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Chronic pain and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently co-occur, and research suggests that these 2 conditions exacerbate one another producing greater impact on normal functioning in combination than separately. The influence of traumatic experiences on both pain and PTSD has been shown, but the nature of this interplay remains unclear. Although Criterion A trauma is required for the diagnosis of PTSD, whether the association between PTSD and chronic pain is dependent on Criterion A is underexplored. In this observational cohort study, we examined the association between pain and PTSD-like symptoms in the context of Criterion A trauma in 5,791 men from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. Correlations and mixed-effects regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version symptoms and multiple indicators of pain from the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire across trauma history and chronic pain conditions. 53.21% of the participants experienced trauma consistent with DSM-IV Criterion A for PTSD. The associations between pain indicators and PTSD-like symptoms was stronger for individuals with a history of trauma but remained robust for individuals without trauma history. Small but significant interactions between past trauma and pain indicators and PTSD-like symptoms were observed. Findings were similar in a subsample of participants with history of chronic pain conditions. The relationship between PTSD-like symptoms and indicators of pain were largely independent of trauma consistent with Criterion A, highlighting the need to better understand and address stressful life events in chronic pain patients and pain concerns in individuals reporting trauma. Perspective This article demonstrates that the relationship between PTSD-like symptoms and indicators of pain is largely independent of trauma consistent with Criterion A. This finding highlights the need to better understand and address stressful life events in chronic pain patients and pain concerns in individuals reporting trauma.

The material and social and medical-sanitary provision of convicts has a social-legal character according to its content. It is carried out in the direction of creating normal living conditions for convicts, meeting (or providing) the necessary needs for food, clothing, medical care and ensuring the normal functioning of the penitentiary institution. This article examines the material and social security of prisoners in penitentiary institutions of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in particular, the accommodation of prisoners, their food and shelter.

Introduction: The balance of the microbiota is determined by the high diversity and its ability to withstand changes under physiological stress, therefore, its health parameters are the number of microorganisms and the variety of bacterial species. The decrease in the number of microorganisms or species, reduces immunity as it relates to diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that result in producing systemic alterations. Objective: To know the different effects of the alteration of the normal intestinal flora in the human body. Method: Systematic literature review in search engines: LILACS, CINAHL, COCHRANE, EBSCO, MEDLINE, SCIELO, SCOPUS and PUBMED, using terms such as microbiota, dysbiosis, alteration of intestinal flora, among others. Results: Review of 40 articles from the last five years and including 30 that are related to the subject and objective of the present literature review study. Discussion: Bacterial dysbiosis causing alterations in the organism that lead to different pathologies. Conclusion: Dysbiosis or dysbacteria is of great importance in humans, since its alteration causes endless changes, even altering its normal functioning, causing pathologies, that a simple view would be ruled out as a consequence of the alteration of the bacterial flora. Keywords: dysbiosis, gastrointestinal microbiome, microbiota. RESUMEN Introducción: El equilibrio de la microbiota está determinado por la alta diversidad y por la capacidad de la misma para soportar los cambios bajo estrés fisiológico, por tanto, sus parámetros de salud son la cantidad de microorganismos y la variedad de especies bacterianas. La disminución del número de microorganismos o de especies, reduce la inmunidad por lo que se relaciona con enfermedades del tracto gastrointestinal que llegan a producir alteraciones sistémicas. Objetivo: Conocer los diferentes efectos de la alteración de la flora intestinal normal en el cuerpo humano. Método: revisión bibliográfica sistemática en los buscadores: LILACS, CINAHL, COCHRANE, EBSCO, MEDLINE, SCIELO, SCOPUS y PUBMED, usando términos como microbiota, disbiosis, alteración de la flora intestinal, entre otros. Resultados: Revisión de 40 artículos de los últimos cinco años y se incluyeron 30 que están en relación con el tema y objetivo del presente estudio de revisión de la literatura. Discusión: La disbiosis bacteriana ocasionando alteraciones en el organismo que llevan a diferentes patologías. Conclusión: La Disbiosis o disbacteriosos tiene una gran importancia en el ser humano, ya que su alteración provoca un sinfín de cambios, llegando incluso a alterar su funcionamiento normal, ocasionando patologías, que a simple vista se descartarían como consecuencia de la alteración de la flora bacteriana. Palabras claves: disbiosis, microbioma gastrointestinal, microbiota.

Water is an essential resource for human existence. In fact, more than 60% of the human body is made up of water. Our bodies consume water in every cell, in the different organisms and in the tissues. Hence, water allows stabilization of the body temperature and guarantees the normal functioning of the other bodily activities. Nevertheless, in recent years, water pollution has become a serious problem affecting water quality. Therefore, to design a model that predicts water quality is nowadays very important to control water pollution, as well as to alert users in case of poor quality detection. Motivated by these reasons, in this study, we take the advantages of machine learning algorithms to develop a model that is capable of predicting the water quality index and then the water quality class. The method we propose is based on four water parameters: temperature, pH, turbidity and coliforms. The use of the multiple regression algorithms has proven to be important and effective in predicting the water quality index. In addition, the adoption of the artificial neural network provides the most highly efficient way to classify the water quality.

