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1. Halogen chemistry in volcanic plumes: a 1D framework based on MOCAGE 1D (version R1.18.1) preparing 3D global chemistry modelling

Author: Virginie Marécal, Ronan Voisin-Plessis, Tjarda Jane Roberts, Alessandro Aiuppa, Herizo Narivelo, Paul David Hamer, Béatrice Josse, Jonathan Guth, Luke Surl, Lisa Grellier, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare [Palermo] (DiSTeM), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Department of Chemistry [Aberdeen], School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen-University of Aberdeen, STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Interprofessionnel Technique d'Etude des Pollutions Atmosphériques (CITEPA), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), VOLC-HAL-CLIM: ANR-18-CE1-0018, and ANR-18-CE01-0018,VOLC-HAL-CLIM,Halogènes volcaniques : de la Terre profonde aux impacts atmosphériques(2018)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Halogen chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Volcanic emissions, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, General Medicine
Abstract: HBr emissions from volcanoes lead rapidly to the formation of BrO within volcanic plumes and have an impact on tropospheric chemistry, at least at the local and regional scales. The motivation of this paper is to prepare a framework for further 3D modelling of volcanic halogen emissions in order to determine their fate within the volcanic plume and then in the atmosphere at the regional and global scales. The main aim is to evaluate the ability of the model to produce a realistic partitioning of bromine species within a grid box size typical of MOCAGE (Model Of atmospheric Chemistry At larGE scale) 3D (0.5∘ × 0.5∘). This work is based on a 1D single-column configuration of the global chemistry-transport model MOCAGE that has low enough computational cost to allow us to perform a large set of sensitivity simulations. This paper uses the emissions from the Mount Etna eruption on 10 May 2008. Several reactions are added to MOCAGE to represent the volcanic plume halogen chemistry. A simple plume parameterisation is also implemented and tested. The use of this parameterisation tends to only slightly limit the efficiency of BrO net production. Both simulations with and without the parameterisation give results for the partitioning of the bromine species, of ozone depletion and of the BrO/SO2 ratio that are consistent with previous studies. A series of test experiments were performed to evaluate the sensitivity of the results to the composition of the emissions (primary sulfate aerosols, Br radical and NO) and to the effective radius assumed for the volcanic sulfate aerosols. Simulations show that the plume chemistry is sensitive to all these parameters. We also find that the maximum altitude of the eruption changes the BrO production, which is linked to the vertical variability of the concentrations of oxidants in the background air. These sensitivity tests display changes in the bromine chemistry cycles that are generally at least as important as the plume parameterisation. Overall, the version of the MOCAGE chemistry developed for this study is suitable to produce the expected halogen chemistry in volcanic plumes during daytime and night-time.
Published: 2023
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2. From prey to predators: evidence of microplastic trophic transfer in tuna and large pelagic species in the Southwestern Tropical Atlantic

Author: Anne K.S. Justino, Guilherme V.B. Ferreira, Vincent Fauvelle, Natascha Schmidt, Véronique Lenoble, Latifa Pelage, Karla Martins, Paulo Travassos, Flávia Lucena-Frédou, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU)
Subjects: Predators, South Atlantic, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Microplastic, Plastic Pollution, Tropical fishery, General Medicine, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Toxicology, Pollution, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract: International audience; Plastic pollution is present in most marine environments; however, contamination in pelagic predators, including species of economic interest, is still poorly understood. This study aims to access the macro-and microplastic contamination in tuna and large pelagic species and verify whether a trophic transfer occurs from prey to tunas captured by two fleets in the Southwestern Tropical Atlantic (SWTA). We combined different methodological approaches to analyse the intake of macro-and microplastics. In addition to examining the plastics in the fish' stomachs, we investigated the contamination in the prey retrieved from the guts of predators. A low frequency of occurrence (3%) of macroplastic was detected in the tuna and large pelagic species; conversely, we observed a high frequency of microplastic in the tuna's stomachs (100%) and prey analysed (70%). We evinced the trophic transfer of microplastics by analysing the ingestion rate of particles in prey retrieved from the tuna stomachs. In the 34 analysed prey, we detected 355 microplastic particles. The most contaminated prey were cephalopods and fishes of the Bramidae family. The most frequent microplastic shapes in both prey and tuna stomachs were foams, pellets and fibres (< 1 mm). A variety of polymers were identified; the most frequent were styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polyamide (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene (PE). Our findings enhance scientific knowledge of how the ecological behaviour of marine species can affect microplastics intake.
Published: 2023
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3. Estimating methane emissions in the Arctic nations using surface observations from 2008 to 2019

Author: Sophie Wittig, Antoine Berchet, Isabelle Pison, Marielle Saunois, Joël Thanwerdas, Adrien Martinez, Jean-Daniel Paris, Tochinobu Machida, Motoki Sasakawa, Douglas E. J. Worthy, Xin Lan, Rona L. Thompson, Espen Sollum, Michael Arshinov, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), and Chercheur indépendant
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract: The Arctic is a critical region in terms of global warming. Environmental changes are already progressing steadily in high northern latitudes, whereby, among other effects, a high potential for enhanced methane (CH4) emissions is induced. With CH4 being a potent greenhouse gas, additional emissions from Arctic regions may intensify global warming in the future through positive feedback. Various natural and anthropogenic sources are currently contributing to the Arctic's CH4 budget; however, the quantification of those emissions remains challenging. Assessing the amount of CH4 emissions in the Arctic and their contribution to the global budget still remains challenging. On the one hand, this is due to the difficulties in carrying out accurate measurements in such remote areas. Besides, large variations in the spatial distribution of methane sources and a poor understanding of the effects of ongoing changes in carbon decomposition, vegetation and hydrology also complicate the assessment. Therefore, the aim of this work is to reduce uncertainties in current bottom-up estimates of CH4 emissions as well as soil oxidation by implementing an inverse modelling approach in order to better quantify CH4 sources and sinks for the most recent years (2008 to 2019). More precisely, the objective is to detect occurring trends in the CH4 emissions and potential changes in seasonal emission patterns. The implementation of the inversion included footprint simulations obtained with the atmospheric transport model FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model), various emission estimates from inventories and land surface models, and data on atmospheric CH4 concentrations from 41 surface observation sites in the Arctic nations. The results of the inversion showed that the majority of the CH4 sources currently present in high northern latitudes are poorly constrained by the existing observation network. Therefore, conclusions on trends and changes in the seasonal cycle could not be obtained for the corresponding CH4 sectors. Only CH4 fluxes from wetlands are adequately constrained, predominantly in North America. Within the period under study, wetland emissions show a slight negative trend in North America and a slight positive trend in East Eurasia. Overall, the estimated CH4 emissions are lower compared to the bottom-up estimates but higher than similar results from global inversions.
Published: 2023
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4. Influencing factors for microplastic intake in abundant deep-sea lanternfishes (Myctophidae)

Author: Guilherme V.B. Ferreira, Anne K.S. Justino, Leandro N. Eduardo, Natascha Schmidt, Júlia R. Martins, Frédéric Ménard, Vincent Fauvelle, Michael M. Mincarone, Flávia Lucena-Frédou, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), The Warburg Institute, School of Advanced Study, University of London, Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Environmental Chemistry, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Pollution, Waste Management and Disposal
Published: 2023
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5. The regional European atmospheric transport inversion comparison, EUROCOM

Author: Monteil, Guillaume, Broquet, Grégoire, Scholze, Marko, Lang, Matthew, Karstens, Ute, Gerbig, Christoph, Koch, Frank-Thomas, Smith, Naomi, Thompson, Rona, Luijkx, Ingrid, White, Emily, Meesters, Antoon, Ciais, Philippe, Ganesan, Anita, Manning, Alistair, Mischurow, Michael, Peters, Wouter, Peylin, Philippe, Tarniewicz, Jérome, Rigby, Matt, Rödenbeck, Christian, Vermeulen, Alex, Walton, Evie, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science [Lund], Lund University [Lund], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), Meteorology and Air Quality Group, University of Bristol [Bristol], Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Centre for Isotope Research [Groningen] (CIO), University of Groningen [Groningen], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Earth and Climate, Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), and Isotope Research
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, LAND, GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS, WIMEK, ASSIMILATION, QUANTIFICATION, Luchtkwaliteit, FRAMEWORK, UNCERTAINTIES, Air Quality, MODEL, DIOXIDE EXCHANGE, CO2 INVERSIONS, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Life Science, CYCLE, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Atmospheric inversions have been used for the past two decades to derive large-scale constraints on the sources and sinks of CO2 into the atmosphere. The development of dense in situ surface observation networks, such as ICOS in Europe, enables in theory inversions at a resolution close to the country scale in Europe. This has led to the development of many regional inversion systems capable of assimilating these high-resolution data, in Europe and elsewhere. The EUROCOM (European atmospheric transport inversion comparison) project is a collaboration between seven European research institutes, which aims at producing a collective assessment of the net carbon flux between the terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere in Europe for the period 2006–2015. It aims in particular at investigating the capacity of the inversions to deliver consistent flux estimates from the country scale up to the continental scale. The project participants were provided with a common database of in situ-observed CO2 concentrations (including the observation sites that are now part of the ICOS network) and were tasked with providing their best estimate of the net terrestrial carbon flux for that period, and for a large domain covering the entire European Union. The inversion systems differ by the transport model, the inversion approach, and the choice of observation and prior constraints, enabling us to widely explore the space of uncertainties. This paper describes the intercomparison protocol and the participating systems, and it presents the first results from a reference set of inversions, at the continental scale and in four large regions. At the continental scale, the regional inversions support the assumption that European ecosystems are a relatively small sink (-0.21±0.2 Pg C yr−1). We find that the convergence of the regional inversions at this scale is not better than that obtained in state-of-the-art global inversions. However, more robust results are obtained for sub-regions within Europe, and in these areas with dense observational coverage, the objective of delivering robust country-scale flux estimates appears achievable in the near future.
Published: 2020
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6. Evaluation of interannual variability of Arctic and Antarctic ozone loss since 1989

Author: Kristof Bognar, Steve Colwell, Anne Boynard, Audrey Lecouffe, Michel VanRoozendael, Cathy Clerbaux, Andrea Pazmino, Alain Hauchecorne, Kaley A. Walker, Florence Goutail, Kimberly Strong, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Nis Jepsen, Rigel Kivi, Jean-Pierre Pommereau, Georg Hansen, Wuhu Feng, Franck Lefèvre, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Juliette Hadji-Lazaro, STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), TROPO - LATMOS, School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), and Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], chemistry.chemical_compound, Ozone, Arctic, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Mass deficit, Ozone layer, Climate change, Climate model, Atmospheric sciences, Ozone depletion, Brewer-Dobson circulation
Abstract: Ozone depletion over Polar Regions is monitored each year by satellite and ground-based instruments. The first signs of healing of the ozone layer linked to the decrease of ozone destructive substances (ODSs) were observed in Antarctica using different metrics (ozone mean values, ozone mass deficit, area of the ozone hole) and simple or sophisticated models. Chemistry climate models predict that climate change will not affect expected ozone recovery over Antarctica but will accelerate recovery in the Arctic due to the possible enhancement of the Brewer Dobson circulation. However, ozone loss observations by SAOZ UV-Vis spectrometers do not show a clear sign of recovery in the latter region. In addition, a record of 38% ozone loss in 2010/2011 and 2019/2020 was estimated.In this study, the vortex-averaged ozone loss in the last three decades will be evaluated for both Polar Regions using the passive ozone tracer of two chemical transport models (REPROBUS and SLIMCAT CTMs) and total ozone observations from SAOZ and satellite observations (IASI/METOP and Multi-Sensor Reanalysis (MSR-2)).The tracer method allows us to determine the evolution of the daily rate of ozone destruction, and the amplitude of the cumulative loss at the end of the winter. The cumulative ozone destruction in the Artic varies between 0-10% in relatively warm winters with short vortex duration to up to 25-38% in colder winters with longer vortex persistence, while in Antarctica it is mostly stable, around 50%.Interannual variability of 10-days average rate will be analyzed and compared between both hemispheres as well as the timing to reach different thresholds of absolute ozone loss values. Finally, linear trend of ozone loss and temperature since 2000 will be estimated in both Polar Regions in order to evaluate possible ozone recovery.
Published: 2021
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7. The hCOMET project: International database comparison of results with the comet assay in human biomonitoring. Baseline frequency of DNA damage and effect of main confounders

