Search

Kurul Fortress is one of the fortified Northern Anatolian settlements noticeable for its finds representing the Late Hellenistic Period. The general character of the settlement reflects a fortified settlement with adjacent regular rooms surrounded by a main defensive wall supported by towers. According to the archaeological evidence obtained, it is understood that the settlement was fortified during the Pontic king Mithradates VI Eupator. The reign of Mithradates VI has an important role in military history due to the wars against the Roman Republic. In ancient sources, there are statements about how the third war (74-63 BC) brought destruction to the settlements in Pontos geography. Excavations carried out at Kurul Fortress present finds parallel to those described in ancient sources, with traces of fire reflecting a great destruction and numerous weapon finds. During excavations from 2010 to 2022, a total of 1,289 weapons were found, 967 of which are metal. Among the metal weapons in which iron and lead are used as raw materials, long-range weapons constitute the largest percentage. With this study, it is aimed to reconsider the long-range metal weapons found at Kurul Fortress with regard to the current data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morphometric relationships among 338 specimens of species of the genus Apodemus representing 17 localities and their neighbourhoods from North Anatolia and Turkish Thrace were explored. Taxonomic relations of Apodemus were analysed by using outline geometric morphometries based on the first upper molar for the first time, thus aiming to have a better understanding of size and shape variations separately. Apodemus agrarius (subgenus Apodemus) was identified as a more differentiated species in terms of shape analysis. Apodemus mystacinus (subgenus Karstomys) differentiation was especially obvious for molar size but clustered close together with species of Sylvaemus in the morphospace. The outcome of this study confirms the presence of taxonomic complexity among species of the subgenus Sylvaemus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers some terracotta lamps from recent rescue excavations by the Sinop Archaeological Museum in ancient Sinope, classifying them by types and chronological groups, from the 2nd century BC to the 7th century AD. The lamps represent part of the local lamp-making tradition, which is underinvestigated although equally important as the amphora production industry in this eastern Paphlagonian city.

Objective: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a common, inherited, autosomal recessive inflammatory disease in children. The diagnosis of FMF is based on clinical features and positive family history supported with genetic testing. This study aimed to determine the frequency and distribution of Mediterranean fever (MEFV) gene alterations of a city in Northern Anatolia. Materials and Methods: We evaluated MEFV gene mutations in 374 children preliminary diagnosed as FMF by a commercial kit based on real-time polymerase chain reaction technique in a one-year period, and screened 12 mutations. Results: At least one mutation was detected in 213 patients (57%) and 38 genotypes with 1 1 distinct mutations.A total of 137 (64. 3%) of mutation-positive children were heterozygous, 45 (21. 1%) were compound heterozygous, and 2 (0.9%) were complex heterozygous; and 14 (6.4%) patients were homozygous, 6 (2.8%) were compound homozygous, and 3 (1.4%) were complex homozygous. With a frequency of 50.1%, R202Q was the most common mutation. Also, R202Q/M694V was the most common compound heterozygous genotype. In 43 alleles, R202Q-M694V mutations were found to be in linkage disequilibrium. In our cohort, M694V E148Q, V726A, and M680I (G/C) were other common mutations; whereas F479L, A744S, K695R, P369S, M694I, and R76IH were the rare mutations. None of our patients had M680I (G/A) mutation. Conclusion: We determined the most common MEFV alteration prevalence in children of our region for the first time. The high R202Q mutation and linkage disequilibrium (LD) rates were the remarkable results of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Review of Hydrobiology is the property of NK Yayincilik Egitim Hizmetleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The middle Miocene shallow-marine siliciclastic succession in the Sinop Peninsula, north-central Turkey, bears a well-preserved sedimentary record of syndepositional deformation associated with the buried escarpment of an oblique-slip dextral reverse fault and attributed to seismotectonic activity. The deposition occurred in a marginal trough at the edge of a tectonically inverted retroarc foreland basin of the Central Pontides. The synsedimentary deformation involved contemporaneous shoreface deposits and their consolidated, weakly cemented littoral substrate. Deformation features include neptunian dykes, convolute stratification, plumose transposition structure, injection dykes, diapirs, and large sandstone blocks dislodged from the fault escarpment. The genetic sequence of deformation structures deciphered from the outcrop section indicates 3 main episodes of seismotectonic activity associated with the fault and separated by renewed sediment accumulation. The first episode formed a surface rupture equal to about a third of the total minimum vertical displacement, estimated at ~5.5 m, with a detachment of a large sandstone block from the fault scarp. The second episode is inferred to have involved at least 2 closely consecutive earthquakes, which caused partial liquefaction and fluidization of footwall sediment. The last episode of fault activity caused detachment of an even larger sandstone block and was followed by abrupt basin subsidence, possibly accompanied by a minor tsunami. The seismotectonic events postdated the Pontide orogen and are considered to represent an early phase of neotectonic activity in the north-central Turkey, heralding the development of the North Anatolian Fault Zone. Similar deformation features associated with fault escarpments are potentially common in the stratigraphic record, but may have been lumped with fault breccias or talus deposits and escaped recognition. The study offers detailed sedimentological criteria for the recognition of syndepositional seismotectonic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Sediments from the Black Sea, a region historically