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91 results on '"Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute"'

1. An increase in food production in Europe could dramatically affect farmland biodiversity

Author: Philippe Pointereau, Zoltán Elek, Tiziano Gomiero, Sebastian Wolfrum, Wendy Jane Fjellstad, Gergely Jerkovich, Jean-Pierre Sarthou, Mario Díaz, Pippa Gillingham, Manuel K. Schneider, Michaela Arndorfer, Jean-Philippe Choisis, Juri Nascimbene, Katalin Balázs, Peter Dennis, Sebastian Eiter, Philippe Jeanneret, Daniele Sommaggio, Rob H. G. Jongman, Thomas Frank, Anikó Kovács-Hostyánszki, Gerardo Moreno, Norman Siebrecht, Marie-Louise Oschatz, Jürgen K. Friedel, Max Kainz, Felix Herzog, Maurizio G. Paoletti, András Báldi, Debra Bailey, Gisela Lüscher, Ilse R. Geijzendorffer, European Commission, Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (Austria), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Agroscope, University of Applied Science Schmalkalden, SOLAGRO, Arche Noah, University Natural Resources and Life, Department of Radiation Medicine, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), University of Extremadura, University of Bologna, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), European Commission 227161, Austrian Ministry for Science and Research, Lendulet program of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Association Solagro (Solagro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-Aberystwyth University, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Universidad de Extremadura - University of Extremadura (UEX), University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Jeanneret, Philippe, Lüscher, Gisela, Schneider, Manuel K., Pointereau, Philippe, Arndorfer, Michaela, Bailey, Debra, Balázs, Katalin, Báldi, Andrá, Choisis, Jean-Philippe, Dennis, Peter, Diaz, Mario, Eiter, Sebastian, Elek, Zoltán, Fjellstad, Wendy, Frank, Thoma, Friedel, Jürgen K., Geijzendorffer, Ilse R., Gillingham, Pippa, Gomiero, Tiziano, Jerkovich, Gergely, Jongman, Rob H. G., Kainz, Max, Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó, Moreno, Gerardo, Nascimbene, Juri, Oschatz, Marie-Louise, Paoletti, Maurizio G., Sarthou, Jean-Pierre, Siebrecht, Norman, Sommaggio, Daniele, Wolfrum, Sebastian, and Herzog, Felix
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, RAREFACTION, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, DEMAND, CONSERVATION, Biodiversity, DIVERSITY, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Biodiversity and Policy, Permanent crop, SUSTAINABILITY, Agricultural land, Biodiversiteit en Beleid, MANAGEMENT, Life Science, GE1-350, Agricultural productivity, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, biodiversity, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, QE1-996.5, Land use, LANDSCAPE, Agroforestry, business.industry, INTENSITY, INTENSIFICATION, EXTRAPOLATION, Geology, 15. Life on land, Environmental sciences, Habitat destruction, Geography, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Arable land, business
Abstract: Conversion of semi-natural habitats, such as field margins, fallows, hedgerows, grassland, woodlots and forests, to agricultural land could increase agricultural production and help meet rising global food demand. Yet, the extent to which such habitat loss would impact biodiversity and wild species is unknown. Here we survey species richness for four taxa (vascular plants, earthworms, spiders, wild bees) and agricultural yield across a range of arable, grassland, mixed, horticulture, permanent crop, for organic and non-organic agricultural land on 169 farms across 10 European regions. We find that semi-natural habitats currently constitute 23% of land area with 49% of species unique to these habitats. We estimate that conversion of semi-natural land that achieves a 10% increase in agricultural production will have the greatest impact on biodiversity in arable systems and the least impact in grassland systems, with organic practices having better species retention than nonorganic practices., This work was funded by the European Union through FP7 project BioBio (Indicators for biodiversity in organic and low-input farming systems; www.biobio-indicator.org; Agreement Nr. 227161), by the Austrian Ministry for Science and Research, and by the Lendület program of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
Published: 2021
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2. Comparative multilocus phylogeography of two Palaearctic spruce bark beetles: influence of contrasting ecological strategies on genetic variation

Author: Coralie Bertheau, Anna Cassel-Lundhagen, Natalia Kirichenko, Patrick Mardulyn, Bjørn Økland, Jean-Claude Grégoire, Laurent Grumiau, Frédéric B. Piel, François Mayer, Lutte biologique et Ecologie spatiale ( LUBIES ), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] ( ULB ) -Ecole Interfacultaire de Bioingénieurs, Evolutionary Ecology of Infectious Disease Group, Department of Zoology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, CP 160/12, Universite' Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium, The Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Institute of Forest Ecology, Universität für Bodenkultur ( BOKU ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Lutte biologique et Ecologie spatiale (LUBIES), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Ecole Interfacultaire de Bioingénieurs, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Institute of Forest Ecology, Universität für Bodenkultur (BOKU), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and Belgian Fund for Scientific Research (F.R.S.-FNRS) [grant FRFC 2.4.554.09 F]
Subjects: Modes of reproduction, comparative phylogeography, Allopatric speciation, Biology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, DNA, Mitochondrial, nuclear marker, Life history theory, Ips typographus, Genetic variation, Genetics, Animals, Picea, life history traits, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Dendroctonus micans, Ecology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Genetic Variation, Sequence Analysis, DNA, 15. Life on land, Coleoptera, Phylogeography, Genetics, Population, [ SDV.BID.EVO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Haplotypes, Genetic structure, Biological dispersal, Inbreeding, [ SDV.BID.SPT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy
Abstract: While phylogeographic patterns of organisms are often interpreted through past environmental disturbances, mediated by climate changes, and geographic barriers, they may also be strongly influenced by species-specific traits. To investigate the impact of such traits, we focused on two Eurasian spruce bark beetles that share a similar geographical distribution, but differ in their ecology and reproduction. Ips typographus is an aggressive tree-killing species characterized by strong dispersal, whereas Dendroctonus micans is a discrete inbreeding species (sib-mating is the rule), parasite of living trees and a poor disperser. We compared genetic variation between the two species over both beetles' entire range in Eurasia with five independent gene fragments, to evaluate whether their intrinsic differences could have an influence over their phylogeographic patterns. We highlighted widely divergent patterns of genetic variation for the two species, and argue that the difference is indeed largely compatible with their contrasting dispersal strategies and modes of reproduction. In addition, genetic structure in I. typographus divides European populations in a northern and a southern group, as was previously observed for its host plant, and suggests past allopatric divergence. A long divergence time was estimated between East Asian and other populations of both species, indicating their long-standing presence in Eurasia, prior to the last glacial maximum. Finally, the strong population structure observed in D. micans for the mitochondrial locus provides insights into the recent colonization history of this species, from its native European range to regions where it was recently introduced. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2015
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3. Characterization factors for land use impacts on biodiversity in life cycle assessment based on direct measures of plant species richness in European farmland in the ‘Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forest’ biome

Author: Felix Herzog, Jean-Pierre Sarthou, Jürgen K. Friedel, John E. Hermansen, Wendy Jane Fjellstad, Sebastian Wolfrum, Peter Dennis, Christel Cederberg, Philippe Jeanneret, Marie Trydeman Knudsen, Max Kainz, Katalin Balázs, J. E. Vale, Dept of Agroecology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Chalmers University of Technology [Gothenburg, Sweden], Agroscope, Aberystwyth University, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Institute of Environmental and Landscape Management, Szent István University, Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, and Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM)
Subjects: Conservation of Natural Resources, Farms, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate Change, Biome, organic agriculture, Biodiversity, Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest, biodiversity damage potential, Forests, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, conventional farming, life cycle assessment, Agricultural land, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Land use, Agroforestry, Species diversity, Agriculture, 15. Life on land, Pollution, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Europe, 13. Climate action, Species richness, Arable land, potentially disappeared fraction of species, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, general habitat categories
Abstract: International audience; Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a widely used tool to assess environmental sustainability of products. The LCA should optimally cover the most important environmental impact categories such as climate change, eutrophication and biodiversity. However, impacts on biodiversity are seldom included in LCAs due to methodological limitations and lack of appropriate characterization factors. When assessing organic agricultural products the omission of biodiversity in LCA is problematic, because organic systems are characterized by higher species richness at field level compared to the conventional systems. Thus, there is a need for characterization factors to estimate land use impacts on biodiversity in life cycle assessment that are able to distinguish between organic and conventional agricultural land use that can be used to supplement and validate the few currently suggested characterization factors. Based on a unique dataset derived from field recording of plant species diversity in farmland across six European countries, the present study provides new midpoint occupation Characterization Factors (CF) expressing the Potentially Disappeared Fraction (PDF) to estimate land use impacts on biodiversity in the 'Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forest' biome in Europe. The method is based on calculation of plant species on randomly selected test sites in the biome and enables the calculation of characterization factors that are sensitive to particular types of management. While species richness differs between countries, the calculated CFs are able to distinguish between different land use types (pastures (monocotyledons or mixed), arable land and hedges) and management practices (organic or conventional production systems) across countries. The new occupation CFs can be used to supplement or validate the few current CF's and can be applied in LCAs of agricultural products to assess land use impacts on species richness in the 'Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forest' biome.
Published: 2017
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4. The role of forest genetic resources in responding to biotic and abiotic factors in the context of anthropogenic climate change

Author: Tore Skrøppa, Judy Loo, Roberto Lindig-Cisneros, Barbara Vinceti, Ian K. Dawson, Cuauhtémoc Sáenz-Romero, Bruno Fady, Giovanni G. Vendramin, Richard A. Fleming, Trevor Q. Murdock, René I. Alfaro, Carlos Navarro, Yousry A. El-Kassaby, Giulia Baldinelli, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), World Agroforestry Centre, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMICH), Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Bioversity International [Montpellier], Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Azuero Earth Project, Partenaires INRAE, Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, University of London, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, and University of British Columbia (UBC)
Subjects: arbre forestier, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Climate change, Context (language use), Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Natural disturbances, ressource génétique végétale, Tree genetic variation, Adaptation, Nature and Landscape Conservation, 2. Zero hunger, Abiotic component, Phenotypic plasticity, changement climatique, business.industry, Ecology, Global warming, Environmental resource management, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Forest genetic resources, Geography, Habitat, 13. Climate action, adaptation au changement climatique, business
Abstract: International audience; The current distribution of forest genetic resources on Earth is the result of a combination of natural processes and human actions. Over time, tree populations have become adapted to their habitats including the local ecological disturbances they face. As the planet enters a phase of human-induced climate change of unprecedented speed and magnitude, however, previously locally-adapted populations are rendered less suitable for new conditions, and 'natural' biotic and abiotic disturbances are taken outside their historic distribution, frequency and intensity ranges. Tree populations rely on phenotypic plasticity to survive in extant locations, on genetic adaptation to modify their local phenotypic optimum or on migration to new suitable environmental conditions. The rate of required change, however, may outpace the ability to respond, and tree species and populations may become locally extinct after specific, but as yet unknown and unquantified, tipping points are reached. Here, we review the importance of forest genetic resources as a source of evolutionary potential for adaptation to changes in climate and other ecological factors. We particularly consider climate-related responses in the context of linkages to disturbances such as pests, diseases and fire, and associated feedback loops. The importance of management strategies to conserve evolutionary potential is emphasised and recommendations for policy-makers are provided.
Published: 2014
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5. Translating conservation genetics into management: Pan-European minimum requirements for dynamic conservation units of forest tree genetic diversity

Author: Peter Rotach, Oudara Souvannavong, Lorenzo Vietto, Hojka Kraigher, Sándor Bordács, François Lefèvre, Silvio Schueler, Alexis Ducousso, Jason Hubert, Bjerne Ditlevsen, Ditte Christina Olrik, Roman Longauer, Tor Myking, Berthold Heinze, Michele Bozzano, Georg von Wühlisch, Paraskevi Alizoti, Jarkko Koskela, Thröstur Eysteinsson, Leena Yrjänä, Bart De Cuyper, Bruno Fady, Bioversity International [Montpellier], Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests Natural Hazards and Landscape, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ministry of the Danish Environment, Partenaires INRAE, Forestry Research, Northern Research Station, National Forest Centre - Národné lesnícke centrum [Zvolen], Finnish Forest Research Institute, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Agricultural Research Council (CRA), Central Agricultural Office, Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Forest Service, Food and Agriculture Organization, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), European Commission under Council Regulation (EC) No. 870/2004 (EUFGIS action, Contract No. AGRI-2006-0261), EUFORGEN Programme, and Koskela, Jarkko
Subjects: ressource forestière, chloroplaste adn, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 0106 biological sciences, Conservation genetics, arbre forestier, Distribution (economics), Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Unit (housing), adaptation au milieu, ressource génétique végétale, Regeneration (ecology), FORESTRY, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, changement climatique, Genetic diversity, conservation génétique, business.industry, Population size, Environmental resource management, in situ, gestion des ressources forestières, ressources génétiques forestières, 15. Life on land, Forest genetic resources, conservation de gènes, Agricultural sciences, Tree (data structure), adaptation locale, diversité génétique, conservation des ressources génétiques, europe, business, picea abies, Sciences agricoles, gestion génétique, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; This paper provides a review of theoretical and practical aspects related to genetic management of forest trees. The implementation of international commitments on forest genetic diversity has been slow and partly neglected. Conservation of forest genetic diversity is still riddled with problems, and complexities of national legal and administrative structures. Europe is an example of a complex region where the dis- tribution ranges of tree species extend across large geographical areas with profound environmental dif- ferences, and include many countries. Conservation of forest genetic diversity in Europe has been hampered by a lack of common understanding on the management requirements for genetic conserva- tion units of forest trees. The challenge resides in integrating scientific knowledge on conservation genet- ics into management of tree populations so that recommendations are feasible to implement across different countries. Here, we present pan-European minimum requirements for dynamic conservation units of forest genetic diversity. The units are natural or man-made tree populations which are managed for maintaining evolutionary processes and adaptive potential across generations. Each unit should have a designated status and a management plan, and one or more tree species recognized as target species for genetic conservation. The minimum sizes of the units are set at 500, 50 or 15 reproducing individuals depending on tree species and conservation objectives. Furthermore, silvicultural interventions should be allowed to enhance genetic processes, as needed, and field inventories carried out to monitor regen- eration and the population size. These minimum requirements are now used by 36 countries to improve management of forest genetic diversity.
Published: 2013
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6. Chronology of hydraulic vulnerability in trunk wood of conifer trees with and without symptoms of top dieback