Author: Pavel Rossner, Roger W. L. Godschalk, Lada Živković, Gunnar Brunborg, Mahara Valverde, Juliana da Silva, Emilio Rojas, E. S. Kuznetsova, Serena Galati, Palma Lamonaca, Mirta Milić, Ekaterina I. Surikova, Helga Stopper, Bozena Novotna, Ninoslav Djelic, Sabine A. S. Langie, Katarina Volkovova, Pierre Lebailly, Delia Cavallo, Karl-Heinz Wagner, Stefano Bonassi, Monica Neri, Malgorzata Dobrzyńska, Hervé Perdry, Carina Ladeira, Alena Kažimı́rová, Rudolf Stetina, Mojgan Najafzadeh, Diana Anderson, Amaya Azqueta, Semra Sardas, Zdenka Durackova, Paula Rohr, Cristiana Pereira, Bozena Smolkova, Annamaria Buschini, Andrew Collins, Dwi Ramadhani, Anna Safar, Goran Gajski, N. P. Sirota, Idoia Ibero-Baraibar, Avdulla J. Alija, Kirsten B. Holven, Ezgi Eyluel Bangkoglu, Marcello Ceppi, Cristian Del Boˊ, Francesca Marcon, Stine Marie Ulven, Elisa Boutet-Robinet, Inger Ottestad, Biljana Spremo-Potparević, Fisnik Asllani, Annemarie Grindel, Irina A. Goroshinskaya, Maria Dusinska, Zsuzsanna Nemeth, Ricard Marcos, Tania Mandina Cardoso, Lisa Giovannelli, Vanessa Moraes de Andrade, Cinzia Lucia Ursini, Maria João Silva, Massimo Moretti, Magdalena Barancokova, Nurşen Başaran, Monika Dvořáková, Solange Costa, Vesna Dimitrijević Srećković, Susana Pastor, Omar García Lima, Marta Staruchova, Vanessa Valdiglesias, Patrizia Riso, Carlos Hernández, Cristina Andreoli, Blanca Laffon, Alba Hernández, Kristine B. Gutzkow, Carla Costa, Marco Bruzzone, Zuzana Paduchova, Peter Møller, Ela Kadioglu, João Paulo Teixeira, Gudrun Koppen, Pavel Vodicka, Henriqueta Louro, Irene Orlow, Silvia Moretti, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino [Genoa], Universidad de Navarra [Pamplona] (UNAV), Center for Applied Medical Research [Plamplona] (CIMA), Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo] (NIPH), School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism [Maastricht] (NUTRIM), Maastricht University [Maastricht], Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Instituto Nacional de Saùde Dr Ricardo Jorge [Portugal] (INSA), University of Prishtina, University of Bradford, University of Southern Santa Catarina [Florianopolis] (UNISUL), Istituto Superiore di Sanita [Rome], University of Würzburg, Slovak Medical University of Bratislava (SMU), Hacettepe University = Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Contaminants & Stress Cellulaire (ToxAlim-COMICS), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability [Parma], University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], Istituto Nazionale per l’Assicurazione contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro [Italian Workers Compensation Authority] (INAIL), Universidade Luterana do Brasil - ULBRA (BRAZIL), Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, (DeFENS), University of Milan, School of Medecine [Belgrade], University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Faculty of Veterinary Medicine [Belgrade, Serbie], National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene [Poland], Comenius University in Bratislava, Centro de Protección e Higiene de las Radiaciones [Cuba] (CPHR), NEUROFARBA Department [Firenze, Italy], Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Petrov Research Insitut of Oncology, University of Vienna [Vienna], Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institute of Health Carlos III, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Preclínicas Victoria de Girón, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences [Oslo], Faculty of Medicine [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Gazi University, Institute Of Theoretical And Experimental Biophysics, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saude de Lisboa, Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), University of A Coruña (UDC), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza [San Giovanni Rotondo] (IRCCS), Unité de recherche interdisciplinaire pour la prévention et le traitement des cancers (ANTICIPE), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer François Baclesse [Caen] (UNICANCER/CRLC), Normandie Université (NU)-UNICANCER-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-UNICANCER-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, National center for public health [Hungary], Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Memorial Sloane Kettering Cancer Center [New York], Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Faculty of Pharmacy, National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia (BATAN), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Istinye University, the Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow, Russia] (RAS), Slovak Academy of Science [Bratislava] (SAS), Faculty of Military Technology [Brno] (FMT / UoD), University of Defence in Brno (UoD), Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer François Baclesse [Caen] (UNICANCER/CRLC), UNICANCER-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-UNICANCER, and Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, DNA damage, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Environmental Genotoxicity, Population, Biomarkers, Comet assay, Human biomonitoring, Pooled analysis, HOST FACTORS, Computational biology, Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, HUMAN MICRONUCLEUS PROJECT, 0302 clinical medicine, Biomonitoring, Genetics, Humans, education, education.field_of_study, Confounding, Random effects model, 3. Good health, HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES, Genómica Funcional e Estrutural, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, CELLS, Biomarker (medicine), Genotoxicidade Ambiental, SMOKING, DNA
Abstract: [Abstract] The alkaline comet assay, or single cell gel electrophoresis, is one of the most popular methods for assessing DNA damage in human population. One of the open issues concerning this assay is the identification of those factors that can explain the large inter-individual and inter-laboratory variation. International collaborative initiatives such as the hCOMET project - a COST Action launched in 2016 - represent a valuable tool to meet this challenge. The aims of hCOMET were to establish reference values for the level of DNA damage in humans, to investigate the effect of host factors, lifestyle and exposure to genotoxic agents, and to compare different sources of assay variability. A database of 19,320 subjects was generated, pooling data from 105 studies run by 44 laboratories in 26 countries between 1999 and 2019. A mixed random effect log-linear model, in parallel with a classic meta-analysis, was applied to take into account the extensive heterogeneity of data, due to descriptor, specimen and protocol variability. As a result of this analysis interquartile intervals of DNA strand breaks (which includes alkali-labile sites) were reported for tail intensity, tail length, and tail moment (comet assay descriptors). A small variation by age was reported in some datasets, suggesting higher DNA damage in oldest age-classes, while no effect could be shown for sex or smoking habit, although the lack of data on heavy smokers has still to be considered. Finally, highly significant differences in DNA damage were found for most exposures investigated in specific studies. In conclusion, these data, which confirm that DNA damage measured by the comet assay is an excellent biomarker of exposure in several conditions, may contribute to improving the quality of study design and to the standardization of results of the comet assay in human populations. This article is based upon work from COST Action hCOMET CA15132, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology www.cost.eu) - STSM fellowships for Mirta Milić (IMROH, EU 19); IMROH, Zagreb, Croatia, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health (IMROH), Zagreb, Croatia, and the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia (Grant No. 022-0222148-2125) (EU4); Cancer Plan for PestiBG; Grant number: no ENV201401(EU 8, EU9); Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research PRIN 2005, prot. 2005058197 and Cariplo Foundation (Milan, Italy), Rif. Pratica 2007-5810 and Rif. Pratica 2010.2303 (EU 18); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC) (IG 2015/17564). (EU19); European Union Integrated Projects New Generis, 6th Framework Programme, Priority 5: Food Quality and Safety; Newborns and Genotoxic Exposure Risks, FOOD-CT-2005-016320 (EU22); ACT project No. 036APy/09 and No. 005DBB/12 (EU 24); FCT-SFRH/BPD/96196/2013, SFRH/BPD/100948/2014, Portugal (EU 26); MZ 2012/8-UKBA-8; VEGA 1/0703/13, APVV 15-0063 (EU30); Xunta de Galicia (XUGA 10605B98; INCITE08PXIB106155PR; ED481B2016/190-0; Grants ED431B2019/02), Spain (EU 32); Grant 01 173034, Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (EU 42); The Centre for Industrial and Technological Development within National Strategic Consortia for Techical Research (Industrial Research diets and food with specific characteristics for elderly, SENIFOOD); University of Navarra LE/97; Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER Obn); Carlos III Health Research Institute (CB12/03/30002); Ministerio de Economia y Compatitividad (‘Ramón y Cajal’ Programme, RYC-2013-14370) of the Spanish Government for personal support (EU 45); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic project Healthy Aging in Industrial Environment HAIE (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000798) which is co-financed by the European Union (European Structural and Investment funds; Operation Programme Research, Development and Education); MYES LO 1508 (EU 46); MICRODIAB Study; ClinicalTrials.org (#NCT02231736) (EU 52); The study was funded by the Italian Ministry for Education, University and Scientific Research (MIUR) - Research No. 2005-062547 (EU14, EU53); Projects financed from Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development #11146002, #175035, #173034 (EU 54); Mehr foundation organisation, UK (EU 55); MCTI/CNPQ No. 01/2016-Universal; FAPESC No. 09/2015; MEC/MCTI/CAPES/CNPQ/FAPS/ No. 09/2014, Brazil (CSA 6); the National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia (Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional) with contract number 080.01.06 3447.001 001.052.A (AS4); Slovak Grant Agency (APVT-21 013202, APVT-21- 017704); Ministry of Health, Slovak Republic (2005/43-SZU-21, 2006/07- SZU-02 MZ SR, 2005/42-SZU-20
Published: 2021
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8. Ground-based validation of the Copernicus Sentinel-5p TROPOMI NO2 measurements with the NDACC ZSL-DOAS, MAX-DOAS and Pandonia global networks

Author: Verhoelst, Tiji, Pinardi, Gala, Eskes, Henk J., Fjæraa, Ann Mari, Boersma, Klaas Folkert, Levelt, Pieternel F., Navarro-Comas, Monica, Piters, Ankie J. M., Sinyakov, Valery P., Strong, Kimberley, Veefkind, Pepijn J., Yela-González, Margarita, Verhoelst, Tijl, Compernolle, Steven, Pinardi, Gaia, Lambert, Jean-Christopher, Eskes, Henk, Eichmann, Kai-Uwe, Fjaeraa, Ann, Granville, José, Niemeijer, Sander, Cede, Alexander, Tiefengraber, Martin, Hendrick, François, Pazmino, Andrea, Bais, Alkiviadis, Bazureau, Ariane, Folkert Boersma, K, Bognar, Kristof, Dehn, Angelika, Donner, Sebastian, Elokhov, Aleksandr, Gebetsberger, Manuel, Goutail, Florence, Grutter de la Mora, Michel, Gruzdev, Aleksandr, Gratsea, Myrto, Hansen, Georg, Irie, Hitoshi, Jepsen, Nis, Kanaya, Yugo, Karagkiozidis, Dimitris, Kivi, Rigel, Kreher, Karin, Levelt, Pieternel, Liu, Cheng, Müller, Moritz, Navarro Comas, Monica, Piters, Ankie, Pommereau, Jean-Pierre, Portafaix, Thierry, Prados-Roman, Cristina, Puentedura, Olga, Querel, Richard, Remmers, Julia, Richter, Andreas, Rimmer, John, Rivera Cárdenas, Claudia, Saavedra De Miguel, Lidia, Sinyakov, Valery, Stremme, Wolfgang, Strong, Kimberly, Van Roozendaël, Michel, Pepijn Veefkind, J, Wagner, Thomas, Wittrock, Folkard, Yela González, Margarita, Zehner, Claus, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Kyrgyz National University of Jusup Balasagyn, Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, BK Scientific GmbH, Institut für Umweltphysik [Bremen] (IUP), Universität Bremen, Science [&] Technology Corporation [Delft] (S [&] T), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics [Innsbruck], University of Innsbruck, STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, European Space Research Institute (ESRIN), European Space Agency (ESA), Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, A.M.Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), National Observatory of Athens (NOA), Center for Environmental Remote Sensing [Chiba] (CEReS), Chiba University, Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Space and Earth Observation Centre [Sodankylä], Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation [Hefei], University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), University of Manchester [Manchester], Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), and University of Bremen
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract: International audience; This paper reports on consolidated ground-based validation results of the atmospheric NO2 data produced operationally since April 2018 by the TROPOMI instrument on board of the ESA/EU Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5p) satellite. Tropospheric, stratospheric, and total NO2 column data from S5p are compared to correlative measurements collected from, respectively, 19 Multi-Axis DOAS (MAX-DOAS), 26 NDACC Zenith-Scattered-Light DOAS (ZSL-DOAS), and 25 PGN/Pandora instruments distributed globally. The validation methodology gives special care to minimizing mismatch errors due to imperfect spatio-temporal co-location of the satellite and correlative data, e.g., by using tailored observation operators to account for differences in smoothing and in sampling of atmospheric structures and variability, and photochemical modelling to reduce diurnal cycle effects. Compared to the ground-based measurements, S5p data show, on an average: (i) a negative bias for the tropospheric column data, of typically −23 to −37 % in clean to slightly polluted conditions, but reaching values as high as −51 % over highly polluted areas; (ii) a slight negative bias for the stratospheric column data, of about −0.2 Pmolec/cm2, i.e. approx. −2 % in summer to −15 % in winter; and (iii) a bias ranging from zero to −50 % for the total column data, found to depend on the amplitude of the total NO2 column, with small to slightly positive bias values for columns below 6 Pmolec/cm2 and negative values above. The dispersion between S5p and correlative measurements contains mostly random components, which remain within mission requirements for the stratospheric column data (0.5 Pmolec/cm2), but exceed those for the tropospheric column data (0.7 Pmolec/cm2). While a part of the biases and dispersion may be due to representativeness differences, it is known that errors in the S5p tropospheric columns exist due to shortcomings in the (horizontally coarse) a-priori profile representation in the TM5-MP chemistry transport model used in the S5p retrieval, and to a lesser extent, to the treatment of cloud effects. Although considerable differences (up to 2 Pmolec/cm2 and more) are observed at single ground-pixel level, the near-real-time (NRTI) and off-line (OFFL) versions of the S5p NO2 operational data processor provide similar NO2 column values and validation results when globally averaged, with the NRTI values being on average 0.79 % larger than the OFFL values.
Published: 2021
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9. A Bad Start in Life? Maternal Transfer of Legacy and Emerging Poly- and Substances to Eggs in an Arctic Seabird

