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5,072 results on '"Nottingham Trent University"'

1. Biomarkers of aHSCT (BIO-MS)

Author

Sheffield Hospitals Charity, Nottingham Trent University, and University of Sheffield

Published
2024

4. Understanding Gut Symptoms in People With Cystic Fibrosis (GRAMPUS-CF SRC)

Author

Cystic Fibrosis Trust, Motilent, Nottingham Trent University, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, University of Leeds, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, University of Glasgow, National Institute for Health Research, United Kingdom, University of Birmingham, Northumbria University, and Imperial College London

Published
2023

12. The Impact of the Economic Crisis upon Human Resource Development (HRD): Evidence from two Greek Banks

Author

Mitsakis, Fotios V., Aravopoulou, Eleni, Nottingham Trent University, and St Mary’s University

Abstract

This study investigates the nature and changes of Human Resource Development (HRD) in two Greek banks under the challenging context of the economic crisis. It examines the latter’s impact upon HRD as it was perceived from different stakeholders and through a pre and ongoing-crisis assessment approach. \ud \ud The study draws upon qualitative research data from two case study banking organisations in Greece, reporting on 76 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders (HR staff, Bank Managers, employees) undertaken in 2014, six (6) years after the fall of Lehman Brothers. \ud The study contributes to academic knowledge as being the first empirical research offering a unique perspective through examining changes of HRD within a specific industry and national context (Greek banks) against a backdrop of an economic downturn. Its findings also raise important questions for HRD professionals, in both academia and practice in relation to claims and aspirations which prevail in respect of HRD and organisational change and business transformation.

Published
2016

13. Untangled Web : Developing Teaching on the Internet

Author

David Graham, Diane Mcneil, Lloyd (All Of Nottingham Trent University) Pettiford, David Graham, Diane Mcneil, and Lloyd (All Of Nottingham Trent University) Pettiford

Subjects
LB1044.87
Abstract

The internet and world wide web are revolutionizing many aspects of our lives, and have become an accepted part of socioeconomic experience in developed countries. For entertainment, shopping, banking, establishing friendships, seeking information, and so on, the web is the first port of call for an increasing number of people. A few in education have been quick to see the potential of the web as a platform for delivering a variety of teaching and learning materials. Many more, however, would like to make use of the web, but lack either the time or the skills, or both. Untangled Web provides a guide for those wishing to develop their own teaching and learning resources on the web, whether for local, open or distance learning. By using this book, potential web educators can acquire some of these basic skills and save time by drawing on the experiences of the authors and avoiding the pitfalls and problems that they have encountered. The authors have gained considerable expertise in devising, designing, constructing, testing, adapting and evaluating their own web-based instruction packages which have been developed over a number of years and involve a variety of subject areas. Untangled web is therefore very much focused on practical experience, and while it is primarily aimed at teachers in further and higher education, schoolteachers interested in using the web as a teaching and learning medium will find it useful. Untangled Web has been written by an experienced team from the Department of International Studies at the Nottingham Trent University. David Graham teaches geography and information technology; Jane McNeil is Faculty webmaster and teaches medieval history and information technology; Lloyd Pettiford teaches international relations.Innovative guide to using the web in teaching and learning, providing practical advice for lecturers and teachers on using the web as more than just a support tool

Published
2014

14. Clothing Longevity Protocol: final

Author

Cooper, T, Claxton, S, Hill, H, Holbrook, K, Hughes, M, Knox, A, Oxborrow, L, and Nottingham Trent University

Abstract

The Clothing Longevity Protocol offers guidelines for good practice in order to aid moves towards garments that will last longer and thus to help protect brand value, screen out garments which fail prematurely and reduce the environmental impact of the clothing sector.

Published
2014

17. Nano-dimensions for the pyrogallol[4]arene cavity .

Author

Gareth W. V. CaveCurrent address: School of Biomedical & Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, UK NG11 8NS., Matthew C. Ferrarelli, and Jerry L. Atwood

Published
2005

18. Perceptions Underlying Addictive Technology Use Patterns: Insights for Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy

Author

Olatz Lopez-Fernandez, Lucia Romo, Laurence Kern, Amélie Rousseau, Pierluigi Graziani, Lucien Rochat, Sophia Achab, Daniele Zullino, Nils Inge Landrø, Juan José Zacarés, Emilia Serra, Mariano Chóliz, Halley M. Pontes, Mark D. Griffiths, Daria J. Kuss, IIS Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Clinique, Psychanalyse, Développement (CliPsyD), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [AP-HP], Centre de Recherche sur le Sport et le Mouvement (CeRSM), Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé (CERPPS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale (LPS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université de Nîmes (UNIMES), Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), University of Oslo (UiO), Universitat de València (UV), University of London [London], Nottingham Trent University, Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest except Mark D. Griffiths (M.D.G). M.D.G’s university currently receives research funding from Norsk Tipping (the gambling operator owned by the Norwegian Government). M.D.G has also received funding for a number of research projects in the area of gambling education for young people, social responsibility in gambling and gambling treatment from GambleAware (formerly the Responsible Gambling Trust), a charitable body which funds its research program based on donations from the gambling industry. M.D.G regularly undertakes consultancy for various gaming companies in the area of social responsibility in gambling., Acknowledgments: Tech Use Disorders (FP7-PEOPLE-627999) awarded to O.L-F. Psychology Department QR Funding at Nottingham Trent University, Kickstarter bid grant (2017) awarded to O.L-F. It is also acknowledged to those who contributed to the Tech Use Disorders project as a supervisor (Joël Billieux) and a co-investigator (Yannick Morvan)., European Project: 627999,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF,TECH USE DISORDERS(2014), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, HAL UVSQ, Équipe, and Technological use disorders: European cross-cultural longitudinal and experimental studies for Internet and smartphone problem uses - TECH USE DISORDERS - - EC:FP7:PEOPLE2014-09-01 - 2016-08-31 - 627999 - VALID

Subjects
Adult, Technology, Preoccupied attachment style, Internet addiction, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], education, Behaviours, manop, cognitive-behavioural therapy, cognition, behaviours, internet addiction, compulsive internet use, internet use-related addiction, adults, preoccupied attachment style, mixed-methods, Article, Social Networking, 03 medical and health sciences, ddc:616.89, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, mental disorders, Cognitive-behavioural therapy, Humans, Adults, Internet, Mixed-methods, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 030227 psychiatry, 3. Good health, Behavior, Addictive, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Compulsive internet use, Video Games, Medicine, Internet use-related addiction, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is considered the ‘gold standard’ in the treatment of addictive disorders related to excessive technology use. However, the cognitive components of problematic internet use are not yet well-known. The aim of the present study was to explore the cognitive components, that according to problematic users, can lead to potential internet addiction. A total of 854 European adults completed an online survey using a mixed-methods design. Internet problems and attachment styles were assessed, prevalence rates estimated, correlations, chi-squared automatic interaction detection, and content analysis were performed. Self-reported addictions to social networking, internet, and gaming had a prevalence between 1.2% (gaming) to 2.7% (social networking). Self-perception of the addiction problem and preoccupied attachment style were discriminative factors for internet addiction. In an analysis of qualitative responses from self-identified compulsive internet users, a sense of not belonging and feeling of disconnection during life events were perceived as causes for internet addiction. The development depended on a cycle of mixed feelings associated with negative thoughts, compensated by a positive online identity. The severity of this behaviour pattern produced significant impairment in various areas of the participants’ functioning, suggesting a possible addiction problem. It is suggested that health professionals administering CBT should target unhealthy preoccupations and monitor mixed feelings and thoughts related to internet use to support coping with cognitive distortions.

Published
2022

19. Unlocking our understanding of intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams with genomic tools

Author

Thibault Datry, Rachel Stubbington, Alexander Weigand, Arnaud Foulquier, Florian Leese, Agnès Bouchez, Rosetta C. Blackman, Tristan Lefébure, Florian Altermatt, Maïlys Gauthier, University of Zurich, Blackman, Rosetta C, Department of Aquatic Ecology Eawag : Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Tecnology, Institut of Integrative Biology, Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Équipe 3 - Écologie, Évolution, Écosystemes Souterrains (E3S), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Riverly (Riverly), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), INRAE, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY NOTTINGHAM TRENT UNIVERSITY GBR, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), National Museum of Natural History [Luxembourg], Aquatic Ecosystem Research Group, University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Mathematics, Essen, Germany, EU COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) program : CA15113, CA15219, H2020 European Research and Innovation action : 869226, Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) : 31003A_173074, European Commission : PP00P3_179089, University of Zurich Research Priority Programme 'URPP Global Change and Biodiversity', Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), RiverLy - Fonctionnement des hydrosystèmes (RiverLy), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Nottingham Trent University, Universität Duisburg-Essen = University of Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), European Project: CA15219,DNAqua-Net, European Project: CA15113,SMIRES, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), University of Duisburg-Essen, and Universität Duisburg-Essen [Essen]

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Metacommunity, UFSP13-8 Global Change and Biodiversity, Evolution, Population, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, 03 medical and health sciences, 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Ecology, Global warming, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Fresh water, Habitat, 13. Climate action, Ephemeral streams, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, 570 Life sciences, biology, 590 Animals (Zoology), [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 2303 Ecology, Biologie
Abstract

International audience; Intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES) – waterways in which flow ceases periodically or that dry completely – are found worldwide, and their frequency and extent are expected to increase in the future in response to global climate change and growing anthropogenic demand for fresh water. Repeated wet–dry cycles generate highly dynamic settings within river networks composed of aquatic and terrestrial habitats, which act as evolutionary triggers for aquatic and terrestrial biota. Drying also alters functions and processes within river networks, with consequences for ecosystem services. Despite the emergence of promising conceptual and methodological developments, our understanding of the occurrence and diversity of organisms in these ecosystems is limited primarily due to their coupled aquatic–terrestrial characteristics. Novel genomic tools based on high-throughput sequencing have the potential to tackle unanswered questions of pivotal importance to predict future change in IRES. Here, we outline why genomic tools are needed to assess these dynamic ecosystems from the population to the metacommunity scale, and their potential role in bridging ecological–evolutionary dynamics.