Over the years, Colombia has faced disaster situations that have generated changes in risk management models. These situations have brought suffering, destruction, and loss of human life, but have also served as lessons to develop procedures aimed at minimizing the risks caused by the presence of hazards. The objective of this article is to provide general evidence-based guidelines for formulating disaster risk management plans for each of the 3 action processes: risk awareness, risk reduction, and disaster management in Colombia. These plans can be achieved by preparing responses to different emergencies, which arise from threats in each of the possible scenarios, and are adverse events that alter the normal functioning of entities and communities. The implementation of these prevention strategies will allow communities to respond effectively to emergencies and recover rapidly in the face of adversity.

The Prana and UdanaVayu are responsible for normal functioning of praanvahasrotas, which can be altered due to causative factors in turn lead to manifestation of Kasa which is characterized by these lakshanasShuska gala, Shuskakasa with shuskaalpakapha, Swarbheda, ParshavShool, Shriashool, Urashool, Dourbalya etc. Paediatric age groups are more prone to respiratory tract infections, immunological concerns, and social factors such as school attendance, incorrect eating, and eating habits due to anatomical and physiological characteristics. Ayurveda has a lot of drugs to cure respiratory disorder, So this case study was conducted and get the positive result in treatment. AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of ayurveda management on vatajakasa. Study Design: Single Case Study Place: Parul Ayurved Hospital, Parul University, Limda, Vadodara, Gujarat. Duration Of Study: 14 days and follow up after 7days. Methodology: Internal medication to reduce the sign and symptoms of vatajkasa. As a result, this article addresses the problem using Ayurvedic treatment methods like Aparajit Avaleha, which delivers a safe and effective solution.

In time of crisis, the role of public institutions is on the rise and the communication between citizens and institutions is increasingly important, in order to preserve society's civic fabric and ensure the maintenance of trust in the aftermath of the crisis. This study analyzes communication patterns between Gen Z citizens and public institutions in a time of crisis. Through a qualitative process, the article evaluates the levels of trust in public institutions, as trust is a main concept and indicator in relationship building and a predictor of commitment, and it provides recommendations based on relationship marketing communication principles. The research was based on 86 interviews carried out in Romania with Generation Z participants. The article adopts an anticipatory approach towards communication, because once society's normal functioning resumes, albeit in a changing environment, citizens' trust and commitment and the maintaining of civic ties are paramount. © 2021. Felicia A. STANCIOIU, Nicolae A. POP, Raluca NASTASE ANYSZ and Cristina A. BABA.

The article highlights the main biochemical processes that determine the normal functioning of the body and depend on the chemical composition of water consumed by humans. The lack and excess of water, as well as certain features of its composition affect the human body.

The results of the classification of the territory of Ukraine according to the levels of danger to the vital activity of the population in the conditions of emergencies of various origins are presented. The analysis was carried out by means of a comprehensive consideration of the number of emergencies of natural and man-made nature for 2015–2019. The classification of regions of the state was carried out using cluster analysis, which assumes the finding of groups of similar objects in the data sample, the so-called clusters. As a result of the classification by the number of natural emergencies, the regions of Ukraine are combined into three clusters. The first cluster, with a high level of emergencies, includes areas where the number of emergencies of a natural nature is at the level of 7–8 events per year. The second cluster, with an average level of emergencies, includes areas where the number of natural emergencies is at the level of 4–6 events per year. The third cluster, with a relatively low level of emergencies, includes areas where the number of emergencies of a natural nature is at the level of up to 3 events per year. As a result of the classification by the number of occurrence of technogenic emergencies, the regions of Ukraine are combined into three clusters. The first cluster, with a high level of emergencies, includes areas where the number of emergencies of a technogenic nature is at the level of 5–6 events per year. The second cluster, with an average level of emergencies, includes areas where the number of man-made emergencies is at the level of 3–4 events per year. The third cluster, with a relatively low level of emergencies, includes areas where the number of man-made emergencies is at the level of up to 2 events per year. Based on the results of the cluster analysis of the regions of Ukraine, an assessment of the effectiveness of the functioning of the Unified State System of Civil Protection is given. Taking into account the uncertainty of the parameters affecting the conditions for the normal functioning of the territory of the state, it is proposed to create an effective information and analytical subsystem for managing the processes of prevention and elimination of emergencies with the integrated inclusion of various functional elements of the territorial system in the existing Unified State Civil Protection System vertically from the facility to the state levels. monitoring of emergency situations and the system of situational centers. Based on the analysis, it was found that the functioning of the Unified State Civil Protection System, and, accordingly, the information and analytical subsystem for managing the processes of preventing and eliminating emergency situations, is carried out in conditions of the likelihood of hazards for the regions of the state. This dynamics is due to the uncertainty of the parameters affecting the conditions for the normal functioning of the territory of Ukraine. In this regard, the problem arises of making optimal anti-crisis decisions in conditions of uncertainty to ensure an appropriate level of safety for the life of the state. It is shown that the procedure for making managerial decisions is complicated by the fact that the necessary conditions for the effectiveness of decisions are their timeliness, completeness and optimality. Therefore, increasing the efficiency of the decisions made is tied to the need to solve the problem of multicriteria optimization in conditions of uncertainty. This requires the development of formal, normative methods and models for a comprehensive solution to the problem of decision-making in conditions of multi-criteria and uncertainty in managing the processes of prevention and elimination of emergency situations to ensure the effective functioning of the Unified State Civil Protection System.

