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It is presumed that the level of physical activity (PA) declines during a person’s lifespan, particularly during adolescence. The main objective of this scoping review is to summarize and identify the current literature that addresses contributing factors related to adolescent physical inactivity. This scoping review was carried out using the framework suggested by Arskey and O'Malley. The literature review was undertaken using the reference period between 2008 and 2014, based primarily on the PubMed, Cochrane and Embase databases. Additional studies have been identified by a manual bibliography search. Search term included adolescent / youth / teenage, factors / determinants /correlations, and physical inactivity/decline exercise. A total of 23 studies met the inclusion criteria. This scoping review found some evidence of the association between physical inactivity and the following variables: Age, sex, socio-economic status, lack of social support from parents, family and friends have had an impact on their motivation to perform PA on a continuous basis. Also, the lack of awareness, attitudes, and practices of individuals themselves for not doing PA has affected their interest in maintaining PA. It is noted that the environment also plays an important role, such as inadequate facilities and facilities, as well as an unsuitable place or setting that is unconducive and a neighbourhood that does not take care of or is aware of a healthy lifestyle, is also a contributing factor to physical inactivity. The decline in PA during adolescence is a consistent finding in the literature. However, PA interventions should be developed through education, family programs, behavioural or environmental and policy changes.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jpc-10.1177_21501327211014096 for Enhanced Primary Health Care Intervention: Perceived Sustainability and Challenges Among Implementers by Komathi Perialathan, Mohammad Zabri Johari, Norrafizah Jaafar, Kong Yuke Lin, Low Lee Lan, Nur Aliyah Sodri and Siti Nur Nabilah Mohd Yunus in Journal of Primary Care & Community Health

Introduction Social distancing (SD) was proposed by World Health Organization (WHO) as a measure to control spread of COVID-19 virus. SD implementation is a huge subject of debate as enforcement and acceptance differs in many countries. ObjectiveThis study aimed to present if Malaysians practice the recommended SD as per recommended by WHO. Methodology[Refer to Poster]. DiscussionMalaysians are seen to be compliant to practice SD and most are attempting to comply for as long as it’s still directed by the authorities. They may however be tempted to stop using the face mask as it is perceived as the least favourable to practice. Practice of SD is generally most difficult in crowded places where there is lack of physical space and is most crowded such as markets. Recommendation Localities with difficulties in implementing SD and should be looked into to avoid possible infections and enforce the use of mask in public.

IntroductionThe Malaysian Government imposed the Movement Control Order (MCO) to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic. Public were urged to comply with the instructions. This study aimed to better understand factors of adherence towards these measures: 1) Stay at home, 2) Remain wherever you are and 3) Only 1 person per family is allowed to go out to buy groceries. Methods[Refer to Poster]. Results[Refer to Poster]. ConclusionMalaysian public are seen agreeable to the instructions but future studies need to identify the level of compliance to mitigate the COVID-19 outbreak.

IntroductionCorona-virus disease2019 (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly, causing death to human. Currently, no vaccines are available.Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers mayexperience a shortterm stress reaction as well as long-term psychosocial consequences(e.g. fear of contagion, feelings of stigmatization, loneliness, isolation, anger, anxiety and a sense of uncertainty). This study aimsto collect baseline data of psychological effects among Malaysian healthcare workers (public and private sectors) during this pandemic. Methods Cross-sectional online survey (Google Docs) using non-probability sampling (snowballing: through social media, official websites, email) Instrument for measuring mental health levels: Kessler Psychological Distress Test (K10) related to anxiety and depression. Results[Refer to Poster]. ConclusionOverall, most healthcare workers involved in activities during COVID-19 pandemic appears to be not psychologically affected. However, close attention and support should be provided to certain groups of respondent who have shown likelihood to suffer from severe stress and mental disorder to help them cope with the situations and to be better fulfill the strenuous requirements of their respective roles.

IntroductionThere are many ways suggested to break the COVID-19 pandemic infection chain. Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH) stressed to the public the importance to adhere and practice 3W by Washing their hands frequently with water and soap, Wearing face masks especially in public places and if symptomatic and Warn self and others by avoiding handshakes, practice the ethics of coughing and sneezing and get immediate treatment if develop symptoms related to COVID-19 (KKM, 2020). ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the intention among Malaysian to practice 3W (Wash, Wear, Warn) during COVID-19. Methodology[Refer to Poster]. Results[Refer to Poster]. ConclusionVaccine for COVID-19 is still unavailable and under development, thus adhering the MOH SOP and embracing the 3W (Wash, Wear, Warn) are essential to break the COVID-19 transmission in the community &nbsp

IntroductionMinistry of Health (MOH) suggested Malaysian public to: 1) Wash hand with water and soap or use hand sanitizer frequently, 2) Avoid crowded places and 3) Practice social distancing at least 1meter in order to stop the spread of COVID-19. The study aimed to understand public’s view towards MOH Advice. Methods[Refer to Poster]. Results[Refer to Poster]. ConclusionMalaysian public are agreeable towards MOH advice to prevent the spreading of COVID-19. Continuous promotion and education are needed to ensure the public practices the “New Normal” .