Author: Jouanneau, William, Leandri-Breton, Don-Jean, Corbeau, Alexandre, Herzke, Dorte, Moe, Børge, Nikiforov, Vladimir A., Gabrielsen, Geir W., Chastel, Olivier, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre FRAM, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), IPEV [330], ANR ILETOP French National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-16-CE34-0005], University of La Rochelle, France, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) CGIAR, Fonds de Recherche du Quebec -Nature et Technologies, Northern Scientific Training Program, ANR-16-CE34-0005,ILETOP,Impact des polluants historiques et émergents sur les prédateurs supérieurs marins de l'Arctique(2016), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Svalbard, emerging contaminants, black-legged kittiwake, embryonic structures, PFAS, top predator, Rissa tridactyla, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; In birds, maternal transfer is a major exposure route for several contaminants, including poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Little is known, however, about the extent of the transfer of the different PFAS compounds to the eggs, especially for alternative fluorinated compounds. In the present study, we measured legacy and emerging PFAS, including Gen-X, ADONA, and F-53B, in the plasma of prelaying black-legged kittiwake females breeding in Svalbard and the yolk of their eggs. We aimed to (1) describe the contaminant levels and patterns in both females and eggs, and (2) investigate the maternal transfer, that is, biological variables and the relationship between the females and their eggs for each compound. Contamination of both females and eggs were dominated by linPFOS then PFUnA or PFTriA. We notably found 7:3 fluorotelomer carboxylic acid-a precursor of long-chain carboxylates-in 84% of the egg yolks, and provide the first documented finding of ADONA in wildlife. Emerging compounds were all below the detection limit in female plasma. There was a linear association between females and eggs for most of the PFAS. Analyses of maternal transfer ratios in females and eggs suggest that the transfer is increasing with PFAS carbon chain length, therefore the longest chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) were preferentially transferred to the eggs. The mean n-ary sumation Sigma(PFAS) in the second-laid eggs was 73% of that in the first-laid eggs. Additional effort on assessing the outcome of maternal transfers on avian development physiology is essential, especially for PFCAs and emerging fluorinated compounds which are under-represented in experimental studies.
Published: 2021
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10. The monitoring nitrous oxide sources (MIN2OS) satellite project

Author: Joël Léonard, Jean-Luc Attié, Hélène Reynal, Christine Groot Zwaaftink, Naoko Saitoh, Laurent Berdeu, Rona Thompson, Jos Lelieveld, Elizabeth Pattey, Z. Zelinger, Audrey Fortems-Cheiney, Frédérick Pasternak, Isabelle Pison, Prabir K. Patra, Václav Nevrlý, Jan Suchánek, Olivier Saint-Pé, Rémi Chalinel, Juying Warner, Laure Brooker, Jean Sciare, Philippe Ricaud, Jérôme Vidot, Michal Dostál, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Airbus Defence and Space [Les Mureaux], ASTRIUM, Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Agriculture and Agri-Food (AAFC), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the ASCR, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Cyprus Institute (CyI), Chiba University, University of Maryland [Baltimore], Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), The TN2OR project is funded by the Région Occitanie, the University of Toulouse, the Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU)/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Météo-France, the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Airbus Defense and Space, and Sciences et technologies pour l'Aéronautique et l'Espace (STAE) foundation. RC's PhD has been funded by Région Occitanie and Airbus Defense and Space., Météo France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Airbus Defence and Space, Airbus Group, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Daytime, N2O emissions, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Equator, Soil Science, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Modelling, Atmosphere, Mixing ratio, Computers in Earth Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Atmospheric sounding, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Nitrous oxide, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Sources, Geology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Spectral bands, Atmosphere of Earth, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Satellite, Space-borne observations
Abstract: International audience; The Monitoring Nitrous Oxide Sources (MIN2OS) satellite project aims at monitoring global-scale nitrous oxide (N2O) sources by retrieving N2O surface fluxes from the inversion of space-borne N2O measurements that are sensitive to the lowermost atmospheric layers under favorable conditions. MIN2OS will provide emission estimates of N2O at a horizontal resolution of 1° × 1° on the global scale and 10 × 10 km2 on the regional scale on a weekly to monthly basis depending on the application (e.g., agriculture, national inventories, policy, scientific research). Our novel approach is based on the development of: 1) a space-borne instrument operating in the Thermal InfraRed domain providing, in clear sky conditions, N2O mixing ratio in the lowermost atmosphere (900 hPa) under favorable conditions (summer daytime) over land and under favorable and unfavorable (winter nighttime) conditions over the ocean and 2) an atmospheric inversion framework to estimate N2O surface fluxes from the atmospheric satellite observations. After studying three N2O spectral bands (B1 at 1240–1350 cm−1, B2 at 2150–2260 cm−1 and B3 at 2400–2600 cm−1), a new TIR instrument will be developed, centered at 1250–1330 cm−1, with a resolution of 0.125 cm−1, a Full Width at Half Maximum of 0.25 cm−1 and a swath of 300 km. To optimally constrain the retrieval of N2O vertical profiles, the instrument will be on-board a platform at ~830 km altitude in a sun-synchronous orbit crossing the Equator in descending node at 09:30 local time in synergy with two other platforms (Metop-SG and Sentinel-2 NG) expected to fly in 2031–32 aiming at detecting surface properties, agricultural information on the field scale and vertical profiles of atmospheric constituents and temperature. The lifetime of the MIN2OS project would be 4–5 years to study the interannual variability of N2O surface fluxes. The spectral noise can be decreased by at least a factor of 5 compared to the lowest noise accessible to date with the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer-New Generation (IASI-NG) mission. The N2O total error is expected to be less than ~1% (~3 ppbv) along the vertical. The preliminary design of the MIN2OS project results in a small instrument (payload of 90 kg, volume of 1200 × 600 × 300 mm3) with, in addition to the spectrometer, a wide field and 1-km resolution imager for cloud detection. The instruments could be hosted on a small platform, the whole satellite being largely compatible with a dual launch on VEGA-C. The MIN2OS project has been submitted to the European Space Agency Earth Explorer 11 mission ideas.
Published: 2021
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11. SCCS OPINION on Resorcinol - SCCS/1619/20 - Preliminary Opinion

Author: Bernauer, U., Bodin, L., Chaudhry, Q., Coenraads, P.J., Dusinska, M., Ezendam, J., Gaffet, E., Galli, C. L., Granum, B., Panteri, E., Rogiers, V., Rousselle, Ch., Stepnik, M., Vanhaecke, T., Wijnhoven, S., Koutsodimou, A., Uter, W., Goetz, N. von, Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung - Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scientific Committee for Consumer Safety (SCCS) (SCCS), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Scientific Committee for Consumer Safety (SCCS / EC), Scientific Committee for Consumer Safety (SCCS, EC), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Gaffet, Eric
Subjects: [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [PHYS.COND.CM-MS] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci]
Abstract: International audience; SCCS OPINION on Resorcinol - SCCS/1619/20 - Preliminary OpinionU. Bernauer, L. Bodin, Q. Chaudhry, P.J. Coenraads, M. Dusinska, J. Ezendam, E. Gaffet, C. L. Galli, B. Granum, E. Panteri, V. Rogiers, Ch. Rousselle, M. Stepnik, T. Vanhaecke, S. Wijnhoven, A. Koutsodimou, W. Uter, N. von GoetzThe SCCS adopted this scientific advice by written procedure on 16 October 2020 (38 Pages)Mise en ligne le 27 Octobre 2020https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_o_241.pdf
Published: 2020

12. Ground-based validation of the Copernicus Sentinel-5p TROPOMI NO2 measurements with the NDACC ZSL-DOAS, MAX-DOAS and Pandonia global networks

Author: Verhoelst, Tiji, Compernolle, Steven, Pinardi, Gala, Lambert, Jean-Christopher, Eskes, Henk J., Eichmann, Kai-Uwe, Fjæraa, Ann Mari, Granville, José, Niemeijer, Sander, Cede, Alexander, Tiefengraber, Martin, Hendrick, François, Pazmino, Andrea, Bais, Alkiviadis, Bazureau, Ariane, Boersma, Klaas Folkert, Bognar, Kristof, Dehn, Angelika, Donner, Sebastian, Elokhov, Aleksandr, Gebetsberger, Manuel, Goutail, Florence, Grutter de la Mora, Michel, Gruzdev, Aleksandr, Gratsea, Myrto, Hansen, Georg, Irie, Hitoshi, Jepsen, Nis, Kanaya, Yugo, Karagkiozidis, Dimitris, Kivi, Rigel, Kreher, Karin, Levelt, Pieternel F., Liu, Cheng, Müller, Moritz, Navarro-Comas, Monica, Piters, Ankie J. M., Pommereau, Jean-Pierre, Portafaix, Thierry, Puentedura, Olga, Querel, Richard, Remmers, Julia, Richter, Andreas, Rimmer, John, Rivera Cárdenas, Claudia, Saavedra De Miguel, Lidia, Sinyakov, Valery P., Strong, Kimberley, Van Roozendaël, Michel, Veefkind, Pepijn J., Wagner, Thomas, Wittrock, Folkard, Yela-González, Margarita, Zehner, Claus, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Institut für Umweltphysik [Bremen] (IUP), Universität Bremen, Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), Science [&] Technology Corporation [Delft] (S [&] T), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics [Innsbruck], University of Innsbruck, STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, European Space Research Institute (ESRIN), European Space Agency (ESA), Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, A.M.Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), National Observatory of Athens (NOA), Center for Environmental Remote Sensing [Chiba] (CEReS), Chiba University, Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Space and Earth Observation Centre [Sodankylä], Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), BK Scientific GmbH, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation [Hefei], University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Météo France-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), University of Manchester [Manchester], Kyrgyz National University, Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), and University of Bremen
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract: This paper reports on consolidated ground-based validation results of the atmospheric NO2 data produced operationally since April 2018 by the TROPOMI instrument on board of the ESA/EU Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5p) satellite. Tropospheric, stratospheric, and total NO2 column data from S5p are compared to correlative measurements collected from, respectively, 19 Multi-Axis DOAS (MAX-DOAS), 26 NDACC Zenith-Scattered-Light DOAS (ZSL-DOAS), and 25 PGN/Pandora instruments distributed globally. The validation methodology gives special care to minimizing mismatch errors due to imperfect spatio-temporal co-location of the satellite and correlative data, e.g., by using tailored observation operators to account for differences in smoothing and in sampling of atmospheric structures and variability, and photochemical modelling to reduce diurnal cycle effects. Compared to the ground-based measurements, S5p data show, on an average: (i) a negative bias for the tropospheric column data, of typically −23 to −37 % in clean to slightly polluted conditions, but reaching values as high as −51 % over highly polluted areas; (ii) a slight negative bias for the stratospheric column data, of about −0.2 Pmolec/cm2, i.e. approx. −2 % in summer to −15 % in winter; and (iii) a bias ranging from zero to −50 % for the total column data, found to depend on the amplitude of the total NO2 column, with small to slightly positive bias values for columns below 6 Pmolec/cm2 and negative values above. The dispersion between S5p and correlative measurements contains mostly random components, which remain within mission requirements for the stratospheric column data (0.5 Pmolec/cm2), but exceed those for the tropospheric column data (0.7 Pmolec/cm2). While a part of the biases and dispersion may be due to representativeness differences, it is known that errors in the S5p tropospheric columns exist due to shortcomings in the (horizontally coarse) a-priori profile representation in the TM5-MP chemistry transport model used in the S5p retrieval, and to a lesser extent, to the treatment of cloud effects. Although considerable differences (up to 2 Pmolec/cm2 and more) are observed at single ground-pixel level, the near-real-time (NRTI) and off-line (OFFL) versions of the S5p NO2 operational data processor provide similar NO2 column values and validation results when globally averaged, with the NRTI values being on average 0.79 % larger than the OFFL values.
Published: 2020
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13. Fine aerosol chemical composition and sources in Europe using high-time resolution instrumentation

Author: Minguillón, María Cruz, Prévôt, André S. H., Riffault, Véronique, Favez, Olivier, Gilardoni, Stefania, Močnik, Griša, Platt, Stephen M., Green, David, Ovadnevaite, Jurgita, Kasper-Giebl, Anne, Alastuey, Andrés, Marmureanu, Luminita, Eriksson, Axel, Sokolovic, Dunja, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima [Bologna] (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), King‘s College London, National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics (INOE), Lund University [Lund], Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovi\' ca 6, 21125 Novi Sad, Serbia, COST COLOSSAL CA16109, and ANR-11-LABX-0005,Cappa,Physiques et Chimie de l'Environnement Atmosphérique(2011)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020