Published
2021

20. Iron status influences non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obesity through the gut microbiome

Author

Josep Puig, Sarah Butcher, Xavier Fernández-Real, Rémy Burcelin, Massimo Federici, James Abbott, Elaine Holmes, Donald Mc Clain, José María Moreno-Navarrete, Christopher Tomlinson, José Manuel Fernández-Real, Andrés Moya, Wifredo Ricart, Matteo Serino, Jeremy K. Nicholson, Lesley Hoyles, Paolo Gentileschi, Richard H. Barton, Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs, Francesca Davato, Jèssica Latorre, Marina Cardellini, Marc-Emmanuel Dumas, Mark Woodbridge, María Arnoriaga-Rodríguez, Vicente Pérez-Brocal, Medical Research Council (MRC), European Commission, National Institutes of Health (US), National Institute for Health Research (UK), NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (UK), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Haut Conseil pour la Science et la Technologie (France), Métropole Européenne de Lille, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat Valenciana, Hospital Dr Josep Trueta de Girona, Universitat de Girona (UdG), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], Nottingham Trent University, Imperial College London, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), University of Rome TorVergata, Universitat de València (UV), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Wake Forest School of Medicine [Winston-Salem], Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Metabolic functional (epi)genomics and molecular mechanisms involved in type 2 diabetes and related diseases - UMR 8199 - UMR 1283 (EGENODIA (GI3M)), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Lille, ANR-16-IDEX-0004,ULNE,ULNE(2016), ANR-18-IBHU-0001,PreciDIAB,PreciDIAB Institute, the holistic approach of personal diabets care(2018), Universitat de Girona [Girona], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Metabolic functional (epi)genomics and molecular mechanisms involved in type 2 diabetes and related diseases - UMR 8199 - UMR 1283 (GI3M), Institut Català de la Salut, [Mayneris-Perxachs J, Latorre J, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Arnoriaga-Rodríguez M, Puig J, Ricart W, Fernández-Real JM] Departament de Diabetis, Endocrinologia i Nutrició, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Girona, Spain. Departament de Ciències Mèdiques, Universitat de Girona, Girona. Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGi), Salt, Spain. CIBERobn Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Girona, Spain. [Cardellini M, Davato F] Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. [Hoyles L] Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, UK. Department of Bioscience, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK, and Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr Josep Trueta

Subjects
Settore MED/09, Fetge -- Malalties, compuestos inorgánicos::compuestos de hierro::hierro dietético [COMPUESTOS QUÍMICOS Y DROGAS], drugs, Microbial ecology, Mice, Fetge, 0302 clinical medicine, nash, 1108 Medical Microbiology, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, glucose, Esteatosi hepàtica, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, biology, alcohol, QR100-130, Fatty liver, Digestive System Diseases::Liver Diseases::Fatty Liver::Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease [DISEASES], [SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, 3. Good health, Systems medicine, Obesitat, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, 0605 Microbiology, enfermedades del sistema digestivo::enfermedades hepáticas::hígado graso::esteatosis hepática no alcohólica [ENFERMEDADES], Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Iron, steatohepatitis, digestive system, Microbiology, Inorganic Chemicals::Iron Compounds::Iron, Dietary [CHEMICALS AND DRUGS], 03 medical and health sciences, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Microbiome, Obesity, 030304 developmental biology, Ferritin, Gut microbiome, 0602 Ecology, Histidine transport, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Nutrition Disorders::Overnutrition::Obesity [DISEASES], Research, Iron status, Fatty acid, Metabolism, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Shotgun sequencing, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Transplantation, Liver -- Diseases, Endocrinology, chemistry, enfermedades nutricionales y metabólicas::trastornos nutricionales::hipernutrición::obesidad [ENFERMEDADES], biology.protein, Metagenomics, Bacteroides, metabolism, Ferro, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Abstract

[Background]: The gut microbiome and iron status are known to play a role in the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), although their complex interaction remains unclear., [Results]: Here, we applied an integrative systems medicine approach (faecal metagenomics, plasma and urine metabolomics, hepatic transcriptomics) in 2 well-characterised human cohorts of subjects with obesity (discovery n = 49 and validation n = 628) and an independent cohort formed by both individuals with and without obesity (n = 130), combined with in vitro and animal models. Serum ferritin levels, as a markers of liver iron stores, were positively associated with liver fat accumulation in parallel with lower gut microbial gene richness, composition and functionality. Specifically, ferritin had strong negative associations with the Pasteurellaceae, Leuconostocaceae and Micrococcaea families. It also had consistent negative associations with several Veillonella, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species, but positive associations with Bacteroides and Prevotella spp. Notably, the ferritin-associated bacterial families had a strong correlation with iron-related liver genes. In addition, several bacterial functions related to iron metabolism (transport, chelation, heme and siderophore biosynthesis) and NAFLD (fatty acid and glutathione biosynthesis) were also associated with the host serum ferritin levels. This iron-related microbiome signature was linked to a transcriptomic and metabolomic signature associated to the degree of liver fat accumulation through hepatic glucose metabolism. In particular, we found a consistent association among serum ferritin, Pasteurellaceae and Micrococcacea families, bacterial functions involved in histidine transport, the host circulating histidine levels and the liver expression of GYS2 and SEC24B. Serum ferritin was also related to bacterial glycine transporters, the host glycine serum levels and the liver expression of glycine transporters. The transcriptomic findings were replicated in human primary hepatocytes, where iron supplementation also led to triglycerides accumulation and induced the expression of lipid and iron metabolism genes in synergy with palmitic acid. We further explored the direct impact of the microbiome on iron metabolism and liver fact accumulation through transplantation of faecal microbiota into recipient’s mice. In line with the results in humans, transplantation from ‘high ferritin donors’ resulted in alterations in several genes related to iron metabolism and fatty acid accumulation in recipient’s mice., [Conclusions]: Altogether, a significant interplay among the gut microbiome, iron status and liver fat accumulation is revealed, with potential significance for target therapies., This work was supported by EU-FP7 FLORINASH (Health-F2-2009-241913) to R.B., M.F., J.M.F.R., E.H. and J.K.N. Infrastructure support was provided by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). L.H. was in receipt of an MRC Intermediate Research Fellowship in Data Science (grant number MR/L01632X/1, UK Med-Bio). This work was also partly supported by funding to M.-E.D. (EU METACARDIS under agreement HEALTH-F4-2012-305312, Neuron II under agreement 291840 and the MRC MR/M501797/1) and by grants from the French National Research Agency (ANR-10-LABX-46 [European Genomics Institute for Diabetes]), from the National Center for Precision Diabetic Medicine – PreciDIAB, which is jointly supported by the French National Agency for Research (ANR-18-IBHU-0001), by the European Union (FEDER), by the Hauts-de-France Regional Council (Agreement 20001891/NP0025517) and by the European Metropolis of Lille (MEL, Agreement 2019_ESR_11) and by Isite ULNE (R-002-20-TALENT-DUMAS), also jointly funded by ANR (ANR-16-IDEX-0004-ULNE) the Hauts-de-France Regional Council (Agreement 20002045) and by the European Metropolis of Lille (MEL). J.M.-P. is funded by the Miguel Servet Program from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII CP18/00009), co-funded by the European Social Fund ‘Investing in your future’. María Arnoriaga Rodríguez is funded by a predoctoral Río Hortega contract (CM19/00190, co-funded by European Social Fund ‘Investing in your future’) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain. This work was supported by grants to AM from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-105969GB-I00) and Generalitat Valenciana (project Prometeo/2018/133).

Published
2020

21. Effects of body size on estimation of mammalian area requirements

Author

Wiebke Ullmann, Abdullahi H. Ali, Flávia Koch, Marlee A. Tucker, Rogério Cunha de Paula, Alexander M. Moßbrucker, Adam T. Ford, Scott D. LaPoint, Agnieszka Sergiel, Koji Yamazaki, Peter M. Kappeler, Christina Fischer, David H. O’Connor, Nucharin Songsasen, Dustin H. Ranglack, Matthew J. Kauffman, Pamela Castro Antunes, Bruce D. Patterson, Jerrold L. Belant, Abhijeet Kulkarni, Katherine Mertes, Jenna Stacy-Dawes, Christopher E. Moorman, Anjan Katna, Melissa Songer, J. Antonio de la Torre, Nuria Selva, Randall B. Boone, Julian Fennessy, Ben T. Hirsch, A. Catherine Markham, Niels Blaum, Christopher S. DePerno, Morgan B. Swingen, Rasmus Worsøe Havmøller, Richard W. Yarnell, Autumn-Lynn Harrison, Roland Kays, Briana Abrahms, Yayoi Kaneko, Nina Attias, Abi Tamim Vanak, Maria Thaker, Michael J. Noonan, Damien Caillaud, René Janssen, Claudia Fichtel, Guilherme Mourão, Florian Jeltsch, Susan C. Alberts, Ronaldo Gonçalves Morato, Filip Zięba, J.J.A. Dekker, David W. Macdonald, Tomasz Zwijacz-Kozica, Thomas Mueller, Laura R. Bidner, Laura A. McMahon, John W. Wilson, Jeanne Altmann, Mohammad S. Farhadinia, Lynne A. Isbell, Jennifer Pastorini, Jacob R. Goheen, David M. Scantlebury, Jared A. Stabach, Neil Reid, Luiz Gustavo R. Oliveira-Santos, Dean E. Beyer, Janet L. Rachlow, Christen H. Fleming, Margaret C. Crofoot, Peter Leimgruber, William F. Fagan, Dawn M. Scott, Petra Kaczensky, Jeffrey J. Thompson, Justin M. Calabrese, Cindy M. Hurtado, MICHAEL J. NOONAN, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, CHRISTEN H. FLEMING, University of Maryland, MARLEE A. TUCKER, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, ROLAND KAYS, Museum of Natural Sciences, Biodiversity Lab, Raleigh, AUTUMN-LYNN HARRISON, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, D.C, MARGARET C. CROFOOT, University of California, Davis, BRIANA ABRAHMS, NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, SUSAN C. ALBERTS, Duke University, Durham, ABDULLAHI H. ALI, Hirola Conservation Programme, Garissa, JEANNE ALTMANN, Princeton University, PAMELA CASTRO ANTUNES, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, NINA ATTIAS, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, JERROLD L. BELANT, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, DEAN E. BEYER JUNIOR, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, LAURA R. BIDNER, Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, NIELS BLAUM, University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, RANDALL B. BOONE, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, DAMIEN CAILLAUD, Colorado State University, ROGERIO CUNHA DE PAULA, Chico Mendes Institute for the Conservation of Biodiversity, J. ANTONIO DE LA TORRE, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico and CONACyT, JASJA DEKKER, Jasja Dekker Dierecologie, CHRISTOPHER S. DEPERNO, University of Oxford, Tubney House, MOHAMMAD FARHADINIA, Future4Leopards Foundation, Tehran, JULIAN FENNESSY, Giraffe Conservation Foundation, PO, CLAUDIA FICHTEL, German Primate Center, Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology Unit, CHRISTINA FISCHER, Restoration Ecology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, ADAM FORD, The University of British Columbia, JACOB R. GOHEEN, University of Wyoming, Laramie, RASMUS W. HAVMØLLER, University of California, Davis, BEN T. HIRSCH, James Cook University, Townsville, CINDY HURTADO, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, LYNNE A. ISBELL, Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, RENÉ JANSSEN, 6Bionet Natuuronderzoek, Valderstraat, FLORIAN JELTSCH, University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, PETRA KACZENSKY, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research - NINA, YAYOI KANEKO, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, PETER KAPPELER, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), ANJAN KATNA, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Bangalore, MATTHEW KAUFFMAN, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, FLAVIA KOCH, German Primate Center, Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology Unit, ABHIJEET KULKARNI, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), SCOTT LAPOINT, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, PETER LEIMGRUBER, University of Wyoming, DAVID W. MACDONALD, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, A. CATHERINE MARKHAM, Black Rock Forest, LAURA MCMAHON, Office of Applied Science, Department of Natural Resources, KATHERINE MERTES, Institute for the Conservation of Neotropical Carnivores, CHRISTOPHER E. MOORMAN, Frankfurt Zoological Society, Bernhard-Grzimek-Allee, RONALDO G. MORATO, National Research Center for Carnivores Conservation, ALEXANDER M. MOßBRUCKER, Frankfurt Zoological Society, Bernhard-Grzimek-Allee, GUILHERME DE MIRANDA MOURAO, CPAP, DAVID O'CONNOR, San Diego Zoo Institute of Conservation Research, LUIZ GUSTAVO R. OLIVEIRA-SANTOS, National Geographic Partners, JENNIFER PASTORINI, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, BRUCE D. PATTERSON, Centre for Conservation and Research, Sri Lanka, JANET RACHLOW, Anthropologisches Institut, Switzerland, DUSTIN H. RANGLACK, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NEIL REID, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, DAVID M. SCANTLEBURY, Queen's University Belfast, DAWN M. SCOTT, Keele University, Keele, NURIA SELVA, Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, AGNIESZKA SERGIEL, Treaty Authority, Duluth, MELISSA SONGER, Asociación Guyra Paraguay-CONACYT, NUCHARIN SONGSASEN, Instituto Saite, Paraguay, JARED A. STABACH, Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance, Hyderabad, India, JENNA STACY-DAWES, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, MORGAN B. SWINGEN, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India, JEFFREY J. THOMPSON, University of Pretoria, WIEBKE ULLMANN, Ibaraki Nature Museum, Osaki, ABI TAMIM VANAK, University of Agriculture, Tokyo, MARIA THAKER, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, JOHN W. WILSON, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, KOJI YAMAZAKI, Ibaraki Nature Museum, Osaki, RICHARD W. YARNELL, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, FILIP ZIEBA, Tatra National Park, Zakopane, TOMASZ ZWIJACZ-KOZICA, Tatra National Park, Zakopane, WILLIAM F. FAGAN, University of Maryland, College Park, THOMAS MUELLER, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt, and JUSTIN M. CALABRESE, National Zoological Park, Front Royal.