Author: Isabella Børja, Svein Øivind Solberg, Sabine Rosner, Saskia Luss, Jan Světlík, Robert Evans, Ole Einar Tveito, Lise Dalsgaard, Kjell Andreassen, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), and JPH, Editor
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Drought stress, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Karst, 01 natural sciences, Trunk, Water deficit, Geography, Evapotranspiration, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, 010606 plant biology & botany, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chronology
Abstract: International audience; There is evidence that recently occurring top dieback of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees in southern Norway is associated with drought stress. We compared functional wood traits of 20 healthy looking trees and 20 trees with visual signs of top dieback. SilviScan technology was applied to measure cell dimensions (lumen and cell wall thickness) in a selected set of trunk wood specimens where vulnerability to cavitation (P 50) data were available. The conduit wall reinforcement ((t/b)²) was a good proxy for P 50. Cell dimensions were measured on wood cores of all 40 trees; theoretical vulnerability of single annual rings could be thus estimated. Declining trees tended to have lower (t/b)² before and during a period of water deficit (difference between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration) that lasted from 2004 to 2006. The results are discussed with respect to genetic predisposition. Introduction In southern Norway, recently occurring top dieback in 40-50 years old forest stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) is thought to be associated with climatic extremes (Hentschel et al. 2014). In this region, the period between 2004 and 2006 was characterized by high water deficits during the growing season, estimated as the difference between the cumulative precipitation and the potential evapotranspiration (see Fig 1 in Hentschel et al. 2014). During this period, trees with symptoms of top dieback (Fig. 1) showed lower intrinsic water-use efficiency that is associated with increased stomatal conductance (Hentschel et al. 2014) and produced wood with lower density, indicating higher vulnerability to cavitation (Rosner et al. 2014). Functional traits for estimating hydraulic vulnerability gain increasing importance as screening tools because hydraulic experiments are labour intensive or prone to errors (Cochard et al. 2013). In this study, we extend an existing dataset (Rosner et al. 2014) with tree samples and derive functional traits for hydraulic vulnerability from tracheid dimensions assessed by SilviScan technology (Evans 1994). Thereafter we document how these proxies changed over the years in 20 healthy looking and in 20 declining trees in order to learn more about the predisposing factors for top dieback in Norway spruce in southern Norway.
Published: 2016

7. Farmland biodiversity and agricultural management on 237 farms in 13 European and two African regions

Author: Gisela Lüscher, Youssef Ammari, Aljona Andriets, Siyka Angelova, Michaela Arndorfer, Debra Bailey, Katalin Balázs, Marion Bogers, Robert G. H. Bunce, Jean-Philippe Choisis, Peter Dennis, Mario Díaz, Tetyana Dyman, Sebastian Eiter, Wendy Fjellstad, Mariecia Fraser, Jürgen K. Friedel, Salah Garchi, Ilse R. Geijzendorffer, Tiziano Gomiero, Guillermo González-Bornay, Yana Guteva, Felix Herzog, Philippe Jeanneret, Rob H. G. Jongman, Max Kainz, Norman Kwikiriza, María Lourdes López Díaz, Gerardo Moreno, Pip Nicholas-Davies, Charles Nkwiine, Julius Opio, Maurizio G. Paoletti, László Podmaniczky, Philippe Pointereau, Fernando Pulido, Jean-Pierre Sarthou, Manuel K. Schneider, Tahar Sghaier, Norman Siebrecht, Siyka Stoyanova, Sebastian Wolfrum, Sergiy Yashchenko, Harald Albrecht, András Báldi, Márta Belényesi, Jacinto Benhadi-Marin, Theo Blick, Serge Buholzer, Csaba Centeri, Norma Choisis, Gérard Cuendet, Hendrika J. De Lange, Sylvain Déjean, Christo Deltshev, Darío J. Díaz Cosín, Wenche Dramstad, Zoltán Elek, Gunnar Engan, Konstantin Evtushenko, Eszter Falusi, Oliver-D. Finch, Thomas Frank, Federico Gavinelli, David Genoud, Phillipa K. Gillingham, Viktor Grónás, Mónica Gutiérrez, Werner Häusler, Xaver Heer, Thomas Hübner, Marco Isaia, Gergely Jerkovich, Juan B. Jesus, Esezah Kakudidi, Eszter Kelemen, Nóra Koncz, Eszter Kovacs, Anikó Kovács-Hostyánszki, Luisa Last, Toshko Ljubomirov, Klaus Mandery, Josef Mayr, Atle Mjelde, Christoph Muster, Juri Nascimbene, Johann Neumayer, Frode Ødegaard, Francisco Javier Ortiz Sánchez, Marie-Louise Oschatz, Susanne Papaja-Hülsbergen, Mauro Paschetta, Mark Pavett, Céline Pelosi, Károly Penksza, Reidun Pommeresche, Victor Popov, Volodymyr Radchenko, Nina Richner, Susanne Riedel, John Scullion, Daniele Sommaggio, Ottó Szalkovszki, Erich Szerencsits, Dolores Trigo, Jim Vale, Ruud van Kats, Angel Vasilev, Andrew E. Whittington, Jerylee Wilkes-Allemann, Tommaso Zanetti, Institute for Sustainability Sciences ISS, Agroscope, Institute of Evolutionary Biology & Environmental Sciences, University of Zurich, Institut National de Recherche en Génie Rural, Eaux et Forêts de Tunisie (INRGREF), Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Institute of Plant Genetic Resources K.Malkov, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Institute of Environmental and Landscape Management, Szent István University, Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Universidad de Oviedo, Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Independent, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), University of Padova, Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Technische Universitat Munchen, Makerere University Kampala (MUK), University of Extremadura, Department of Soil Science, Department of Biology, University of Washington [Seattle], Institute of Environmental & Landscape Management, Szent Istvan University, SOLAGRO, UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Senckenberg Research Institute, Chercheur indépendant, Institut de Génie de l'environnement EPFL, Université de Lausanne, Conservatoire Régional des Espaces Naturels Midi-Pyrénées (CREN Midi-Pyrénées), Universidad Complutense de Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Alterra Green World Research (ALTERRA), nstitute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Science, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Tänikon Research Station ART, UE, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Institut National de Recherche en Génie Rural Eaux et Forêts (INRGREF), Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural, des Eaux et des Forêts (ENGREF)-Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles [Tunis] (IRESA), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-Aberystwyth University, Universidad de Oviedo [Oviedo], Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Association Solagro (Solagro), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Lüscher, Gisela, Ammari, Youssef, Andriets, Aljona, Angelova, Siyka, Arndorfer, Michaela, Bailey, Debra, Balázs, Katalin, Bogers, Marion, Bunce, Robert G H, Choisis, Jean-Philippe, Dennis, Peter, Díaz, Mario, Dyman, Tetyana, Eiter, Sebastian, Fjellstad, Wendy, Fraser, Mariecia, Friedel, Jürgen K, Garchi, Salah, Geijzendorffer, Ilse R, Gomiero, Tiziano, González-Bornay, Guillermo, Guteva, Yana, Herzog, Felix, Jeanneret, Philippe, Jongman, Rob H G, Kainz, Max, Kwikiriza, Norman, López Díaz, María Lourde, Moreno, Gerardo, Nicholas-Davies, Pip, Nkwiine, Charle, Opio, Juliu, Paoletti, Maurizio G, Podmaniczky, László, Pointereau, Philippe, Pulido, Fernando, Sarthou, Jean-Pierre, Schneider, Manuel K, Sghaier, Tahar, Siebrecht, Norman, Stoyanova, Siyka, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Yashchenko, Sergiy, Albrecht, Harald, Báldi, Andrá, Belényesi, Márta, Benhadi-Marin, Jacinto, Blick, Theo, Buholzer, Serge, Centeri, Csaba, Choisis, Norma, Cuendet, Gérard, De Lange, Hendrika J, Déjean, Sylvain, Deltshev, Christo, Díaz Cosín, Darío J, Dramstad, Wenche, Elek, Zoltán, Engan, Gunnar, Evtushenko, Konstantin, Falusi, Eszter, Finch, Oliver-D, Frank, Thoma, Gavinelli, Federico, Genoud, David, Gillingham, Phillipa K, Grónás, Viktor, Gutiérrez, Mónica, Häusler, Werner, Heer, Xaver, Hübner, Thoma, Isaia, Marco, Jerkovich, Gergely, Jesus, Juan B, Kakudidi, Esezah, Kelemen, Eszter, Koncz, Nóra, Kovacs, Eszter, Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó, Last, Luisa, Ljubomirov, Toshko, Mandery, Klau, Mayr, Josef, Mjelde, Atle, Muster, Christoph, Nascimbene, Juri, Neumayer, Johann, Ødegaard, Frode, Ortiz Sánchez, Francisco Javier, Oschatz, Marie-Louise, Papaja-Hülsbergen, Susanne, Paschetta, Mauro, Pavett, Mark, Pelosi, Céline, Penksza, Károly, Pommeresche, Reidun, Popov, Victor, Radchenko, Volodymyr, Richner, Nina, Riedel, Susanne, Scullion, John, Sommaggio, Daniele, Szalkovszki, Ottó, Szerencsits, Erich, Trigo, Dolore, Vale, Jim, van Kats, Ruud, Vasilev, Angel, Whittington, Andrew E, Wilkes-Allemann, Jerylee, and Zanetti, Tommaso
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Vascular plant, habitat diversity, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biobio, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversity, 01 natural sciences, Permanent crop, Biodiversiteit en Beleid, Uganda, earthworm, spider, 2. Zero hunger, Agroforestry, Ecology, vascular plant, Agriculture, Bees, Habitat diversity, Grassland, Europe, Geography, Dierecologie, Animal Ecology, Arable land, BioBio, Environmental Monitoring, Crops, Agricultural, Farms, Tunisia, arable crop, agricultural management, education, Tunesia, Biodiversity and Policy, 010603 evolutionary biology, Agricultural management, uganda, bee, grassland, permanent crop, Animals, Spider, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Farm enterprise, WIMEK, business.industry, Species diversity, 15. Life on land, tunisia, Animal ecology, Earthworm, Arable crop, Africa, Agricultural biodiversity, business
Abstract: Farmland is a major land cover type in Europe and Africa and provides habitat for numerous species. The severe decline in farmland biodiversity of the last decades has been attributed to changes in farming practices, and organic and low-input farming are assumed to mitigate detrimental effects of agricultural intensification on biodiversity. Since the farm enterprise is the primary unit of agricultural decision making, management-related effects at the field scale need to be assessed at the farm level. Therefore, in this study, data were collected on habitat characteristics, vascular plant, earthworm, spider, and bee communities and on the corresponding agricultural management in 237 farms in 13 European and two African regions. In 15 environmental and agricultural homogeneous regions, 6-20 farms with the same farm type (e.g., arable crops, grassland, or specific permanent crops) were selected. If available, an equal number of organic and non-organic farms were randomly selected. Alternatively, farms were sampled along a gradient of management intensity. For all selected farms, the entire farmed area was mapped, which resulted in total in the mapping of 11 338 units attributed to 194 standardized habitat types, provided together with additional descriptors. On each farm, one site per available habitat type was randomly selected for species diversity investigations. Species were sampled on 2115 sites and identified to the species level by expert taxonomists. Species lists and abundance estimates are provided for each site and sampling date (one date for plants and earthworms, three dates for spiders and bees). In addition, farmers provided information about their management practices in face-to-face interviews following a standardized questionnaire. Farm management indicators for each farm are available (e.g., nitrogen input, pesticide applications, or energy input). Analyses revealed a positive effect of unproductive areas and a negative effect of intensive management on biodiversity. Communities of the four taxonomic groups strongly differed in their response to habitat characteristics, agricultural management, and regional circumstances. The data has potential for further insights into interactions of farmland biodiversity and agricultural management at site, farm, and regional scale.
Published: 2016
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8. Trade-offs between biodiversity conservation and food production across contrasting farmland regions in Europe

Author: Jeanneret, Philippe, Lüscher, Gisela, Arndorfer, Michaela, Bailey, Debra, Balázs, Katalin, Báldi, András, Choisis, Jean Philippe, Dennis, Peter, Eiter, Sebastian, Fjellstad, Wendy, ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Agroscope, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Szent István University, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Aberystwyth University, Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP)
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract: Trade-offs between biodiversity conservation and food production across contrasting farmland regions in Europe. 5. International EcoSummit 2016. Ecological Sustainability: Engineering Change
Published: 2016

9. La localisation géographique a un effet majeur sur la faune et la flore des prairies permanentes en Europe

Author: Lüscher, Gisela, Jeanneret, Philippe, Schneider, M.K., Hector, Andy, Arndorfer, Michaela, Balazs, Katalin, Baldi, Andras, Bailey, Debra, Choisis, Jean Philippe, Dennis, Peter, Eiter, Sebastian, Elek, Zoltán, Fjellstad, Wendy, Gillingham, Phillipa K., Kainz, Max, Kovacs-Hostyanszki, Aniko, Hülsbergen, Kurt Jürgen, Paoletti, Maurizio Guido, Papaja-Huelsbergen, Susanne, Sarthou, Jean-Pierre, Siebrecht, Norman, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Herzog, Felix, Agroscope, Forage production and grassland systems, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford [Oxford], Arche Noah, Institute of Nature Conservation and Landscape Management, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Independent, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Department of Biology, Universita degli Studi di Padova, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, UAR 1171 Soutien aux Projets Européens, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ProdInra, Migration, and Soutien aux Projets Européens (UAR SPE)
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2015

10. Variability in water vapour sorption isotherm in Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi Lamb.) – earlywood and latewood influences

Author: James Ramsay, Barry Gardiner, Callum A. S. Hill, Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Bangor University, JCH Industrial Ecology Limited, Partenaires INRAE, Highfield Forestry Limited, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, earlywood, water vapour sorption, 010608 biotechnology, microfibril angle, General Materials Science, Composite material, 040101 forestry, density, biology, Chemistry, isotherm, Forestry, Sorption, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Larix kaempferi, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Pith, latewood, Sorption isotherm, Larch, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Water vapor
Abstract: International audience; The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the earlywood and latewood of different annual rings of kiln dried Japanese larch wood upon the water vapour sorption properties. Samples of earlywood and latewood from different lateral positions in the tree at 1·5 m height were exposed to water vapour over a range of different relative humidities to obtain sorption isotherms. A difference was found between the behavior of the earlywood and latewood and this became more pronounced as the distance from the pith increased. The results indicated that there was residual water trapped in the cell wall of the latewood of the more recent annual rings after the first drying curve was completed. However, when the latewood was exposed to a second sorption cycle much of the residual trapped water was no longer present. Nonetheless, there were still differences in the EMC between the earlywood and latewood.
Published: 2015
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11. Strikingly high effect of geographic location on fauna and flora of European agricultural grasslands