Non-enzymatic glycation is a spontaneous and deleterious phenomenon that normally takes place inside human body and causes tissue damage. In the course of glycation reaction between glycating agents and biomolecules, several reactive perilous intermediates and finally heterogeneous group of compounds, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), are generated. Formations of AGEs are accelerated under disease conditions including diabetes and its complications. Endogenous 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) is a powerful glycating agent that glycates biomolecules including proteins compromising its structure and functionality. The production of 3-DG is significantly elevated during diabetes leading to vascular damage through glycation reaction. In the present study, human IgG was glycated with 3-DG to examine the AGEs production (Ne-carboxymethyllysine and pentosidine) by probing the degree of side chain modifications, formation of different intermediates and structural alterations induced by 3-DG on IgG. The results point out AGEs formation, intermediates generation (indicating oxidative stress) and structural alteration upon glycation of IgG by 3-DG, which may disturb normal functioning of IgG and compromise immune response in secondary complications of diabetes.

A favourable occlusion is essential for better adaptation of the teeth to the surrounding neuromuscular and temporo-mandibular structures functionally. If this comes in support with an aesthetic rehabilitation of the teeth, it will enhance the normal functioning of the patient in all the aspects. The stamp technique is a viable, simple and accurate procedure for the restoration of class 1 carious lesion in an aesthetic and biomimetic manner, which minimizes any sort of post-procedural discomfort to the patient.

The modern rhythm of life requires from the body well-coordinated work and respond to changes in various spheres of life. The COVID-19 encourages distance education, which contributes to the sedentary life style of children. The success of a pupil’s education is determined by his level of health, especially for primary school children. One of the main aspects of the body normal functioning is the correct posture. This special aspect became the subject of research. The Purpose of the Study is – experimentally test the method of using carriage exercises and maintaining the optimal level of functional status for primary school children during distance education. Research Organization. The study was performed from March 2020 to June 2020 at the premises of collegium «Elint», Zaporozhye. It was attended by 71 boys aged 7-8 who were divided into experimental (n=36) and control (n=35) groups, all boys were classified in the main medical group. Results. The data obtained during the research revealed both positive (shoulder index and Kettle index) and negative (Ruffier’s functional test) dynamics in students during distance learning. But the best result was shown by the experimental group, due to the fact that during the construction of the methodology, we took into consideration not only sensitive development, but also those aspects that would motivate the children before classes. Conclusion. The established problem of the researched question allowed to develop a method of using carriage exercises and maintaining the optimal level of functional status for primary school children during distance education. Noticed that the developed method has really positive influence, easy to use and can be applied by all members of society.

Improving the nutritional content of graminaceous crops is imperative to ensure nutritional security, wherein omics approaches play pivotal roles in dissecting this complex trait and contributing to trait improvement. Micronutrients regulate the metabolic processes to ensure the normal functioning of the biological system in all living organisms. Micronutrient deficiency, thereby, can be detrimental that can result in serious health issues. Grains of graminaceous crops serve as an important source of micronutrients to the human population; however, the rise in hidden hunger and malnutrition indicates an insufficiency in meeting the nutritional requirements. Improving the elemental composition and nutritional value of the graminaceous crops using conventional and biotechnological approaches is imperative to address this issue. Identifying the genetic determinants underlying the micronutrient biosynthesis and accumulation is the first step toward achieving this goal. Genetic and genomic dissection of this complex trait has been accomplished in major cereals, and several genes, alleles, and QTLs underlying grain micronutrient content were identified and characterized. However, no comprehensive study has been reported on minor cereals such as small millets, which are rich in micronutrients and other bioactive compounds. A comparative narrative on the reports available in major and minor Graminaceae species will illustrate the knowledge gained from studying the micronutrient traits in major cereals and provides a roadmap for dissecting this trait in other minor species, including millets. In this context, this review explains the progress made in studying micronutrient traits in major cereals and millets using omics approaches. Moreover, it provides insights into deploying integrated omics approaches and strategies for genetic improvement in micronutrient traits in graminaceous crops.

BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder. Dysregulation of the gut–brain axis plays a central role in the pathophysiology of IBS. It is increasingly clear that the microbiome plays a key role in the development and normal functioning of the gut–brain axis. AIM To facilitate the identification of specific areas of focus that may be of relevance to future research. This study represents a bibliometric analysis of the literature pertaining to the microbiome in IBS to understand the development of this field. METHODS The data used in our bibliometric analysis were retrieved from the Scopus database. The terms related to IBS and microbiome were searched in titles or abstracts within the period of 2000–2019. VOSviewer software was used for data visualization. RESULTS A total of 13055 documents related to IBS were retrieved at the global level. There were 1872 scientific publications focused on the microbiome in IBS. There was a strong positive correlation between publication productivity related to IBS in all fields and productivity related to the microbiome in IBS (r = 0.951, P < 0.001). The United States was the most prolific country with 449 (24%) publications, followed by the United Kingdom (n = 176, 9.4%), China (n = 154, 8.2%), and Italy (n = 151, 8.1%). The h-index for all retrieved publications related to the microbiome in IBS was 138. The hot topics were stratified into four clusters: (1) The gut–brain axis related to IBS; (2) Clinical trials related to IBS and the microbiome; (3) Drug-mediated manipulation of the gut microbiome; and (4) The role of the altered composition of intestinal microbiota in IBS prevention. CONCLUSION This is the first study to evaluate and quantify global research productivity pertaining to the microbiome in IBS. The number of publications regarding the gut microbiota in IBS has continuously grown since 2013. This finding suggests that the future outlook for interventions targeting the gut microbiota in IBS remains promising.

An urban water supply network (WSN) is a crucial lifeline system that helps to maintain the normal functioning of modern society. However, the hydraulic analysis of a significantly damaged WSN that suffers from pipe breaks or leaks remains challenging. In this paper, a probability-based framework is proposed to assess the functionality of WSNs in the aftermath of powerful earthquakes. The serviceability of the WSN is quantified by using a comprehensive index that considers nodal water flow and nodal pressure. This index includes a coefficient that reflects the relative importance of these two parameters. The demand reduction (DR) method, which reduces the water flow of nodes while preventing the negative pressure of nodes, is proposed. The difference between the negative pressure elimination (NPE) method and the DR method is discussed by using the example of a WSN in a medium-sized city in China. The functionality values of the WSN are 0.76 and 0.99 when nodal pressure and nodal demands are used respectively as the index of system serviceability at an intensity level that would pertain to an earthquake considered to occur at a maximum level. When the intensity of ground motion is as high as 0.4 g, the DR method requires fewer samples than the NPE method to obtain accurate results. The NPE method eliminates most of the pipes, which may be unrealistic.

The Catholic Church carries out the mission of educating, among others, by schools and uni- versities. The coronavirus outbreak in 2020 disrupted the normal functioning of many institutions. The study presents Polish law guidelines concerning school and university education, especially in the context of the transition to online teaching due to sanitary restrictions. Subsequently, the study presents selected legal decisions and indications of the Catholic Church in Poland in an epidemic situation. Through the undertaken activities, the Church has shown its adaptive capacity as regards the pandemic. Internet communication tools were used in remote school and academic teaching.

Background: Players regularly use cetirizine HCL for the prevention and treatment of various symptoms of allergy while playing in unfamiliar environments. Objective: This research study was carried out to examine the effect of cetirizine HCL on liver function (ALT, ALP and AST) among the players. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out at Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan from January 2019 to June 2019.Twenty male subjects 10 players using cetirizine HCL (one tablet of 10mg/day) as experimental group and 10 players not using cetirizine HCL as control group was selected voluntarily as participants of the study. Five ml blood was taken from all subjects after three hours of administration of cetirizine HCL for the assessment of ALT, ALP and AST. The results obtained through liver functions test (LFTs) were analyzed through a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS, Version 24). Results: Significant difference was found in both groups (CG and EXG) in term of ALT (P = 000, 0.05>.000). There was significant difference between in both groups (CG and EXG) in term of ALP (P = 000, 0.05>.000). A significant difference was found between in both groups (CG and EXG) in term of AST (P = .001, 0.05>.000). Conclusion: on the basis of finding, the researcher concluded that Cetirizine HCL (Tablet 10mg) produced a significant rise in liver enzymes and hence disturbing the normal functioning of liver.