Subjects
Basic medical, dental and veterinary sciences: 710 [VDP], 0106 biological sciences, conservación basada en áreas, autocorrelation, distribución local, home range, Magnitude (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, Homing Behavior, 核密度估计, Statistics, 保护区设计, Body Size, 标度, SDG 15 - Life on Land, Mammals, area‐based conservation, 家域, Ecology, diseño de reserva, Conservação, scaling, 自相关, Biological Sciences, ddc, Comportamento Animal, Reserve design, 动物移动, Global Positioning System, kernel density estimation, Animal behavior, 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie, Conservation of Natural Resources, Conservation status, Life on Land, Home range, Kernel density estimation, movimiento de mamíferos, 010603 evolutionary biology, ddc:570, Space use, allometry, Animals, Humans, SF, Basale medisinske, odontologiske og veterinærmedisinske fag: 710 [VDP], area-based conservation, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, alometría, QL, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, allometry, animal movement, area-based conservation, autocorrelation, home range, kernel density estimation, reserve design, scaling, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Autocorrelation, Endangered Species, escalamiento, Ranging, 异速增长, Conservation Methods, animal movement, 区域保护, estimación de densidad del núcleo, autocorrelación, Environmental science, Mamífero, Allometry, Generic health relevance, business, reserve design, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Accurately quantifying species’ area requirements is a prerequisite for effective area‐based conservation. This typically involves collecting tracking data on species of interest and then conducting home‐range analyses. Problematically, autocorrelation in tracking data can result in space needs being severely underestimated. Based on the previous work, we hypothesized the magnitude of underestimation varies with body mass, a relationship that could have serious conservation implications. To evaluate this hypothesis for terrestrial mammals, we estimated home‐range areas with global positioning system (GPS) locations from 757 individuals across 61 globally distributed mammalian species with body masses ranging from 0.4 to 4000 kg. We then applied block cross‐validation to quantify bias in empirical home‐range estimates. Area requirements of mammals 1, meaning the scaling of the relationship changed substantially at the upper end of the mass spectrum., Article impact statement: Due to autocorrelation‐induced bias, conventional methods severely underestimate the area requirements of GPS‐tracked large mammals.

Published
2020

22. Peripheral CD8 effector-memory type 1 T-cells correlate with outcome in ipilimumab-treated stage IV melanoma patients

Author

Christian U. Blank, Michele Maio, Michael A. Postow, Benjamin Weide, Phillip Wong, Dirk Schadendorf, Anna Maria Di Giacomo, Florian Heubach, Jianda Yuan, Paolo A. Ascierto, Amir Khammari, Marnix H Geukes Foppen, Brigitte Dréno, Graham Pawelec, Claus Garbe, Emanuela Romano, Domenico Mallardo, Bastian Schilling, Jedd D. Wolchok, Kilian Wistuba-Hamprecht, Alexander Martens, Department of Dermatology [Tubingen, Germany], University Medical Center [Tubingen, Germany], Department of Internal Medicine II [Tübingen, Germany], University Medical Center [Tübingen, Germany], Immunité et cancer (U932), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), The Netherlands Cancer Institute [Amsterdam, The Netherlands], Memorial Sloane Kettering Cancer Center [New York], Weill Medical College of Cornell University [New York], Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione Pascale [Naples, Italy], Department of Dermatology [Essen, Germany], University Hospital [Essen, Germany]-West German Cancer Center [Essen, Germany]-University Duisburg-Essen [Germany], German Cancer Consortium [Heidelberg] (DKTK), Division of Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy [Siena, Italy], University Hospital of Siena, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers (CRCNA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Laennec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Faculté de Médecine d'Angers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), School of Science and Technology [Nottingham, U.K.], Nottingham Trent University, Division of Cancer Studies [London, UK], King‘s College London, Parts of this study were funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb (Munich, Germany) to B Weide. Parts of this study were funded by the EU Seventh Framework Program ‘PRIAT’ (Profiling Responders In Antibody Therapies) grant agreement no 305309 to C Garbe. Parts of this study were funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG PA 361-22/1 to G. Pawelec., European Project: 305309,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2012-INNOVATION-1,PRIAT(2012), Bernardo, Elizabeth, Profiling Responders In Antibody Therapies - PRIAT - - EC:FP7:HEALTH2012-11-01 - 2014-10-31 - 305309 - VALID, Immunité et cancer ( U932 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut Curie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center [New York, NY, USA], Weill Cornell Medical College [New York, NY, USA], German Cancer Consortium - DKTK [Heidelberg, Germany], Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie / Nantes - Angers ( CRCNA ), CHU Angers-Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Hôpital Laennec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Faculté de Médecine d'Angers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes ( CHU Nantes ), Nottingham Trent University [U.K.], European Project : 305309,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2012-INNOVATION-1,PRIAT ( 2012 ), and Universität Duisburg-Essen = University of Duisburg-Essen [Essen]-University Hospital [Essen, Germany]-West German Cancer Center [Essen, Germany]

Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Oncology, Cancer Research, Skin Neoplasms, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor, Medizin, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, [ SDV.CAN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, 0302 clinical medicine, Biomarker, Effector memory cells, Ipilimumab, Melanoma, Prognosis, medicine.diagnostic_test, Effector, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Middle Aged, Flow Cytometry, Peripheral, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Biomarker (medicine), Female, medicine.drug, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Antineoplastic Agents, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, Article, Flow cytometry, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Antigens, Neoplasm, Internal medicine, Biomarkers, Tumor, medicine, Humans, Aged, business.industry, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Immunology, business, Immunologic Memory, CD8
Abstract

International audience; The role of the assessment of peripheral T-cell phenotypes in predicting overall survival (OS) after ipilimumab treatment is unclear. Here, we analysed mononuclear cells in the blood before and at different time points during treatment with ipilimumab in 137 late-stage melanoma patients. The proportions of baseline naïve and memory T-cells were measured by flow cytometry and correlated with OS, with an emphasis on PD-1 expression. High frequencies (>13%) of CD8 effector-memory type 1 (EM1) T-cells at baseline correlated with longer OS (p = 0.029) and higher clinical response rates (p = 0.01). The frequency of these EM1 cells and the M category had independent impacts on OS (hazard ratio = 1.5, p = 0.033; and hazard ratio = 1.9, p = 0.007). In contrast, high baseline frequencies of late stage-differentiated effector memory CD8 cells (>23.8%) were negatively associated with OS (p = 0.034) but did not correlate with clinical response. Following treatment, a decrease of CD8 cells from baseline to the time of the second drug dose and at later time points was strongly and consistently correlated with a high clinical response rate. Our observations thus suggest an important predictive role of baseline CD8 EM1 cells and changes in CD8 cells for clinical response of ipilimumab. Further validation of these biomarker candidates is warranted.

Published
2017

23. Probiotic yogurt and acidified milk similarly reduce postprandial inflammation and both alter the gut microbiota of healthy, young men

Author

Marta Rosikiewicz, Nathalie Vionnet, Philip G. McTernan, Guy Vergères, Antony Croxatto, Sébastien Aeby, Gilbert Greub, François P. Pralong, Grégory Pimentel, Marie-Jeanne Voirol, Jocelyne Drai, Ueli von Ah, Kathryn J Burton, Ueli Bütikofer, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne university hospital, Agroscope, Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Nottingham Trent University, Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), and School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University

Subjects
Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Medicine (miscellaneous), Inflammation, Gut flora, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Double-Blind Method, Lactobacillus, medicine, Animals, Humans, Food science, Meals, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, Colony-forming unit, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Nutrition and Dietetics, biology, business.industry, Microbiota, Probiotics, Parallel study, food and beverages, Postprandial Period, Yogurt, biology.organism_classification, Dietary Fats, Gastrointestinal Tract, Milk, 030104 developmental biology, Streptococcus salivarius, Postprandial, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Probiotic yogurt and milk supplemented with probiotics have been investigated for their role in ‘low-grade’ inflammation but evidence for their efficacy is inconclusive. This study explores the impact of probiotic yogurt on metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers, with a parallel study of gut microbiota dynamics. The randomised cross-over study was conducted in fourteen healthy, young men to test probiotic yogurt compared with milk acidified with 2 % d-(+)-glucono-δ-lactone during a 2-week intervention (400 g/d). Fasting assessments, a high-fat meal test (HFM) and microbiota analyses were used to assess the intervention effects. Baseline assessments for the HFM were carried out after a run-in during which normal milk was provided. No significant differences in the inflammatory response to the HFM were observed after probiotic yogurt compared with acidified milk intake; however, both products were associated with significant reductions in the inflammatory response to the HFM compared with the baseline tests (assessed by IL6, TNFα and chemokine ligand 5) (PBilophila wadsworthia after acidified milk (log 2-fold-change (FC)=–1·5, Padj=0·05) and probiotic yogurt intake (FC=–1·3, Padj=0·03), increased abundance of Bifidobacterium species after acidified milk intake (FC=1·4, Padj=0·04) and detection of Lactobacillus delbrueckii spp. bulgaricus (FC=7·0, PadjStreptococcus salivarius spp. thermophilus (FC=6·0, Padj

Published
2017

24. Problematic internet use in adults: Cross-cultural study in 15 countries

Author

Olatz Lopez-Fernandez, Lucia Romo, Laurence Kern, Amélie Rousseau, Bernadeta Lelonek-Kuleta, Joanna Chwaszcz, Niko Männikkö, Hans-Jürgen Rumpf, Anja Bischof, Orsolya Király, Ann-Kathrin Gässler, Pierluigi Graziani, Maria Kääriäinen, Nils Inge Landrø, Juan José Zacarés, Mariano Chóliz, Magali Dufour, Lucien Rochat, Daniele Zullino, Sophia Achab, Zsolt Demetrovics, Mark D. Griffiths, Daria J. Kuss, Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Université Francisco de Vitoria = Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz [Madrid, Spain], Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Clinique, Psychanalyse, Développement (CliPsyD), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré [Garches], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre de Recherche sur le Sport et le Mouvement (CeRSM), Adaptation, mesure et évaluation en santé. Approches interdisciplinaires (APEMAC), Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé (CERPPS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin (KUL), University of Oulu, Oulu University of Applied Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Université de Nîmes (UNIMES), Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale (LPS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), University of Oslo (UiO), Universitat de València (UV), Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospital of Geneva, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Neuroscience Center [University of Geneva], Hôpital Universitaire de Genève = University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Universität zu Lübeck = University of Lübeck [Lübeck], Oulu University Hospital [Oulu], Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), University of Gibraltar [Gibraltar] (UG), Nottingham Trent University, European Commission, EC: FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF-627999, Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal, NKFIH: KKP126835, This research was funded by the European Commission, grant title: Technological use disorders: European cross-cultural longitudinal and experimental studies for Internet and smartphone problem uses project, code: FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF-627999. It was also supported by the Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office (KKP126835)., and European Project: 627999,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF,TECH USE DISORDERS(2014)