Author: Anikó Kovács-Hostyánszki, Sebastian Eiter, Kurt-Jürgen Hülsbergen, Andy Hector, Philippe Jeanneret, Gisela Lüscher, Susanne Papaja-Hülsbergen, Michaela Arndorfer, Peter Dennis, Jean-Pierre Sarthou, Phillipa K. Gillingham, Manuel K. Schneider, Sebastian Wolfrum, András Báldi, Wendy Jane Fjellstad, Maximilian Kainz, Debra Bailey, Felix Herzog, Zoltán Elek, Jean-Philippe Choisis, Norman Siebrecht, Katalin Balázs, Maurizio G. Paoletti, Institute for Sustainability Sciences ISS, Agroscope, Institute of Evolutionary Biology & Environmental Sciences, University of Zurich, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford [Oxford], Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Institute of Environmental and Landscape Management, Szent István University, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Bournemouth University [Poole] (BU), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Department of Biology, Universita degli Studi di Padova, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP)
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, geography, abundance, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, observed species richness, Fauna, species composition, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversity, food and beverages, Body size and species richness, 15. Life on land, Biology, complex mixtures, Grassland, partitioning of variation, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Habitat, Abundance (ecology), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Rank abundance curve, Species richness, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Wild bees, spiders, earthworms and plants contribute considerably to biodiversity in grasslands and fulfil vital ecological functions. They also provide valuable services to agriculture, such as pollination, pest control and maintenance of soil quality. We investigated the responses of wild bees, spiders, earthworms and plants to geographic location, agricultural management and surrounding landscape variables using a dataset of 357 grassland fields within 88 farms in six European regions. Regions and taxonomic groups were selected to have contrasting properties, in order to capture the multiple facets of European grasslands. Geographic location alone had a dominant effect on the fauna and flora communities. Depending on the taxonomic group, various agricultural management and surrounding landscape variables alone had an additional significant effect on observed species richness, rarefied species richness and/or abundance, but it was always small. Bee species richness and abundance decreased with increasing number of mechanical operations (e.g. cutting). Observed spider species richness and abundance were unrelated to measured aspects of agricultural management or to surrounding landscape variables, whereas rarefied species richness showed significant relations to nitrogen input, habitat diversity and amount of grassland habitats in the surroundings. Earthworm abundance increased with increasing nitrogen input but earthworm species richness did not. Observed plant species richness decreased with increasing nitrogen input and increased when there were woody habitats in the surroundings. Rarefied plant species richness decreased with mechanical operations. Investigating multiple regions, taxonomic groups and aspects of fauna and flora communities allowed identifying the main factors structuring communities, which is necessary for designing appropriate conservation measures and ensuring continued supply of services. Wildbienen, Spinnen, Regenwürmer und Pflanzen machen einen bedeutenden Teil der Biodiversität in landwirtschaftlich genutztem Grünland aus und bilden eine wichtige Grundlage für ökologische Dienstleistungen. Dazu gehören z.B. Bestäubung, biologische Schädlingsbekämpfung und der Erhalt der Bodengesundheit. Wir untersuchten, inwiefern die vier taxonomischen Gruppen von der geografischen Lage, von Bewirtschaftungs- und von Umgebungsfaktoren abhängig sind. In die Studie gingen Daten aus sechs europäischen Regionen ein, die in 88 landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben auf insgesamt 357 Mähwiesen und Weiden erhoben wurden. Die Regionen und taxonomischen Gruppen wurden gezielt ausgewählt, um eine möglichst breite Vielfalt im europäischen Agrargrünland abzudecken. Die geografische Lage beeinflusste die Artengesellschaften am stärksten. Je nach taxonomischer Gruppe hatten verschiedene Bewirtschaftungs- und Umweltfaktoren zusätzlich einen signifikanten, aber kleinen Effekt auf den beobachteten Artenreichtum, den rarefizierten Artenreichtum und/oder die Abundanz. Bei den Bienen nahmen der Artenreichtum und die Abundanz mit der Anzahl maschineller Bearbeitungen (z.B. Schnitt) pro Jahr ab. Weder der beobachtete Spinnenartenreichtum noch die Spinnenabundanz waren abhängig von den erhobenen Bewirtschaftungs- oder Umgebungsfaktoren. Der rarefizierte Spinnenartenreichtum hingegen stand im Zusammenhang mit dem Stickstoffeintrag, der Habitatvielfalt und dem Grünlandanteil in der Umgebung. Bei den Regenwürmern erhöhte sich die Abundanz mit dem Stickstoffeintrag, nicht aber der Artenreichtum. Der beobachtete Artenreichtum der Pflanzen nahm mit dem Stickstoffeintrag ab und mit dem Gehölzanteil in der Umgebung zu. Auf den rarifizierten Pflanzenartenreichtum hatte die Anzahl maschineller Bewirtschaftungen zusätzlich einen negativen Effekt. Die Untersuchung von mehreren Regionen, taxonomischen Gruppen und Aspekten von Artengesellschaften erlaubte es, wichtige Einflussfaktoren auf Artengesellschaften zu erkennen. Diese Resultate können dazu beitragen wirksame Massnahmen für den Erhalt der Biodiversität und die Sicherstellung der ökologischen Leistungen zu erarbeiten.
Published: 2015
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12. Gains to species diversity in organically farmed fields are not propagated at the farm level

Author: Guillermo González-Bornay, András Báldi, Thomas Frank, Felix Herzog, Rob H. G. Jongman, Debra Bailey, Max Kainz, Sebastian Wolfrum, Jean-Philippe Choisis, Youssef Ammari, Salah Garchi, Lindsay A. Turnbull, Esezah Kakudidi, Julius Opio, Maurizio G. Paoletti, Anikó Kovács-Hostyánszki, Ilse R. Geijzendorffer, Katalin Balázs, Charles Nkwiine, Jürgen K. Friedel, Gisela Lüscher, Norman Siebrecht, Gergely Jerkovich, Mariecia D. Fraser, Philippe Pointereau, Jean-Pierre Sarthou, Andy Hector, Marie-Louise Oschatz, Sebastian Eiter, Wendy Jane Fjellstad, Philippe Jeanneret, Michaela Arndorfer, Peter Dennis, Daniele Sommaggio, Gerardo Moreno, Manuel K. Schneider, Fernando Pulido, Tiziano Gomiero, Institute for Sustainability Sciences, Agroscope, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Institut National de Recherche en Génie Rural Eaux et Forêts (INRGREF), Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural, des Eaux et des Forêts (ENGREF)-Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles [Tunis] (IRESA), Institute of Environmental & Landscape Management, Szent Istvan University, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Aberystwyth University, Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Universidad de Extremadura (UEX), Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford [Oxford], Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Makerere University Kampala (MUK), Centre of Life and Food Science, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Forestry school, University of Extremadura, Department of Soil Science, Department of Biology, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Solagro, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), European Union through FP7 project BioBio [227161], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole - ENSFEA (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)
Subjects: European habitat, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], different spatial scales, Biodiversity, General Physics and Astronomy, Biodiversity conservation, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Abundance (ecology), Biodiversiteit en Beleid, food production, Land-use, 2. Zero hunger, Organic Agriculture, agri-environment schemes, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Agroforestry, different spatial scale, Spiders, european habitat, Bees, Plants, Metaanalysis, conventional agriculture, european habitats, Management, food-production, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Organic farming, Biodiversité, Arable land, Conventional agriculture, management, metaanalysis, agri-environment shemes, Environment, Biology, Biodiversity and Policy, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Food production, land-use, Animals, Landscape, Oligochaeta, Agri-environment shemes, biodiversity conservation, landscape, Ecologie, Environnement, Land use, business.industry, Species diversity, General Chemistry, 15. Life on land, Agriculture, Species richness, Different spatial scale, business
Abstract: International audience; Organic farming is promoted to reduce environmental impacts of agriculture, but surprisingly little is known about its effects at the farm level, the primary unit of decision making. Here we report the effects of organic farming on species diversity at the field, farm and regional levels by sampling plants, earthworms, spiders and bees in 1470 fields of 205 randomly selected organic and nonorganic farms in twelve European and African regions. Species richness is, on average, 10.5% higher in organic than nonorganic production fields, with highest gains in intensive arable fields (around +45%). Gains to species richness are partly caused by higher organism abundance and are common in plants and bees but intermittent in earthworms and spiders. Average gains are marginal +4.6% at the farm and +3.1% at the regional level, even in intensive arable regions. Additional, targeted measures are therefore needed to fulfil the commitment of organic farming to benefit farmland biodiversity.
Published: 2014
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13. Estimating the cost of different strategies for measuring farmland biodiversity : evidence from a Europe-wide field evaluation

Author: Peter Dennis, Stefano Targetti, Davide Viaggi, Maurizio G. Paoletti, Ilse R. Geijzendorffer, Philippe Jeanneret, Katalin Balázs, Jean-Pierre Sarthou, Sebastian Eiter, Jürgen K. Friedel, Siyka Stoyanova, Max Kainz, F. Herzog, S. Wolfrum, Rob H. G. Jongman, Michaela Arndorfer, Wendy Jane Fjellstad, Tommaso Zanetti, Jean-Philippe Choisis, Gerardo Moreno, G. Luescher, D. Wiley, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna (UNIBO), Institute for Sustainability Sciences ISS, Agroscope, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Szent István University, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Aberystwyth University, Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Universidad de Extremadura (UEX), Universita di Padova, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (IPGR), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), UE FP7, European Project: 227161,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2008-2B,BIOBIO(2009), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Universidad de Extremadura - University of Extremadura (UEX), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Stefano Targetti, felix Herzog, Ilse Geijzendorffer, Sebastian Wolfrum, Michaela Arndorfer, Katalin Balàzs, Jean Philippe Choisis, Peter Dennis, Sebastian Eiter, Wendy Fjellstad, Jurgen Friedel, Philippe Jeanneret, Rob Jongman, Max Kainz, Gisela Luescher, Gerardo Moreno, Tommaso Zanetti, Jean Pierre Sarthou, Sitka Stoyanova, Debra Bailey, Maurizio Paoletti, and Davide Viaggi
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Cost estimate, media_common.quotation_subject, lessons, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversity, General Decision Sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Biodiversity and Policy, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, scale, habitats, citizen science, Citizen science, Biodiversiteit en Beleid, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Cost database, agriculture, 2. Zero hunger, forests, business.industry, EFFORT, indicator, Environmental resource management, conservation, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Payment, payments, indicators, monitoring, Geography, volunteers, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Scale (social sciences), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, challenge, ecology, business, management
Abstract: International audience; Forty percent of the EU land area is currently considered to be agriculturally managed (utilised agricultural area - UAA - Eurostat Agricultural Census 2010), and attention to the environmental performance of farming practices is growing. To determine the performance of agricultural practices, farm-scale monitoring programmes are required but their implementation is hampered by a number of difficulties such as the identification of broadly applicable indicators appropriate for different biogeographic locations, and the evaluation of the effectiveness and costs of different monitoring approaches. In this paper, we focus on the costs of farm-scale biodiversity monitoring, presenting results from a Europe-wide cost data collection in the EU FP7 BioBio Project. Firstly, we present an analytical assessment of resources consumed by the research units and a cost estimation for the measurement of six biodiversity-related parameters: farm habitats, vegetation, wild bees and bumblebees, spiders, earthworms and farm management. Thereafter, we estimate a standardised cost for an ordinary measurement of the six parameters at farm-scale. In doing so, we highlight the cost differences between three strategies involving different potential actors (professional agencies, farmers, volunteers). This analysis demonstrates that producing reliable data on monitoring costs requires a large sample pool of farms and farm types, as was the case in the BioBio project. The cost standardisation allowed us to estimate a cost for biodiversity monitoring ranging between (sic)2700 and (sic)8200 per farm, depending on the chosen strategy.
Published: 2014
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14. Indicators for the on-farm assessment of crop cultivar and livestock breed diversity: a survey-based participatory approach

Author: Luisa Last, Michaela Arndorfer, Katalin Balázs, Peter Dennis, Tetyana Dyman, Wendy Fjellstad, Jürgen K. Friedel, Felix Herzog, Philippe Jeanneret, Gisela Lüscher, Gerardo Moreno, Norman Kwikiriza, Tiziano Gomiero, Maurizio G. Paoletti, Philippe Pointereau, Jean-Pierre Sarthou, Siyka Stoyanova, Sebastian Wolfrum, Roland Kölliker, Agroscope, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Institute of Environmental and Landscape Management, Szent István University, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Forestry school, University of Extremadura, Makerere University Kampala (MUK), Department of Biology, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Solagro, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers (DYNAFOR), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute of Plant Genetic Resources K.Malkov, and Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM)
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, breeds, Genetic diversity, Food security, Ecology, business.industry, Agroforestry, landraces, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], participatory, Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, indicators, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Crop, Geography, Agriculture, agrobiodiversity, cultivars, Livestock, Agricultural biodiversity, Species richness, business, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract: International audience; Agrobiodiversity plays a fundamental role in guaranteeing food security. However, still little is known about the diversity within crop and livestock species: the genetic diversity. In this paper we present a set of indicators of crop accession and breed diversity for different farm types at farm-level, which may potentially supply a useful tool to assess and monitor farming system agrobiodiversity in a feasible and relatively affordable way. A generic questionnaire was developed to capture the information on crops and livestock in 12 European case study regions and in Uganda by 203 on-farm interviews. Through a participatory approach, which involved a number of stakeholders, eight potential indicators were selected and tested. Five of them are recommended as potentially useful indicators for agrobiodiversity monitoring per farm: (1) crop-species richness (up to 16 crop species), (2) crop-cultivar diversity (up to 15 crop cultivars, 1-2 on average), (3) type of crop accessions (landraces accounted for 3 % of all crop cultivars in Europe, 31 % in Uganda), (4) livestock-species diversity (up to 5 livestock species), and (5) breed diversity (up to five cattle and eight sheep breeds, on average 1-2).We demonstrated that the selected indicators are able to detect differences between farms, regions and dominant farm types. Given the present rate of agrobiodiversity loss and the dramatic effects that this may have on food production and food security, extensive monitoring is urgent. A consistent survey of crop cultivars and livestock breeds on-farm will detect losses and help to improve strategies for the management and conservation of on-farm genetic resources.
Published: 2014
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15. Fine root production and turnover of tree and understorey vegetation in Scots pine, silver birch and Norway spruce stands in SW Sweden

Author: Karna Hansson, Holger Lange, Heljä-Sisko Helmisaari, Shambhu Prasad Sah, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Forest Sciences, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Finnish Forest Research Institute, Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning, and Academy of Finland
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, S1, Soil test, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Minirhizotron, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Botany, SB, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Biomass (ecology), geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Picea abies, Scots pine, Primary production, Forestry, Pinus sylvestris, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Karst, Humus, Carbon, Agronomy, Betula pendula, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Fine root turnover
Abstract: Fine roots contribute to net primary production in forests, but knowledge of fine root longevity and turnover is still incomplete and limited to few tree species. In this study, we used minirhizotrons to compare fine root biomass, longevity and turnover of Pinus sylvestris L., Betula pendula Roth and Picea abies (L) Karst. in southern Sweden. Minirhizotron tubes were installed in 2006 and root images were taken in 2007-2010. Soil cores were used to estimate fine root biomass. Soil samples were taken from the humus layer and from 0 to 10 cm, 10 to 20 cm and 20 to 30 cm depth in the mineral soil. Only images from the humus layer and the upper 10 cm of mineral soil were included in root analysis. Spruce has a higher aboveground production than pine and birch in southern Sweden and this was reflected in larger fine root biomass as well as higher fine root biomass production. The annual tree fine root biomass production (humus and 0-30 cm in mineral soil) was 73, 78 and 284 g m(-2) in pine, birch and spruce stands, respectively. Thicker fine roots tended to live longer. The majority of the fine roots were thinner than 0.5 mm in diameter, with a turnover rate (KM) of 0.4 year(-1). When comparing all fine roots, i.e. all roots 0-2 mm, pine had the highest longevity, 1120 days, compared with 900 days for spruce and 922 days for birch (KM). (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2013
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16. Indicateurs de biodiversité dans les exploitations agricoles biologiques et conventionnelles des Vallées et Coteaux de Gascogne, cas d’étude français du projet européen BIOBIO