The first part of the literature review on the role of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) includes recent data published in the literature on the features of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the intestinal microbiota in patients with autism. It was shown that an excessive presence of Clostridium was detected in ASD, and evidence was presented showing the possible participation of these bacteria in the development of autism symptoms. Contradictory research results on an increase in a number of other pathogenic bacteria and, conversely, a decrease in the number of bacteria necessary to maintain the normal functioning of the intestine and the host organism as a whole are presented. The possible role of Candida albicans in ASD, requiring further study, is reported. Possible causes of contradictions in the results of studies on this topic are discussed.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to provide a full HRM data set in patients with a normal functioning fundoplication. BACKGROUND The Chicago classification was devised to correlate High Resolution Manometry (HRM) values to the clinical status of patients with swallowing disorder. However, it is unclear whether those values are applicable after fundoplication as the literature is sparse. METHODS We identified patients with pre- and postoperative HRM who had a normal functioning primary fundoplication as defined by 1) resolution of preoperative symptoms without significant postoperative side effects, 2) no dysphagia reported on a standardized questionnaire given on the day of the postoperative HRM and 3) normal acid exposure determined objectively by esophageal pH-testing. RESULTS Fifty patients met inclusion criteria for the study. Thirty-three patients (66%) underwent complete fundoplication and 17 patients (34%) underwent posterior partial fundoplication. Postoperative HRM was performed at a median of 12 months after primary surgery. LES values significantly increased with the addition of a fundoplication. Median IRP was 14mmHg (p = 0.0001), median resting pressure 19.5mmHg (p = 0.0263) and median total length LES was 3.95 cm (p = 0.0098). The 95th percentile for IRP in a complete fundoplication was 29 vs. 23mmHg in a partial fundoplication (p = 0.3667). CONCLUSION We offer a new standard manometric profile for a normally functioning fundoplication which provides a necessary benchmark for analyzing postoperative problems with a fundoplication. The previously accepted upper limit defining esophageal outflow obstruction (IRP > 20mmHg) is not clinically applicable after fundoplication as the majority of patients in this dysphagia-free cohort exceeded this value. Interestingly, there does not appear to be a significant difference in HRM LES values between complete and partial fundoplication.

The role of vehicles, which is constantly growing and the needs of mankind in it require the rapid creation of the necessary conditions to ensure convenient, comfortable and, above all, safe movement of vehicles and pedestrians. For this purpose, on city streets and public roads, work on planning and installation of technical means of traffic organization is constantly and purposefully carried out. To date, the high growth of motorization in the world, including in our country, has contributed to significant problems associated with the normal functioning of the organization of road traffic, overcoming which requires a systematic approach of designers, contractors, controllers and specialists in this field. An integrated approach to the development, implementation and improvement of all existing measures of traffic organization and the supply of new ones, largely meets the needs of the economy of our state and population in the transportation of goods and passengers, while ensuring a high level of road safety and optimal speeds on public roads. use and streets of settlements. The first road accident (hitting a cyclist) occurred in 1896, and the first fatal road accident occurred on August 17 of that year. And then there is an annual increase in road accidents. Every year 300 thousand people die in the world, 30 times more are injured Therefore, the problem of constant improvement and improvement of the organization of traffic on streets and roads is acute. Mankind in this area is trying to reduce the consequences of road accidents, by improving existing and inventing new engineering equipment for public roads and streets of settlements The paper considers the improvement of the organization of traffic and pedestrians on Sobornosti Avenue in Lutsk due to the improvement of traffic light facilities and the use of engineering equipment. This will increase traffic safety and the quality of transport services.

La escolarización permite identificar posibles carencias en el desarrollo de los niños, ya que se comparan con sus compañeros. Algunos pueden tener dificultades para quedarse quietos y concentrarse en la tarea que tienen entre manos, mostrar niveles inadecuados de hiperactividad e impulsividad que incluso pueden interferir con el desarrollo del funcionamiento normal y los resultados académicos. ¿Cómo podemos saber si estos comportamientos son típicos del desarrollo natural y biológico de los niños, el resultado de una dificultad o trastorno de aprendizaje o una indicación de un trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH)? Objetivo: Analizar los diferentes protocolos de procedimientos estándar para evaluar y diagnosticar el TDAH en niños de 6 a 12 años. Método: Revisión sistemática de los diferentes tipos de evaluación utilizados para diagnosticar el TDAH en este grupo de población. Resultados: Se ha observado que el TDAH es un trastorno neurobiológico crónico con una alta comorbilidad. El diagnóstico, exclusivamente clínico, debe considerar la historia clínica más amplia de los niños para (a) evaluar los antecedentes personales, familiares y escolares; (b) completar un examen mental, físico y neurológico; (c) confirmar el diagnóstico diferencial y (d) utilizar los criterios de diagnóstico del DSM 5 y CIE-11-EMM. Conclusiones: Se proponen los ítems que deben incluirse en la evaluación realizada para diagnosticar el TDAH.

Loss always has a negative impact on an individual which engraves a feeling of incompleteness in many. Loss of anybody part creates an obstruction in the normal functioning of the body. Mostly the appendages such as arms, fingers, etc have a very important role in routine life which can restrict the living psychologically, functionally, and socially. The goal in rehabilitating a body part should be to create a substitute that is indistinguishable from adjacent and contralateral counterparts. Therefore maxillofacial prosthodontics is not only science but also an art. The present article is a case report of a person with a missing finger briefing the fabrication methodology of a custom-made silicone finger prosthesis.

Excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance, defined as the balance between excitation and inhibition of synaptic activity in a neuronal network, accounts in part for the normal functioning of the brain, controlling, for example, normal spike rate. In many pathological conditions, this fine balance is perturbed, leading to excessive or diminished excitation relative to inhibition, termed E/I imbalance, reflected in network dysfunction. E/I imbalance has emerged as a contributor to neurological disorders that occur particularly at the extremes of life, including autism spectrum disorder and Alzheimer's disease, pointing to the vulnerability of neuronal networks at these critical life stages. Hence, it is important to develop approaches to rebalance neural networks. In this review, we describe emerging therapies that can normalize the E/I ratio or the underlying abnormality that contributes to the imbalance in electrical activity, thus improving neurological function in these maladies.

Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention announced a novel coronavirus as causative pathogen of COVID-19 on 08th January 2020, after the epidemic broke in Wuhan, China. The coronavirus infection has been incontrollable since then and was given the status of pandemic by the World Health organization in March 2020. World has come to a standstill with the advent of COVID-19 pandemic and multiple changes have made way in the normal functioning of life as well as health-care system. Despite lockdown and restrictions on movement and travel, the virus has managed to seep into multiple countries and presently India is witnessing more than 50,000 new cases daily. Health-care system all over world is exhausted and struggling to handle this contagious virus. This article is an attempt to summarize essential knowledge of COVID-19, review current understanding of COVID-19, and provide recommended management protocols for functioning of operation theater complex which have been formulated and are being followed in our Armed Forces Zonal Hospital in Southern India since Mar 2020.

Ilana Belitskaya-Levy,1 J David Clark,2,3 Mei-Chiung Shih,1 Matthew J Bair4– 6 1VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center – Mountain View Division, Palo Alto Healthcare System, Mountain View, CA, USA; 2Anesthesiology Service, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; 3Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; 4VA HSR&D Center for Health Information and Communication, Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA; 5Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; 6Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USACorrespondence: Matthew J BairVA HSR&D Center for Health Information and Communication, Roudebush VA Medical Center, 1481 W. 10th St. (11H), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USATel +1 (317) 988-2058Fax +1 (317) 988-5361Email mbair@iupui.eduPurpose: This study was conducted to characterize chronic low back pain (cLBP) and to identify treatment histories and preferences for cLBP management among Veterans and primary care providers within the Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system.Participants and Methods: Veterans with cLBP from five geographically diverse VA medical centers were identified using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 9 and 10 codes from VA administrative data as were primary care providers at these same sites. From these data, Veterans (200/per site) and providers (160/per site) were selected and mailed surveys. Open-ended interview data were collected from a subset of Veterans and providers.Results: In total, 235 Veterans and 67 providers returned completed surveys. More than 80% of the Veteran respondents had daily back pain for more than 1 year. Most Veterans had tried several treatments for their pain with medications and physical therapy being the most commonly used. Veterans and providers had similar attitudes towards many cLBP treatments with the exception of psychological therapies that were more favored by providers. Open-ended interview data showed that Veterans and providers emphasized the need for multi-component approaches to treatment.Conclusion: Among Veterans, cLBP is typically of sustained duration, is relatively severe, and also interferes significantly with normal functioning. Veterans are experienced with respect to treatments and had similar attitudes towards many cLBP treatments as their providers, especially tailored approaches.Keywords: low back pain, chronic pain, survey, preferences, primary care provider

The article provides a theoretical overview of the system of relations between employment and youth employment in accordance with the current stages of economic development of the country and regions in particular. The components of the system of employment relations and the group of preconditions that determine the socio-economic environment for the normal functioning of the regional labor market are considered. Employment determines the socio-economic development of the region, and one of its most important factors is the formation of an innovative structure of employment, especially in the youth segment of the labor market. The impact on employment and labor demand of foreign scientists is considered. The article presents the Model of implementation of youth policy in the conditions of decentralization and issues of youth policy in the priorities of the State Strategy of Regional Development until 2020-2027. There is a need for a comprehensive analysis and forecasting of certain patterns for the future using the latest theoretical and methodological approaches that can be used by government to develop effective management decisions in the development of social and labor relations in the national / regional youth labor market.

Introduction: Micronutrients play a potent role in the functioning of the different systems of the organism. It is necessary to sustain an adequate status of the micronutrients for maintaining the optimal condition of the oral cavity. The aim: Toemphasize the importance of different micronutrients for the normal functioning of the oral cavity, as well as their influence on the occurrence of various diseases of the soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity. Conclusion: Micronutrients such as vitamin C, B9 and E, calcium, zinc, copper and iron have a role in development so as anti-inflammatory and antioxidants properties Deficiency of certain micronutrients plays an important role in the development of periodontitis and caries. People with chronic inflammatory bowel disease, as well as children, pregnant and breastfeeding women, are usually deficient in these vitamins and therefore often susceptible to the development of inflammatory changes in soft tissues of oral cavity , periodontitis and caries.

