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Objective: To evaluate the Impact of physical rehabilitation Interventions, supplemented with one or more adherence-enhancing components, on outcomes among adults with hip or knee osteoarthritis or chronic lower back pain. Design: Primary literature search from inception of each data-base to July 27, 2021, guided by relevant search terms and keywords to search titles and abstracts. All articles meeting eligibility criteria were included for data abstraction. Data Sources: MEDLINE, CINAHL Complete, and Embase. Eligibility Criteria for Selecting Studies: Randomized and nonrandomized trials evaluating adherence-focused intervention components conducted in addition to an index usual care or usual care-like physical rehabilitation program among adults with hip or knee osteoarthritis or chronic low back pain. Eligible studies included a comparator group of the same index physical rehabilitation intervention without the adjunctive adherence components. Included studies measured outcomes at least 3 months after the rehabilitation course. Results: Of the 10 studies meeting inclusion criteria, 6 interventions were delivered concurrent to an index rehabilitation program and 4 were delivered sequentially. Of the 3 studies that reported a positive effect on long-term adherence, only 1 was a low risk of bias study. There is very limited evidence of a beneficial treatment effect of adjunct adherence interventions on long-term physical function, self-efficacy, or adverse events. Conclusion: We found inadequate evidence evaluating adherence-enhancing interventions for the specific promotion of long-term adherence to home rehabilitation programs. Future studies should consider testing interventions specifically built to target behavioral maintenance of home rehabilitation programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcium (Ca2+) is a key second messenger in eukaryotes, with store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) being the main source of Ca2+ influx into non-excitable cells. ORAI1 is a highly Ca2+-selective plasma membrane channel that encodes SOCE. It is ubiquitously expressed in mammals and has been implicated in numerous diseases, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. A number of small molecules have been identified as inhibitors of SOCE with a variety of potential therapeutic uses proposed and validated in vitro and in vivo. These encompass both nonselective Ca2+ channel inhibitors and targeted selective inhibitors of SOCE. Inhibition of SOCE can be quantified both directly and indirectly with a variety of assay setups, making an accurate comparison of the activity of different SOCE inhibitors challenging. We have used a fluorescence based Ca2+ addback assay in native HEK293 cells to generate dose-response data for many published SOCE inhibitors. We were able to directly compare potency. Most compounds were validated with only minor and expected variations in potency, but some were not. This could be due to differences in assay setup relating to the mechanism of action of the inhibitors and highlights the value of a singular approach to compare these compounds, as well as the general need for biorthogonal validation of novel bioactive compounds. The compounds observed to be the most potent against SOCE in our study were: 7-azaindole 14d (12), JPIII (17), Synta-66 (6), Pyr 3 (5), GSK5503A (8), CM4620 (14) and RO2959 (7). These represent the most promising candidates for future development of SOCE inhibitors for therapeutic use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction:The rapid adoption of telehealth as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic provided the opportunity to examine perceptions of health care access and use of telehealth for delivery of effective and equitable care in low-income and historically marginalized communities. Methods:Focusing on communities with high social vulnerability, a multimethod analysis of combined perspectives, collected February through August 2022 from 112 health care providers, obtained from surveys and interviews, and 23 community members via 3 focus groups on access to care and telehealth. Qualitative data were analyzed using the Health Equity and Implementation Framework to identify barriers, facilitators, and recommendations for the implementation of telehealth using a health equity lens. Results:Participants perceived that telehealth helped maintain access to health care during the pandemic by addressing barriers including provider shortages, transportation concerns, and scheduling conflicts. Additional benefits suggested were improved care quality and coordination attributed to convenient avenues for care delivery and communication among providers and patients. However, many barriers to telehealth were reported and considered to limit equitable access to care. These included restrictive or changing policies regarding allowable services provided via telehealth, and availability of technology and broadband services to enable telehealth visits. Recommendations provided insight into care delivery innovation opportunities and potential policy changes to address equitable access to care. Conclusion:Integration of telehealth into models of care delivery could improve access to health care services and promote communication among providers and patients to improve care quality. Our findings have implications that are critical for future policy reforms and telehealth research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigates the perceptions of selected college music faculty on multicultural music education, focusing on such issues as a definition of multicultural music education, whether or not it would benefit from hiring minority faculty, and its benefits and problems. (CMK)

Reports on a survey of elementary, middle, high school, and university science teachers. Results indicate that teacher education programs reflect little commitment to preparing or in-servicing science teachers to work effectively with students who have disabilities. Contains 31 references. (DDR)

Reviews instructional practices in the classroom environment and science teaching in special education. Recommends science-technology-society (STS) as a way of teaching science to meet the academic and social needs of disabled students. Contains 32 references. (DDR)

Addresses the concept of tolerance. Emphasizes concepts such as embracing, accepting, and respecting diversity, rather than merely enduring and condoning differences because of moral obligation or forced legislation. Activities are presented that may be used by counselors and teachers to promote tolerance of various groups in schools and in society. (Author/RJM)

Addresses the concept of tolerance, which includes embracing, accepting, and respecting diversity. Information on activities which can be used by counselors to promote tolerance of various diverse groups in society; Statistics on students in public schools in the United States.

In the adult, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are normally physiologically quiescent, arranged circumferentially in one or more layers within blood vessel walls. Remodelling of native VSMC to a proliferative state for vascular development, adaptation or repair is driven by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). A key effector downstream of PDGF receptors is store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) mediated through the plasma membrane calcium ion channel, ORAI1, which is activated by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium store sensor, stromal interaction molecule-1 (STIM1). This SOCE was shown to play fundamental roles in the pathological remodelling of VSMC. Exciting transgenic lineage-tracing studies have revealed that the contribution of the phenotypically-modulated VSMC in atherosclerotic plaque formation is more significant than previously appreciated, and growing evidence supports the relevance of ORAI1 signalling in this pathologic remodelling. ORAI1 has also emerged as an attractive potential therapeutic target as it is accessible to extracellular compound inhibition. This is further supported by the progression of several ORAI1 inhibitors into clinical trials. Here we discuss the current knowledge of ORAI1-mediated signalling in pathologic vascular remodelling, particularly in the settings of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and neointimal hyperplasia, and the recent developments in our understanding of the mechanisms by which ORAI1 coordinates VSMC phenotypic remodelling, through the activation of key transcription factor, nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT). In addition, we discuss advances in therapeutic strategies aimed at the ORAI1 target., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Shawer, Norman, Cheng, Foster, Beech and Bailey.)