Subjects
problematic online shopping, problematic social networking, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], problematic online sex, cross-cultural research, impulsivity, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, General Medicine, problematic gaming, problematic gambling, psychopathology, internet addiction, [SCCO]Cognitive science, problematic internet use
Abstract

International audience; Background: The present study compared adult usage patterns of online activities, the frequency rate of problematic internet use (PIU), and risk factors (including the psychopathology associated with PIU, i.e., distress and impulsivity) among adults in 15 countries from Europe, America, and Asia. Methods: A total of 5130 adults from Belgium, Finland, Germany, Italy, Spain, France, Switzerland, Hungary, Poland, UK, Norway, Peru, Canada, US, and Indonesia completed an online survey assessing PIU and a number of psychological variables (i.e., depression, anxiety, stress, and impulsivity). The sample included more females, with a mean age of 24.71 years (SD = 8.70). Results: PIU was slightly lower in European countries (rates ranged from 1.1% in Finland to 10.1% in the UK, compared to 2.9% in Canada and 10.4% in the US). There were differences in specific PIU rates (e.g., problematic gaming ranged from 0.4% in Poland to 4.7% in Indonesia). Regression analyses showed that PIU was predicted by problematic social networking and gaming, lack of perseverance, positive urgency, and depression. Conclusions: The differences in PIU between countries were significant for those between continental regions (Europe versus non-European countries). One of the most interesting findings is that the specific PIU risks were generally low compared to contemporary literature. However, higher levels of PIU were present in countries outside of Europe, although intra-European differences existed.

Published
2023

25. Remote assessment of ADHD in children and adolescents : recommendations from the European ADHD Guidelines Group following the clinical experience during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Santosh, P., Cortese, S., Hollis, C., Bölte, S., Daley, D., Coghill, David, Holtmann, M., Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Buitelaar, J., Banaschewski, Tobias, Stringaris, A., Döpfner, M., Van der Oord, S., Carucci, S., Brandeis, D., Nagy, P., Ferrin, M., Baeyens, D., van den Hoofdakker, B. J., Purper-Ouakil, D., Ramos-Quiroga, A., Romanos, M., Soutullo, C. A., Thapar, A., Wong, I. C. K., Zuddas, A., Galera, C., Simonoff, E., Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, University of Zurich, Institut Català de la Salut, [Santosh P] Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK. Centre for Interventional Paediatric Psychopharmacology and Rare Diseases, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. HealthTracker Ltd, Gillingham, Kent, UK. [Cortese S] Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK. Hassenfeld Children’s Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York City, NY, USA. Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. [Hollis C] School of Medicine, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) MindTech Mental Health MedTech Cooperative, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Mental Health, Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. [Bölte S] Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden. Curtin Autism Research Group, Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia. [Daley D] NTU Psychology, School of Social Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK. [Coghill D] Departments of Paediatrics and Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. [Ramos-Quiroga A] Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus

Subjects
Pandemic, European ADHD Guidelines Group (EAGG), COVID-19, Virus Diseases::RNA Virus Infections::Nidovirales Infections::Coronaviridae Infections::Coronavirus Infections [DISEASES], 610 Medicine & health, Remote assessment, General Medicine, 10058 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Perinatology and Child Health, Adolescents, COVID-19 (Malaltia), Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Mental health, Trastorn per dèficit d'atenció amb hiperactivitat, Mental Disorders::Neurodevelopmental Disorders::Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders::Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity [PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOLOGY], Assistència sanitària, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, virosis::infecciones por virus ARN::infecciones por Nidovirales::infecciones por Coronaviridae::infecciones por Coronavirus [ENFERMEDADES], Developmental and Educational Psychology, ADHD, administración de los servicios de salud::gestión de la atención al paciente::prestación sanitaria [ATENCIÓN DE SALUD], trastornos mentales::trastornos del desarrollo neurológico::trastornos conductuales disruptivos y déficit de atención::trastornos de déficit de atención con hiperactividad [PSIQUIATRÍA Y PSICOLOGÍA], 10064 Neuroscience Center Zurich, Children, Health Services Administration::Patient Care Management::Delivery of Health Care [HEALTH CARE]
Abstract

Adolescents; COVID-19; Remote assessment Adolescents; COVID-19; Avaluació a distància Adolescentes; COVID-19; Evaluación a distancia The COVID-19 pandemic led ADHD services to modify the clinical practice to reduce in-person contact as much as possible to minimise viral spread. This had far-reaching effects on day-to-day clinical practice as remote assessments were widely adopted. Despite the attenuation of the acute threat from COVID, many clinical services are retaining some remote practices. The lack of clear evidence-based guidance about the most appropriate way to conduct remote assessments meant that these changes were typically implemented in a localised, ad hoc, and un-coordinated way. Here, the European ADHD Guidelines Group (EAGG) discusses the strengths and weaknesses of remote assessment methods of children and adolescents with ADHD in a narrative review based on available data and expert opinions to highlight key recommendations for future studies and clinical practice. We conclude that going forward, despite remote working in clinical services functioning adequately during the pandemic, all required components of ADHD assessment should still be completed following national/international guidelines; however, the process may need adaptation. Social restrictions, including changes in education provision, can either mask or exacerbate features associated with ADHD and therefore assessment should carefully chart symptom profile and impairment prior to, as well as during an ongoing pandemic. While remote assessments are valuable in allowing clinical services to continue despite restrictions and may have benefits for routine care in the post-pandemic world, particular attention must be paid to those who may be at high risk but not be able to use/access remote technologies and prioritize these groups for conventional face-to-face assessments.

Published
2023

26. Community perceptions on the factors in the social food environment that influence dietary behaviour in cities of Kenya and Ghana: A Photovoice study

Author

Milkah N Wanjohi, Rebecca Pradeilles, Gershim Asiki, Michelle Holdsworth, Elizabeth W Kimani-Murage, Stella K Muthuri, Ana Irache, Amos Laar, Francis Zotor, Akua Tandoh, Senam Klomegah, Fiona Graham, Hibbah Araba Osei-Kwasi, Mark A Green, Nathaniel Coleman, Kobby Mensah, Robert Akparibo, Richmond Aryeteey, Emily K Rousham, Nicolas Bricas, Marco Bohr, Paula Griffiths, African Population and Health Research Center, Inc (APHRC Campus), Loughborough University, Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) (UMR MoISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of Warwick [Coventry], University of Ghana, University of Health and Allied Sciences [Ho] (UHAS), Newcastle University [Newcastle], University of Sheffield [Sheffield], University of Liverpool, Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Nottingham Trent University, University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), and This work was supported by two funders. The ‘Dietary transitions in Ghana’ project was funded by a grant from the Drivers of Food Choice Competitive Grants Programme [grant number OPP1110043], which is funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Seattle, WA and the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office, and managed by the University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health, USA. The TACLED project was funded by a Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) Foundation Award led by the MRC [grant number MR/P025153/1], and supported by Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC),Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research (BBSRC), Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and Natural Environment Research Council (NERC).

Subjects
Food environment, Nutrition and Dietetics, Social factors, Africa, Photovoice, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Urban, Medicine (miscellaneous), Dietary behaviour, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract

Objective:To explore communities’ perspectives on the factors in the social food environment that influence dietary behaviours in African cities.Design:A qualitative study using participatory photography (Photovoice). Participants took and discussed photographs representing factors in the social food environment that influence their dietary behaviours. Follow-up in-depth interviews allowed participants to tell the ‘stories’ of their photographs. Thematic analysis was conducted, using data-driven and theory-driven (based on the socio-ecological model) approaches.Setting:Three low-income areas of Nairobi (n 48) in Kenya and Accra (n 62) and Ho (n 32) in Ghana.Participants:Adolescents and adults, male and female aged ≥13 years.Results:The ‘people’ who were most commonly reported as influencers of dietary behaviours within the social food environment included family members, friends, health workers and food vendors. They mainly influenced food purchase, preparation and consumption, through (1) considerations for family members’ food preferences, (2) considerations for family members’ health and nutrition needs, (3) social support by family and friends, (4) provision of nutritional advice and modelling food behaviour by parents and health professionals, (5) food vendors’ services and social qualities.Conclusions:The family presents an opportunity for promoting healthy dietary behaviours among family members. Peer groups could be harnessed to promote healthy dietary behaviours among adolescents and youth. Empowering food vendors to provide healthier and safer food options could enhance healthier food sourcing, purchasing and consumption in African low-income urban communities.

Published
2022

27. The eyes of the past: larger pupil size for autobiographical memories retrieved from field perspective

Author

Quentin Lenoble, Frederique Robin, Karim Gallouj, Mohamad El Haj, Steve M. J. Janssen, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR Lettres et Langages (UFRLL), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Nottingham Trent University, University of Lille, Université de Ngaoundéré/University of Ngaoundéré [Cameroun] (UN), Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, and Université de Nantes (UN)

Subjects
Autobiographical memory, media_common.quotation_subject, Field (Bourdieu), Perspective (graphical), ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Pupil size, Dermatology, General Medicine, Emotional intensity, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 03 medical and health sciences, Psychiatry and Mental health, 0302 clinical medicine, Pupillary response, Introspection, 030212 general & internal medicine, Neurology (clinical), Psychology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Mental image, Cognitive psychology, media_common
Abstract

Visual perspective during memory retrieval has mainly been evaluated with methodologies based on introspection and subjective reports. The current study investigates whether visual perspective can be evaluated with a physiological measurement: pupil dilation. While their pupil diameter was measured with an eye-tracker, forty-five participants retrieved one memory from a field perspective (i.e., as viewed through our own eyes) and one memory from an observer perspective (i.e., as viewed from a spectator’s standpoint). After retrieval, participants rated the emotional intensity of the memories. Analysis demonstrated larger pupils during the retrieval of memories from a field perspective and higher emotional intensity for memories retrieved from a field perspective. The larger pupils for memories recalled from a field perspective could, however, not be attributed to their higher emotional intensity. These findings suggest that pupil dilation could be used as a physiological assessment of visual perspective during memory retrieval.

Published
2021

28. Mindfulness and false memories: state and dispositional mindfulness does not increase false memories for naturalistic scenes presented in a virtual environment

Author

Valentina La Corte, Pascale Piolino, Kouloud Abichou, Marco Sperduti, Julia Ayache, Laboratoire Mémoire, Cerveau et Cognition (MC2Lab (URP_7536)), Université de Paris (UP), Université de Paris – UFR Institut de psychologie [Sociétés et Humanités] (UP UFR Psychologie), Nottingham Trent University, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer [Paris] (IM2A), Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), and Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)

Subjects
Mindfulness, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Memory, Episodic, media_common.quotation_subject, Repression, Psychology, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, False memory, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Meditation, Association (psychology), Episodic memory, media_common, Recall, 05 social sciences, Recognition, Psychology, Cognition, General Medicine, Free recall, Mental Recall, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

Mindfulness attracted increased research interests in the last decade, reporting an overall beneficial effect of this practice on cognitive performances. Nevertheless, recently a possible detrimental impact of mindfulness has been underlined. While the effect of mindfulness on memory remains under-explored, recent studies have observed an increased false-memory susceptibility after mindfulness practice. A possible explanatory mechanism has been suggested, related to the nature of the studied material. For semantically related information, mindfulness would increase false memories; however, the addition of rich perceptual information could prevent this detrimental effect. The present study aimed to verify this hypothesis by testing the impact of state mindfulness induced by a short meditation session, and dispositional mindfulness on the production of false memory for pictorial material presented in a complex virtual environment. We employed a virtual reality version of the Deese–Roediger–McDermott paradigm (DRM), a classical protocol to induce false memories. Contrary to previous studies, we did not observe any effect of mindfulness on false or correct memories (free recall and recognition) after a short mindfulness practice session compared to a control condition. Nonetheless, we found a beneficial effect of mindfulness practice on memory sensitivity. Additionally, we reported a positive and negative effect of dispositional mindfulness on memory outcomes. While the Non-Reactivity facet was associated with overall better memory performances, we observed an association between the Acting with Awareness facet and an increased recollection of lures. We discuss these findings in line with a recent proposal on the link between mindfulness and episodic memory.