In order to develop the scientific and technical foundations of creating an artificial intelligence system for monitoring terrorist acts, the paper presents the results of a study of the amplitude-frequency spectra of acoustic emission (AE) of the combustion process of cellulose-containing materials (as one of the main materials used to carry out arson and attacks in organizing terrorist actions in the form of law and order violations in the local territory) of various physicochemical composition. The technical implementation of this effect in the development of automated devices for monitoring acoustic space as part of an operational monitoring system for the terrorist zone, aimed at early identification of the sources of terrorist threats to the normal functioning of the local territory of the state.

Os incêndios de outubro de 2017 devastaram toda a Região Centro de Portugal, tendo registado severos impactos socioeconómicos ao nível local e regional, ao comprometer o normal funcionamento das atividades económicas. O sistema turístico desta região que, nos últimos anos, tem contribuído para um novo aproveitamento dos espaços rurais e para a regeneração do seu tecido socioeconómico, naturalmente, não escapou às perturbações que os incêndios criaram. No presente estudo, que se debruçou, essencialmente, sobre o território de Arganil, Oliveira do Hospital e Tábua, três dos concelhos mais afetados pela catástrofe, pretendeu-se perceber os impactos registados, bem como as ações tomadas na posterioridade, de forma a mitigar os impactos e a reabilitar a atividade turística no pós-catástrofe, restabelecendo a normalidade do sistema turístico e aumentando a sua resiliência. Para tal, a metodologia consistiu na realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas a três grupos de interesse (político, empresarial e cultural), as quais permitiram concluir que houve, efetivamente, a implementação de um conjunto de medidas de apoio à recuperação das empresas turísticas afetadas, bem como o desenvolvimento de estratégias de comunicação com vista à qualificação e valorização do território após a catástrofe. No entanto, não se registou uma abordagem concertada entre os vários stakeholders, contemplando os interesses de todos, o que se constitui como um dos principais requisitos para um sistema turístico resiliente.

Malaria is one of the most important public illness in India. It's a mosquito borne disorder which spreads by the bite of the anopheles mosquito. Electrolytes (sodium& potassium) are very important for the normal functioning of the human body. Electrolyte disturbances are seen in difficult complicated (severe) malaria. However very few studies have been done on uncomplicated malarial patients and outcome published are contrasting so we decided to undertake this study. We determined the serum electrolyte levels in 25 uncomplicated and 25 complicated malarial patients. Majority of complicated malarial sufferers had hyponatremia and hypokalemia in comparison with uncomplicated malarial patients and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant. It was concluded that hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia are long-established in malaria and they're chiefly associated with the complicated (severe) varieties of falciparum and vivax malaria than with uncomplicated malaria. Keywords: Malaria, Electrolytes, Sodium (Na), Potassium (K).

Este artigo tem como objetivo fazer verificação de forma descritiva em estudos fundamentados na literatura de autores e vídeos que pesquisam sobre alimentos que aumentam a imunidade, a metodologia aplicada foi a averiguação de bibliografia e vídeos explicativos sobre o tema, com o intuito de fazer um levantamento dos alimentos campeões em elevar a resposta imunológica dos indivíduos, como resultados o estudo constatou que uma alimentação bem equilibrada exerce importância fundamental para a saúde do corpo e da mente, atuando como prevenção e tratamento de enfermidades, os estudos evidenciam que as boas práticas nutricionais são fortes aliadas na prevenção de patologias e na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos como um todo conclusões o estudo demonstrou de forma evidente a relevância dos nutrientes para o normal funcionamento do metabolismo do corpo, além de várias outras funções que eles desempenham, seja de natureza física ou psíquica, são nutrientes imprescindíveis, cada um com sua atribuição particular e relevância. Portanto, a forma primordial para melhorar a saúde da população é por meio de um direcionamento nutricional divulgada nos mais diversos meios de comunicação e mídias sociais, de modo que, alcance os mais diferentes níveis sociais, credo e faixa etária da população em geral.

Twenty types of conodont element pathology are considered, and the examples of Abrasio, Accessio, Caudatio, Depressio, Diminutio, Duplicatio, Fusio, Impressio, Jugatio, Occlusio, and Suppressio pathologies identified in the Devonian of the Voronezh Anteclise are illustrated in detail. All pathological phenomena are assigned to five genetic groups: (1) mechanical damage to hard tissue; (2) disturbances of hard tissue growth due to soft tissue damage; (3) genetic changes; (4) changes caused by diseases; and (5) the results of normal functioning of the conodont elements. The frequency of occurrence is analyzed for the various pathology types.

