafa, Public Health Training Initiative, The Carter Center, Nile Street, Khartoum, Sudan, Tel +249 912161822, Fax +249 183785536, Email amani.mustafa@cartercenter.orgPurpose: This evaluation draws evidence on the outcome of learning and teaching courses that were offered to a number of teaching staff (referred to as trainers) of the Academies of Health Sciences, Midwifery Schools and Centre for Continuous Professional Development in Sudan.Methods: The evaluation was a cross-sectional, institution-based study conducted from October 2017 to January 2018 involving qualitative design. It consisted of direct observations of teaching, focus group discussions with students and semi-structured interviews with managers of teaching institutions.Results: The findings of direct observations revealed that the learning and teaching course has positive effects on the trainers’ ability to have clear, well-stated learning objectives; their presentation skills; and their use of different teaching methods. Moreover, the observations showed that trainers who attended the learning and teaching course now encourage the students to ask questions and are providing them with timely feedback about their learning. As students were the main beneficiaries for improved teaching, focus group discussions have shown that students were generally satisfied with trainers’ performance regarding the stated learning outcomes, curricula design, use of a range of teaching methods and assessment methods. During in-depth interviews, managers of training institutions expressed satisfaction with the trainers’ performance regarding the development of training materials, learners’ assessment, supervision, and evaluation of training.Conclusion: Short courses on teaching and learning were a valuable investment for trainers, students, and the overall performance of health sciences training institutions. The evaluation revealed that trainers were able to apply what they have learnt. Moreover, students and managers noticed improvement in the performance of trainers in teaching, course delivery and assessment. It is recommended to expand, cascade and institutionalize the short courses on learning and teaching to all states to improve the capabilities of trainers, which would eventually contribute to the production of competent allied health professions in Sudan.Keywords: capacity development, human resources development, Kirkpatrick model, training of trainers, public health training, qualitative evaluation

The concept of smart cities is emerging rapidly with the objective of using technology to enhance the efficiency and the quality of services provided to the population in such cities. Due to the importance of having continuous and uninterrupted urban space monitoring, many studies have been carried out to propose intelligent surveillance systems for smart cities. Several research topics have already been explored in such domain. However, given the variety of problems and solutions, it is complex to identify research trends and gaps related to intelligent surveillance systems for smart cities without a systematic review. Therefore, this paper presents a systematic literature review of such a topic. The review revealed current research trends, challenges, and future directions in the area of intelligent surveillance systems. This work provides a list of references to find the mapped papers, thus paving the way for enhancing the efficiency, reliability, and robustness of such systems.

Surveillance systems are critical for the growth of smart cities. These systems can be thought of as the cities’ vision organs. It is anticipated that smart cities will produce a massive amount of data. Thus, to ensure the safety of its people, it is essential to conduct an efficient and real-time analysis of these data in order to receive timely responses in the event of catastrophic incidents. As a result, the process of transferring this vast data to the cloud for processing is relatively slow. In this paper, we present the software perspective to design and implement EFISS, a multilayer computing-based architecture for an intelligent, resourceefficient, and real-time surveillance system for smart cities. The framework, which is comprised of edge-fog computational layers, would help in the prevention of crime and the prediction of criminal incidents in smart cities. The EFISS can identify and validate crimes in real-time, using artificial intelligence (AI) and an event-driven method to transmit crime data to protective services and police units, allowing rapid intervention while conserving resources.

Although carbon (C) efflux from soils treated with organic wastes was widely covered in temperate and cold regions, still such data is not sufficient from arid and semi-arid regions. Saudi Arabia produces more than 335,000 tons/year of cow manure (CM), this CM either left as raw manure or being composted. The application of high C/N amendments is expected to increase soil organic carbon and reduce CO2 fluxes. A 90-day incubation experiment was conducted to study CO2 efflux, organic C microbial biomass C, available NH4+and NO3-when added to agricultural soil. Six manure types were added: cow manure, cow manure compost, cow manure biochar, cow manure stripped ammonia at pH 12 with a temperature of 95oC, cow manure stripped ammonia at pH 9 with a temperature of 95oC and control. The application of CM resulted in a considerable increase in soil available nitrogen, CO2 efflux compared to other treatments. Cow manure biochar showed the lowest CO2 efflux. Cumulative CO2 effluxes of cow manure effluents were lower than CM this possibly due to the relatively high C:N ratio of manure effluent. The content of, P, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn were decreased as incubation time increased. microbial biomass C of cow manure stripped ammonia at pH 12 with a temperature of 95oC were increased at 7 and 60 days illustrating to temperature effect on the decomposing of manure materials.

VCU Theses and Dissertations

This evaluation draws evidence on the effectiveness and outcome of learning and teaching courses that were offered to a number of teaching staff of the Academies of Health Sciences, Midwifery Schools and Centres for Continuous Professional Development in Sudan. It is based on a cross-sectional study consisting of self-administered questionnaires conducted from October 2017 to January 2018. The questionnaires were used to measure the extent to which the participants of the training courses acquired knowledge and skills and applied these skills in their jobs. Data was analysed using Excel sheets and SPSS version 21 and significant tests performed. The response rate for the self-administered questionnaire was 80%. Most of participants were females, early middle-aged, bachelor’s degree holders with more than 9 years of experience in the area of teaching health care professionals. The results are presented following the Kirkpatrick framework for evaluation of training, which was used to measure participants' reactions, learning and change of behaviour. Most of the participants were satisfied with the design and content of the course but expressed concerns regarding its duration and lack of residential facilities for course participants. Pre and post tests were used to measure learning. Comparison of the two results showed that participants gained knowledge in writing learning outcomes, although presentation skills showed no improvement following the training and the use of technology remained a challenge even after the course. In terms of application of the newly gained knowledge and skills, the findings illustrated that over 90% of the participants were satisfied with what they had learned after 3 months or more following the training course, and over 65% of the participants stated that the knowledge gained from the training remained useful. In conclusion, short courses on teaching and learning can be a valuable investment to both instructors and students. The evaluation has shown that course participants were satisfied with the training courses, gained new knowledge, and were able to apply the acquired knowledge and skills without any difficulties. It is therefore suggested to cascade these training courses to all remaining States in Sudan in order to improve the skills and capabilities of teaching staff.

Balanites fruits (Balanites aegyptiaca) as a potential source of steroidal sapogenins, chemicalsin demand by the pharmaceutical industry was studied. This report focuses on two potential fruit productsother than sapogenins, namely, balanites kernel oil (BKO) and kernel total protein. The oil content ofbalanites kernels obtained from thirteen mature-fruit accessions collected from different parts of Sudanwas high, reaching a value above 40% of kernel dry weight in several accessions. Kernel total proteinaveraged 31.2%. Some physicochemical characteristics of the oil and of its component lecithin fractionwere determined. Linoleic acid was the predominant fatty acid in BKO, reaching 56.0% of total fatty acids.

Masteroppgave i petroleumsteknologi PTEK399 MAMN-PETR

Additional file 1: Table S1. Nucleotide sequence identities between the EG/P2-29 (H6N2) virus and nearest homologues in the GenBank and GISAID database. Table S2. Molecular determinants within the Egyptian (EG/P2-29) H6N2 virus (H3 numbering).