14. The way forward for assessing the human health safety of cosmetics in the EU workshop proceedings

Author: Petra S. Kern, Kirstin Kosemund-Meynen, Maciej Stępnik, Christophe Rousselle, Natalie von Goetz, Janine Ezendam, Gladys Ouedraogo, Ulrike Bernauer, Emilio Benfenati, Mark T. D. Cronin, Carsten Goebel, Qasim Chaudhry, Paul L. Carmichael, Eric Gaffet, Pieter Jan Coenraads, Heli M. Hollnagel, Laurent Bodin, Berit Granum, Corrado L. Galli, Andrew Worth, Vera Rogiers, Matthew P. Dent, Maria Dusinska, Tamara Vanhaecke, Eirini Panteri, Corie A. Ellison, Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Connexin Signalling Research Group, Experimental in vitro toxicology and dermato-cosmetology, Vriendenkring VUB, Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scientific Committee for Consumer Safety (European Commission) (SCCS), Scientific Committee for Consumer Safety (SCCS) (SCCS), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Mario Negri Institute- IRCCS, Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung - Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Unilever-Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, University of Chester, University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), Procter & Gamble (P&G), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Milan, Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo] (NIPH), Dow Europe GmbH, L'Oréal Recherche France (L'Oréal Recherche), L'OREAL, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine (NIOM), Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, READ-ACROSS, Next generation risk assessment, media_common.quotation_subject, MESH: Consumer Product Safety, Context (language use), UNCERTAINTY, SUBSTANCES, Cosmetics, Hazard analysis, Toxicology, RS, THRESHOLD, 03 medical and health sciences, Human health, 0302 clinical medicine, TOXICOLOGICAL CONCERN VALUES, Product (category theory), EXPOSURE, Animal testing alternatives, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Alternative methods, RISK, CONCERN TTC, IDENTIFICATION, Animal-Free method, Replacement method, MESH: Cosmetics, DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY, 030104 developmental biology, Risk analysis (engineering), New approach methodology, Safety assessment, Animal Testing Alternative, Alternative method, Cosmetic Products, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Risk assessement, Business, Risk assessment, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Although the need for non-animal alternatives has been well recognised for the human health hazard assessment of chemicals in general, it has become especially pressing for cosmetic ingredients due to the full implementation of testing and marketing bans on animal testing under the European Cosmetics Regulation. This means that for the safety assessment of cosmetics, the necessary safety data for both the ingredients and the finished product can be drawn from validated (or scientifically-valid), so-called "Replacement methods". In view of the challenges for safety assessment without recourse to animal test data, the Methodology Working Group of the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety organised a workshop in February 2019 to discuss the key issues in regard to the use of animal-free alternative methods for the safety evaluation of cosmetic ingredients. This perspective article summarises the outcomes of this workshop and reflects on the state-of-the-art and possible way forward for the safety assessment of cosmetic ingredients for which no experimental animal data exist. The use and optimisation of "New Approach Methodology" that could be useful tools in the context of the "Next Generation Risk Assessment" and the strategic framework for safety assessment of cosmetics were discussed in depth.
Published: 2020
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15. Source Apportionment of Carbonaceous Aerosols based on High-Time Resolution Instrumentation

Author: Minguillon, Maria Cruz, Prevot, André S.H., Riffault, Véronique, Favez, Olivier, Gilardoni, Stefania, Mocnik, Grisa, Platt, Stephen, Green, David, Ovadnevaite, Jurgita, Kasper-Giebl, Anne, Alastuey, Andres, Marmureanu, Luminita, Eriksson, Axel, Sokolovic, Dunja, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Civs, Gestionnaire, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima [Bologna] (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), King‘s College London, National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics (INOE), Lund University [Lund], and Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovi\' ca 6, 21125 Novi Sad, Serbia
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE] Environmental Sciences, ACSM, BLACK CARBON, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, AETHALOMETER, respiratory system, complex mixtures, ORGANIC AEROSOL, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Carbonaceous aerosols account for a significant fraction of fine aerosol mass. The limited knowledge of organic aerosol (OA) types and sources, as well as the origin of black (BC) and brown (BrC) carbon, makes the reduction of this contribution a challenge. The relevance of the need for this information is based on the negative impact on human health caused by exposure to aerosols and the impact on the climate and the environment. Within this framework, the main challenge of COST Action CA16109 COLOSSAL Chemical On-Line cOmpoSition and Source Apportionment of fine aerosoL is to consistently assess the spatial and temporal variability of fine atmospheric aerosols across Europe, their chemical composition, and sources, trying to understand the underlying processes...
Published: 2019

16. COST Action CA16109 COLOSSAL Chemical On-Line cOmpoSition and Source Apportionment of ﬁne aerosoL

Author: Minguillón, María Cruz, Prévôt, André S. H., Riffault, Véronique, Favez, Olivier, Gilardoni, Stefania, Močnik, Griša, Platt, Stephen M., Green, David, Ovadnevaite, Jurgita, Kasper-Giebl, Anne, Alastuey, Andrés, Marmureanu, Luminita, Eriksson, Axel, Sokolovic, Dunja, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima [Bologna] (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), King‘s College London, National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics (INOE), Lund University [Lund], and Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovi\' ca 6, 21125 Novi Sad, Serbia
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

17. Seasonal soil/snow-air exchange of semivolatile organic pollutants at a coastal arctic site (Tromsø, 69°N)

Author: Paulo Casal, Athanasios Katsoyiannis, Jordi Dachs, Mariana Pizarro, Javier Castro-Jiménez, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Soil, Arctic, Snow, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, Soil Pollutants, Fugacity, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pollutant, Air Pollutants, Volatile Organic Compounds, PCB, Norway, Hexachlorobenzene, PAH, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Pollution, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Air-soil exchange, Deposition (aerosol physics), chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, Environmental science, Organic pollutants, Seasons, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; Soils are a major reservoir of semivolatile organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and exert a control on their atmospheric occurrence. We present here an assessment of the atmospheric occurrence and seasonality of soil/snow-air partitioning and exchange of PCBs, PAHs, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) in the arctic city Tromsø, northern Norway. The fugacities of the organic pollutants in soils and snow were determined using a soil fugacity sampler by equilibrating the air concentrations with those in the surface soil/snow. The concentrations in soils did not show a significant seasonality. Conversely, the ambient air concentrations and the soil (or snow) fugacity showed a clear seasonality for PCBs, HCH, HCB and some PAHs, related to temperature. Fugacities in soil/snow were correlated with those in the ambient gas phase, suggesting a close seasonal air-soil/snow coupling. Generally, there was a net deposition or close to equilibrium conditions during the winter, which contrasts with the net volatilization observed during the warmer periods. The chemicals with lower octanol-air partition coefficients showed a larger tendency for being volatilized and thus remobilized from this coastal arctic environment. Conversely, the more hydrophobic compounds were close to air-soil/snow equilibrium or showed a net deposition.
Published: 2018
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18. Inverse modelling of European CH4 emissions during 2006–2012 using different inverse models and reassessed atmospheric observations

Author: Bergamaschi, Peter, Karstens, Ute, Manning, Alistair, Saunois, Marielle, Tsuruta, Aki, Berchet, Antoine, Vermeulen, Alexander, Arnold, Tim, Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Hammer, Samuel, Levin, Ingeborg, Schmidt, Martin, Ramonet, Michel, Lopez, Morgan, Lavric, Jost, Aalto, Tuula, Chen, Huilin, Feist, Dietrich, Gerbig, Christoph, Haszpra, Laszlo, Hermansen, Ove, Manca, Giovanni, Moncrieff, John, Meinhardt, Frank, Necki, Jaroslaw, Galkowski, Michal, O'Doherty, Simon, Paramonova, Nina, Scheeren, Hubertus, Steinbacher, Martin, Dlugokencky, Ed, JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut für Umweltphysik [Heidelberg], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), Hungarian Meteorological Service (OMSz), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), Centro di Ecologia Alpina, School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EMPA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, and Hungarian Meteorological Service (OMSZ)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Zeppelinobservatoriet, Zeppelin Observatory
Abstract: International audience; We present inverse modelling (top down) estimates of European methane (CH 4) emissions for 2006-2012 based on a new quality-controlled and harmonised in situ data set from 18 European atmospheric monitoring stations. We applied an ensemble of seven inverse models and performed four inversion experiments, investigating the impact of different sets of stations and the use of a priori information on emissions. The inverse models infer total CH 4 emissions of 26.8 (20.2-29.7) Tg CH 4 yr −1 (mean, 10th and 90th percentiles from all inversions) for the EU-28 for 2006-2012 from the four inversion experiments. For comparison, total anthro-pogenic CH 4 emissions reported to UNFCCC (bottom up, based on statistical data and emissions factors) amount to only 21.3 Tg CH 4 yr −1 (2006) to 18.8 Tg CH 4 yr −1 (2012). A potential explanation for the higher range of top-down estimates compared to bottom-up inventories could be the contribution from natural sources, such as peatlands, wetlands , and wet soils. Based on seven different wetland inventories from the Wetland and Wetland CH 4 Inter-comparison of Models Project (WETCHIMP), total wetland emissions of 4.3 (2.3-8.2) Tg CH 4 yr −1 from the EU-28 are estimated. The hypothesis of significant natural emissions is supported by the finding that several inverse models yield significant seasonal cycles of derived CH 4 emissions with maxima in summer, while anthropogenic CH 4 emissions are assumed to have much lower seasonal variability. Taking into account the wetland emissions from the WETCHIMP ensemble, the top-down estimates are broadly consistent with the sum of anthropogenic and natural bottom-up inventories. However, the contribution of natural sources and their regional distribution remain rather uncertain. Furthermore, we investigate potential biases in the inverse models by comparison with regular aircraft profiles at four European sites and with vertical profiles obtained during the Infrastructure for Measurement of the European Carbon Cycle (IMECC) aircraft campaign. We present a novel approach to estimate the biases in the derived emissions, based on the comparison of simulated and measured enhancements of CH 4 compared to the background, integrated over the entire boundary layer and over the lower troposphere. The estimated average regional biases range between −40 and 20 % at the aircraft profile sites in France, Hungary and Poland.
Published: 2018
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19. Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Database and Metrics Data of Global Surface Ozone Observations