IntroductionSocial distancing (SD) is one of Ministry of Malaysia’s (MOH) key recommended prevention measures for COVID-19. It’s important to assess public's knowledge, attitude and perceived benefit of SD practices as health experts globally are advising public to practice SD diligently to minimize the spread of virus. ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess public’s understanding, practice and perceptions related to Social Distancing during COVID-19 Methodology[Refer to Poster]. Results[Refer to Poster]. ConclusionSurvey finding shows public have high awareness level and positive attitude towards Social Distancing (SD) practice, however further analysis need to be done to conclude whether high knowledge and positive attitude contributes to proper adherence of SD practices. However only 82% agree they will adhere strictly to SD as how they used to do during MCO. On perceived benefit of SD, more than 90% agree SD practices reduce personal risk of COVID 19 infection and stops the transmission at community level, however only 67.8% agree practice of SD reduce loss of life due to COVID 19. This possibly can be attributed to risk aversion towards COVID 19 among Malaysians, as we have lower death rates due to this diseases compared to other countries that was severely affected like US, UK, Italy, Brazil etc. Therefore Malaysian public may associate severity of COVID 19 as very infectious disease but not life threatening

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jpc-10.1177_2150132720980629 for Patients’ Perception Towards Health Education Services Received at the Enhanced Primary Healthcare Facilities: A Qualitative Exploration by Norrafizah Jaafar, Komathi Perialathan, Mohamad Zaidan Zulkepli, Zaikiah Mohd Zin, Patricia Elisha Jonoi and Mohammad Zabri Johari in Journal of Primary Care & Community Health

Health literacy is an indicator of a society’s ability to make better health judgements for themselves and the people around them. This study investigated the prevalence of health literacy among Malaysian adults and provided an overall picture of the society’s current health literacy status, which has not been previously assessed. The study also highlighted socio-demographic markers of communities with limited health literacy that may warrant future intervention. A population-based self-administered survey using the Health Literacy Survey Malaysian Questionnaire18 (HLS-M-Q18) instrument was conducted as part of the National Health Morbidity Survey 2019 in Malaysia. The nationwide survey utilized a two-staged stratified random sampling method. A sample of 9478 individuals aged 18 and above, drawn from the living quarter list, participated in the study. The health literacy score was divided into three levels, limited, sufficient, and excellent. Findings showed a majority of the Malaysian population had a sufficient health literacy level in all three domains—healthcare, diseases prevention and health promotion (49.1%, 44.2%, and 47.5%, respectively)—albeit leaning towards the lower end of the category with an average score of 35.5. The limited health literacy groups were prevalent among respondents with older age (68%), lower education level (64.8%), and lower household income (49.5%). The overall health literacy status for Malaysia was categorized at a lower sufficiency level. Future health literacy improvements should focus on communities with a limited health literacy level to improve the overall score.

Semi-structure questions for Focus Group Discussion/In-Depth Interview. (DOCX 72 kb)

Background Amid the current burden of non-communicable (NCD) diseases in Malaysia, there is a growing demand for more efficient service delivery of primary healthcare. A complex intervention is proposed to improve NCD management in Malaysia. This exploratory study aimed to assess primary healthcare providers’ receptiveness towards change prior to implementation of the proposed complex intervention. Method This study was conducted using an exploratory qualitative approach on purposely selected healthcare providers at primary healthcare clinics. Twenty focus group discussions and three in-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. Consent was obtained prior to interviews and for audio-recordings. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed, guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), a framework comprised of five major domains promoting implementation theory development and verification across multiple contexts. Results The study revealed via CFIR that most primary healthcare providers were receptive towards any proposed changes or intervention for the betterment of NCD care management. However, many challenges were outlined across four CFIR domains—intervention characteristics, outer setting, inner setting, and individual characteristics—that included perceived barriers to implementation. Perception of issues that triggered proposed changes reflected the current situation, including existing facilitating aspects that can support the implementation of any future intervention. The importance of strengthening the primary healthcare delivery system was also expressed. Conclusion Understanding existing situations faced at the primary healthcare setting is imperative prior to implementation of any intervention. Healthcare providers’ receptiveness to change was explored, and using CFIR framework, challenges or perceived barriers among healthcare providers were identified. CFIR was able to outline the clinics’ setting, individual behaviour and external agency factors that have direct impact to the organisation. These are important indicators in ensuring feasibility, effectiveness and sustainability of any intervention, as well as future scalability considerations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12913-019-4312-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.