Published
2021

29. Starch and fiber intake effects on energy metabolism, growth, and carapacial scute pyramiding of red-footed tortoise hatchlings (Chelonoidis carbonaria)

Author

Pierina Mendoza, Camila Furuta, Beatriz Garcia, Lucas A. Zena, Silvana Artoni, Ellen S. Dierenfeld, Kênia C. Bícego, Aulus C. Carciofi, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Wildhunger-Wildlife Nutrition Advisory, University of Gothenburg, Nottingham Trent University, and Zootrition Consulting

Subjects
Dietary Fiber, Heat increment, Rumen, Physiology, Starch, Metabolic rate, Biochemistry, Animal Feed, Zea mays, Body composition, Diet, Turtles, Animals, Lactation, Digestive response, Digestion, Female, Chelonoidis, Pyramiding, Energy Metabolism, Molecular Biology
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:38:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-03-01 Tortoise husbandry includes reports of excessive growth and carapace pyramiding, although triggers still remain to be fully elucidated. Juvenile red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria) were fed with two different diets, one high in fiber (HF; 14.2% crude fiber; 39.2% neutral detergent fiber, NDF; dry matter basis, DMB) and one high in starch (HS; 27.7% DMB), to assess effects on energy metabolism, nutrient digestibility, and growth. A total of 20 hatchlings (10 per diet) were used to evaluate: apparent digestibility coefficients (Da) of nutrients and gross energy (GE), passage times at 5 and 11 months of age; resting and post-prandial metabolic rates at 6 and 12 months of age; growth rates; pyramiding; and estimated body composition. Animals fed HS showed higher mass-specific intake of digestible energy (113.9 ± 32.1 kJ kg−1 day−1 vs. 99.6 ± 35.3 kJ kg−1 day−1; P < 0.05), digestible DM (6.1 ± 1.8 g kg−1 day−1 vs. 5.0 ± 1.8 g kg−1 day−1; P < 0.01), shorter transit (3 ± 1 days vs. 4 ± 1 days; P < 0.01) and retention times (8 ± 2 days vs. 10 ± 2 days; P < 0.01), and higher Da of DM, starch, NDF, and GE. Crude protein Da was higher for HF. Rest and post-prandial metabolic rates, and pyramiding degree were not affected by diets. At 13 months, the animals from HS presented wider plastrons and carapaces, and higher carapace width growth rates. In addition, these animals had lower body mineral content (1.88 ± 0.15% vs. 2.15 ± 0.19%; P < 0.01) and bone density (0.13 ± 0.01 g mm−2 vs. 0.15 ± 0.02 g mm−2; P < 0.02). Results provide evidence that highly digestible foods can accelerate shell growth and lower mineralization in this species. Department of Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal Wildhunger-Wildlife Nutrition Advisory Department of Biology Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal School of Animal Rural and Environmental Sciences Nottingham Trent University Zootrition Consulting Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal Department of Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal Department of Biology Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal

Published
2022

30. ITCH E3 ubiquitin ligase downregulation compromises hepatic degradation of branched-chain amino acids

Author

Rossella Menghini, Lesley Hoyles, Marina Cardellini, Viviana Casagrande, Arianna Marino, Paolo Gentileschi, Francesca Davato, Maria Mavilio, Ivan Arisi, Alessandro Mauriello, Manuela Montanaro, Manuel Scimeca, Richard H. Barton, Francesca Rappa, Francesco Cappello, Manlio Vinciguerra, José Maria Moreno-Navarrete, Wifredo Ricart, Ottavia Porzio, José-Manuel Fernández-Real, Rémy Burcelin, Marc-Emmanuel Dumas, Massimo Federici, Menghini R., Hoyles L., Cardellini M., Casagrande V., Marino A., Gentileschi P., Davato F., Mavilio M., Arisi I., Mauriello A., Montanaro M., Scimeca M., Barton R.H., Rappa F., Cappello F., Vinciguerra M., Moreno-Navarrete J.M., Ricart W., Porzio O., Fernandez-Real J.-M., Burcelin R., Dumas M.-E., Federici M., Nottingham Trent University, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], University of Rome TorVergata, European Brain Research Institute [Rome, Italy] (EBRI), Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital of Girona-Biomedical Research Institute 'Dr Josep Trueta'-CIBERobn Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Hospital Dr Josep Trueta de Girona, Universitat de Girona (UdG), Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), Metabolic functional (epi)genomics and molecular mechanisms involved in type 2 diabetes and related diseases - UMR 8199 - UMR 1283 (EGENODIA (GI3M)), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Imperial College London, ANR-16-IDEX-0004,ULNE,ULNE(2016), and ANR-18-IBHU-0001,PreciDIAB,PreciDIAB Institute, the holistic approach of personal diabets care(2018)

Subjects
Mice, Knockout, BCAAm Metabolomic, NAFLD, Transcriptomics, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Liver Neoplasms, Down-Regulation, BCAA, Metabolomics, NAFLD, Transcriptomics, Settore MED/09, Cell Biology, Mice, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Animals, Humans, Female, Obesity, skin and connective tissue diseases, Molecular Biology, Amino Acids, Branched-Chain
Abstract

Objective: Metabolic syndrome, obesity, and steatosis are characterized by a range of dysregulations including defects in ubiquitin ligase tagging proteins for degradation. The identification of novel hepatic genes associated with fatty liver disease and metabolic dysregulation may be relevant to unravelling new mechanisms involved in liver disease progression Methods: Through integrative analysis of liver transcriptomic and metabolomic obtained from obese subjects with steatosis, we identified itchy E ubiquitin protein ligase (ITCH) as a gene downregulated in human hepatic tissue in relation to steatosis grade. Wild-type or ITCH knockout mouse models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obesity-related hepatocellular carcinoma were analyzed to dissect the causal role of ITCH in steatosis Results: We show that ITCH regulation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) degradation enzymes is impaired in obese women with grade 3 compared with grade 0 steatosis, and that ITCH acts as a gatekeeper whose loss results in elevation of circulating BCAAs associated with hepatic steatosis. When ITCH expression was specifically restored in the liver of ITCH knockout mice, ACADSB mRNA and protein are restored, and BCAA levels are normalized both in liver and plasma Conclusions: Our data support a novel functional role for ITCH in the hepatic regulation of BCAA metabolism and suggest that targeting ITCH in a liver-specific manner might help delay the progression of metabolic hepatic diseases and insulin resistance.

Published
2022

31. Adsorptive remediation of naproxen from water using in-house developed hybrid material functionalized with iron oxide

Author

Juliana Heloisa Pinê Américo-Pinheiro, Claudomiro Vinicius Moreno Paschoa, Gledson Renan Salomão, Ianny Andrade Cruz, William Deodato Isique, Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira, Farooq Sher, Nádia Hortense Torres, Vineet Kumar, Rafael Silvio Bonilha Pinheiro, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Brazil University, Tiradentes University, Institute of Technology and Research, Nottingham Trent University, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), and Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University)

Subjects
Isotherm, Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Water, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Hydrogen Peroxide, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Pollution, Ferric Compounds, Water Purification, Kinetics, Water quality, Naproxen, Environmental Chemistry, Adsorption, Anti-inflammatory, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:48:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-02-01 Every year, a considerable volume of medications is consumed. Because these medications are not entirely eliminated in the sewage treatment plants and impact the surface waterways, the environmental pollution problem arises. This study objective was to evaluate the possibility of using an absorbent material made with of polyethylene terephthalate and sugarcane bagasse ash functionalized with iron oxide (PETSCA/Fe3+) in the removal of naproxen from water. The feasibility of having viable features in becoming an efficient adsorbent was first determined. The batch test was performed, allowing the dose effect, adsorption kinetics, and isotherm models to be evaluated. The determination of naproxen (NAP) concentration in water was analyzed on a high-performance liquid chromatograph and Langmuir method best represented the adsorption isotherm model. PETSCA/Fe3+ adsorbent material demonstrated potential in the naproxen removal at a low cost. The batching process was satisfactory, with 0.30 g of composite being the optimum fit for the system. The adsorption kinetics was determined and described by the pseudo second order model, with an average correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.974. The adsorption system model was best represented by the Langmuir isotherm curve. Moreover, adsorption in the presence of H2O2 had a positive impact on the process, removing 81.9% of NAP, whereas the process without H2O2 did not remove more than 62.0% of NAP. Therefore, because of its good qualities for NAP removal, PETSCA/Fe3+ is recommended as adsorbent material, primarily in small-volume water filtration systems. School of Engineering São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ave. Brasil Sul, Number 56, ZIP Code 15385-000 Brazil University, Street Carolina Fonseca, Number 584, ZIP Code 08230-030 Graduate Program in Process Engineering Tiradentes University, Ave. Murilo Dantas, Number 300, ZIP Code 49032-490 Institute of Technology and Research, Ave. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia Department of Engineering School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University Waste Re-processing Division CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg Department of Botany School of Life Sciences Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) School of Engineering São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ave. Brasil Sul, Number 56, ZIP Code 15385-000

Published
2022

32. Taxon-specific sensitivities to flow intermittence reveal macroinvertebrates as potential bioindicators of intermittent rivers and streams

Author

Rachel Stubbington, Marko Miliša, Núria Cid, Núria Bonada, Djuradj Milošević, Marina Šumanović, Thibault Datry, University of Zagreb, Nottingham Trent University, Riverly (Riverly), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat - Biodiversity Research Institute [Barcelona, Spain] (IRBio UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), and University of Niš

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Environmental Engineering, River ecosystem, Insecta, Biodiversity, Non-perennial river, Self-organizing map, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Chironomidae, Drying river, Flow intermittency, Indicator taxa, Temporary river, Rivers, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Humans, 14. Life underwater, Waste Management and Disposal, Ecosystem, biology, Environmental Biomarkers, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Community structure, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Invertebrates, Taxon, Geography, Habitat, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Bioindicator, Niphargus, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; As complex mosaics of lotic, lentic, and terrestrial habitats, intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES) sup-port high biodiversity. Despite their ecological importance, IRES are poorly represented in routine monitoring programs, but recent recognition of their considerable-and increasing-spatiotemporal extent is motivating ef-forts to better represent IRES in ecological status assessments. We examine response patterns of aquatic macro-invertebrate communities and taxa to flow intermittence (FI) across three European climatic regions. We used self-organizing map (SOM) to ordinate and classify sampling sites based on community structure in regions with continental, Mediterranean and oceanic climates. The SOM passively introduced FI, quantified as the mean annual % flow, and visualized its variability across classified communities, revealing a clear association be-tween community structure and FI in all regions. Indicator species analysis identified taxa indicative of low, inter-mediate and high FI. In the continental region, the amphipod Niphargus was indicative of high FI and was associated with groundwater-fed IRES, whereas indicators of Mediterranean IRES comprised Odonata, Coleop-tera and Heteroptera taxa, which favor lentic conditions. In the oceanic region, taxa indicative of relatively high FI included leuctrid stoneflies anda limnephilid caddisfly, likely reflecting the colonization of IRES by aerial adults from nearby perennial reaches. The Diptera families Chironomidae and Simuliidae showed contrasting FI preferences among regions, reflecting environmental heterogeneity between regions and the coarse taxonomic resolution to which these organisms were identified. These region-specific community and taxon responses of aquatic biota to FI highlight the need to adapt standard biotic indices to enable effective ecological status assessments in IRES.