Author: Sarthou, Jean-Pierre, Choisis, Jean Philippe, Amossé, Alexandre, Arndorfer, Michaela, Bailey, Debra, Balazs, Katalin, Balent, Gerard, Deconchat, Marc, Dennis, Peter, Eiter, Sebastian, Fjellstad, Wendy, Friedel, Jürgen K., Jeanneret, Philippe, Jongman, Rob H. G., Kainz, Max, Moreno, Gerardo, Ouin, Annie, Paoletti, Maurizio, Pointereau, Philippe, Stoyanova, Siyka, Viaggi, Davide, Vialatte, Aude, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Herzog, Felix, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Agronutrition, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Agroscope, Institute of Environmental and Landscape Management, Szent István University, Aberystwyth University, Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Centre of Life and Food Science, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Forestry school, University of Extremadura, Department of Biology, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Solagro, Institute of Plant Genetic Resources K.Malkov, and Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)
Subjects: araignée, plants, abeilles, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], vers de terre, earthworms, exploitations et pratiques agricoles, indicators, biodiversité, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, spiders, plantes, habitats, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, gascony valleys and hills, coteaux de gascogne, Biodiversity and ecosystem services, farms and agricultural practices, bees, europe, france, indicateurs, biodiversity
Abstract: National audience; In the framework of the European project BIOBIO, we compared between countries habitat and cumulated species richnesses of plants, wild bees, spiders and earthworms, measured in 169 conventional and organic farms belonging to 10 case studies in 10 European countries. For the French case study (Gascony Valleys and Hills), correlations between direct (habitat and taxonomic richnesses) and indirect (agricultural practices) indicators of biodiversity within 8 conventional and 8 organic farms, were calculated. Results showed that the main driver of biodiversity at the farm level was the number of cultivated and above all semi-natural habitats, inthe French case study region as well as inthe other regions. This factor partially explained the highest biodiversity level of the French case study region. However, farming practices, specific or not to the organic and conventional systems, most often drove biodiversity parameters at the habitat level. In fine, the project proposed the BIOBIO method for monitoring biodiversity in farms.; Dans le cadre du projet européen BIOBIO, nous avons comparé entre pays les richesses en habitats et richesses spécifiques cumulées de quatre groupes taxonomiques (plantes, abeilles sauvages, araignées, vers de terre), de 169 exploitations biologiques ou conventionnelles appartenant à 10 pays. Pour le cas d’étude français, Vallées et Coteaux de Gascogne, les corrélations entre indicateurs directs (richesses spécifiques des taxons et habitats) et indirects (pratiques agricoles) de biodiversité, relevés dans 8 exploitations conventionnelles et 8 biologiques, ont été recherchées. Les résultats montrent que le nombre d’habitats cultivés et surtout semi-naturels par exploitation est le principal facteur déterminant le niveau de biodiversité à cette échelle, pour le cas d’étude français comme pour les autres cas d’étude. Ce facteur explique en partie le plus haut niveau de biodiversité observé pour le cas d’étude français. Néanmoins, les pratiques, spécifiques ou non des modes de production biologique et conventionnelle, gouvernent généralement les paramètres de biodiversité à l’échelle de l’habitat. In fine, le projet propose la méthode BIOBIO de suivi de la biodiversité dans les exploitations agricoles.
Published: 2013

17. Artenvielfalt auf biologischen und nicht-biologischen Landwirt- schaftsbetrieben in zehn europäischen Regionen

Author: Schneider, Manuel K., Lüscher, Gisela, Jeanneret, Philippe, Arndorfer, Michaela, Bailey, Debra, Balázs, Katalin, Choisis, Jean Philippe, Dennis, Peter, Fjellstad, Wendy, Fraser, Mariecia D., Frank, Thomas, Friedel, Jürgen K., Gillingham, Pippa, Jerkovich, Gergely, Gomiero, Tiziano, Jongman, Rob H.G., Kainz, Max, Moreno, Gerardo, Oschatz, Marie-Louise, Paoletti, Maurizio Guido, Pointereau, Philippe, Sarthou, Jean-Pierre, Siebrecht, Norman, Sommaggio, Daniele, Vale, Jim, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Herzog, Felix, Agroscope, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Szent István University, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Department of Biology, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Forestry school, University of Extremadura, Solagro, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Centre of Life and Food Science, and UE
Subjects: biobio, animal diseases, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Agriculture biologique, Biodiversité, Araignées, Abeilles, Plantes vasculaires, Vers de terre, Habitats, Indicateurs, biodiversität, betrieb, pflanzen, spinnen, regenwürmer, bienen, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; One of the aims of organic farming is the protection of biodiversity. In the EU FP7 project BioBio, we studied the effect of organic farming on species numbers at farm level on 169 randomly selected organic and non-organic farms with mostly low to medium intensity in ten European regions. Using a preferential sampling scheme based on habitat mapping, numbers of plants, earthworms, spiders and bees were assessed at farm level. A global analysis across the ten regions shows that organic farms have significantly higher numbers of plant and bee species than non-organic farms. The effect of organic farming on earthworm and spider species numbers are also positive but insignificant. The effects in absolute terms are small and much smaller than the variation between individual farms. Currently ongoing analyses aim at identifying the important driving factors for farmland biodiversity.
Published: 2013

18. Epigenetic regulation of adaptive responses of forest tree species to the environment

Author: Malcolm M. Campbell, Carmen Díaz-Sala, Clément Lafon-Placette, Mario F. Fraga, M. Ángeles Guevara, Stéphane Maury, Øystein Johnsen, Dolores Abarca, José Gutiérrez Marcos, Katharina Bräutigam, Kelly J. Vining, Silvia Fluch, Steven H. Strauss, Carl Gunnar Fossdal, Marie Mirouze, Antje Rohde, María-Teresa Cervera, University of Toronto, Oregon State University (OSU), Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sch Life Sci, La Trobe University, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), Universidad de Oviedo [Oviedo], Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), and UE [2440096-FP7, 289841-FP7]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, SOMACLONAL VARIATION, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Climate change, Adaptive response, environmental stress, epigenetic memory of stressful conditions, epigenetics, forest trees, phenotypic plasticity, GENOMIC DNA METHYLATION, ELAEIS-GUINEENSIS JACQ, PICEA-ABIES PROGENIES, CLIMATIC ADAPTATION, GENE-EXPRESSION, NORWAY SPRUCE, IN-VITRO, TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS, PARENTAL ENVIRONMENT, Biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, QH301, Ecosystem, Epigenetics, QH426, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Original Research, epigenetic memory of stressful, 0303 health sciences, Adaptive traits, Phenotypic plasticity, Ecology, fungi, QK, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, Plant species, Tree species, conditions, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Epigenetic variation is likely to contribute to the phenotypic plasticity and adaptative capacity of plant species, and may be especially important for long-lived organisms with complex life cycles, including forest trees. Diverse environmental stresses and hybridization/polyploidization events can create reversible heritable epigenetic marks that can be transmitted to subsequent generations as a form of molecular "memory". Epigenetic changes might also contribute to the ability of plants to colonize or persist in variable environments. In this review, we provide an overview of recent data on epigenetic mechanisms involved in developmental processes and responses to environmental cues in plant, with a focus on forest tree species. We consider the possible role of forest tree epigenetics as a new source of adaptive traits in plant breeding, biotechnology, and ecosystem conservation under rapid climate change. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Published: 2013
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19. Biodiversity indicators in organic and conventional farming systems: main results from the European project BIOBIO

Author: Sarthou, Jean-Pierre, Choisis, Jean Philippe, Amossé, Alexandre, Arndorfer, Michaela, Bailey, Debra, Balazs, Katalin, Balent, Gerard, Deconchat, Marc, Dennis, Peter, Eiter, Sebastian, Fjellstad, Wendy, Friedel, Jürgen K., Jeanneret, Philippe, Jongman, Rob H. G., Kainz, Max, Moreno, Gerardo, Ouin, Annie, Paoletti, Maurizio, Pointereau, Philippe, Stoyanova, Siyka, Viaggi, Davide, Vialatte, Aude, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Herzog, Felix, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Agronutrition, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Agroscope, Szent Istvan University, Aberystwyth University, Norvegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research - NIBIO (NORWAY), Wageningen University & Research Centre Alterra Green World Research, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Universidad de Extremadura (UEX), Universita degli Studi di Padova, SOLAGRO, Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (IPGR), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Unité Mixte de Recherche AGroécologie-Innovations-TeRritoires (AGIR), École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Technische Universität München [München] (TUM), Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Technische Universität München - TUM (GERMANY), Università di Bologna (ITALY), Universidad de Extremadura Uex (SPAIN), Wageningen University & Research - WUR (NETHERLANDS), Aberystwyth University - Aber (UNITED KINGDOM), Agronutrition (FRANCE), Agroscope (SWITZERLAND), Institute of Plant Genetic Resources K.Malkov - IPGR (BULGARIA), Solagro (FRANCE), Szent István University - SZIU (HUNGARY), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien - BOKU (AUSTRIA), Università degli Studi di Padova (ITALY), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institute of Environmental and Landscape Management, Szent István University, Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Centre of Life and Food Science, Forestry school, University of Extremadura, Department of Biology, Solagro, and Institute of Plant Genetic Resources K.Malkov
Subjects: Farms and agricultural practices, Exploitations et pratiques agricoles, Agronomie, Coteaux de gascogne, plants, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Indicateurs, Araignée, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Abeilles, Vers de terre, Spiders, Biodiversity, Plantes, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Bees, Gascony valleys and hills, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Habitats, Europe, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Indicators, Earthworms, France, Biodiversité
Abstract: National audience; In the framework of the European project BIOBIO, we compared between countries habitat and cumulated species richnesses of plants, wild bees, spiders and earthworms, measured in 169 conventional and organic farms belonging to 10 case studies in 10 European countries. For the French case study (Gascony Valleys and Hills), correlations between direct (habitat and taxonomic richnesses) and indirect (agricultural practices) indicators of biodiversity within 8 conventional and 8 organic farms, were calculated. Results showed that the main driver of biodiversity at the farm level was the number of cultivated and above all semi-natural habitats, inthe French case study region as well as inthe other regions. This factor partially explained the highest biodiversity level of the French case study region. However, farming practices, specific or not to the organic and conventional systems, most often drove biodiversity parameters at the habitat level. In fine, the project proposed the BIOBIO method for monitoring biodiversity in farms.; Dans le cadre du projet européen BIOBIO, nous avons comparé entre pays les richesses en habitats et richesses spécifiques cumulées de quatre groupes taxonomiques (plantes, abeilles sauvages, araignées, vers de terre), de 169 exploitations biologiques ou conventionnelles appartenant à 10 pays. Pour le cas d’étude français, Vallées et Coteaux de Gascogne, les corrélations entre indicateurs directs (richesses spécifiques des taxons et habitats) et indirects (pratiques agricoles) de biodiversité, relevés dans 8 exploitations conventionnelles et 8 biologiques, ont été recherchées. Les résultats montrent que le nombre d’habitats cultivés et surtout semi-naturels par exploitation est le principal facteur déterminant le niveau de biodiversité à cette échelle, pour le cas d’étude français comme pour les autres cas d’étude. Ce facteur explique en partie le plus haut niveau de biodiversité observé pour le cas d’étude français. Néanmoins, les pratiques, spécifiques ou non des modes de production biologique et conventionnelle, gouvernent généralement les paramètres de biodiversité à l’échelle de l’habitat. In fine, le projet propose la méthode BIOBIO de suivi de la biodiversité dans les exploitations agricoles.
Published: 2013

20. Translating conservation genetics into management: pan-European minimum requirements for dynamic conservation units of forest tree genetic diversity

Author: Koskela, Jarkko, Lefèvre, Francois, Schueler, Silvio, Kraigher, Hojka, Olrik, Ditte C., Hubert, Jason, Longauer, Roman, Bozzano, Michele, Yrjänä, Leena, Alizoti, Paraskevi, Rotach, Peter, Vietto, Lorenzo, Bordács, Sándor, Myking, Tor, Eysteinsson, Thröstur, Souvannavong, Oudara, Fady, Bruno, De Cuyper, Bart, Heinze, Berthold, von Wühlisch, Georg, Ducousso, Alexis, Ditlevsen, Bjerne, Bioversity International [Montpellier], Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests Natural Hazards and Landscape, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ministry of the Danish Environment, Partenaires INRAE, Forestry Research, Northern Research Station, National Forest Centre - Národné lesnícke centrum [Zvolen], Finnish Forest Research Institute, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Agricultural Research Council (CRA), Central Agricultural Office, Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Forest Service, Food and Agriculture Organization, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), and European Commission under Council Regulation (EC) No. 870/2004 (EUFGIS action, Contract No. AGRI-2006-0261), EUFORGEN Programme
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, ressources génétiques forestières
Abstract: International audience; This paper provides a review of theoretical and practical aspects related to genetic management of forest trees. The implementation of international commitments on forest genetic diversity has been slow and partly neglected. Conservation of forest genetic diversity is still riddled with problems, and complexities of national legal and administrative structures. Europe is an example of a complex region where the dis- tribution ranges of tree species extend across large geographical areas with profound environmental dif- ferences, and include many countries. Conservation of forest genetic diversity in Europe has been hampered by a lack of common understanding on the management requirements for genetic conserva- tion units of forest trees. The challenge resides in integrating scientific knowledge on conservation genet- ics into management of tree populations so that recommendations are feasible to implement across different countries. Here, we present pan-European minimum requirements for dynamic conservation units of forest genetic diversity. The units are natural or man-made tree populations which are managed for maintaining evolutionary processes and adaptive potential across generations. Each unit should have a designated status and a management plan, and one or more tree species recognized as target species for genetic conservation. The minimum sizes of the units are set at 500, 50 or 15 reproducing individuals depending on tree species and conservation objectives. Furthermore, silvicultural interventions should be allowed to enhance genetic processes, as needed, and field inventories carried out to monitor regen- eration and the population size. These minimum requirements are now used by 36 countries to improve management of forest genetic diversity.
Published: 2013
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21. Genes associated with lignin degradation in the polyphagous white-rot pathogen Heterobasidion irregulare show substrate-specific regulation