Author: Schultz, Martin G., Schröder, Sabine, Lyapina, Olga, Cooper, Owen, Galbally, Ian, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, von Schneidemesser, Erika, Tanimoto, Hiroshi, Elshorbany, Yasin, Naja, Ma, Seguel, Rodrigo, Dauert, Ute, Eckhardt, Paul, Feigenspahn, Stefan, Fiebig, Ma, Hjellbrekke, Anne-Gunn, Hong, You-Deog, Christian Kjeld, Peter, Koide, Hiroshi, Lear, Gary, Tarasick, David, Ueno, Mikio, Wallasch, Ma, Baumgardner, Darrel, Chuang, Ming-Tung, Gillett, Robert, Lee, Meehye, Molloy, Suzie, Moolla, Raeesa, Wang, Tao, Sharps, Katrina, Adame, Jose A., Ancellet, Gérard, Apadula, Francesco, Artaxo, Paul, Barlasina, Ma, Bogucka, Ma, Bonasoni, Paolo, Chang, Limseok, Colomb, Aurélie, Cuevas, Emilio, Cupeiro, Ma, Degorska, Anna, Ding, Aijun, Fröhlich, Ma, Frolova, Ma, Gadhavi, Harish, GHEUSI, François, Gilge, Stefan, Gonzalez, Ma, Gros, Valérie, Hamad, Samera H., Helmig, Detlev, Henriques, Diamantino, Hermansen, Ove, Holla, Robert, Huber, Jacques, Im, Ulas, Jaffe, Daniel A., Komala, Ninong, Kubistin, Dagmar, Lam, Ka-Se, Laurila, Tuomas, Lee, Haeyoung, Levy, Ilan, Mazzoleni, Claudio, Mazzoleni, Lynn, McClure-Begley, Audra, Mohamad, Maznorizan, Murovic, Marijana, Navarro-Comas, M., Nicodim, Florin, Parrish, David, Read, Katie A., Reid, Nick, Ries, Ludwig, Saxena, Pallavi, Schwab, James J., Scorgie, Yvonne, Senik, Irina, Simmonds, Peter, Sinha, Vinayak, Skorokhod, Andrey, Spain, Gerard, Spangl, Wolfgang, Spoor, Ronald, Springston, Stephen R., Steer, Kelvyn, Steinbacher, Martin, Suharguniyawan, Eka, Torre, Paul, Trickl, Thomas, Weili, Lin, Weller, Rolf, Xu, Xiaobin, Xue, Likun, Zhiqiang, Ma, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), CSIRO Climate Science Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies [Potsdam] (IASS), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Centro Nacional de Medio Ambiente (CENMA), German Federal Environmental Agency / Umweltbundesamt (UBA), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), National Institute of Environmental Research [South Korea] (NIER), European Environmental Agency (EEA), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Office of Air and Radiation (OAR), US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Korea], Korea University [Seoul], School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies [Johannesburg] (GAES), University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Hong Kong] (CEE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University [Hong Kong] (POLYU), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Bangor] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico (RSE), Instituto de Fisica da Universidade de São Paulo (IFUSP), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Servicio Meteorológico Nacional [Buenos Aires], Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute (IMGW - PIB), CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet), Iinstitute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute (IOS-PIB), School of Atmospheric Sciences [Nanjing], Nanjing University (NJU), Umweltbundesamt GmbH = Environment Agency Austria, Latvian Environment Geology and Meteorology Centre (LEGMC), National Atmospheric Research Laboratory [Tirupati] (NARL), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zentrum für Medizin-Meteorologische Forschung (ZMMF), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMD School of Public Health, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Institute of Arctic Alpine Research [University of Colorado Boulder] (INSTAAR), University of Colorado [Boulder], Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere (IMPA), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Department of Environmental Science [Roskilde] (ENVS), Aarhus University [Aarhus], School of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics [Bothell] (STEM), University of Washington-Bothell, Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), National Institute of Meteorological Sciences (NIMS), Air Quality and Climate Change Division [Jerusalem], Israël Ministry of Environmental Protection, Michigan Technological University (MTU), Malaysian Meteorological Department (MetMalaysia), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation [Malaysia] (MOSTI), Slovenian Environment Agency, Administratia Nationala de Meteorologie, Department of Chemistry [York, UK], University of York [York, UK], Auckland Council, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Atmospheric Sciences Research Center (ASRC), University at Albany [SUNY], State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage, A.M.Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), School of Chemistry [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISER Mohali), National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Brookhaven National Laboratory [Upton, NY] (BNL), UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY)-U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE), South Australia Environment Protection Authority (EPA), Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Thun] (EMPA), Indonesian Meteorological, Climatologicall and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), Environment Protection Authority Victoria (EPA ), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Shandong University, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Instituto de Fisica [Sao Paulo], Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Umweltbundesamt GmbH/Environment Agency Austria, National Atmospheric Research Laboratory [Tirupathi] (NARL), Météo France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE)-UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: lcsh:GE1-350, tropospheric ozone, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Monitoring, ground-level ozone, monitoring, database, Tropospheric ozone, Ecology and Environment, Atmospheric Sciences, Database, Earth sciences, ddc:550, Data and Information, Ground-level ozone, lcsh:Environmental sciences
Abstract: In support of the first Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) a relational database of global surface ozone observations has been developed and populated with hourly measurement data and enhanced metadata. A comprehensive suite of ozone data products including standard statistics, health and vegetation impact metrics, and trend information, are made available through a common data portal and a web interface. These data form the basis of the TOAR analyses focusing on human health, vegetation, and climate relevant ozone issues, which are part of this special feature. Cooperation among many data centers and individual researchers worldwide made it possible to build the world’s largest collection of in-situ hourly surface ozone data covering the period from 1970 to 2015. By combining the data from almost 10,000 measurement sites around the world with global metadata information, new analyses of surface ozone have become possible, such as the first globally consistent characterisations of measurement sites as either urban or rural/remote. Exploitation of these global metadata allows for new insights into the global distribution, and seasonal and long-term changes of tropospheric ozone and they enable TOAR to perform the first, globally consistent analysis of present-day ozone concentrations and recent ozone changes with relevance to health, agriculture, and climate. Considerable effort was made to harmonize and synthesize data formats and metadata information from various networks and individual data submissions. Extensive quality control was applied to identify questionable and erroneous data, including changes in apparent instrument offsets or calibrations. Such data were excluded from TOAR data products. Limitations of a posteriori data quality assurance are discussed. As a result of the work presented here, global coverage of surface ozone data for scientific analysis has been significantly extended. Yet, large gaps remain in the surface observation network both in terms of regions without monitoring, and in terms of regions that have monitoring programs but no public access to the data archive. Therefore future improvements to the database will require not only improved data harmonization, but also expanded data sharing and increased monitoring in data-sparse regions. This work is part of the Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) which was supported by the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) project, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Forschungszentrum Jülich, and the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO). Many institutions and agencies sup¬ported the implementation of the measurements, and the processing, quality assurance, and submission of the data contained in the TOAR database.
Published: 2017
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20. Detectability of Arctic methane sources at six sites performing continuous atmospheric measurements

Author: Thibaud Thonat, Marielle Saunois, Philippe Bousquet, Isabelle Pison, Zeli Tan, Qianlai Zhuang, Patrick Crill, Brett Thornton, David Bastviken, Ed J. Dlugokencky, Nikita Zimov, Tuomas Laurila, Juha Hatakka, Ove Hermansen, Doug E. J. Worthy, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), Guangxi Institute of Meteorological Disaster-Reducing Research, Department of Physics [Lancaster], Lancaster University, Department of Geological Sciences [Stockholm], Stockholm University, The Department of Thematic Studies - Water and Environmental Studies, Linköping University (LIU), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics, Technical University of Vienna [Vienna] (TU WIEN), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, model, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Naturgeografi, Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap, Klimagasser, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, Arctic methane, Atmosfære og klima, lcsh:Chemistry, Zeppelinobservatoriet, Greenhouse gases, lcsh:QD1-999, Physical Geography, Zeppelin Observatory, 13. Climate action, Atmosphere and climate, Earth and Related Environmental Sciences, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:Physics, CHIMERE, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Understanding the recent evolution of methane emissions in the Arctic is necessary to interpret the global methane cycle. Emissions are affected by significant uncertainties and are sensitive to climate change, leading to potential feedbacks. A polar version of the CHIMERE chemistry-transport model is used to simulate the evolution of tropospheric methane in the Arctic during 2012, including all known regional anthropogenic and natural sources, in particular freshwater emissions which are often overlooked in methane modelling. CHIMERE simulations are compared to atmospheric continuous observations at six measurement sites in the Arctic region. In winter, the Arctic is dominated by anthropogenic emissions; emissions from continental seepages and oceans, including from the East Siberian Arctic Shelf, can contribute significantly in more limited areas. In summer, emissions from wetland and freshwater sources dominate across the whole region. The model is able to reproduce the seasonality and synoptic variations of methane measured at the different sites. We find that all methane sources significantly affect the measurements at all stations at least at the synoptic scale, except for biomass burning. In particular, freshwater systems play a decisive part in summer, representing on average between 11 and 26% of the simulated Arctic methane signal at the sites. This indicates the relevance of continuous observations to gain a mechanistic understanding of Arctic methane sources. Sensitivity tests reveal that the choice of the land-surface model used to prescribe wetland emissions can be critical in correctly representing methane mixing ratios. The closest agreement with the observations is reached when using the two wetland models which have emissions peaking in August-September, while all others reach their maximum in JuneJuly. Such phasing provides an interesting constraint on wetland models which still have large uncertainties at present. Also testing different freshwater emission inventories leads to large differences in modelled methane. Attempts to include methane sinks (OH oxidation and soil uptake) reduced the model bias relative to observed atmospheric methane. The study illustrates how multiple sources, having different spatiotemporal dynamics and magnitudes, jointly influence the overall Arctic methane budget, and highlights ways towards further improved assessments. Funding Agencies|Franco-Swedish IZOMET-FS
Published: 2017
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21. Top-down assessment of the Asian carbon budget since the mid 1990s

Author: Prabir K. Patra, Philippe Ciais, Ruslan Zhuravlev, Tazu Saeki, Takashi Nakamura, Tomoko Shirai, I. T. van der Laan-Luijkx, Alexander Ganshin, Josep G. Canadell, Takashi Maki, Rachel M. Law, Toshinobu Machida, Shamil Maksyutov, Rona Thompson, Wouter Peters, Tilo Ziehn, Frédéric Chevallier, Misa Ishizawa, Benjamin Poulter, Isotope Research, Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), University of Groningen [Groningen], Central Aerological Observatory (CAO), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Montana State University (MSU), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Meteorologie en Luchtkwaliteit, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Meteorology and Air Quality, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Sink (geography), Co2 concentration, Life Science, East Asia, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, WIMEK, Global warming, Biosphere, General Chemistry, 15. Life on land, Fossil fuel emissions, Carbon neutrality, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 13. Climate action, углеродный бюджет, Environmental science, Physical geography, Азия, атмосферный углекислый газ, биосфера
Abstract: Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is the principal driver of anthropogenic climate change. Asia is an important region for the global carbon budget, with 4 of the world's 10 largest national emitters of CO2. Using an ensemble of seven atmospheric inverse systems, we estimated land biosphere fluxes (natural, land-use change and fires) based on atmospheric observations of CO2 concentration. The Asian land biosphere was a net sink of −0.46 (−0.70–0.24) PgC per year (median and range) for 1996–2012 and was mostly located in East Asia, while in South and Southeast Asia the land biosphere was close to carbon neutral. In East Asia, the annual CO2 sink increased between 1996–2001 and 2008–2012 by 0.56 (0.30–0.81) PgC, accounting for ∼35% of the increase in the global land biosphere sink. Uncertainty in the fossil fuel emissions contributes significantly (32%) to the uncertainty in land biosphere sink change., Land biosphere uptake of carbon is important in mitigating the anthropogenic increase in atmospheric CO2 and its climate forcing. Here, the authors show that land biosphere uptake of carbon in Asia has increased substantially since the mid 1990s, likely owing to reforestation and regional climate change.
Published: 2016
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22. Stratosphere-troposphere ozone exchange from high resolution MLS ozone analyses

Author: Béatrice Josse, Philippe Nédélec, Jean-Luc Attié, W. A. Lahoz, M. Claeyman, Vincent-Henri Peuch, Jerome Barre, L. El Amraoui, Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Ozone, Meteorology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, High resolution, 02 engineering and technology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Troposphere, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ozone layer, Tropospheric ozone, Stratosphere, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Network data, lcsh:QC1-999, Microwave Limb Sounder, chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: We assimilate stratospheric ozone profiles from MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) into the MOCAGE Chemistry Transport Model (CTM) to study Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange (STE). This study uses two horizontal grid resolutions of 2° and 0.2°. The combined impacts of MLS ozone assimilation and high horizontal resolution are illustrated in two case studies where STE events occurred (23 June 2009 and 17 July 2009). At high resolution the filamentary structures of stratospheric air which characterise STE events are captured by the model. To test the impact of the assimilation and the resolution, we compare model outputs from different experiments (high resolution and low resolution; MLS assimilation run and free run) with independent data (MOZAIC aircraft ozone data; WOUDC ozone sonde network data). MLS ozone analyses show a better description of the Upper Troposphere Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) region and the stratospheric intrusions than the free model run. In particular, at high horizontal resolution the MLS ozone analyses present realistic filamentary ozone structures in the UTLS and laminae structures in the ozone profile. Despite a low aspect ratio between horizontal resolution and vertical resolution in the UTLS at high horizontal resolution, MLS ozone analyses improve the vertical structures of the ozone fields. Results from backward trajectories and ozone forecasts show that assimilation at high horizontal resolution of MLS ozone profiles between 10 hPa and 215 hPa has an impact on tropospheric ozone.
Published: 2012
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23. Changes in aerosol properties during spring-summer period in the Arctic troposphere

Author: Engvall, A. -C, Radovan Krejci, Strom, J., Treffeisen, R., Scheele, R., Hermansen, O., Paatero, J., Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Department of Applied Environmental Science [Stockholm] (ITM), Norwegian Polar Institute, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, Postbus201, Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), and Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:Chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, lcsh:Physics, lcsh:QC1-999
Abstract: The change in aerosol properties during the transition from the more polluted spring to the clean summer Arctic troposphere was studied. A six year data set of observations from Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, covering the months April through June serve as the basis for the characterisation of this time period. In addition four-day-back trajectories were used to describe air mass histories. The observed transition in aerosol properties from an accumulation mode dominated to an Aitken mode dominated size distribution is discussed with respect to long-range transport and influences from natural and anthropogenic sources of aerosols and pertinent trace gases. Our study shows that the air-mass transport is an important factor modulating the physical and chemical properties observed. However, the air-mass transport cannot alone explain the yearly repeatable systematic and rather rapid change in aerosol properties, occurring within a limited time window of approximately 10 days. With a simplified phenomenological model, which delivers the nucleation potential for new particle formation, we suggest that the rapid shift in aerosol microphysical properties between the Arctic spring and summer is mainly driven by the incoming solar radiation in concert with transport of precursor gases and changes in condensational sink.
Published: 2008