Published
2022

33. Social alignment matters: Following pandemic guidelines is associated with better wellbeing

Author

Bahar Tuncgenc, Martha Newson, Justin Sulik, Yi Zhao, Guillaume Dezecache, Ophelia Deroy, Marwa El Zein, Nottingham Trent University, University of Oxford, University of Kent [Canterbury], Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LAPSCO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), University of London [London], University College of London [London] (UCL), Max Planck Institute for Human Development, and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Subjects
Social distancing, Adolescent, Wellbeing, Social alignment, Physical Distancing, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, COVID-19, Anxiety, Mental Health, GN, Humans, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Female, Pandemic adherence, Pandemics, Covid-19 lockdown
Abstract

BackgroundIn response to the Covid-19 pandemic, most countries implemented physical distancing measures. Many mental health experts warned that through increasing social isolation and anxiety, these measures could negatively affect psychosocial wellbeing. However, socially aligning with others by adhering to these measures may also be beneficial for wellbeing.MethodsWe examined these two contrasting hypotheses using cross-national survey data (N = 6675) collected fortnightly from participants in 115 countries over 3 months at the beginning of the pandemic. Participants reported their wellbeing, perceptions of how vulnerable they were to Covid-19 (i.e., high risk of infection) and how much they, and others in their social circle and country, were adhering to the distancing measures.ResultsLinear mixed-effects models showed that being a woman, having lower educational attainment, living alone and perceived high vulnerability to Covid-19 were risk factors for poorer wellbeing. Being young (18–25) was associated with lower wellbeing, but longitudinal analyses showed that young people’s wellbeing improved over 3 months. In contrast to widespread views that physical distancing measures negatively affect wellbeing, results showed that following the guidelines was positively associated with wellbeing even for people in high-risk groups.ConclusionsThese findings provide an important counterpart to the idea that pandemic containment measures such as physical distancing negatively impacted wellbeing unequivocally. Despite the overall burden of the pandemic on psychosocial wellbeing, social alignment with others can still contribute to positive wellbeing. The pandemic has manifested our propensity to adapt to challenges, particularly highlighting how social alignment can forge resilience.

Published
2022

34. Biosynthesis of SiO2 nanoparticles using extract of Nerium oleander leaves for the removal of tetracycline antibiotic

Author

El-Houssaine Ablouh, Amal Bouich, Noureddine El Messaoudi, Abdellah Lacherai, Farooq Sher, Mohammed El Khomri, Amane Jada, Eder C. Lima, Ibn Zohr University of Agadir (UIZ), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University [Marocco] (UM6P), Universidad Politecnica de valencia (UPV), Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, and Nottingham Trent University

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, SiO(2) nanoparticles, Tetracycline, medicine.drug_class, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Tetracycline antibiotics, Nanoparticle, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Green synthesis, symbols.namesake, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemical engineering, Adsorption, Biosynthesis, Nerium oleander leaves Extract, medicine, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Response surface methodology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chemistry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Langmuir adsorption model, Adsorption and optimization, General Medicine, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Ionic strength, symbols, 0210 nano-technology, Nuclear chemistry, medicine.drug
Abstract

International audience; Tetracycline (TC) is one of the antibiotics that is found in wastewaters. TC is toxic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic. In this study, the tetracycline was removed from water by adsorption using dioxide silicon nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) biosynthesized from the extract of Nerium oleander leaves. These nanoparticles were characterized using SEM-EDX, BET-BJH, FTIR-ATR, TEM, and XRD. The influences of various factors such as pH solution, SiO2 NPs dose, adsorption process time, initial TC concentration, and ionic strength on adsorption behaviour of TC onto SiO2 NPs were investigated. TC adsorption on SiO2 NPs could be well described in the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and followed the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity was 552.48 mg/g. At optimal conditions, the experimental adsorption results indicated that the SiO2 NPs adsorbed 98.62% of TC. The removal of TC using SiO2 NPs was 99.56% at conditions (SiO2 NPs dose = 0.25 g/L, C0 = 25 mg/L, and t = 40 min) based on Box-Behnken design (BBD) combined with response surface methodology (RSM) modelling. Electrostatic interaction governs the adsorption mechanism is attributed. The reusability of SiO2 NPs was tested, and the performance adsorption was 85.36% after the five cycles. The synthesized SiO2 NPs as promising adsorbent has a potential application for antibiotics removal from wastewaters.

Published
2022

35. Assessment of three decades treated wastewater impact on soil quality in semi-arid agroecosystem

Author

Khaled Ibrahimi, Kmar Ben Attia, Roua Amami, Juliana Heloisa Pinê Américo-Pinheiro, Farooq Sher, University of Sousse, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Brazil University, and Nottingham Trent University

Subjects
Treated wastewater, Sustainable environment, Indexing approach and Fluvisol, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Green agriculture, Indices, Soil quality
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:52:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-01-01 The use of treated wastewater (TWW) for crop irrigation is practiced in many countries worldwide as a strategy to offset water scarcity. Soil quality assessment is required to ensure that the application of this non-conventional irrigation water is sustainable over long periods. A relatively limited number of studies have used soil quality indexing approaches to investigate the impacts of TWW irrigation on soil quality. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impacts of more than three decades of TWW irrigation on Fluvisol in semi-arid agrosystem to develop soil quality indices and evaluate their use as a practical tool to support TWW irrigation management. Overall, a total of 13 key soil attributes, used as soil quality indicators, were monitored in three TWW-irrigated plots and their adjacent non-irrigated control in eastern Tunisia. These selected indicators were used to develop a soil quality index (SQI) based on either a total data set (SQI-TDS) or a minimum data set (SQI-MDS) indexing approach. In comparison to the control, TWW application significantly increased saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) (+740%), saturation percentage (SP) (+20%), aggregate stability (AS) (+64%), field capacity (FC) (+52), electrical conductivity (EC) (+72%), phosphorous (P) (+472%), potassium (K) (+43%), organic matter (OM) (+90%) and basal respiration (BMR) (+117%) and decreased hydrophobicity (−17%), bulk density (BD) (−13%), cone penetration resistance (CPT) (−17%) and pH (−4%). The two developed SQI-TDS and SQI-MDS indices were sensitive to distinguish the impacts of TWW irrigation on soil quality in the study area. In comparison to the control, the TWW-irrigated soils exhibited higher SQI ratings by 42 and 52% based on SQI-MDS and SQI-TDS, respectively. Based on the monitored soil quality indicators in TWW-irrigated and control plots, this study indicates that long-term TWW application improved the overall soil quality and supports SQI-MDS's efficiency in providing an adequate evaluation of soil quality in the study area. Higher Institute of Agricultural Sciences University of Sousse School of Engineering São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ave. Brasil Sul, Number 56, ZIP Code 15385-000, SP Brazil University, Street Carolina Fonseca, Number 584, ZIP Code 08230-030, SP Department of Engineering School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University School of Engineering São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ave. Brasil Sul, Number 56, ZIP Code 15385-000, SP

Published
2022

36. Joint Sparse Learning With Nonlocal and Local Image Priors for Image Error Concealment

Author

Saeid Sanei, Bertrand Granado, Maria Trocan, Ali Akbari, University of Surrey, United Kingdom (University of Surrey, United Kingdom), Institut Supérieur d'Electronique de Paris (ISEP), Nottingham Trent University, Sorbonne Université (SU), Systèmes Electroniques (SYEL), LIP6, and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-AR]Computer Science [cs]/Hardware Architecture [cs.AR], Computer science, business.industry, Stability (learning theory), Pattern recognition, 02 engineering and technology, Iterative reconstruction, Sparse approximation, Image (mathematics), Domain (software engineering), Matrix (mathematics), Prior probability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Media Technology, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Image resolution
Abstract

International audience; Joint sparse representation (JSR) model has recently emerged as a powerful technique with wide variety of applications. In this paper, the JSR model is extended to error concealment (EC) application, being effective to recover the original image from its corrupted version. This model is based on jointly learning a dictionary pair and two mapping matrices that are trained offline from external training images. Given the trained dictionaries and mappings, the restoration is done by transferring the recovery problem into the sparse representation domain with respect to the trained dictionaries, which is further transformed into a common space using the respective mapping matrices. Then, the reconstructed image is obtained by back projection into the spatial domain. In order to improve the accuracy and stability of the proposed JSR-based EC algorithm and avoid unexpected artifacts, the local and non-local priors are seamlessly integrated into the JSR model. The non-local prior is based on the self-similarity within natural images and helps to find an accurate sparse representation by taking a weighted average of similar areas throughout the image. The local prior is based on learning the local structural regularity of the natural images and helps to regularize the sparse representation, exploiting the strong correlation in the small local areas within the image. Compared with the state-of-the-art EC algorithms, the results show that the proposed method has better reconstruction performance in terms of objective and subjective evaluations.

Published
2020

37. A Metacommunity Approach to Improve Biological Assessments in Highly Dynamic Freshwater Ecosystems

Author

Núria Cid, Jani Heino, Thibault Datry, Rachel Stubbington, Janne Soininen, Núria Bonada, Romain Sarremejane, Julie Crabot, Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles, Laboratoire d'hydrodynamique (LadHyX), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Riverly (Riverly), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Barcelona, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Nottingham Trent University, University of Helsinki, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Department of Geosciences and Geography, Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Grup de Recerca 'Freshwater Biology and Management' (FEM), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Natural Environment Centre [Oulu], Freshwater Ecology and Management (FEM), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY), and Datry, Thibault

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Metacommunity, AcademicSubjects/SCI00010, media_common.quotation_subject, Ecology (disciplines), Niche, Ecosistemes, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Freshwater ecosystem, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Canvi climàtic, AcademicSubjects/SOC02100, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, dispersal, media_common, bioassessment, intermittent rivers and streams, Forum, business.industry, Freshwater biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, Biologia d'aigua dolça, Biotic communities, 15. Life on land, Climatic change, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Editor's Choice, [SDV.EE.BIO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, climate change, 13. Climate action, connectivity, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, Threatened species, Conceptual model, Biological dispersal, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, business
Abstract

Rapid shifts in biotic communities due to environmental variability challenge the detection of anthropogenic impacts by current biomonitoring programs. Metacommunity ecology has the potential to inform such programs, because it combines dispersal processes with niche-based approaches and recognizes variability in community composition. Using intermittent rivers—prevalent and highly dynamic ecosystems that sometimes dry—we develop a conceptual model to illustrate how dispersal limitation and flow intermittence influence the performance of biological indices. We produce a methodological framework integrating physical- and organismal-based dispersal measurements into predictive modeling, to inform development of dynamic ecological quality assessments. Such metacommunity-based approaches could be extended to other ecosystems and are required to underpin our capacity to monitor and protect ecosystems threatened under future environmental changes.