Author: Pierre-Emmanuel Courty, Carl Gunnar Fossdal, Taina Lundell, Igor A. Yakovlev, Ari M. Hietala, Halvor Solheim, Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, University of Basel (Unibas), and Department of Food and Environmental Sciences
Subjects: GMC oxidases, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Lignin biodegradation, Heterobasidion annosum, Laccases, Multicopper oxidase, Lignin, Microbiology, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Trees, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Xylem, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Botany, Genetics, medicine, Cellulose, Gene, Biotransformation, 030304 developmental biology, Laccase, 0303 health sciences, biology, Heterobasidion irregulare, 030306 microbiology, Basidiomycota, Gene Expression Profiling, biology.organism_classification, Plant Leaves, medicine.drug_formulation_ingredient, Biochemistry, chemistry, Norway spruce, biology.protein, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Peroxidase
Abstract: The pathogenic white-rot basidiomycete Heterobasidion irregulare is able to remove lignin and hemicel- lulose prior to cellulose during the colonization of root and stem xylem of conifer and broadleaf trees. We identified and followed the regulation of expression of genes belonging to families encoding ligninolytic enzymes. In comparison with typical white-rot fungi, the H. irregulare genome has exclusively the short- manganese peroxidase type encoding genes (6 short-MnPs) and thereby a slight contraction in the pool of class II heme-containing peroxidases, but an expansion of the MCO laccases with 17 gene models. Furthermore, the genome shows a versatile set of other oxidoreductase genes putatively involved in lignin oxidation and conversion, including 5 glyoxal oxidases, 19 quinone-oxidoreductases and 12 aryl-alcohol oxidases. Their genetic multiplicity and gene-specific regulation patterns on cultures based on defined lignin, cellulose or Norway spruce lignocellulose substrates suggest divergent specificities and physiological roles for these enzymes. While the short-MnP encoding genes showed similar transcript levels upon fungal growth on heartwood and reaction zone (RZ), a xylem defense tissue rich in phenolic compounds unique to trees, a subset of laccases showed higher gene expression in the RZ cultures. In contrast, other oxidoreductases depending on initial MnP activity showed generally lower transcript levels on RZ than on heartwood. These data suggest that the rate of fungal oxidative conversion of xylem lignin differs between spruce RZ and heartwood. It is conceivable that in RZ part of the oxidoreductase activities of laccases are related to the detoxification of phenolic compounds involved in host-defense. Expression of the several short-MnP enzymes indicated an important role for these enzymes in effective delignification of wood by H. irregulare.
Published: 2013
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22. Biogeographical patterns and determinants of invasion by forest pathogens in Europe

Author: Thomas Jung, Benoit Marçais, Luisa Ghelardini, Libor Jankovsky, I. Szabó, Stephen Woodward, Andrea Vannini, Marie-Laure Desprez-Loustau, Thomas R. Cech, O. Holdenrieder, T. Gaitniekis, Vaidotas Lygis, Andrej Kunca, Panaghiotis Tsopelas, Paolo Capretti, Anna Maria Vettraino, Jarkko Hantula, D. Jurc, Thomas Kirisits, S. Schmitz, Jan Stenlid, Joan Webber, Halvor Solheim, Anne Chandelier, M. Malecka, C. De Pace, S. Diamandis, Alejandro Solla, J. Schumacher, Alberto Santini, Danut Chira, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse, Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo], Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Florence (UNIFI), Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques (CRA-W), Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests Natural Hazards and Landscape, Institutul de Cercetari si Amenajari Silvice (ICAS), Finnish Forest Research Institute (FINLAND), Institute for Integrative Biology [Zürich] (IBZ), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Mendel University in Brno, Slovenian Forestry Institute, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), Institute of Botany Lithuania, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Forest Research Institute Baden-Wuerttemberg (FVA), Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Universidad de Extremadura (UEX), University of West-Hungary, National Agricultural Research Foundation (NAGREF), Fisheries Research Institute, Forestry Commission, Alice Holt Lodge - Farnham, Forest Research, University of Aberdeen, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Finnish Forest Research Institute (METLA), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), and Forest Research [Great Britain]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Time Factors, Databases, Factual, Physiology, Biogeography, Environmental diversity, Climate, Rain, invasiveness, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Introduced species, alien species, Plant Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Invasive species, determinants of invasion, Trees, biogeographical pattern of invasion, invasive forest pathogens (IFPs), Global mobility, Ecosystem, Alien species, Plant Diseases, Population Density, Principal Component Analysis, Land use, Geography, Ecology, analysis of invasive species variance (ANISVA), emerging infectious disease (EID), Fungi, Temperature, 15. Life on land, Europe, Socioeconomic Factors, Linear Models, Introduced Species, 010606 plant biology & botany, invasibility
Abstract: International audience; A large database of invasive forest pathogens (IFPs) was developed to investigate the patterns and determinants of invasion in Europe. Detailed taxonomic and biological information on the invasive species was combined with country-specific data on land use, climate, and the time since invasion to identify the determinants of invasiveness, and to differentiate the class of environments which share territorial and climate features associated with a susceptibility to invasion. IFPs increased exponentially in the last four decades. Until 1919, IFPs already present moved across Europe. Then, new IFPs were introduced mainly from North America, and recently from Asia. Hybrid pathogens also appeared. Countries with a wider range of environments, higher human impact or international trade hosted more IFPs. Rainfall influenced the diffusion rates. Environmental conditions of the new and original ranges and systematic and ecological attributes affected invasiveness. Further spread of established IFPs is expected in countries that have experienced commercial isolation in the recent past. Densely populated countries with high environmental diversity may be the weakest links in attempts to prevent new arrivals. Tight coordination of actions against new arrivals is needed. Eradication seems impossible, and prevention seems the only reliable measure, although this will be difficult in the face of global mobility.
Published: 2013
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23. Fine-root turnover rates of European forests revisited: an analysis of data from sequential coring and ingrowth cores

Author: Bohdan Konôpka, Hans Persson, C. Miguel Pérez, Mark R. Bakker, Robert G. Björk, Begoña López, Christophe Jourdan, Martin Lukac, Xavier Aranda, Ivika Ostonen, Toril D. Eldhuset, Yasuhiro Hirano, Isabella Børja, Ivano Brunner, Heljä-Sisko Helmisaari, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Avalanche Research WSL, Transfert Sol-Plante et Cycle des Eléments Minéraux dans les Ecosystèmes Cultivés (TCEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB), Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), Graduate School of Environmental Studies [Nagoya], Nagoya University, chool of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading (UOR), Institute of Research and Technology, Food and Agriculture (IRTA), Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, University of Helsinki, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Forest Research Institute, National Forest Centre, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), University of Tartu, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, and National Forest Centre - Národné lesnícke centrum [Zvolen]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, arbre forestier, Fagus sylvatica, Biodiversité et Ecologie, racine fine, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, Plant Science, decision Matrix, 01 natural sciences, Système racinaire, Annual production, Decision Matrix, Fine-root turnover rates, Ingrowth cores, Sequential coring, Maximum-Minimum formula, forêt, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Biomass (ecology), forêt mélangée, biology, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Ecology, Pinus sylvestris, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, analyse comparative, Decision matrix, annual production, europe, Modèle mathématique, forêt tempérée, Développement biologique, cycle du carbone, Production forestière, Soil Science, Soil science, sequential coring, Carbon cycle, Biodiversity and Ecology, fine-root turnover rates, ingrowth cores, maximum-minimum formula, taux de renouvellement, biomasse, carottage, Picea abies, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Coring, Turnover, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Sol de forêt, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, méthode de calcul, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Racine, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: [b][u]Background and Aims[/u][/b][br/] [br/] Forest trees directly contribute to carbon cycling in forest soils through the turnover of their fine roots. In this study we aimed to calculate root turnover rates of common European forest tree species and to compare them with most frequently published values.[br/] [br/] [b][u]Methods[/u][/b][br/] [br/] We compiled available European data and applied various turnover rate calculation methods to the resulting database. We used Decision Matrix and Maximum-Minimum formula as suggested in the literature.[br/] [br/] [b][u]Results[/u][/b][br/] [br/] Mean turnover rates obtained by the combination of sequential coring and Decision Matrix were 0.86 yr−1 for Fagus sylvatica and 0.88 yr−1 for Picea abies when maximum biomass data were used for the calculation, and 1.11 yr−1 for both species when mean biomass data were used. Using mean biomass rather than maximum resulted in about 30 % higher values of root turnover. Using the Decision Matrix to calculate turnover rate doubled the rates when compared to the Maximum-Minimum formula. The Decision Matrix, however, makes use of more input information than the Maximum-Minimum formula.[br/] [br/] [b][u]Conclusions[/u][/b][br/] [br/] We propose that calculations using the Decision Matrix with mean biomass give the most reliable estimates of root turnover rates in European forests and should preferentially be used in models and C reporting.
Published: 2013
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24. D2.8.III.3 INSPIRE Data Specification on Soil – Draft Guidelines

Author: Arnoldussen, Arnold, Keijers, Stijn, Le Bas, Christine, Bulens, Jandirk, Costantini, Edoardo, Eberhardt, Einar, Van Liedekerke, Marc, Marahrens, Stephan, Senar, Ainara, Versluijs, Kees, Tomas, Robert, Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), InfoSol (InfoSol), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Research Centre for Agrobiology and Pedology (CRA-ABP), Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Institute for Environment and Sustainability of the JRC, Partenaires INRAE, Federal environment agency, and National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Published: 2013

25. Plant, earthworm, spider and bee diversity in agriculture fields of grazing and field crop farming systems in eight regions across Europe

Author: Lüscher, Gisela, Arndorfer, Michaela, Balázs, Katalin, Bernhardt, Karl Georg, Bogers, Marion, Bunce, Robert G. H., Choisis, Jean-Philippe, Dennis, Peter, Dramstad, Wenche, Eiter, Sebastian, Engan, Gunnar, Fjellstad, Wendy, Frank, Thomas, Friedel, Jürgen Kurt, Geijzendorffer, Ilse R., Gillingham, Pippa, Herzog, Felix, Hülsbergen, Kurt Jürgen, Jeanneret, Philippe, Jerkovich, Gergely, Jongman, Rob H. G., Kainz, Maximilian, Oschatz, Marie-Louise, Papaja-Hülsbergen, Susanne, Pointereau, Philippe, Sarthou, Jean-Pierre, Schneider, Manuel K., Siebrecht, Norman, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Agroscope, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Szent István University, Division of Organic Farming, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Aberystwyth University, Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Solagro, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), UE, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Solagro (FRANCE), Dynamiques et Ecologie des Paysages Agriforestiers - DYNAFOR (Castanet-Tolosan, France), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural ( DYNAFOR ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)
Subjects: [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Agronomie, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Science des sols, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [ SDV.SA.SDS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Indicateurs, Agriculture biologique, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Biodiversité, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, [ SDV.SA.AGRO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; ESA acts as an open forum for agronomists, researchers, teachers and students who are concerned with basic and applied science in agronomy: the relationships between crops, soils, climates and agricultural practices, and between agriculture and the environment.
Published: 2012

26. Glasshouse vs field experiments: do they yield ecologically similar results for assessing impacts on peat mosses?

Author: Gustaf Granath, B. Xu, Mats Nilsson, B. L. Williams, Tim R. Moore, Stefan Hotes, Ian D. Leith, Alexandre Buttler, M. M. Wiedermann, Juul Limpens, J. F Nordbakken, Jill L. Bubier, P. Grosvernier, Edward A. D. Mitchell, Luca Bragazza, Marcel R. Hoosbeek, M.P.C.P. Paulissen, Urban Gunnarsson, Monique M. P. D. Heijmans, Suzanne E. Bayley, André-Jean Francez, Lucy J. Sheppard, Håkan Rydin, Angela Breeuwer, Line Rochefort, Rien Aerts, Renato Gerdol, L.J.L. van den Berg, Mati Ilomets, H.B.M. Tomassen, Markus N. Thormann, Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology group, Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Uppsala University, Dept of Systems Ecology, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] ( UvA ), NERC Centre of Ecology and Hydrology ( CEH ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Laboratoire des systèmes écologiques ( ECOS ), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ( EPFL ), WSL Lausanne, WSL, Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, University of Ferrara [Ferrara], Soils Group, The Macaulay Institute, Mount Holyoke College, Geography, McGill University, McGill University, Centre de Recherches Nordiques, Université Laval, Institute of Biology - Laboratory of Soil Biology, Université de Neuchâtel, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud university [Nijmegen], Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] ( ECOBIO ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -INEE-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes ( OSUR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Aquilon Environmental Consulting Ltd, LIN'eco, Umeå University, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] ( WUR ), Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, University of Alberta [Edmonton], The Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Alterra Wageningen University & Research Centre ( ALTERRA ), Justus Liebig University, Justus-Liebig-University, B-Ware Research Centre, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] ( CEH ), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), NERC Centre of Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Laboratoire des systèmes écologiques (ECOS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Università degli Studi di Ferrara (UniFE), Macaulay Institute, Department of Geography [Montréal], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), University of Alberta, Alterra Wageningen University & Research Centre (ALTERRA), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] (CEH), Università degli Studi di Ferrara = University of Ferrara (UniFE), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Radboud University [Nijmegen], Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), Systems Ecology, and Amsterdam Global Change Institute
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Peat, Physiology, carbon (C), Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Sphagnum, sphagnum mosses, Responses, Wageningen Environmental Research, Bog, geography.geographical_feature_category, mires and peatlands, biology, Ecology, CL - Ecological Models and Monitoring, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, experiments, Metaanalysis, Nitrogen, nitrogen deposition, Deposition (aerosol physics), Productivity (ecology), CL - Ecologische Modellen en Monitoring, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Terrestrial ecosystem, ecology, Plant Shoots, metaanalysis, productivity, chemistry.chemical_element, Ecological and Environmental Phenomena, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Cycle, Peatlands, 010603 evolutionary biology, Models, Biological, Earth System Science, scale, Botany, Sphagnopsida, climate, peatlands, geography, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, WIMEK, cycle, carbon, Aquatic Ecology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Sphagnum Mosses, Carbon, Scale, meta-analysis, Agronomy, chemistry, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Litter, responses, Linear Models, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Leerstoelgroep Aardsysteemkunde, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: • Peat bogs have accumulated more atmospheric carbon (C) than any other terrestrial ecosystem today. Most of this C is associated with peat moss (Sphagnum) litter. Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition can decrease Sphagnum production, compromising the C sequestration capacity of peat bogs. The mechanisms underlying the reduced production are uncertain, necessitating multifactorial experiments. • We investigated whether glasshouse experiments are reliable proxies for field experiments for assessing interactions between N deposition and environment as controls on Sphagnum N concentration and production. We performed a meta-analysis over 115 glasshouse experiments and 107 field experiments. • We found that glasshouse and field experiments gave similar qualitative and quantitative estimates of changes in Sphagnum N concentration in response to N application. However, glasshouse-based estimates of changes in production - even qualitative assessments - diverged from field experiments owing to a stronger N effect on production response in absence of vascular plants in the glasshouse, and a weaker N effect on production response in presence of vascular plants compared to field experiments. • Thus, although we need glasshouse experiments to study how interacting environmental factors affect the response of Sphagnum to increased N deposition, we need field experiments to properly quantify these effects. © 2012 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2012 New Phytologist Trust.
Published: 2012
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27. Biodiversity in organic and low-input farming systems. Handbook for recording key indicators