24. Black carbon physical properties and mixing state in the European megacity Paris

Author: Brice Temime-Roussel, Sabine Eckhardt, Monica Crippa, Peter F. DeCarlo, Martin Gysel, André S. H. Prévôt, Andreas Stohl, Torsten Tritscher, Urs Baltensperger, Z. Jurányi, M. Laborde, Ernest Weingartner, Nicolas Marchand, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Laboratoire Chimie de l'environnement (LCE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemistry, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Analytical chemistry, Nucleation, Mineralogy, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, lcsh:QC1-999, Aerosol, lcsh:Chemistry, Wavelength, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Cloud condensation nuclei, Particle size, Mass attenuation coefficient, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, Scavenging, lcsh:Physics, Air mass, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Aerosol hygroscopicity and refractory black carbon (rBC) properties were characterised during wintertime at a suburban site in Paris, one of the biggest European cities. Hygroscopic growth factor (GF) frequency distributions, characterised by distinct modes of more-hygroscopic background aerosol and non- or slightly hygroscopic aerosol of local (or regional) origin, revealed an increase of the relative contribution of the local sources compared to the background aerosol with decreasing particle size. BC-containing particles in Paris were mainly originating from fresh traffic emissions, whereas biomass burning only gave a minor contribution. The mass size distribution of the rBC cores peaked on average at an rBC core mass equivalent diameter of DMEV ~ 150 nm. The BC-containing particles were moderately coated (coating thickness Δcoat ~ 33 nm on average for rBC cores with DMEV = 180–280 nm) and an average mass absorption coefficient (MAC) of ~ 8.6 m2 g−1 at the wavelength λ = 880 nm was observed. Different time periods were selected to investigate the properties of BC-containing particles as a function of source and air mass type. The traffic emissions were found to be non-hygroscopic (GF ≈ 1.0), and essentially all particles with a dry mobility diameter (D0) larger than D0 = 110 nm contained an rBC core. rBC from traffic emissions was further observed to be uncoated within experimental uncertainty (Δcoat ~ 2 nm ± 10 nm), to have the smallest BC core sizes (maximum of the rBC core mass size distribution at DMEV ~ 100 nm) and to have the smallest MAC (~ 7.3 m2g−1 at λ = 880 nm). The biomass burning aerosol was slightly more hygroscopic than the traffic emissions (with a distinct slightly-hygroscopic mode peaking at GF ≈ 1.1–1.2). Furthermore, only a minor fraction (&leq; 10%) of the slightly-hygroscopic particles with 1.1 &leq; GF &leq; 1.2 (and D0 = 265 nm) contained a detectable rBC core. The BC-containing particles from biomass burning were found to have a medium coating thickness as well as slightly larger mean rBC core sizes and MAC values compared to traffic emissions. The aerosol observed under the influence of aged air masses and air masses from Eastern Continental Europe was dominated by a~more-hygroscopic mode peaking at GF ≈ 1.6. Most particles (95%), in the more-hygroscopic mode at D0 = 265 nm, did not contain a detectable rBC core. A significant fraction of the BC-containing particles had a substantial coating with non-refractory aerosol components. MAC values of ~ 8.8 m2g−1 and ~ 8.3 m2g−1 at λ = 880 nm and mass mean rBC core diameters of 150 nm and 200 nm were observed for the aged and continental air mass types, respectively. The reason for the larger rBC core sizes compared to the fresh emissions – transport effects or a different rBC source – remains unclear. The dominant fraction of the BC-containing particles was found to have no or very little coating with non-refractory matter. The lack of coatings is consistent with the observation that the BC-containing particles are non- or slightly-hygroscopic, which makes them poor cloud condensation nuclei. It can therefore be expected that wet removal through nucleation scavenging is inefficient for fresh BC-containing particles in urban plumes. The mixing-state-specific cloud droplet activation behaviour of BC-containing particles including the effects of atmospheric aging processes should be considered in global simulations of atmospheric BC, as the wet removal efficiency remains a major source of uncertainty in its life-cycle.
Published: 2013
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25. Simulations of the transport and deposition of 137Cs over Europe after the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident: influence of varying emission-altitude and model horizontal and vertical resolution

Author: Anders Pöpe Møller, Anne Cozic, Yves Balkanski, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Calcul Scientifique (CALCULS), Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Population, 010501 environmental sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, lcsh:Chemistry, Atmosphere, Altitude, law, Radioactive contamination, Emission inventory, education, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], education.field_of_study, Radioactive tracer, lcsh:QC1-999, Deposition (aerosol physics), lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Mesopause, Environmental science, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: The coupled model LMDZORINCA has been used to simulate the transport, wet and dry deposition of the radioactive tracer 137Cs after accidental releases. For that reason, two horizontal resolutions were deployed and used in the model, a regular grid of 2.5° × 1.27°, and the same grid stretched over Europe to reach a resolution of 0.66° × 0.51°. The vertical dimension is represented with two different resolutions, 19 and 39 levels respectively, extending up to the mesopause. Four different simulations are presented in this work; the first uses the regular grid over 19 vertical levels assuming that the emissions took place at the surface (RG19L(S)), the second also uses the regular grid over 19 vertical levels but realistic source injection heights (RG19L); in the third resolution the grid is regular and the vertical resolution 39 levels (RG39L) and finally, it is extended to the stretched grid with 19 vertical levels (Z19L). The model is validated with the Chernobyl accident which occurred in Ukraine (ex-USSR) on 26 May 1986 using the emission inventory from Brandt et al. (2002). This accident has been widely studied since 1986, and a large database has been created containing measurements of atmospheric activity concentration and total cumulative deposition for 137Cs from most of the European countries. According to the results, the performance of the model to predict the transport and deposition of the radioactive tracer was efficient and accurate presenting low biases in activity concentrations and deposition inventories, despite the large uncertainties on the intensity of the source released. The best agreement with observations was obtained using the highest horizontal resolution of the model (Z19L run). The model managed to predict the radioactive contamination in most of the European regions (similar to De Cort et al., 1998), and also the arrival times of the radioactive fallout. As regards to the vertical resolution, the largest biases were obtained for the 39 layers run due to the increase of the levels in conjunction with the uncertainty of the source term. Moreover, the ecological half-life of 137Cs in the atmosphere after the accident ranged between 6 and 9 days, which is in good accordance to what previously reported and in the same range with the recent accident in Japan. The high response of LMDZORINCA model for 137Cs reinforces the importance of atmospheric modelling in emergency cases to gather information for protecting the population from the adverse effects of radiation.
Published: 2013
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26. Diagnosing the transition layer at extratropical latitudes using MLS O3 and MOPITT CO analyses

Author: Barré, J., El Amraoui, L., Ricaud, P., Lahoz, W.A., Attié, Jean-Luc, Peuch, V.-H., Josse, B., Marécal, V., Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), The publication of this articleis financed by CNRS-INSU, Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: lcsh:Chemistry, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], lcsh:QD1-999, lcsh:Physics, lcsh:QC1-999
Abstract: The behavior of the extratropical transition layer (ExTL) is investigated using a chemistry transport model (CTM) and analyses derived from assimilation of MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) O3 and MOPITT (Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere) CO data. We firstly focus on a stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE) case study that occurred on 15 August 2007 over the British Isles (50° N, 10° W). We evaluate the effect of data assimilation on the O3–CO correlations. It is shown that data assimilation disrupts the relationship in the transition region. When MLS O3 is assimilated, CO and O3 values are not consistent between each other, leading to unphysical correlations at the STE location. When MLS O3 and MOPITT CO assimilated fields are taken into account in the diagnostics the relationship happens to be more physical. We then use O3–CO correlations to quantify the effect of data assimilation on the height and depth of the ExTL. When the free-model run O3 and CO fields are used in the diagnostics, the ExTL distribution is found 1.1 km above the thermal tropopause and is 2.6 km wide (2σ). MOPITT CO analyses only slightly sharpen (by −0.02 km) and lower (by −0.2 km) the ExTL distribution. MLS O3 analyses provide an expansion (by +0.9 km) of the ExTL distribution, suggesting a more intense O3 mixing. However, the MLS O3 analyses ExTL distribution shows a maximum close to the thermal tropopause and a mean location closer to the thermal tropopause (+0.45 km). When MLS O3 and MOPITT CO analyses are used together, the ExTL shows a mean location that is the closest to the thermal tropopause (+0.16 km). We also extend the study at the global scale on 15 August 2007 and for the month of August 2007. MOPITT CO analyses still show a narrower chemical transition between stratosphere and troposphere than the free-model run. MLS O3 analyses move the ExTL toward the troposphere and broaden it. When MLS O3 analyses and MOPITT CO analyses are used together, the ExTL matches the thermal tropopause poleward of 50°.
Published: 2013
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27. Air quality trends in Europe over the past decade: a first multimodel assessment

Author: Colette, Augustin, Bessagnet, B., D'Angiola, Ariela, Gauss, M., Granier, Claire, Hodnebrog, O., Jakobs, H., Maurizi, A., Meleux, F., Memmesheimer, M., Nyiri, A., Rouïl, L., Russo, F., Solberg, S., Stordal, F., Tampieri, F., Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), University of Oslo (UiO), Rhenish Institute for Environmental Research (RIU), University of Cologne, CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION CHANGE, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract: We discuss the capability of current state-of-the-art chemistry and transport models to reproduce air quality trends and inter-annual variability in order to better understand their strength and weaknesses before such tools are implemented for future air quality projections. To achieve this, a coordinated modelling exercise was designed involving six chemistry and transport models (Bolchem, Chimere, Emep, Eurad, CTM2 and Mozart) simulating 10yr of air quality (1998-2007) over the hotspot of anthropogenic emissions of Western Europe. Comparisons between models and observations allow concluding on the skill of the models to capture the trends in basic atmospheric constituents (NO2, O3 and PM10). We find that the trends of primary constituent are well reproduced (yet very sensitive to the emission inventory) although capturing the moderate trend of secondary species such as O3 is more challenging. Apart from the long term trend, the modelled monthly variability is in line with the observations but the year-to-year variability in underestimated. A comparison of simulations with anthropogenic emissions being kept constant shows that the magnitude of the reduction exceeds the natural variability, hence supporting further emission management strategies.
Published: 2011

28. A new estimation of the recent tropospheric molecular hydrogen budget using atmospheric observations and variational inversion

Author: Rebecca Fisher, Jgor Arduini, Euan G. Nisbet, Ingeborg Levin, Armin Jordan, Isabelle Pison, Tuula Aalto, Nina N. Paramonova, C. Yver, Michela Maione, Viacheslav Privalov, O. A. Søvde, Martina Schmidt, Chris Rene Lunder, Michel Ramonet, Stefan Reimann, Martin K. Vollmer, G. Forster, Audrey Fortems-Cheiney, Simon O'Doherty, Frédéric Chevallier, Jakub Bartyzel, William T. Sturges, Anja Werner, Philippe Bousquet, Martin Steinbacher, Aoife Grant, Jaroslaw Necki, Andreas Engel, Samuel Hammer, David Lowry, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie (MPI-BGC), University of Oslo (UiO), Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik [Frankfurt], Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Institut für Umweltphysik [Heidelberg], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], AGH University of Science and Technology [Krakow, PL] (AGH UST), Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EMPA), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo', School of Chemistry [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), A. I. Voeikov Main Geophysical Observatory (MGO), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, SEASONAL-VARIATION, Research Groups and Centres\Earth Sciences\Ancient and Modern Earth Systems, SOUTHWEST GERMANY, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, lcsh:Chemistry, Troposphere, Zeppelinobservatoriet, Research Groups and Centres\Earth Sciences\Geochemistry, medicine, Faculty of Science\Earth Sciences, Southern Hemisphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], H-2, BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS, DEPOSITION VELOCITIES, METHYL CHLOROFORM, URBAN SITE, CO, MODEL, SOIL, Hydrogen molecule, Northern Hemisphere, Tropics, Inversion (meteorology), 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Seasonality, Mass ratio, medicine.disease, lcsh:QC1-999, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Climatology, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: This paper presents an analysis of the recent tropospheric molecular hydrogen (H2) budget with a particular focus on soil uptake and European surface emissions. A variational inversion scheme is combined with observations from the RAMCES and EUROHYDROS atmospheric networks, which include continuous measurements performed between mid-2006 and mid-2009. Net H2 surface flux, then deposition velocity and surface emissions and finally, deposition velocity, biomass burning, anthropogenic and N2 fixation-related emissions were simultaneously inverted in several scenarios. These scenarios have focused on the sensibility of the soil uptake value to different spatio-temporal distributions. The range of variations of these diverse inversion sets generate an estimate of the uncertainty for each term of the H2 budget. The net H2 flux per region (High Northern Hemisphere, Tropics and High Southern Hemisphere) varies between −8 and +8 Tg yr−1. The best inversion in terms of fit to the observations combines updated prior surface emissions and a soil deposition velocity map that is based on bottom-up and top-down estimations. Our estimate of global H2 soil uptake is −59±9 Tg yr−1. Forty per cent of this uptake is located in the High Northern Hemisphere and 55% is located in the Tropics. In terms of surface emissions, seasonality is mainly driven by biomass burning emissions. The inferred European anthropogenic emissions are consistent with independent H2 emissions estimated using a H2/CO mass ratio of 0.034 and CO emissions within the range of their respective uncertainties. Additional constraints, such as isotopic measurements would be needed to infer a more robust partition of H2 sources and sinks.
Published: 2011
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29. Air quality trends in Europe over the past decade: a first multi-model assessment

Author: Frode Stordal, Agnes Nyiri, Francesco Tampieri, Sverre Solberg, Laurence Rouil, Massimo D'Isidoro, Bertrand Bessagnet, Claire Granier, Felicita Russo, Ariela D'Angiola, Alberto Maurizi, Michael Gauss, Hermann Jakobs, F. Meleux, Michael Memmesheimer, Aude Mieville, Augustin Colette, Øivind Hodnebrog, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oslo (UiO), Rhenish Institute for Environmental Research (RIU), University of Cologne, CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, lcsh:QC1-999, lcsh:Chemistry, Long term trend, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science, Natural variability, Emission inventory, Air quality index, lcsh:Physics, Strengths and weaknesses, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: We discuss the capability of current state-of-the-art chemistry and transport models to reproduce air quality trends and interannual variability. Documenting these strengths and weaknesses on the basis of historical simulations is essential before the models are used to investigate future air quality projections. To achieve this, a coordinated modelling exercise was performed in the framework of the CityZEN European Project. It involved six regional and global chemistry-transport models (BOLCHEM, CHIMERE, EMEP, EURAD, OSLOCTM2 and MOZART) simulating air quality over the past decade in the Western European anthropogenic emissions hotspots. Comparisons between models and observations allow assessing the skills of the models to capture the trends in basic atmospheric constituents (NO2, O3, and PM10). We find that the trends of primary constituents are well reproduced (except in some countries – owing to their sensitivity to the emission inventory) although capturing the more moderate trends of secondary species such as O3 is more challenging. Apart from the long term trend, the modelled monthly variability is consistent with the observations but the year-to-year variability is generally underestimated. A comparison of simulations where anthropogenic emissions are kept constant is also investigated. We find that the magnitude of the emission-driven trend exceeds the natural variability for primary compounds. We can thus conclude that emission management strategies have had a significant impact over the past 10 yr, hence supporting further emission reductions.
Published: 2011
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30. Transcontinental source-receptor relationships identified with a Lagrangian dispersion model and cluster analysis