Published
2020

38. Human and preclinical studies of the host–gut microbiome co-metabolite hippurate as a marker and mediator of metabolic health

Author

Petros Andrikopoulos, Fatima Djouadi, Lesley Hoyles, Trine Nielsen, Matej Orešič, Karine Clément, Nicolas Pons, Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez, Sofia K. Forslund, Gwen Falony, Francois Brial, Stanislav Dusko Ehrlich, Tuulia Hyötyläinen, Dominique Gauguier, Peer Bork, Marc-Emmanuel Dumas, Michael Olanipekun, Ana Luisa Neves, Jeroen Raes, Julien Chilloux, Jeremy K. Nicholson, Sara Vieira-Silva, Torben Hansen, Emmanuelle Le-chatelier, Aurélie Le Lay, Oluf Pedersen, Ghiwa Ishac Mouawad, Toxicité environnementale, cibles thérapeutiques, signalisation cellulaire (T3S - UMR_S 1124), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Imperial College London, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Nottingham Trent University, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), MetaGenoPolis (MGP (US 1367)), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Max Delbrück Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), Örebro University, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition = Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (IHU ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Heidelberg] (EMBL), King‘s College London, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie [Ghent, Belgique] (VIB), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Metabolic functional (epi)genomics and molecular mechanisms involved in type 2 diabetes and related diseases - UMR 8199 - UMR 1283 (EGENODIA (GI3M)), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-IDEX-0004,ULNE,ULNE(2016), ANR-18-IBHU-0001,PreciDIAB,PreciDIAB Institute, the holistic approach of personal diabets care(2018), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP), Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin [Berlin, Germany] (MDC), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Metabolic functional (epi)genomics and molecular mechanisms involved in type 2 diabetes and related diseases - UMR 8199 - UMR 1283 (GI3M), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Dumas, Marc-Emmanuel, Medical Research Council (MRC), and Commission of the European Communities

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, obesity, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, IMPACT, Denmark, Metabolite, Saturated fat, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], DIVERSITY, intestinal microbiology, Urine, PHENOTYPE, SERUM, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, RICHNESS, Prevotella, Gut Microbiota, colonic microflora, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.MHEP.EM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, biology, Hippurates, Gastroenterology, Biodiversity, Middle Aged, [SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, CATALOG, Phenotype, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Metabolome, Female, Enterotype, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, medicine.medical_specialty, [CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, GENES, glucose metabolism, Context (language use), Carbohydrate metabolism, DIET, 03 medical and health sciences, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Internal medicine, REVEALS, medicine, Animals, Humans, Science & Technology, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 1103 Clinical Sciences, biology.organism_classification, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, chemistry, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, 1114 Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, RAT, Metagenomics, Bacteroides, Biomarkers
Abstract

ObjectiveGut microbial products are involved in regulation of host metabolism. In human and experimental studies, we explored the potential role of hippurate, a hepatic phase 2 conjugation product of microbial benzoate, as a marker and mediator of metabolic health.DesignIn 271 middle-aged non-diabetic Danish individuals, who were stratified on habitual dietary intake, we applied 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of urine samples and shotgun-sequencing-based metagenomics of the gut microbiome to explore links between the urine level of hippurate, measures of the gut microbiome, dietary fat and markers of metabolic health. In mechanistic experiments with chronic subcutaneous infusion of hippurate to high-fat-diet-fed obese mice, we tested for causality between hippurate and metabolic phenotypes.ResultsIn the human study, we showed that urine hippurate positively associates with microbial gene richness and functional modules for microbial benzoate biosynthetic pathways, one of which is less prevalent in the Bacteroides 2 enterotype compared with Ruminococcaceae or Prevotella enterotypes. Through dietary stratification, we identify a subset of study participants consuming a diet rich in saturated fat in which urine hippurate concentration, independently of gene richness, accounts for links with metabolic health. In the high-fat-fed mice experiments, we demonstrate causality through chronic infusion of hippurate (20 nmol/day) resulting in improved glucose tolerance and enhanced insulin secretion.ConclusionOur human and experimental studies show that a high urine hippurate concentration is a general marker of metabolic health, and in the context of obesity induced by high-fat diets, hippurate contributes to metabolic improvements, highlighting its potential as a mediator of metabolic health.

Published
2021

40. An electromyographic assessment pilot study on the reliability of the forearm muscles during multi-planar maximum voluntary contraction grip and wrist articulation in young males

Author

Wing Lam, Henry H. Hunter, Graeme G. Sorbie, Ukadike C. Ugbolue, Tilak Dias, Frédéric Dutheil, Yaodong Gu, Fergal M. Grace, Julien S. Baker, Ningbo University (NBU), University of the West of Scotland (UWS), Abertay University (Abertay University), University of Ballarat [Australie] (FedUni), Li Ning Sports Science Research Center, Li Ning (China) Sports Goods Co. Ltd, Beijing, China, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LAPSCO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Service Santé Travail Environnement [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, WittyFit, Nottingham Trent University, and University of Strathclyde [Glasgow]

Subjects
Male, Wrist Joint, medicine.medical_specialty, Maximum voluntary contraction, Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics, Health Informatics, Bioengineering, Pilot Projects, Wrist, Biomaterials, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Forearm, TA164, Medicine, Humans, Muscle, Skeletal, Young male, Reliability (statistics), Reproducibility, Hand Strength, business.industry, Electromyography, Experimental data, Reproducibility of Results, 030229 sport sciences, medicine.anatomical_structure, business, Articulation (phonetics), 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Information Systems, Muscle Contraction
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Electromyographic systems are widely used in scientific and clinical practice. The reproducibility and reliability of these measures are crucial when conducting scientific research and collecting experimental data. OBJECTIVE: To test the reliability of surface electromyography signals from both the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS) and Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (ECRB) muscles of both the left and right arms during an individual, static multi-planar maximum voluntary contraction handgrip task using the Myon 320 system (Myon AG, Switzerland). METHODS: Eight right-handed male participants performed two maximal handgrip tests in five separate wrist positions using both hands. Muscle activity was recorded from both forearms. Reliability was measured using the Standard Error of Measurement (SEM), Coefficient of Variation (CV) and Intra-class correlation coefficients. Wrist joint position correlations within and between the FDS and ECRB muscle activities were also analysed. RESULTS: Absolute reliability was shown across all positions for both hands with CV and SEM recorded at below 10%. The output measures indicate that the Myon 320 system (Myon AG, Switzerland) produces good to fair reliability when assessing forearm muscle activity. Correlations in the left FDS muscles were negative. Correlations between the left ECRB and left FDS muscles were variable but positive between the right ECRB and right FDS muscles. CONCLUSIONS: The data sets retrieved from all participants were reliably evaluated. Wrist position correlations within and between the FDS and ECRB muscles may have been influenced by hand dominance. The findings demonstrate that the methods and systems outlined in this study can be used reliably in future research.

Published
2021

41. Eye movements of recent and remote autobiographical memories: fewer and longer lasting fixations during the retrieval of childhood memories

Author

Mohamad El Haj, Steve M. J. Janssen, Claire Boutoleau-Bretonnière, Université de Ngaoundéré/University of Ngaoundéré [Cameroun] (UN), Université de Nantes (UN), and Nottingham Trent University

Subjects
Autobiographical memory, Early adolescence, 05 social sciences, Eye movement, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, General Medicine, Late childhood, Late adolescence, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 0302 clinical medicine, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Saccade, Developmental and Educational Psychology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Childhood memory, Early childhood, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

There is an increased interest in the study of eye movements during the retrieval of autobiographical memories. Following this trend, the aim of the current study was to evaluate eye movements during the retrieval of remote and recent autobiographical memories. We instructed 71 participants to retrieve memories of personal events from early childhood (6–10 years), late childhood/early adolescence (11–14 years), late adolescence (15–18 years), and the last month. During the retrieval of these memories, participants wore eye-tracking glasses. Analyses showed that early childhood memories triggered fewer fixations and fixations with longer durations than memories from the last month. However, no significant differences were observed for the number of saccades, saccade durations, or total amplitude of the saccades. The fewer and longer lasting fixations during the retrieval of early childhood memories can be attributed either to the visual system reconstructing remote memories from an observer perspective or to difficulties when reconstructing remote memories.

Published
2021

42. De-Commemoration. Making Sense of Contemporary Calls for Tearing Down Statues and Renaming Places

Author

Gensburger, Sarah, Wustenberg, Jenny, Institut des Sciences sociales du Politique (ISP), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU), and Nottingham Trent University

Subjects
[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, [SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

43. Dominance style is a key predictor of vocal use and evolution across nonhuman primates

Author

Samantha J. Green, Daria Valente, Zarin P. Machanda, Erica van de Waal, Joan B. Silk, Christopher Young, Daniela Hedwig, Klaus Zuberbühler, Oliver Schülke, Lindsey Hagberg, Sally E. Street, Anna Zanoli, Mary S. M. Pavelka, Martha M. Robbins, Martin N. Muller, Chloe Chen-Kraus, Roberta Salmi, Barbara Fruth, Cristina Giacoma, Isaac Schamberg, Michelle Brown, Louise Peckre, Fredy Quintero, Richard W. Wrangham, Andrew J. J. MacIntosh, Shreejata Gupta, Gillian King-Bailey, Felix O. Angwela, Eithne Kavanagh, Stuart Semple, Zanna Clay, Melissa Emery Thompson, Claudia Wilke, Camille Coye, Julia Ostner, Cyril C. Grueter, Marco Gamba, Raffaella Ventura, Margarita Briseño-Jaramillo, Hugh Notman, Sophie Marshall, Jérôme Micheletta, Thore J. Bergman, Bonaventura Majolo, Anna H. Weyher, Megan Petersdorf, Valérie A. M. Schoof, Gabriel Ramos-Fernández, Maryjka B. Blaszczyk, Kirsty E. Graham, Adriano R. Lameira, Morgan L. Gustison, Alban Lemasson, Karim Ouattara, Alejandro Estrada, Laura M. Bolt, David Macgregor Inglis, Peter M. Kappeler, Valeria Torti, Claudia Fichtel, Barbora Kuběnová, Stéphanie Mercier, J. Roberto Sosa-López, Katharine M. Jack, Katie E. Slocombe, University of York [York, UK], Nottingham Trent University, Durham University, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California, Yale University [New Haven], University of Exeter, Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), No funding was provided specifically for the current paper, but funding which supported data collection at field sites is acknowledged in electronic supplementary material, S11., University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution, Mountains of the Moon University, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], German Primate Center - Deutsches Primatenzentrum -- Leibniz Insitute for Primate Research -- [Göttingen, Allemagne] (GPC - DPZ), Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), School of Psychology and Neuroscience [University of St. Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland], The University of Western Australia (UWA), Harvard University, Cornell University [New York], Tulane University, Kyoto University, University of Roehampton, United Kingdom, Tufts University [Medford], University of Lincoln, Université de Neufchätel (UNIME), University of Portsmouth, Athabasca University (AU), Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Cote d'Ivoire [Abidjan] (CSRS-CI), University of Calgary, New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Georgia [USA], Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Instituto Politecnico Nacional [Mexico] (IPN), Abertay University (Abertay University), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), University of Pretoria [South Africa], and University of Lethbridge

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Science, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Key (music), Style (sociolinguistics), social behaviour, [SCCO]Cognitive science, biology.animal, ddc:570, Behavioral and Social Science, dominance style, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Animal communication, Primate, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Research Articles, Sociality, QL, Multidisciplinary, biology, communication, QH, Repertoire, 05 social sciences, DAS, QL Zoology, sociality, vocal, C800 Psychology, vocal, sociality, communication, dominance style, social behaviour, Dominance hierarchy, Dominance (ethology), communication, sociality, social behaviour, dominance style, vocal, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Psychology, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