Author: Dennis, Peter, Herzog, Felix, Jeanneret, Philippe, Arndorfer, Michaela, Bogers, Marion, Bunce, Robert, Bailey, Debra, Choisis, Jean Philippe, Choisis, Norma, Cuming, David, Ehrmann, O., Fjellstad, Wendy, Franck, T., Fraser, M.D., Friedel, J., Geijzendorffer, I., Gomiero, Tiziano, Jongman, Rob, Kainz, Martin, Kölliker, Roland, Last, Luisa, Lüscher, Gisela, Moreno, G., Nicholas, P., Paoletti, M. G., Papaja-Hülsbergen, Susanne, Pelosi, Céline, Pointereau, Philippe, Sarthou, Jean-Pierre, Schneider, M., Siebrecht, Norman, Targetti, Stefano, Viaggi, Davide, Wilkes, Jerylee, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Aberystwyth University, Research Station ART, Division of Organic Farming & Applied Life Sciences, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Alterra Green World Research (ALTERRA), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, lmas Mater Studiorum, Department of Agricultural Economics and Engineering (DEIAGRA), University of Bologna, Division of Organic Farming, Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Federal Department of Economic Affairs DEA - Research Station ART, Zurich, Suisse, Federal Department of Economic Affairs DEA, Institute of Biological, Environmental, and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth, Royaume Uni., Wageningen UR, Department of Biology, Padova University, Italy, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Centre of Life and Food Science, Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Germany, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Research Station ART, Zurich, Forestry School, University of Extremadura, Plasencia, Universidad de Extremadura (UEX), Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Department of Biology, Padova University, Centre of Life and Food Science, Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Initiatives and Innovations for Energy, Agriculture and Environment, Toulouse, France, SOLAGRO, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), lmas Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Department of Agricultural Economics and Engineering (DEIAGRA), Project no. 227161 project BioBio, Inconnu, Contrat : KBBE - 2B - 227161, Type de commanditaire ou d'auteur de la saisine : Organisations européennes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Technical University of Munich (TUM), UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], organic farming, indicator, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], habitat, low-input farming of additional editing and revision of the D2.2
Abstract: This Handbook describes the methods required to measure the direct and indirect indicators of biodiversity in the field or through farmer interviews on organic, low-input and conventional (control) farms during 2010. It is the result of editing and revision of the BIOBIO deliverable D2.2. A total of twelve Case Study regions were selected in eleven countries. A standard habitat mapping procedure for the European scale based on General Habitat Categories (GHCs) was applied. This method has been adapted further to deal with the assessment of organic/low-input farm holdings. An initial classification of farmed and non-farmed land has been used to direct the selection of the samples. After mapping the farm area, in each habitat type selected for flora and fauna surveys, all species indicators were sampled for vegetation, earthworms, bees and spiders. Farm practices and genetic diversity were measured through interviews with the farmer. A digitising protocol was provided to prepare all data for analysis. The practicality and suitability of these methods for sampling plants and selected animals on very different farm types and habitats was evaluated. Lessons learned are described shortly after each chapter indicating difficulties encountered during the field work and giving practical suggestions. Further reports will be available in due course presenting the implication of analyses and results. The cost efficiency of the methodology was measured through reports on input of staff time and materials
Published: 2012

28. Report on local stakeholder requirements regarding individual farming systems in BioBio case study regions

Author: Arndorfer, Michaela, Balazs, Katalin, Choisis, Jean Philippe, Dennis, Peter, Dramstad, Wenche, Fjellstad, Wendy, Friedel, Jürgen K., Gomiero, Tiziano, Jongman, Rob H.G., Kainz, Max, Moreno, Gerardo, Paoletti, Maurizio, Podmaniczky, László, Sarthou, Jean-Pierre, Stoyanova, Siyka, Riedel, Susanne, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Szent István University, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Aberystwyth University, Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Universita di Padova, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Universidad de Extremadura (UEX), Institute of Plant Genetic Resources K.Malkov, Tänikon Research Station ART, and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], farming systems, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, stakeholder, biodiversité, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Published: 2012

29. Community ecology in the age of multivariate multiscale spatial analysis

Author: Roger Bivand, Pierre Couteron, Marie-Josée Fortin, F. G. Blanchet, Pierre Legendre, Jari Oksanen, Thibaut Jombart, M. De Caceres, Stéphane Dray, Anne-Béatrice Dufour, Helene H. Wagner, Raphaël Pélissier, François Munoz, Einar Heegaard, Edwige Bellier, Jean Thioulouse, Pedro R. Peres-Neto, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Institut Français de Pondichéry (IFP), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, University of Toronto, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Université de Québec, Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux (BioSP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Norwegian School of Economy (NHH ), University of Alberta, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Imperial College London, Dept Biol, University of Bergen (UiB), University Lyon 1, PRABI, LBBE, UMR CNRS [5558], NSERC Discovery Grants, [ANR 07 BDIV 014-03], Ecologie quantitative et évolutive des communautés, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), BotAnique et BioinforMatique de l'Architecture des Plantes (UMR AMAP), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Ouest])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Multivariate statistics, spatial weight, Multivariate spatial data, Spatial structure, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], METACOMMUNITY PHYLOGENETICS, autocorrelation, Population, ecological community, Beta diversity, Context (language use), ordination, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, spatial autocorrelation, AUTOCORRELATION, CANONICAL CORRELATION-ANALYSIS, SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS, Spatial connectivity, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [MATH]Mathematics [math], education, BETA-DIVERSITY, Spatial analysis, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Spatial weight, education.field_of_study, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, SPECIES RICHNESS, multivariate spatial data, 15. Life on land, spatial structure, Spatial eigenfunction, spatial eigenfunction, spatial, Geography, Spatial ecology, PATTERNS, Common spatial pattern, MULTIPLE SCALES, Spatial variability, spatial connectivity, Ecological community, NEIGHBOR MATRICES PCNM, AUTO-CORRELATION, Spatial autocorrelation
Abstract: Species spatial distributions are the result of population demography, behavioral traits, and species interactions in spatially heterogeneous environmental conditions. Hence the composition of species assemblages is an integrative response variable, and its variability can be explained by the complex interplay among several structuring factors. The thorough analysis of spatial variation in species assemblages may help infer processes shaping ecological communities. We suggest that ecological studies would benefit from the combined use of the classical statistical models of community composition data, such as constrained or unconstrained multivariate analyses of site‐by‐species abundance tables, with rapidly emerging and diversifying methods of spatial pattern analysis. Doing so allows one to deal with spatially explicit ecological models of beta diversity in a biogeographic context through the multiscale analysis of spatial patterns in original species data tables, including spatial characterization of fitted or residual variation from environmental models. We summarize here the recent progress for specifying spatial features through spatial weighting matrices and spatial eigenfunctions in order to define spatially constrained or scale‐explicit multivariate analyses. Through a worked example on tropical tree communities, we also show the potential of the overall approach to identify significant residual spatial patterns that could arise from the omission of important unmeasured explanatory variables or processes. This contribution originated from the SEDAR workshop partially funded by the University Lyon 1, the PRABI, and the LBBE, UMR CNRS 5558. This research was supported by grants ANR 07 BDIV 014‐03 to S. Dray, NSERC Discovery Grants to M. J. Fortin, P. Legendre, P. Peres‐Neto, and H. H. Wagner, MEDD 05 EcoTrop (OSDA) 0000223 to R. Pélissier, P. Couteron, and F. Munoz, and a Canada Research Chair to P. Peres‐Neto. F. G. Blanchet was supported by an NSERC Discovery Grant to Fangliang He.
Published: 2012
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30. Insight into trade-off between wood decay and parasitism from the genome of a fungal forest pathogen

Author: Ari M. Hietala, Jeremy Schmutz, Yao-Cheng Lin, Pedro M. Coutinho, Vincent Lombard, Magnus Karlsson, Jane Grimwood, Linda T. A. van Diepen, Heriberto Vélëz, Ad Wiebenga, Timothy Y. James, Kerstin Dalman, Pierre Rouzé, Ourdia Bouzid, Tommaso Raffaello, Mikael Brandström Durling, Sébastien Duplessis, Karl Lundén, Susan Lucas, David Hansson, Carl Gunnar Fossdal, Andrea Aerts, Ursula Kües, Jerry Ståhlberg, Igor A. Yakovlev, Ronald P. de Vries, Erika Lindquist, Igor V. Grigoriev, Dirk Hoffmeister, Kajsa Himmelstrand, Yong-Hwan Lee, Matteo Garbelotto, Asaf Salamov, Dan Cullen, Mårten Lind, Björn Canbäck, Halvor Solheim, Nils Högberg, Paolo Gonthier, Francis Martin, Giuliana Deflorio, Emmanuelle Morin, Bernard Henrissat, Lassaad Belbahri, Christophe Dunand, Åke Olson, Jan Stenlid, Claude Murat, Steve Woodward, Annegret Kohler, Anders Broberg, Jongsun Park, Fred O. Asiegbu, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Joint Genome Institute (JGI), University of Helsinki, Laboratory of Soil Biology, Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Department of Chemistry, Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Forest Products Laboratory, University of Aberdeen, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Dynamique et Evolution des Parois cellulaires végétales, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Universita di Torino, Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology, Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, University of California, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), and University of California (UC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Species complex, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Molecular Sequence Data, Quantitative Trait Loci, Heterobasidion annosum, Plant Science, Quantitative trait locus, 01 natural sciences, Genome, HETEROBASIDION, Trees, 03 medical and health sciences, Botany, Forest ecology, medicine, SAPROTROPHY, Gene, WOOD DECAY, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, Heterobasidion irregulare, Basidiomycota, Gene Expression Profiling, Chromosome Mapping, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Wood, GENOME, medicine.drug_formulation_ingredient, PATHOLOGY, TRADE-OFF, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Genome, Fungal, Heterobasidion, PARASITISM, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Parasitism and saprotrophic wood decay are two fungal strategies fundamental for succession and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. An opportunity to assess the trade-off between these strategies is provided by the forest pathogen and wood decayer Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato. We report the annotated genome sequence and transcript profiling, as well as the quantitative trait loci mapping, of one member of the species complex: H. irregulare. Quantitative trait loci critical for pathogenicity, and rich in transposable elements, orphan and secreted genes, were identified. A wide range of cellulose-degrading enzymes are expressed during wood decay. By contrast, pathogenic interaction between H. irregulare and pine engages fewer carbohydrate-active enzymes, but involves an increase in pectinolytic enzymes, transcription modules for oxidative stress and secondary metabolite production. Our results show a trade-off in terms of constrained carbohydrate decomposition and membrane transport capacity during interaction with living hosts. Our findings establish that saprotrophic wood decay and necrotrophic parasitism involve two distinct, yet overlapping, processes.
Published: 2012
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31. Identifying indicators for monitoring farmland biodiversity

Author: Herzog, Felix, Balazs, Katalin, Dennis, Peter, Dyman, Tetyana, Fjellstad, Wendy, Friedel, Jürgen, Garchi, Salah, Jeanneret, Philippe, Jongman, Rob, Kainz, Max, Moreno, Gerardo, Nkwiine, Charles, Paoletti, Maurizio, Pointereau, Philippe, Sarthou, Jean-Pierre, Stoyanova, Siyka, Viaggi, Davide, Agroscope, Szent István University, Aberystwyth University, Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Institut National de Recherche en Génie Rural Eaux et Forêts (INRGREF), Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural, des Eaux et des Forêts (ENGREF)-Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles [Tunis] (IRESA), Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Universidad de Extremadura (UEX), Makerere University Kampala (MUK), Universita di Padova, Unité de recherche d'Écodéveloppement (ECODEVELOPPEMENT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Solagro, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institute of Plant Genetic Resources K.Malkov, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY&#65288, IALE), HERZOG F., BALÁZS K., DENNIS P., DYMAN T., FJELLSTAD W., FRIEDEL J., GARCHI S., JEANNERET P., JONGMAN R., KAINZ M., MORENO G., NKWIINE C., PAOLETTI P., POINTERREAU P, SARTHOU J.-P., STOYANOVA S., VIAGGI D., and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], INDICATORS, HABITAT DIVERSITY, FARMLAND BIODIVERSITY, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Life Science, BIODIVERSITY, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, Wageningen Environmental Research, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, ALT - CL - Landschap Systemen, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: Farmland biodiversity is an important component of Europe’s biodiversity. More than half the continent is occupied by agricultural lands. They host specific habitats and species, which – in addition to their conservation values they provide – perform vital ecological functions. Indicators are needed to enable the monitoring of biodiversity at the farm level for the purpose of assessing the impacts of farming practices and of agricultural policies. Our research aims at identifying farmland biodiversity indicators which are scientifically sound, operational and relevant for stakeholders. We screened the literature for farmland biodiversity indicators and, in an iterative process with stakeholders, we identified 28 candidate indicators for genetic, species and habitat diversity. Those selected biodiversity indicators, as well as 14 management indicators that are known to relate to biodiversity, were assessed in 12 case study regions across Europe. Each case study region represents a typical production system (i.e. specialist field crops, horticulture and permanent crops; specialist grazing with cattle and other livestock types; mixed crop and livestock farming). In each region, 8 – 20 farms were randomly selected, mostly within the two groups of organic and non-organic farms, to obtain a gradient of farming intensity. Indicators were measured applying standardized sampling procedures and farm interviews. Sampling effort was recorded in order to assess the cost of indicator measurement. For each case study region, biodiversity indicators are presently being evaluated in conjunction with management indicators. Surrogate indicators will be proposed when possible and indicators will be prioritized taking into account their validity, practicality, cost and priority for stakeholders. Based on preliminary results, the presentation will focus on the specific challenges of farm level monitoring, addressing issues of sampling design within the farms and up-scaling from plot to farm to region.
Published: 2011

32. Economic importance, breeding objectives and achievements

Author: MULLIN, T.J., ANDERSSON, B., BASTIEN, Jean-Charles, BEAULIEU, J., BURDON, R.D., DVORAK, W.S., KING, J.N., KONDO, T., KRAKOWSKI, J., LEE, S.J., MCKEAND, S.E., PÂQUES E., Luc, RAFFIN, Annie, RUSSELL, J.H., SKROPPA, T., STOEHR, M., YANCHUK, Alvin, BioSylve Forest Science, Partenaires INRAE, Skogforsk, Unité de recherche Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie Forestières (AGPF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), New Zealand Forest Research Institute, North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC), British Columbia, Forest Tree Breeding Centre, Northern Research Station, Forest Research, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, 0106 biological sciences, molecular marker, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 15. Life on land, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, genetic testing, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], operational tree breeding, quantitative trait locus, genomic technology, breeding, plantation program, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; This chapter reviews the historical context, economic importance, objectives and achievements to-date for many of the more important conifers undergoing domestification throught genetic improvement programs around the world. These provide examples of the context in which genomic technologies will have an impact in forestry. Unlike many other crop plants and livestock animals, forest trees have only been exposed to a few cycles of breeding and selection, and most retain very large amounts of genetic variation in natural populations. These factors present both opportunities and hurdles in the effective application of genomic technologies to existing operational breeding programs.
Published: 2011
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33. Delimitation of BIOBIO case study regions and the selection of case study farms

Author: Arndorfer, Michaela, Angelova, Siyka, Balazs, Katalin, Bogers, Marion M.I., Centeri, Csaba, Choisis, Jean Philippe, Choisis, Norma, Dennis, Peter, Eiter, Sebastian, Falusi, Eszter, Fjellstad, Wendy, Friedel, Jürgen K., Geijzendorffer, Ilse R., Gomiero, Tiziano, Griffioen, Arjan J., Guteva, Yana, Jongman, Rob H.G., Juárez, Enrique, Kainz, Max, Kelemen, Eszter, Lüscher, Gisela, Mayr, Josef, Moreno, Gerardo, Paoletti, Maurizio, Podmaniczky, László, Sarthou, Jean-Pierre, Skutai, Julianna, Stoyanova, Siyka, Schneider, Manuel, Siebrecht, Norman, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Wilkes, Jerylee, Zanetti, Tommaso, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Institute of Plant Genetic Resources K.Malkov, Szent István University, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Aberystwyth University, Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Universita di Padova, Universidad de Extremadura (UEX), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Tänikon Research Station ART, and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], cas d'étude, agriculture biologique, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, europe, biodiversité, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Published: 2010