Author: Paris, Jean-Daniel, Stohl, Andreas, Ciais, Philippe, Ramonet, Michel, Nédélec, Philippe, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Ledig, Maria-Isabel
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Cluster, Relations source-récepteur, Transport longue distance, Eurasia, Source-receptor relationship, Long-range transport, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Eurasie, Modèles Lagrangiens de dispersions de particules, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Lagrangian particle dispersion models
Abstract: Long range transport of pollutants has the ability to degrade air quality far from emissions sources. We describe a recently developed technique for the analysis of pollutantʼs measurements that allows the identification of systematic source-receptor relationship across an observational dataset. This technique uses a Lagrangian particles dispersion model (LPDM). LPDMs calculate retroplumes that represent potential emission sensitivity (PES) for individual measurements. The PESs can be grouped according to their similarities by using a clustering algorithm. Grouping PES can inform about the impact of various patterns of long range transport on the measurements, and has the ability to deconvolve atmospheric mixing from the impact of surface emissions. We apply our method to measurements above Siberia, and found that ~20 ppb excess carbon monoxide (CO) over background is related to long range transport of biomass burning emissions in Kazakhstan, and ~10 ppb excess CO are associated to European emissions. We highlight the advantage of our method over traditional methods for theestablishment of source-receptor relationships in longrange transport studies., Le transport des polluants à longue distance peut provoquer une dégradation de la qualité de lʼair loin des sources dʼémissions. Nous décrivons ici une technique récemment développée pour lʼanalyse des mesures de polluants, qui permet lʼidentification systématique de relations source-récepteur à travers un jeu dʼobservations. Cette technique utilise un modèle lagrangien de dispersion de particules (MLDP). Les MLDP calculent des rétropanaches qui représentent la sensibilité aux émissions potentielles (SEP) pour des mesures individuelles. Les SEP peuvent être regroupées selon leurs ressemblances en utilisant un algorithme de clustering. La classification des SEP peut informer sur lʼimpact de différents modes de transport à longue distance sur les mesures, et permet de déconvoluer le mélange atmosphérique de lʼimpact des émissions de surface. Nous appliquons notre méthode à des mesures au-dessus de la Sibérie, et constatons quʼun excès de ~ 20 ppb de monoxyde de carbone (CO) par rapport aux concentrations de fond est expliqué par le transport à longue distance dʼémissions provenant de la combustion de biomasse au Kazakhstan, et que ~10 ppb dʼexcès de CO sont associés à des émissions européennes. Nous mettons en avant lʼavantage de notre méthode par rapport aux méthodes traditionnelles pour lʼétablissement de relations source-récepteur dans les études du transport à longue distance.
Published: 2010

31. The ASSET intercomparison of stratosphere and lower mesosphere humidity analyses

Author: Slimane Bekki, David Jackson, Alan J. Geer, William Lahoz, S. Rharmili, Hazel Thornton, Niels Bormann, Quentin Errera, United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), Service d'aéronomie (SA), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Meteorology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0207 environmental engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Mesosphere, lcsh:Chemistry, 010309 optics, Troposphere, Polar vortex, 0103 physical sciences, 020701 environmental engineering, Stratosphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Atmospheric sounding, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment, Aeronomy, lcsh:QC1-999, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, lcsh:Physics, Water vapor
Abstract: This paper presents results from the first detailed intercomparison of stratosphere-lower mesosphere water vapour analyses; it builds on earlier results from the EU funded framework V "Assimilation of ENVISAT Data" (ASSET) project. Stratospheric water vapour plays an important role in many key atmospheric processes and therefore an improved understanding of its daily variability is desirable. With the availability of high resolution, good quality Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) water vapour profiles, the ability of four different atmospheric models to assimilate these data is tested. MIPAS data have been assimilated over September 2003 into the models of the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), the Belgian Institute for Space and Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), the French Service d'Aéronomie (SA-IPSL) and the UK Met Office. The resultant middle atmosphere humidity analyses are compared against independent satellite data from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM III) and the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE II). The MIPAS water vapour profiles are generally well assimilated in the ECMWF, BIRA-IASB and SA systems, producing stratosphere-mesosphere water vapour fields where the main features compare favourably with the independent observations. However, the models are less capable of assimilating the MIPAS data where water vapour values are locally extreme or in regions of strong humidity gradients, such as the southern hemisphere lower stratosphere polar vortex. Differences in the analyses can be attributed to the choice of humidity control variable, how the background error covariance matrix is generated, the model resolution and its complexity, the degree of quality control of the observations and the use of observations near the model boundaries. Due to the poor performance of the Met Office analyses the results are not included in the intercomparison, but are discussed separately. The Met Office results highlight the pitfalls in humidity assimilation, and provide lessons that should be learnt by developers of stratospheric humidity assimilation systems. In particular, they underline the importance of the background error covariances in generating a realistic troposphere to mesosphere water vapour analysis.
Published: 2008
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32. The Assimilation of Envisat data (ASSET) project

Author: S. Rharmili, Marco Ridolfi, Boris Khattatov, A. F. Vik, Slimane Bekki, T. von Clarmann, D. Fonteyn, Sebastien Massart, Simone Ceccherini, Alan J. Geer, O. Talagrand, Quentin Errera, Arjo Segers, William Lahoz, David Jackson, H. E. Thornton, Niels Bormann, Vincent-Henri Peuch, Marion Marchand, Henk Eskes, Hendrik Elbern, Data Assimilation Research Centre [Reading] (DARC), University of Reading (UOR), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Rheinisches Institut für Umweltforschung (RIU), Universität zu Köln, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], Fusion Numerics, Inc, Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique (CERFACS), CERFACS, Météo-France [Paris], Météo France, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, ASSET, COST, ISSI, European Project: EVK2-CT-2002-00137, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, Météo-France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), W. A. Lahoz, A. J. Geer, S. Bekki, N. Bormann, S. Ceccherini, H. Elbern, Q. Errera, H. J. Eske, D. Fonteyn, D. R. Jackson, B. Khattatov, S. Massart, V. H. Peuch, S. Rharmili, M. Ridolfi, A. Seger, O. Talagrand, H. E. Thornton, A. F. Vik, and T. von Clarmann
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Earth observation, Meteorological reanalysis, Meteorology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Asset (computer security), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Troposphere, 010309 optics, lcsh:Chemistry, Atmospheric composition and structure, Data assimilation, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:550, Inversione, Data archival, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric composition, Assimilation (biology), Remote sensing, Numerical weather prediction, lcsh:QC1-999, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Assimilation, Environmental science, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: International audience This paper discusses the highlights of the EU-funded "Assimilation of Envisat data" (ASSET) project, which has involved assimilation of Envisat atmospheric constituent and temperature data into systems based on Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models and chemical transport models (CTMs). Envisat was launched in 2002 and is one of the largest Earth Observation (EO) satellites ever built. It carries several sophisticated EO instruments providing insights into chemistry and dynamics of the atmosphere. In this paper we focus on the assimilation of temperature and constituents from Envisat. The overarching theme of the ASSET project has been to bring together experts from all aspects of the data assimilation problem. This has allowed ASSET to address several themes comprehensively: enhancement of NWP analyses by assimilation of research satellite data; studies of the distribution of stratospheric chemical species by assimilation of research satellite data into CTM systems; objective assessment of the quality of ozone analyses; studies of the spatial and temporal evolution of tropospheric pollutants; enhanced retrievals of Envisat data; and data archival and dissemination. Among the results from the ASSET project, many of which are firsts in their field, we can mention: a positive impact on NWP analyses from assimilation of height-resolved stratospheric humidity and temperature data, and assimilation of limb radiances; the extraction of temperature information from the assimilation of chemical species into CTMs; a first intercomparison between ozone assimilation systems; the extraction of information on tropospheric pollution from assimilation of Envisat data; and the large potential of the Envisat MIPAS dataset. This paper discusses these, often novel, developments and results. Finally, achievements of, and recommendations from, the ASSET project are presented.
Published: 2007
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33. Non-coincident inter-instrument comparisons of ozone measurements using quasi-conservative coordinates

Author: D. Moore, Hans Claude, Z. Litynska, H. Debacker, Marta A. Fenn, Michael Gerding, Carolyn F. Butler, P. von der Gathen, Signe B. Andersen, Paul A. Newman, E. Kivi, J. Davies, Laurence Twigg, Esko Kyrö, P. Skrivankova, A. Benesova, I. Zaitcev, William B. Grant, Edward V. Browell, Valery Dorokhov, T. J. McGee, L. R. Lait, Manuel Gil, Richard M. Bevilacqua, Geir O. Braathen, Mark R. Schoeberl, Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] (SSAI), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), NASA Headquarters, SUNARC, Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Meteorological Service of Canada, Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI), Central Aerological Observatory (CAO), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute (IMGW - PIB), U. K. Meteorological Office, and Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics (AIP)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Ozone, lcsh:QC1-999, lcsh:Chemistry, Dial, chemistry.chemical_compound, Altitude, lcsh:QD1-999, chemistry, Coincident, Range (statistics), Environmental science, Positive bias, Coordinate space, lcsh:Physics, Remote sensing
Abstract: Ozone measurements from ozonesondes, AROTAL, DIAL, and POAM III instruments during the SOLVE-2/VINTERSOL period are composited in a time-varying, flow-following quasi-conservative (PV-θ) coordinate space; the resulting composites from each instrument are mapped onto the other instruments' locations and times. The mapped data are then used to intercompare data from the different instruments. Overall, the four ozone data sets are found to be in good agreement. AROTAL shows somewhat lower values below 16 km, and DIAL has a positive bias at the upper limits of its altitude range. These intercomparisons are consistent with those obtained from more conventional near-coincident profiles, where available. Although the PV-θ mapping technique entails larger uncertainties of individual profile differences compared to direct near-coincident comparisons, the ability to include much larger numbers of comparisons can make this technique advantageous.
Published: 2004
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34. The NDSC Ozone and Temperature LIDAR Algorithm Intercomparison Initiative (A2I): Project Overview

Author: Leblanc, T., Mcdermid, I. S., Gathen, P., Müller, M., Immler, F., Schrems, O., Stebel, K., Hansen, G., Steinbrecht, W., Claude, H., Pazmino, A., Godin-Beekmann, S., Ancellet, G., Baray, J. -L, Bencherif, H., Meijer, Y., Swart, D., Twigg, L., Mcgee, T., JEFFREY P. THAYER, Livingston, J., Keckhut, P., Hauchecorne, A., Barnes, J. E., Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique de l'atmosphère (LPA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), SRI International [Menlo Park] (SRI), Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO), ESRL Global Monitoring Laboratory [Boulder] (GML), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and Gelsomina Pappalardo and Aldo Amodeo
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract: In September 2003, the Lidar Working Group (LWG) of the Network for Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC) initiated an extensive project to compare the ozone and temperature algorithms used within NDSC. This initiative, referred to later as Algorithm Intercomparison Initiative (A2I), uses simulated lidar signals to test and compare various parts of the ozone and temperature lidar algorithms. In addition to the fact that it meets the requirement of the NDSC protocols, this exercise allows the detailed assessment, by all the participants, of some of the sources and magnitudes of various uncertainties associated with the algorithms, and/or with the theoretical assumptions made in these algorithms. The outcome of the A2I is to try to find common grounds in the way ozone and temperature can be retrieved in order to reduce and possibly eradicate discrepancies due to algorithm issues alone. Specific issues such as homogenizing the choice of Rayleigh extinction cross-sections, ozone absorption cross-sections, a priori information, and the definition of the vertical resolutions are among the primary targets of the A2I outcome.
Published: 2004