dominated by forests and steppe landscapes, are a valuable source of detailed information on the changes in regional terrestrial and aquatic environments at decadal to millennial scales. Here we present multi-proxy environmental records (pollen, dinoflagellate cysts, Ca, Ti and oxygen isotope data) from the uppermost 305cm of the core 22-GC3 (42°13.53′N, 36°29.55′E) collected from a water depth of 838m in the southern part of the Black Sea in 2007. The records span the last ~18kyr (all ages are given in cal kyr BP). The pollen data reveal the dominance of the Artemisia-steppe in the region, suggesting rather dry/cold environments ~18–14.5kyr BP. Warming/humidity increase during melt-water pulses (~16.1–14.5kyr BP), indicated by δ 18 O records from the 22-GC3 core sediment and from the Sofular Cave stalagmite, is expressed in more negative δ 13 C values from the Sofular Cave, usually interpreted as the spreading of C3 plants. The records representing the interstadial complex (~14.5–12.9kyr BP) show an increase in temperature and moisture, indicated by forest development, increased primary productivity and reduced surface run-off, whereas the switch from primary terrigenous to primary authigenic Ca origin occurs ~500yr later. The Younger Dryas cooling is clearly demonstrated by more negative δ13C values from the Sofular Cave and a reduction of pines. The early Holocene (11.7–8.5kyr BP) interval reveals relatively dry conditions compared to the mostly moist and warm middle Holocene (8.5–5kyr BP), which is characterized by the establishment of the species-rich warm mixed and temperate deciduous forests in the low elevation belt, temperate deciduous beech-hornbeam forests in the middle and cool conifer forest in upper mountain belt. The border between the early and middle Holocene in the vegetation records coincides with the opening of the Mediterranean corridor at ~8.3kyr BP, as indicated by a marked change in the dinocyst assemblages and in the sediment lithology. Changes in the pollen assemblages indicate a reduction in forest cover after ~5kyr BP, which was likely caused by increased anthropogenic pressure on the regional vegetation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this study, we analyzed 436 pellet samples of bam owl (Tyto alba) which were collected from Kizikrmak Delta (Samsun, Northern Anatolia). As a result of our analysis of the pellet composition of barn owl, we found Suncus etruscus samples with about 1%. Previous studies show S. etruscus has a distribution in Western and Southern Anatolia.This study reveals the first records of S. etruscus is filled in the gap in the species distibution range in Northeastern Anatolia, Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty obsidian samples from Central and North Anatolia were dated by the fission track method. Split samples analyzed in two different laboratories give consistent results. Data presented refer to three volcanic fields and are summarized as follows: Orta-Sakaeli (Northern Anatolia) obsidians with ages from 21-23 Ma; Göllü Dagi dome complex near Çiftlik (Central anatolia) has given ages between 1.33-0.98 Ma; Acigöl caldera (Central Anatolia) shows three age groups: (1) Eruptions of precaldera (Bogazköy) obsidians with ages 0.18-0.15 Ma; (2) Formation of the large intracaldera dome Kocadag-Taskesiktepe at about 0.08 Ma (uncorrected 'apparent' age of 0.075 Ma); and (3) Acigöl peripheral obsidian domes with plateau ages of 0.020 and 0.019 Ma, and an additional uncorrected age of 0.018 Ma form a distinct age group. This fission track parameters discriminate between the various obsidian sources of prehistoric obsidian artifacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the crustal thickness (Moho depth) variations in the Black Sea and surrounding region were calculated from the regional gravity anomaly data using an empirical equation. The data were obtained from the open source of Bureau Gravimétrique International (BGI) in digitized form. The gravity anomaly values are changing from −80 mGal in the onshore Black Sea region in Turkey to 260 mGal in the deeper parts of the sea. Maximum gravity anomaly indicates a consistent pattern in the offshore Black Sea and anomaly pattern follows the shape of the shoreline. The pattern is consistent with the deeper parts in the marine area and the eastern anomaly extends into the Russian territory between NW of Georgia and SE of the Crimean Peninsula. The crustal thickness map indicates almost the same trends. In this map, the minimum crustal thickness is about 10 km around the mid of the Shatsky Ridge, close to the coastal regions of SE Russia and the second thinnest (12 km) place is located around the Western Black Sea Basin. The maximum thicknesses are represented with the 34–36 km contours in the onshore Eastern Black Sea region and east of Anatolia. On the other hand, the maximum crustal thickness to the north can reach up to 28 km around the Sea of Azov and to the east. The thickness variations are generally related with the main tectonic trends in this region. The Analytic Signal (AS) and maxima points of the horizontal gradients (maxspots) maps constructed from the gravity anomalies are also prepared in this research to see if these anomaly trends follow the tectonic lines. The regions of maximum and minimum crustal thicknesses are well-consistent with the AS anomalies and boundaries of the bifocal thin crustal sections coinciding with the Eastern and Western Black Sea basinal parts are surrounded with the maxspots. The northern thick crustal region around the southern margin of the Indolo-Kuban Basin is also surrounded by the maxspots. It is possible to claim that the maxspots map from the horizontal gradient of Bouguer anomalies reflects the boundaries of the main tectonic units in the Black Sea Region. Particularly, southern boundary of the Scythian Platform, southern boundary of the Shatsky Ridge and Great Caucasus thrust are distinctive and easy to follow in the maxspots map. Image 1 • Positive gravity anomalies in the Black Sea region follow the shorelines. • Thin crustal zones are about 10 km under the deeper parts of the sea. • Maximum thickness is about 36 km under the Pontides, onshore Turkey. • Analytic Signal and maxspots maps of the anomalies were also prepared in this study. • All produced maps are consistent to each other and main tectonic units in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]