34. A Generic Farming System Simulator

Author: N. Borkowski, Andrea Emilio Rizzoli, Argyris Kanellopoulos, Peter Zander, Thomas Heckelei, Grete Stokstad, Hongtao Li, Huib Hengsdijk, Sander Janssen, Ioannis N. Athanasiadis, Guillermo Flichman, David Huber, Martin K. van Ittersum, Maria Blanco Fonseca, Kamel Louhichi, Economie Publique (ECO-PUB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Plant Protection Systems, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Business Economics, Istituto Dalle Molle di Studi sull'Intelligenza Artificiale (IDSIA), Università della Svizzera italiana = University of Italian Switzerland (USI)-Scuola universitaria professionale della Svizzera italiana [Manno] (SUPSI), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM), Plant Research International (PRI), JRC Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Seville] (JRC), Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, AntOptima SA, Economic and Agricultural Policy, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Plant Production Systems, Absent, Floor M. Brouwer, Martin Van Ittersum, Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Brouwer, F. and Ittersum, M. van, Adamolle, Cécile, Brouwer, F. and Ittersum, M. van, AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), and Università della Svizzera italiana (USI)-Scuola universitaria professionale della Svizzera italiana [Manno] (SUPSI)
Subjects: BIO-ECONOMIC FARM MODEL, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, NETHERLANDS, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MODELE DE SIMULATION, 01 natural sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Operationele Research en Logistiek, IMPACT ASSESSMENT, MODELE BIOECONOMIQUE, Wageningen Environmental Research, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.SA.AEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, AGRICULTURAL SYSTEM, METHODE D'OPTIMISATION, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, PAYS BAS, PE&RC, EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES, Geography, PAYS DE L'UNION EUROPEENNE, Plant Production Systems, MODELE BIOECONOMIQUE DE FERME, Agrosystems, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, Common Agricultural Policy, CGI - Spatial Models and Knowledge Systems, EVALUATION D'IMPACT, Emerging technologies, SCENARIO, Bedrijfseconomie, FRANCE, SIMULATION MODEL, PRI Agrosysteemkunde, SUSTAINABILITY, BIOECONOMIC MODEL, Business Economics, CGI - Ruimtelijke Modellen en Kennissystemen, Life Science, media_common.cataloged_instance, Agricultural policy, FARM MANAGEMENT, OPTIMIZATION METHODS, Agricultural productivity, European union, Simulation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Input/output, Impact assessment, [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, SYSTEME DE PRODUCTION, 15. Life on land, FARMING SYSTEM, GESTION DE L'EXPLOITATION AGRICOLE, Plantaardige Productiesystemen, Sustainability, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, AGRICULTURAL POLICY, Operations Research and Logistics
Abstract: Chapitre 5; The aim of this chapter is to present a bio-economic modelling framework established to provide insight into the complex nature of agricultural systems and to assess the impacts of agricultural and environmental policies and technological innovations. This framework consists of a Farm System Simulator (FSSIM) using mathematical programming that can be linked to a cropping system model to estimate at field level the engineering production and environmental functions. FSSIM includes a module for agricultural management (FSSIM-AM) and a mathematical programming model (FSSIM-MP). FSSIM-AM aims to define current and alternative activities and to quantify their input output coefficients (both yields and environmental effects) using a cropping system model, such as APES (Agricultural Production and Externalities Simulator) and other sources (expert knowledge, surveys, etc.). FSSIM-MP seeks to describe the behaviour of the farmer given a set of biophysical, socio-economic and policy constraints and to predict its reactions under new technologies, policy and market changes. The communication between these different tools and models is based on explicit definitions of spatial scales and software for model integration. The bio-economic modelling framework was designed to be sufficiently generic and flexible in order to be applied for all relevant farming systems across the European Union, easily transferable between different geographic locations, and reusable for different applications.; L’objectif de ce chapitre est de présenter un cadre de modélisation bioéconomique pour offrir un aperçu de la nature complexe des systèmes agricoles et pour évaluer les impacts des politiques agricoles et environnementales et des innovations technologiques. Ce cadre consiste en un modèle économique de ferme (FSSIM) basé sur la programmation mathématique qui peut être relié à un modèle biophysique pour estimer, au niveau parcellaire, les fonctions de production et d’externalité. FSSIM comprend un module de gestion des données (FSSIM-AM) et un modèle de programmation mathématique (FSSIM-MP). FSSIM-AM a pour but de définir les activités actuelles et alternatives et de quantifier leurs coefficients inputs-outputs (à la fois les rendements et les effets sur l'environnement) en utilisant un modèle biophysique, comme APES (Agricultural Production and Externalities Simulator), ainsi que d'autres sources (expertise, enquêtes, etc.). FSSIM-MP cherche à décrire le comportement de l'agriculteur en tenant compte d’un ensemble de contraintes biophysiques, socio-économiques et politiques et de prévoir ses réactions face à des changements de politiques et du marché ainsi que de nouvelles technologies. La communication entre ces différents outils et modèles est basée sur une définition explicite des échelles spatiales et des logiciels d'intégration. Le cadre de modélisation bioéconomique a été conçu suffisamment générique et flexible pour être appliqué à tous les systèmes de production en Europe, facilement transférables entre les différentes implantations géographiques, et réutilisables pour différentes applications.
Published: 2009
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35. Does maternal environmental condition during reproductive development induce genotypic selection in Picea abies ?

Author: Besnard, Guillaume, Acheré, Virginie, Jeandroz, Sylvain, Johnsen, Øystein, Faivre Rampant, Patricia, Baumann, Rüdiger, Müller-Starck, Gerhard, Skrøppa, Torre, Favre, Jean-Michel, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Division of Forest Nutrition and Water Resources, Gouvernement allemand, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)
Subjects: [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, Picea abies, adaptability, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, segregation distortion, parental effect, post-zygotic selection
Abstract: International audience; In forest trees, environmental conditions during reproduction can greatly influence progeny performance. This phenomenon probably results from adaptive phenotypic plasticity but also may be associated with genotypic selection. In order to determine whether selective effects during the reproduction are environment specific, single pair-crosses of Norway spruce were studied in two contrasted maternal environments (warm and cold conditions). One family expressed large and the other small phenotypic differences between these crossing environments. The inheritance of genetic polymorphism was analysed at the seed stage. Four parental genetic maps covering 66 to 78% of the genome were constructed using 190 to 200 loci. After correcting for multiple testing, there is no evidence of locus under strong and repeatable selection. The maternal environment could thus only induce limited genotypic-selection effects during reproductive steps, and performance of progenies may be mainly affected by a long-lasting epigenetic memory regulated by temperature and photoperiod prevailing during seed production.
Published: 2008

36. Une analyse des stratégies d'échantillonnage des réseaux de surveillance de la qualité des sols en Europe

Author: Xavier Morvan, Richer-De-Forges, Anne C., Arrouays, Dominique D., Christine Le Bas, Saby, Nicolas N., Jones, R. J. A., Verheijen, F. G. A., Bellamy, P., Mark Kibblewhite, Stephens, M., Freudenschuss, A., Strauss, P., Spiegel, H., Verdoodt, A., Goidts, E., Colinet, G., Sishkov, T., Kolev, N., Penizek, V., Kobza, J., Balström, T., Penu, P., Köster, T., Claudy Jolivet, Baritz, R., Kosmas, C., Becher, G., P Renaud, J., Arnoldussen, A. H., Pavlenda, P., Neville, P., Michopoulos, P., Herzberger, E., Simocic, P., Fay, D., Buivydaite, V. V., Karklins, A., Camilleri, S., Sammut, S., Higgins, A., Claude Jordan, Rutgers, M., Niedzwiecki, J., Stuczynski, T., Goncalves, M. C., Dias Mano, R., Simota, C., Lilly, A., Hudson, G., Mats Olsson, Lilja, H., Simo Josa, I., Zupan, M., Steven Sleutel, InfoSol (InfoSol), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Groupe d'Étude sur les Géomatériaux et Environnements Naturels, Anthropiques et Archéologiques - EA 3795 (GEGENAA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Maison des Sciences Humaines de Champagne-Ardenne (MSH-URCA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Cranfield University, Federal environment agency, Federal Agency for Water Management, Institute for Soil and Water Management Research, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Soil Science, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Université de Liège, Nikola Poushkarov Institute of Soil Science, Czech University of Life Science, Institute of Geography and Geology, Agricultural Research Centre (ARC), Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU), Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), Agricultural University of Athens, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Inventaire Forestier National (IFN), Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, National Forest Centre - Národné lesnícke centrum [Zvolen], Coillte, Partenaires INRAE, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests Natural Hazards and Landscape, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Teagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority (Teagasc), Lithuanian University of Agriculture, Latvia University of Agriculture, Soil Fertility Research Institute, Ministry for Rural Affairs and the Environment, Agri Food and Biosciences Institute, Laboratory for Ecological Risk Assessment, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG), Estação Agronómica Nacional, Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos (INRB), Research Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry (ICPA), Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Agrifood Research Finland, Generalitat de Catalunya, and University of Ljubljana
Subjects: PEDOLOGIE, SURVEILLANCE, RMQS, RESEAU DE MESURES, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2007

37. Tree fine root Ca/Al molar ratio - Indicator of Al and acidity stress

Author: Douglas L. Godbold, U. Puttsepp, L. Sas-Paszt, Krista Lõhmus, Yasuhiro Hirano, Ivano Brunner, Elena Vanguelova, Mark R. Bakker, Toril D. Eldhuset, Environmental and Human Sciences Division, Forest Research [Great Britain], Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture, Transfert Sol-Plante et Cycle des Eléments Minéraux dans les Ecosystèmes Cultivés (TCEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, University of Tartu, and University of Wales
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Plant growth, Chemistry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Plant Science, 15. Life on land, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, Stress (mechanics), Molar ratio, Soil pH, Environmental chemistry, Botany, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Terrestrial ecosystem, Tree health, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 010606 plant biology & botany, Field conditions
Abstract: International audience; High soil acidity and elevated soil Al concentrations limit plant growth in many terrestrial ecosystems. Aluminium toxicity can be ameliorated by Ca. Thus, Ca/Al molar ratios in soil solution and in plant tissues have been proposed as superior indicators than Al concentration itself for evaluating the Al toxicity stress to trees (Cronan & Grigal, J Environ Qual 1995;24:209-226). This article presents an overview of publications since 1995 where the reduced Ca/Al ratio in fine tree roots has been used as an indicator of stress for Al and/or soil acidity. The main aim of this review was to evaluate the use and the critical threshold of the fine root Ca/Al ratio as a potential indicator for Al toxicity stress to trees in acid soils. Based on the reviewed literature, the fine root Ca/Al molar ratio was strongly negatively related to Al stress in small tree seedlings in controlled environments, whereas the response was not clear under field conditions where other environmental factors interact. Fine root Ca/Al ranged from 0.03 to 17 in tree seedlings and from 0.1 to 18 in mature trees depending on experimental and site conditions, as well as the tolerance and uptake mechanisms of the different tree species. Fine root Ca/Al was positively related to the soil solution Ca/Al molar ratio. Fine root Ca/Al ratios were related positively to fine root length, growth, specific root length, and biomass, and negatively to root diameter, callose formation, respiration chain activity, starch concentration, and root necromass. A number of relationships have been also found between the fine root Ca/Al and above-ground seedling and/or mature tree growth and nutrient uptake. The critical thresholds for the Ca/Al fine root ratio of 0.2 suggested by Cronan and Grigal (1995) is estimated to represent 90% risk of inverse impact on root and above-ground tree growth. Values of Ca/Al molar ratio in the fine roots of mature trees were only rarely determined below the critical 0.2. The caveats for the use and the interpretation of Ca/Al ratio in fine roots have been addressed in detail. A protocol for root processing and elemental analysis to obtain reliable and comparable results of Ca and Al concentrations in roots is also provided. The article concludes with recommendations for a wider use of the Ca/Al ratio in roots as a bioindicator of Al toxicity to trees in acid soils.
Published: 2007
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38. Fine roots and ectomycorrhizas as indicators of environmental change

Author: Isabella Børja, Odair Alberton, Hojka Kraigher, Tine Grebenc, Maria Rudawska, Barbara Kieliszewska-Rokicka, Tarja Lehto, Pavel Cudlín, Tomasz Leski, Bohdan Konôpka, Thomas W. Kuyper, Mark R. Bakker, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), University of Joensuu, Transfert Sol-Plante et Cycle des Eléments Minéraux dans les Ecosystèmes Cultivés (TCEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB), Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Department of Forest Protection and Game Management, University of Life Sciences, and Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ozone, air ozone fumigation, Environmental change, experimental nitrogen addition, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], atmospheric carbon-dioxide, Biomass, Plant Science, fungal communities, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, ZONE BOREALE, chemistry.chemical_compound, fagus-sylvatica, Fagus sylvatica, Botany, spruce picea-abies, Tropospheric ozone, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Bodembiologie, Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, scots pine, biology, sitchensis bong carr, Natural stress, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil Biology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, PE&RC, pine pinus-sylvestris, chemistry, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, norway spruce, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Woody plant
Abstract: International audience; Human-induced and natural stress factors can affect fine roots and ectomycorrhizas. Therefore they have potential utility as indicators of environmental change. We evaluated, through meta-analysis, the magnitude of the effects of acidic deposition, nitrogen deposition, increased ozone levels, elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, and drought on fine roots and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) characteristics. Ectomycorrhizal colonization was an unsuitable parameter for environmental change, but fine root length and biomass could be useful. Acidic deposition had a significantly negative impact on fine roots, root length being more sensitive than root biomass. There were no significant effects of nitrogen deposition or elevated tropospheric ozone on the quantitative root parameters. Elevated CO2 had a significant positive effect. Drought had a significantly negative effect on fine root biomass. The negative effect of acidic deposition and the positive effect of elevated CO2 increased over time, indicating that effects were persistent contrary the other factors. The meta-analysis also showed that experimental conditions, including both laboratory and field experiments, were a major source of variation. In addition to quantitative changes, environmental changes affect the species composition of the ectomycorrhizal fungal community.
Published: 2007
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39. Thinning regimes and initial spacing for Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil.

Author: Ferraz Filho AC, Mola-Yudego B, González-Olabarria JR, and Scolforo JRS
Subjects: Brazil, Eucalyptus anatomy & histology, Time Factors, Wood anatomy & histology, Eucalyptus growth & development, Fertilizers, Forestry, Wood growth & development
Abstract: This study focuses on the effects of different thinning regimes on clonal Eucalyptus plantations growth. Four different trials, planted in 1999 and located in Bahia and Espírito Santo States, were used. Aside from thinning, initial planting density, and post thinning fertilization application were also evaluated. Before canopy closure, and therefore before excessive competition between trees took place, it was found that stands planted under low densities (667 trees per hectare) presented a lower mortality proportion when compared to stand planted under higher densities (1111 trees per hectare). However, diameter growth prior to thinning operations was not statistically different between these two densities, presenting an overall mean of 4.9 cm/year. After canopy closure and the application of the thinning treatments, it was found that thinning regimes beginning early in the life of the stand and leaving a low number of residual trees presented the highest diameter and height growth. Unthinned treatments and thinning regimes late in the life of the stand (after 5.5 years), leaving a large number of residual trees presented the highest values of basal area production. The choice of the best thinning regime for Eucalyptus clonal material will vary according to the plantation objective.
Published: 2018
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40. Characterization factors for land use impacts on biodiversity in life cycle assessment based on direct measures of plant species richness in European farmland in the 'Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forest' biome.