35. An overview of the SOLVE/THESEO 2000 campaign

Author: Fred Stroh, Neil R. P. Harris, H. Küllmann, Alberto Adriani, Michael J. Kurylo, Charles R. Trepte, Michel Van Roozendael, Michael S. Craig, Mark R. Schoeberl, Owen B. Toon, Philip L. DeCola, Gérard Mégie, M. Guirlet, Niels Larsen, Geir O. Braathen, William H. Brune, Kenneth S. Carslaw, Jean-Pierre Pommereau, James G. Anderson, Lamont R. Poole, G. T. Amanatidis, Paul A. Newman, R. Stephen Hipskind, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit [Cambridge] (EORCU), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), European Commission - DG Research and Innovation, Harvard University, Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, University of Leeds, NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), NASA Headquarters, Analytic and Computational Research, Inc. - Earth Sciences (ACRI-ST), National Institute of Standards and Technology [Gaithersburg] (NIST), University of Bremen, Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, University of Colorado [Boulder], and Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB)
Subjects: polar vortex, Atmospheric Science, Ozone, Middle atmosphere dynamics, Soil Science, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, SOLVE, Geochemistry and Petrology, Polar vortex, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), ddc:550, Stratosphere, ozone loss, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Middle atmosphere-energy deposition, Ecology, Polar meteorology, Northern Hemisphere, Paleontology, Lift (soaring), Forestry, Ozone depletion, ozone, Geophysics, Arctic, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Climatology, stratosphere, Environmental science, THESEO 2000
Abstract: International audience; Between November 1999 and April 2000, two major field experiments, the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE) and the Third European Stratospheric Experiment on Ozone (THESEO 2000), collaborated to form the largest field campaign yet mounted to study Arctic ozone loss. This international campaign involved more than 500 scientists from over 20 countries. These scientists made measurements across the high and middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. The main scientific aims of SOLVE/THESEO 2000 were to study (1) the processes leading to ozone loss in the Arctic vortex and (2) the effect on ozone amounts over northern midlatitudes. The campaign included satellites, research balloons, six aircraft, ground stations, and scores of ozonesondes. Campaign activities were principally conducted in three intensive measurement phases centered on early December 1999, late January 2000, and early March 2000. Observations made during the campaign showed that temperatures were below normal in the polar lower stratosphere over the course of the 1999-2000 winter. Because of these low temperatures, extensive polar stratospheric clouds (PSC) formed across the Arctic. Large particles containing nitric acid trihydrate were observed for the first time, showing that denitrification can occur without the formation of ice particles. Heterogeneous chemical reactions on the surfaces of the PSC particles produced high levels of reactive chlorine within the polar vortex by early January. This reactive chlorine catalytically destroyed about 60% of the ozone in a layer near 20 km between late January and mid-March 2000, with good agreement being found between a number of empirical and modeling studies. The measurements made during SOLVE/THESEO 2000 have improved our understanding of key photochemical parameters and the evolution of ozone-destroying forms of chlorine.
Published: 2002
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36. 4D-Var assimilation of MIPAS chemical observations: Ozone and nitrogen dioxide analyses

Author: Frank Daerden, Quentin Errera, William Lahoz, D. Fonteyn, Jean-Christopher Lambert, Sébastien Viscardy, S. Bonjean, Simon Chabrillat, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), and Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Ozone, Meteorology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, Occultation, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Data assimilation, 020401 chemical engineering, Ozone layer, Nitrogen dioxide, 0204 chemical engineering, Stratosphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Atmospheric sounding, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Ozone depletion, lcsh:QC1-999, chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: This paper discusses the global analyses of stratospheric ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) obtained by the Belgian Assimilation System for Chemical Observations from Envisat (BASCOE). Based on a chemistry transport model (CTM) and the 4-dimensional variational (4D-Var) method, BASCOE has assimilated chemical observations of O3, NO2, HNO3, N2O, CH4 and H2O, made between July 2002 and March 2004 by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) onboard the European Space Agency (ESA) Environment Satellite (ENVISAT). This corresponds to the entire period during which MIPAS was operating at its nominal resolution. Our analyses are evaluated against assimilated MIPAS data and independent HALOE (HALogen Occultation Experiment) and POAM-III (Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement) satellite data. A good agreement is generally found between the analyses and these datasets, in both cases within the estimated error bars of the observations. The benefit of data assimilation is also evaluated by comparing a BASCOE free model run with MIPAS observations. For O3, the gain from the assimilation is significant during ozone hole conditions, and in the lower stratosphere. Elsewhere, the assimilation does not provide significant improvement. For NO2, the gain from the assimilation is realized through most of the stratosphere. Using the BASCOE analyses, we estimate the differences between MIPAS data and independent data from HALOE and POAM-III, and find results close to those obtained by classical validation methods involving only direct measurement-to-measurement comparisons. Our results extend and reinforce previous MIPAS data validation efforts by taking into account a much larger variety of atmospheric states and measurement conditions. This study discusses possible further developments of the BASCOE data assimilation system; these concern the horizontal resolution, a better filtering of NO2 observations, and the photolysis calculation near the lid of the model. The ozone analyses are part of the PROMOTE project and are publicly available via the BASCOE website (http://www.bascoe.oma.be/promote/).

37. Sampling of an STT event over the Eastern Mediterranean region by lidar and electrochemical sonde

Author: Vassilis Amiridis, Dimitris Balis, Christos Zerefos, Andreas Stohl, Heini Wernli, Alexandros Papayannis, E. Galani, Prodromos Zanis, Sabine Eckhardt, Department of Physics, Okayama University, Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Research Centre for Atmospheric Physics and Climatology [Athens], Academy of Athens, Institute for Atmospheric Physics [Mainz] (IPA), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Laboratory of Climatology and Atmospheric Environment [Athens] (LACAE), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), and EGU, Publication
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Troposphere, Atmosphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Potential vorticity, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Mixing ratio, lcsh:Science, Stratosphere, Air mass, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:QC801-809, Geology, Astronomy and Astrophysics, lcsh:QC1-999, lcsh:Geophysics. Cosmic physics, Lidar, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: A two-wavelength ultraviolet (289–316nm) ozone Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) system is used to perform ozone measurements in the free troposphere in the Eastern Mediterranean (Northern Greece). The ozone DIAL profiles obtained during a Stratosphere-to-Troposphere Transport (STT) event are compared to that acquired by an electrochemical ozonesonde, in the altitude range between 2 and 10 km. The measurement accuracy of these two instruments is also discussed. The mean difference between the ozone profiles obtained by the two techniques is of the order of 1.11 ppbv (1.86%), while the corresponding standard deviation is 4.69 ppbv (8.16%). A case study of an STT event which occurred on 29 November 2000 is presented and analyzed, using ozone lidar, satellite and meteorological data, as well as air mass back-trajectory analysis. During this STT event ozone mixing ratios of 55–65 ppbv were observed between 5 and 7 km height above sea level (a.s.l.). Stratospheric air was mixed with tropospheric air masses, leading to potential vorticity (PV) losses due to diabatic processes. The ozone DIAL system can be used for following STT events and small-scale mixing phenomena in the free troposphere, and for providing sequences of vertical ozone profiles in the free troposphere. Keywords. Atmospheric composition and structure (Evolution of the atmosphere; Instruments and techniques) – Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (Middle atmosphere dynamics; Turbulence)

38. A comprehensive quantification of global nitrous oxide sources and sinks.

Author: Tian H, Xu R, Canadell JG, Thompson RL, Winiwarter W, Suntharalingam P, Davidson EA, Ciais P, Jackson RB, Janssens-Maenhout G, Prather MJ, Regnier P, Pan N, Pan S, Peters GP, Shi H, Tubiello FN, Zaehle S, Zhou F, Arneth A, Battaglia G, Berthet S, Bopp L, Bouwman AF, Buitenhuis ET, Chang J, Chipperfield MP, Dangal SRS, Dlugokencky E, Elkins JW, Eyre BD, Fu B, Hall B, Ito A, Joos F, Krummel PB, Landolfi A, Laruelle GG, Lauerwald R, Li W, Lienert S, Maavara T, MacLeod M, Millet DB, Olin S, Patra PK, Prinn RG, Raymond PA, Ruiz DJ, van der Werf GR, Vuichard N, Wang J, Weiss RF, Wells KC, Wilson C, Yang J, and Yao Y
Subjects: Agriculture, Atmosphere chemistry, Crops, Agricultural metabolism, Human Activities, Internationality, Nitrogen analysis, Nitrogen metabolism, Nitrous Oxide analysis, Nitrous Oxide metabolism
Abstract: Nitrous oxide (N 2 O), like carbon dioxide, is a long-lived greenhouse gas that accumulates in the atmosphere. Over the past 150 years, increasing atmospheric N 2 O concentrations have contributed to stratospheric ozone depletion 1 and climate change 2 , with the current rate of increase estimated at 2 per cent per decade. Existing national inventories do not provide a full picture of N 2 O emissions, owing to their omission of natural sources and limitations in methodology for attributing anthropogenic sources. Here we present a global N 2 O inventory that incorporates both natural and anthropogenic sources and accounts for the interaction between nitrogen additions and the biochemical processes that control N 2 O emissions. We use bottom-up (inventory, statistical extrapolation of flux measurements, process-based land and ocean modelling) and top-down (atmospheric inversion) approaches to provide a comprehensive quantification of global N 2 O sources and sinks resulting from 21 natural and human sectors between 1980 and 2016. Global N 2 O emissions were 17.0 (minimum-maximum estimates: 12.2-23.5) teragrams of nitrogen per year (bottom-up) and 16.9 (15.9-17.7) teragrams of nitrogen per year (top-down) between 2007 and 2016. Global human-induced emissions, which are dominated by nitrogen additions to croplands, increased by 30% over the past four decades to 7.3 (4.2-11.4) teragrams of nitrogen per year. This increase was mainly responsible for the growth in the atmospheric burden. Our findings point to growing N 2 O emissions in emerging economies-particularly Brazil, China and India. Analysis of process-based model estimates reveals an emerging N 2 O-climate feedback resulting from interactions between nitrogen additions and climate change. The recent growth in N 2 O emissions exceeds some of the highest projected emission scenarios 3,4 , underscoring the urgency to mitigate N 2 O emissions.
Published: 2020
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39. Global soil nitrous oxide emissions since the preindustrial era estimated by an ensemble of terrestrial biosphere models: Magnitude, attribution, and uncertainty.

Author: Tian H, Yang J, Xu R, Lu C, Canadell JG, Davidson EA, Jackson RB, Arneth A, Chang J, Ciais P, Gerber S, Ito A, Joos F, Lienert S, Messina P, Olin S, Pan S, Peng C, Saikawa E, Thompson RL, Vuichard N, Winiwarter W, Zaehle S, and Zhang B
Subjects: Air Pollutants analysis, Models, Theoretical, Time Factors, Uncertainty, Climate Change, Greenhouse Gases analysis, Industrial Development, Nitrous Oxide analysis, Soil chemistry
Abstract: Our understanding and quantification of global soil nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions and the underlying processes remain largely uncertain. Here, we assessed the effects of multiple anthropogenic and natural factors, including nitrogen fertilizer (N) application, atmospheric N deposition, manure N application, land cover change, climate change, and rising atmospheric CO 2 concentration, on global soil N 2 O emissions for the period 1861-2016 using a standard simulation protocol with seven process-based terrestrial biosphere models. Results suggest global soil N 2 O emissions have increased from 6.3 ± 1.1 Tg N 2 O-N/year in the preindustrial period (the 1860s) to 10.0 ± 2.0 Tg N 2 O-N/year in the recent decade (2007-2016). Cropland soil emissions increased from 0.3 Tg N 2 O-N/year to 3.3 Tg N 2 O-N/year over the same period, accounting for 82% of the total increase. Regionally, China, South Asia, and Southeast Asia underwent rapid increases in cropland N 2 O emissions since the 1970s. However, US cropland N 2 O emissions had been relatively flat in magnitude since the 1980s, and EU cropland N 2 O emissions appear to have decreased by 14%. Soil N 2 O emissions from predominantly natural ecosystems accounted for 67% of the global soil emissions in the recent decade but showed only a relatively small increase of 0.7 ± 0.5 Tg N 2 O-N/year (11%) since the 1860s. In the recent decade, N fertilizer application, N deposition, manure N application, and climate change contributed 54%, 26%, 15%, and 24%, respectively, to the total increase. Rising atmospheric CO 2 concentration reduced soil N 2 O emissions by 10% through the enhanced plant N uptake, while land cover change played a minor role. Our estimation here does not account for indirect emissions from soils and the directed emissions from excreta of grazing livestock. To address uncertainties in estimating regional and global soil N 2 O emissions, this study recommends several critical strategies for improving the process-based simulations., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2019
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40. Top-down assessment of the Asian carbon budget since the mid 1990s.

Author: Thompson RL, Patra PK, Chevallier F, Maksyutov S, Law RM, Ziehn T, van der Laan-Luijkx IT, Peters W, Ganshin A, Zhuravlev R, Maki T, Nakamura T, Shirai T, Ishizawa M, Saeki T, Machida T, Poulter B, Canadell JG, and Ciais P
Abstract: Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is the principal driver of anthropogenic climate change. Asia is an important region for the global carbon budget, with 4 of the world's 10 largest national emitters of CO2. Using an ensemble of seven atmospheric inverse systems, we estimated land biosphere fluxes (natural, land-use change and fires) based on atmospheric observations of CO2 concentration. The Asian land biosphere was a net sink of -0.46 (-0.70-0.24) PgC per year (median and range) for 1996-2012 and was mostly located in East Asia, while in South and Southeast Asia the land biosphere was close to carbon neutral. In East Asia, the annual CO2 sink increased between 1996-2001 and 2008-2012 by 0.56 (0.30-0.81) PgC, accounting for ∼35% of the increase in the global land biosphere sink. Uncertainty in the fossil fuel emissions contributes significantly (32%) to the uncertainty in land biosphere sink change.
Published: 2016
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