Animal communication has long been thought to be subject to pressures and constraints associated with social relationships. However, our understanding of how the nature and quality of social relationships relates to the use and evolution of communication is limited by a lack of directly comparable methods across multiple levels of analysis. Here, we analysed observational data from 111 wild groups belonging to 26 non-human primate species, to test how vocal communication relates to dominance style (the strictness with which a dominance hierarchy is enforced, ranging from 'despotic' to 'tolerant'). At the individual-level, we found that dominant individuals who were more tolerant vocalized at a higher rate than their despotic counterparts. This indicates that tolerance within a relationship may place pressure on the dominant partner to communicate more during social interactions. At the species-level, however, despotic species exhibited a larger repertoire of hierarchy-related vocalizations than their tolerant counterparts. Findings suggest primate signals are used and evolve in tandem with the nature of interactions that characterize individuals' social relationships. Publisher PDF

Published
2021

44. Enhanced electric field sensitivity of quantum dot/rod two-photon fluorescence and its relevance for cell transmembrane voltage imaging

Author

Yovan de Coene, Carmen Bartic, Dániel Zámbó, Koen Clays, Tangi Aubert, Thierry Verbiest, Geert Callewaert, Zeger Hens, Dirk Dorfs, Olivier Deschaume, Stijn Jooken, Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics [Leuven], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Chemistry [Leuven], Nottingham Trent University, Leibniz University Hannover, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), and Leibniz Universität Hannover [Hannover] (LUH)

Subjects
two-photon fluorescence, Materials science, QC1-999, RECOMBINATION, Physics::Optics, FLASH SYNTHESIS, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, EVENTS, NANORODS, DESIGN, Electric field, NANOPARTICLES, ABSORPTION, BLINKING, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Semiconductor nanoparticles, Sensitivity (control systems), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, two-photon, DOTS, business.industry, Transmembrane voltage, Physics, voltage sensing, technology, industry, and agriculture, equipment and supplies, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, semiconductor nanoparticle, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Two photon fluorescence, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, electric field, 0104 chemical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Chemistry, NANOCRYSTALS, Quantum dot, Voltage sensing, Optoelectronics, fluorescence, quantum dot/rod, 0210 nano-technology, business, Semiconductor Nanoparticles, Biotechnology
Abstract

The optoelectronic properties of semiconductor nanoparticles make them valuable candidates for the long-term monitoring of transmembrane electric fields in excitable cells. In this work, we show that the electric field sensitivity of the fluorescence intensity of type-I and quasi-type-II quantum dots and quantum rods is enhanced under two-photon excitation compared to single-photon excitation. Based on the superior electric field sensitivity of the two-photon excited fluorescence, we demonstrate the ability of quantum dots and rods to track fast switching E-fields. These findings indicate the potential of semiconductor nanoparticles as cellular voltage probes in multiphoton imaging.

Published
2021

46. Mobile edge computing assisted green scheduling of on-move electric vehicles

Author

Mehrabi, A, Siekkinen, M, Yla-Jaaski, A, Aggarwal, G, Department of Computer Science, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology (HIIT), Nottingham Trent University, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University

Subjects
Optimization, H600, mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP), G400, Base stations, Servers, electric vehicles (EVs), Job shop scheduling, renewable energy, Renewable energy sources, mobile edge computing (MEC), Ancillary services, greedy-based algorithms, Batteries, Cascading style sheets
Abstract

Publisher Copyright: CCBY Mobile edge computing (MEC) has been proposed as a promising solution, which enables the content processing at the edges of the network helping to significantly improve the quality of experience (QoE) of end users. In this article, we aim to utilize the MEC facilities integrated with time-varying renewable energy resources for charging/discharging scheduling known as green scheduling of on-move electric vehicles (EVs) in a geographical wide area comprising of multiple charging stations (CSs). In the proposed system, the charging/discharging demands and the contextual information of EVs are first transmitted to nearby edge servers. With instantaneous electricity load/pricing and the availability of renewable energy at nearby CSs collected by aggregators, a weighted social-welfare maximization problem is then solved at the edges using greedy-based algorithms to choose the best CS for the EV's service. From the system point of view, our results reveal that compared to cloud-based scheme, the proposed MEC-assisted EVs scheduling system significantly improves the complexity burden, boosts the satisfaction (QoE) of EVs' drivers by localizing the traffic at nearby CSs, and further helps to efficiently utilize the renewable energy across CSs. Furthermore, our greedy-based algorithm, which utilizes the internal updating heuristics, outperforms some baseline solutions in terms of social welfare and power grid ancillary services.

Published
2021

47. Measuring and Assessing Typing Skills in Writing Research

Author

Mariëlle Leijten, Jens Roeser, T. Olive, J. Grabowski, L. Van Waes, Universiteit Antwerpen [Antwerpen], Nottingham Trent University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Leibniz University Hannover

Subjects
Linguistics and Language, Literature and Literary Theory, Computer science, computer.software_genre, Keystroke logging, 050105 experimental psychology, Language and Linguistics, Education, Task (project management), Fluency, Psychology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Typing, [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, Reliability (statistics), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Interpretability, Educational sciences, Copying, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Comparability, 050301 education, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Artificial intelligence, business, 0503 education, computer, Natural language processing
Abstract

In keyboard writing, typing skills are considered an important prerequisite of proficient text production. We describe the design, implementation, and application of a standardized copy-typing task in order to measure and assess individual typing fluency. A test-retest analysis indicates the instrument's reliability. While the task has been developed across eleven different languages and the related keyboard layouts, we here refer to a corpus of Dutch copy tasks (n = 1682). Analyses show that copying speed non-linearly varies with age. Bayesian analyses reveal differences in the typing performance and the underlying distributions of inter-key intervals between the different task components (e.g., lexical vs. non-lexical materials; high-frequent vs. low-frequent bigrams). Based on these findings it is strongly recommended to include copy-task measures in the analysis of keystroke logging data in writing studies. This supports a better comparability and interpretability of keystroke data from more complex or communicatively-embedded writing tasks across individuals. Further potential applications of the copy task for writing research are explained and discussed.

Published
2021

48. Electromyographic Assessment of the Lower Leg Muscles during Concentric and Eccentric Phases of Standing Heel Raise

Author

Wing Lam, Yaodong Gu, Ukadike C. Ugbolue, Julien S. Baker, Frédéric Dutheil, Nicholas Sculthorpe, Tilak Dias, Scott C. Wearing, Kerensa Ferguson, Emma L. Yates, Ningbo University (NBU), University of the West of Scotland (UWS), Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), Li Ning Sports Science Research Center, Li Ning (China) Sports Goods Co. Ltd, Beijing, China, Department of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sports University, Shenyang, China, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LAPSCO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Service Santé Travail Environnement [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, WittyFit, and Nottingham Trent University

Subjects
standing heel raise, Heel, Leadership and Management, lcsh:Medicine, Health Informatics, Electromyography, MVC, heel rise, concentric muscle action, eccentric muscle action, Concentric, Article, Leg muscle, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Health Information Management, Muscle action, medicine, Peroneus longus, Eccentric, 10. No inequality, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Health Policy, lcsh:R, 030229 sport sciences, Anatomy, body regions, medicine.anatomical_structure, Peroneus brevis, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

International audience; Only a small number of muscle activation patterns from lower limbs have been reported and simultaneous muscle activation from several lower limb muscles have not yet been investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine any gender differences in surface electromyography (EMG) activity from six recorded lower limb muscles of the dominant limb at baseline (i.e., with the foot placed flat on the floor and in the neutral position), and during concentric and eccentric phases when performing a heel raise task. In total, 10 females and 10 males performed a standing heel raise task comprising of three continuous phases: baseline, unloading (concentric muscle action), and loading (eccentric muscle action) phases. Muscle activation from six muscles (gastrocnemius medialis, gastrocnemius lateralis, soleus, tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, and peroneus brevis) were measured using the Myon 320 EMG System. Root mean squared values of each muscle were calculated for each phase. Descriptive and inferential statistics were incorporated into the study. Statistically significant p values were set at 0.05. The results showed no significant differences between baseline, concentric, and eccentric phases with respect to each of the muscles investigated. Except for the gastrocnemius medialis at baseline and concentric phases, no significant differences were observed between genders or contractions. The data suggests that gender does not significantly influence the eccentric phase during the standing heel raise task.

Published
2021

49. Amnesia in your pupils: decreased pupil size during autobiographical retrieval in a case of retrograde amnesia

Author

Mohamad El Haj, Claire Boutoleau-Bretonnière, Steve M. J. Janssen, Estelle Lamy, Université de Nantes (UN), and Nottingham Trent University

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Amnesia, Audiology, behavioral disciplines and activities, 050105 experimental psychology, Pupil, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), mental disorders, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Autobiographical memory, 05 social sciences, Pupil size, Retrograde amnesia, medicine.disease, nervous system diseases, behavior and behavior mechanisms, Amnesia, Retrograde, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, Psychology, psychological phenomena and processes, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Pupillometry
Abstract

We investigate whether retrograde-amnesia can be indexed with pupil activity. We present the case of L, 19-year-old, without neurological or psychiatric disorders except for retrograde-amnesia. We invited L to retrieve retrograde and anterograde memories while his pupil size was monitering with eye-tracking glasses. Results demonstrated impaired retrograde retrieval but successful anterograde retrieval in L. He also attributed lower emotional value and visual imagery to his retrograde compared to his anterograde memories. Critically, smaller pupils were observed during retrograde than during anterograde retrieval. Our study provides the first evidence on the value of pupillometry as a potential physiological marker of amnesia.

Published
2021

50. Studying animal innovation at the individual level: a ratings-based assessment in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus [Cebus] sp.)

Author

Annika Paukner, F. Blake Morton, Phyllis C. Lee, Bernard Thierry, Jennifer L. Essler, Hannah M. Buchanan-Smith, Sarah F. Brosnan, Christopher Steven Marcum, University of Hull [United Kingdom], University of Stirling, Georgia State University, University System of Georgia (USG), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Nottingham Trent University, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], and National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)

Subjects
Behavior, Animal, biology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Individuality, Brown capuchin, Test validity, Evolutionary psychology, Developmental psychology, Likert scale, Social group, Sapajus, biology.animal, Animals, Cebus, Animal cognition, Observational study, Psychology (miscellaneous), Social Behavior, Psychology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Sociality
Abstract

Large-scale studies of individual differences in animal innovation are rare firstly because discovery behaviour itself is often rare, and secondly because of logistical difficulties associated with obtaining observational data on a large number of innovative individuals across multiple groups and locations. Here we take a different approach, using observer ratings to study innovative behaviour in 127 brown capuchin monkeys (Sapajus [Cebus] sp.) from 15 social groups and 7 facilities. Capuchins were reliably rated by 1 to 7 raters (mean 3.2 ± 1.6 raters/monkey) on a 7-point Likert scale for levels of innovative behaviour, task motivation, sociality, and dominance. In a subsample, we demonstrate these ratings are valid: rated innovation predicted performance on a learning task, rated motivation predicted participation in the task, rated dominance predicted social rank based on win/loss aggressive outcomes, and rated sociality predicted the time that monkeys spent in close proximity to others. Across all 127 capuchins, individuals that were rated as being more innovated were significantly younger, more social, and more motivated to engage in tasks. Sociality, task motivation, and age all had independent effects on innovativeness, whereas sex, dominance and group size were non-significant. Our findings are consistent with long-term behavioural observations of innovation in wild white-faced capuchins. Observer ratings may therefore be a valid tool for studies of animal innovation, and our findings highlight in particular several possible scenarios through which innovative behaviour might be selected for among capuchins.

Published
2021

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