Author: Knudsen MT, Hermansen JE, Cederberg C, Herzog F, Vale J, Jeanneret P, Sarthou JP, Friedel JK, Balázs K, Fjellstad W, Kainz M, Wolfrum S, and Dennis P
Subjects: Agriculture, Climate Change, Europe, Biodiversity, Conservation of Natural Resources, Farms, Forests
Abstract: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a widely used tool to assess environmental sustainability of products. The LCA should optimally cover the most important environmental impact categories such as climate change, eutrophication and biodiversity. However, impacts on biodiversity are seldom included in LCAs due to methodological limitations and lack of appropriate characterization factors. When assessing organic agricultural products the omission of biodiversity in LCA is problematic, because organic systems are characterized by higher species richness at field level compared to the conventional systems. Thus, there is a need for characterization factors to estimate land use impacts on biodiversity in life cycle assessment that are able to distinguish between organic and conventional agricultural land use that can be used to supplement and validate the few currently suggested characterization factors. Based on a unique dataset derived from field recording of plant species diversity in farmland across six European countries, the present study provides new midpoint occupation Characterization Factors (CF) expressing the Potentially Disappeared Fraction (PDF) to estimate land use impacts on biodiversity in the 'Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forest' biome in Europe. The method is based on calculation of plant species on randomly selected test sites in the biome and enables the calculation of characterization factors that are sensitive to particular types of management. While species richness differs between countries, the calculated CFs are able to distinguish between different land use types (pastures (monocotyledons or mixed), arable land and hedges) and management practices (organic or conventional production systems) across countries. The new occupation CFs can be used to supplement or validate the few current CF's and can be applied in LCAs of agricultural products to assess land use impacts on species richness in the 'Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forest' biome., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2017
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41. Host and tissue variations overshadow the response of boreal moss-associated fungal communities to increased nitrogen load.

Author: Davey ML, Skogen MJ, Heegaard E, Halvorsen R, Kauserud H, and Ohlson M
Subjects: DNA, Ribosomal Spacer genetics, Nitrogen Cycle, Norway, Trees, Bryophyta microbiology, Forests, Mycorrhizae classification, Nitrogen analysis
Abstract: Human activity has more than doubled the amount of nitrogen entering the global nitrogen cycle, and the boreal forest biome is a nitrogen-limited ecosystem sensitive to nitrogen load perturbation. Although bryophyte-associated microbes contribute significantly to boreal forest ecosystem function, particularly in carbon and nitrogen cycling, little is known about their responses to anthropogenic global change. Amplicon pyrosequencing of the ITS2 region of rDNA was used to investigate how fungal communities associated with three bryophyte species responded to increased nitrogen loads in a long-term fertilization experiment in a boreal Picea abies forest in southern Norway. Overall, OTU richness, community composition and the relative abundance of specific ecological guilds were primarily influenced by host species identity and tissue type. Although not the primary factor affecting fungal communities, nitrogen addition did impact the abundance of specific guilds of fungi and the resulting overall community composition. Increased nitrogen loads decreased ectomycorrhizal abundance, with Amphinema, Cortinarius, Russula and Tylospora OTUs responding negatively to fertilization. Pathogen abundance increased with fertilization, particularly in the moss pathogen Eocronartium. Saprophytic fungi were both positively and negatively impacted by the nitrogen addition, indicating a complex community level response. The overshadowing of the effects of increased nitrogen loads by variation related to host and tissue type highlights the complexity of bryophyte-associated microbial communities and the intricate nature of their responses to anthropogenic global change., (© 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2017
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42. Erratum to: Temperature, precipitation and biotic interactions as determinants of tree seedling recruitment across the tree line ecotone.

Author: Tingstad L, Olsen SL, Klanderud K, Vandvik V, and Ohlson M
Published: 2016
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43. EARLY BUD-BREAK1 (EBB1) defines a conserved mechanism for control of bud-break in woody perennials.

Author: Busov V, Carneros E, and Yakovlev I
Subjects: Adaptation, Physiological, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Phylogeny, Plant Proteins genetics, Plant Proteins metabolism, Populus genetics, Seasons, Time Factors, Transcription Factors genetics, Transcription Factors metabolism, Plant Dormancy genetics, Plant Proteins physiology, Populus growth & development, Transcription Factors physiology
Abstract: Bud-break is an environmentally and economically important trait in trees, shrubs and vines from temperate latitudes. Poor synchronization of bud-break timing with local climates can lead to frost injuries, susceptibility to pests and pathogens and poor crop yields in fruit trees and vines. The rapid climate changes outpace the adaptive capacities of plants to respond through natural selection. This is particularly true for trees which have long generation cycle and thus the adaptive changes are significantly delayed. Therefore, to devise appropriate breeding and conservation strategies, it is imperative to understand the molecular underpinnings that govern dormancy mechanisms. We have recently identified and characterized the poplar EARLY BUD-BREAK 1 (EBB1) gene. EBB1 is a positive regulator of bud-break and encodes a transcription factor from the AP2/ERF family. Here, using comparative and functional genomics approaches we show that EBB1 function in regulation of bud-break is likely conserved across wide range of woody perennial species with importance to forestry and agriculture.
Published: 2016
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44. Extreme low temperature tolerance in woody plants.

Author: Strimbeck GR, Schaberg PG, Fossdal CG, Schröder WP, and Kjellsen TD
Abstract: Woody plants in boreal to arctic environments and high mountains survive prolonged exposure to temperatures below -40°C and minimum temperatures below -60°C, and laboratory tests show that many of these species can also survive immersion in liquid nitrogen at -196°C. Studies of biochemical changes that occur during acclimation, including recent proteomic and metabolomic studies, have identified changes in carbohydrate and compatible solute concentrations, membrane lipid composition, and proteins, notably dehydrins, that may have important roles in survival at extreme low temperature (ELT). Consideration of the biophysical mechanisms of membrane stress and strain lead to the following hypotheses for cellular and molecular mechanisms of survival at ELT: (1) Changes in lipid composition stabilize membranes at temperatures above the lipid phase transition temperature (-20 to -30°C), preventing phase changes that result in irreversible injury. (2) High concentrations of oligosaccharides promote vitrification or high viscosity in the cytoplasm in freeze-dehydrated cells, which would prevent deleterious interactions between membranes. (3) Dehydrins bind membranes and further promote vitrification or act stearically to prevent membrane-membrane interactions.
Published: 2015
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45. Temperature, precipitation and biotic interactions as determinants of tree seedling recruitment across the tree line ecotone.

Author: Tingstad L, Olsen SL, Klanderud K, Vandvik V, and Ohlson M
Subjects: Biomass, Climate Change, Cold Temperature, Norway, Rain, Seedlings physiology, Seeds physiology, Temperature, Climate, Picea physiology, Pinus sylvestris physiology
Abstract: Seedling recruitment is a critical life history stage for trees, and successful recruitment is tightly linked to both abiotic factors and biotic interactions. In order to better understand how tree species' distributions may change in response to anticipated climate change, more knowledge of the effects of complex climate and biotic interactions is needed. We conducted a seed-sowing experiment to investigate how temperature, precipitation and biotic interactions impact recruitment of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings in southern Norway. Seeds were sown into intact vegetation and experimentally created gaps. To study the combined effects of temperature and precipitation, the experiment was replicated across 12 sites, spanning a natural climate gradient from boreal to alpine and from sub-continental to oceanic. Seedling emergence and survival were assessed 12 and 16 months after sowing, respectively, and above-ground biomass and height were determined at the end of the experiment. Interestingly, very few seedlings were detected in the boreal sites, and the highest number of seedlings emerged and established in the alpine sites, indicating that low temperature did not limit seedling recruitment. Site precipitation had an overall positive effect on seedling recruitment, especially at intermediate precipitation levels. Seedling emergence, establishment and biomass were higher in gap plots compared to intact vegetation at all temperature levels. These results suggest that biotic interactions in the form of competition may be more important than temperature as a limiting factor for tree seedling recruitment in the sub- and low-alpine zone of southern Norway.
Published: 2015
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46. Quantifying surface albedo and other direct biogeophysical climate forcings of forestry activities.

Author: Bright RM, Zhao K, Jackson RB, and Cherubini F
Subjects: Biophysical Phenomena, Climate Change, Models, Theoretical, Atmosphere, Climate, Conservation of Natural Resources, Forestry
Abstract: By altering fluxes of heat, momentum, and moisture exchanges between the land surface and atmosphere, forestry and other land-use activities affect climate. Although long recognized scientifically as being important, these so-called biogeophysical forcings are rarely included in climate policies for forestry and other land management projects due to the many challenges associated with their quantification. Here, we review the scientific literature in the fields of atmospheric science and terrestrial ecology in light of three main objectives: (i) to elucidate the challenges associated with quantifying biogeophysical climate forcings connected to land use and land management, with a focus on the forestry sector; (ii) to identify and describe scientific approaches and/or metrics facilitating the quantification and interpretation of direct biogeophysical climate forcings; and (iii) to identify and recommend research priorities that can help overcome the challenges of their attribution to specific land-use activities, bridging the knowledge gap between the climate modeling, forest ecology, and resource management communities. We find that ignoring surface biogeophysics may mislead climate mitigation policies, yet existing metrics are unlikely to be sufficient. Successful metrics ought to (i) include both radiative and nonradiative climate forcings; (ii) reconcile disparities between biogeophysical and biogeochemical forcings, and (iii) acknowledge trade-offs between global and local climate benefits. We call for more coordinated research among terrestrial ecologists, resource managers, and coupled climate modelers to harmonize datasets, refine analytical techniques, and corroborate and validate metrics that are more amenable to analyses at the scale of an individual site or region., (© 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2015
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47. Different Factors for Different Causes: Analysis of the Spatial Aggregations of Fire Ignitions in Catalonia (Spain).

Author: González-Olabarria JR, Mola-Yudego B, and Coll L
Subjects: Socioeconomic Factors, Spain, Fires
Abstract: The present study analyzes the effects of different socioeconomic factors on the frequency of fire ignition occurrence, according to different original causes. The data include a set of documented ignition points in the region of Catalonia for the period 1995-2008. The analysis focused on the spatial aggregation patterns of the ignitions for each specific ignition cause. The point-based data on ignitions were interpolated into municipality-level information using kernel methods as the basis for defining five ignition density levels. Afterwards, the combination of socioeconomic factors influencing the ignition density levels of the municipalities was analyzed for each documented cause of ignition using a principal component analysis. The obtained results confirmed the idea that both the spatial aggregation patterns of fire ignitions and the factors defining their occurrence were specific for each of the causes of ignition. Intentional fires and those of unknown origin were found to have similar spatial aggregation patterns, and the presence of high ignition density areas was related to high population and high unemployment rates. Additionally, it was found that fires originated from forest work, agricultural activities, pasture burning, and lightning had a very specific behavior on their own, differing from the similarities found on the spatial aggregation of ignitions originated from smokers, electric lines, machinery, campfires, and those of intentional or unknown origin., (© 2015 Society for Risk Analysis.)
Published: 2015
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48. Monitoring forest carbon in a Tanzanian woodland using interferometric SAR: a novel methodology for REDD.

Author: Solberg S, Gizachew B, Næsset E, Gobakken T, Bollandsås OM, Mauya EW, Olsson H, Malimbwi R, and Zahabu E
Abstract: Background: REDD+ implementation requires establishment of a system for measuring, reporting and verification (MRV) of forest carbon changes. A challenge for MRV is the lack of satellite based methods that can track not only deforestation, but also degradation and forest growth, as well as a lack of historical data that can serve as a basis for a reference emission level. Working in a miombo woodland in Tanzania, we here aim at demonstrating a novel 3D satellite approach based on interferometric processing of radar imagery (InSAR)., Results: Forest carbon changes are derived from changes in the forest canopy height obtained from InSAR, i.e. decreases represent carbon loss from logging and increases represent carbon sequestration through forest growth. We fitted a model of above-ground biomass (AGB) against InSAR height, and used this to convert height changes to biomass and carbon changes. The relationship between AGB and InSAR height was weak, as the individual plots were widely scattered around the model fit. However, we consider the approach to be unique and feasible for large-scale MRV efforts in REDD+ because the low accuracy was attributable partly to small plots and other limitations in the data set, and partly to a random pixel-to-pixel variation in trunk forms. Further processing of the InSAR data provides data on the categories of forest change. The combination of InSAR data from the Shuttle RADAR Topography Mission (SRTM) and the TanDEM-X satellite mission provided both historic baseline of change for the period 2000-2011, as well as annual change 2011-2012., Conclusions: A 3D data set from InSAR is a promising tool for MRV in REDD+. The temporal changes seen by InSAR data corresponded well with, but largely supplemented, the changes derived from Landsat data.
Published: 2015
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49. DNA quantification of basidiomycetous fungi during storage of logging residues.

Author: Børja I, Alfredsen G, Filbakk T, and Fossdal CG
Abstract: The demand for bioenergy caused an increased use of logging residues, branches and treetops that were previously left on the ground after harvesting. Residues are stored outdoors in piles and it is unclear to what extent fungi transform this material. Our objective was to quantify the amount of wood degrading fungi during storage using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) to detect basidiomycetous DNA in logging residues, a novel approach in this field. We found that the qPCR method was accurate in quantifying the fungal DNA during storage. As the moisture content of the piled logging residues decreased during the storage period, the fungal DNA content also decreased. Scots pine residues contained more fungal DNA than residues from Norway spruce. Loose piles had generally more fungal DNA than bundled ones.
Published: 2015
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50. Metrics for biogeophysical climate forcings from land use and land cover changes and their inclusion in life cycle assessment: a critical review.

Author: Bright RM
Subjects: Atmosphere, Biophysics, Forests, Poaceae growth & development, Trees growth & development, Climate, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecosystem, Models, Theoretical
Abstract: The regulation by vegetation of heat, momentum, and moisture exchanges between the land surface and the atmosphere is a major component in Earth's climate system. By altering surface biogeophysics, anthropogenic land use activities often perturb these exchanges and thereby directly affect climate. Although long recognized scientifically as being important, biogeophysical climate forcings from land use and land cover changes (LULCC) are rarely included in life cycle assessment (LCA). Here, I review climate metrics for characterizing biogeophysical climate forcings from LULCC, focusing mostly on those that do not require coupled land-atmosphere climate models to compute. I discuss their merits, highlight their pros and cons in terms of their compatibility with the LCA framework, outline near-term practical guidelines and solutions for their integration, and point to areas of longer term research needs in both the climate science and LCA research communities.
Published: 2015
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