Autism is a developmental disability that affects the normal functioning of the brain. Autism is present from birth and has an effect on how an individual learns. Individuals with autism often have difficulty with communication skills, social skills, and reasoning. Integrating students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in inclusive classrooms with peers without disabilities is a common strategy for increasing social. Research has demonstrated that peers can help teach social skills to students with autism. The sample of the study will be selected non-randomly. There will be 24 students in this study. Also, three special education teachers will be in this study. All participants are native English speakers. The purpose of this study is to identify the best way to increase social skills for students with autism through inclusive classrooms تهدف هذه الدراسة الى التعرف الى أفضل طريقة لزيادة المهارات الاجتماعية للطلاب ذوي اضطراب التوحد وذلک من خلال دمجهم في الفصول الدراسية العامة مع أقرانهم العاديين. تم اختيار عينة بشکل عشوائي. سيکون هناک ٢٤طالب و٣ معلمين من الفصول العامة. جميع المشارکين لغتهم الأصلية هي اللغة العربية. تم مقابلة معلمي الفصول العامة من خلال استخدام استبيان لتحديد تأثير وفاعلية المهارات الاجتماعية في الفصول الدراسية. وقد أظهرت استجابة المعلمين بشکل إيجابي في فاعلية دعم الأقران في زيادة المهارات الاجتماعية لذوي اضطراب التوحد من خلال الأنشطة اليومية

Professional sport belongs to those types of activities that are accompanied by high energy costs and requires more than a person needs on average, the amount of sleep. Sleep of professional athletes is important for restoring the brain’s energy expenditure, as well as for the normal functioning of memory and attention, and, consequently, for achieving high sports results. The article analyzes the literature devoted to the study of the role of sleep for athletes, scientific information about the representation, nature and consequences of its violations, summarizes and structures data related to the strategy for optimizing sleep in this population group.

Introduction: Vitamin B12 is essential for the normal functioning of the nervous system and for the formation of red blood cells. Vegetarian diet, low socioeconomic status, and social and religious reasons are known risk factors of its deficiency. Pregnant women, children, and the elderly are vulnerable groups. Indians have the highest prevalence, but the data among pregnant women in the rural setting is lacking. Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of Vitamin B12 deficiency and its associated factors among pregnant women of rural South India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to recruit consecutive 120 multigravida women with ≤20 weeks of gestation, attending the mobile doctor run clinic of Kaniyambadi block, Vellore. A structured questionnaire was administered, and blood samples were collected. Results: The prevalence of Vitamin B12 deficiency (

Aim of the work: to identify changes in renal function under the action of dosed hyperoxia using oral stress renal tests and to determine the relationship between the state of the functions of the excretory system and the body’s resistance to toxic effects of oxygen.Materials and methods. A survey of 44 men was carried out. Changes in water-electrolyte metabolism and renal function were determined using developed oral renal stress tests. Results and discussion. It has been shown that the normal functioning of the excretory system plays an important role in the high human resistance to the toxic effects of oxygen.

The Internet, i.e. the computer network, which is currently spread all over the world, has become an inseparable element of modern life. Social media aimed at, among other things, maintaining interpersonal relationships have gained and yet continue to gain on enormous popularity by offering its users various functions and possibilities. The Internet is used mainly by young people who are most vulnerable to many dangers posed by it. As research shows, Internet addicts gradually begin to neglect their responsibilities, family, or friends, and replace them with virtual life. Consequently, it is difficult for them to return to normal functioning, especially when the enormity of neglected issues begins to become overwhelming, which can lead to depression and other serious diseases.

Background and Objectives: The incidence of novel coronavirus infection across the globe has been uneven, hitting some population subgroups harder than others. Media coverage has proffered explanations for this differential vulnerability, but psychosocial risk factors have been largely ignored. In contrast, multiple theories, medical and psychological, point to one psychosocial factor - stress - as important to the etiology of disease. They also agree that pathogenic stress arises from the particular circumstance in which adaptational demands overwhelm a person's resources, creating "stress overload" that deregulates normal functioning and increases susceptibility to illness. Assessment of stress overload is proposed as essential to understanding viral spread in the current pandemic.Methods: Studies are reviewed explicating (1) stress overload theories and relevant empirical evidence, (2) construction of a stress overload measure and related validity evidence.Results: Findings support the role of stress overload in illness and the accuracy of the measure in predicting illness.Conclusion: It is concluded that assessment of stress overload may help to explain the observed coronavirus disparities, and to identify populations at risk for imminent infection. The 10-item Stress Overload Scale-Short is offered as a potentially useful tool for researchers and clinicians working to map, and stem, the proliferation of coronavirus.

Nutrition is the organic substances needed by the organism for the normal functioning of the body system, growth, health maintenance. The availability of a variety of fast food and prepared foods, and ignorance about nutrition, causes this age group to tend to be mildly active, which results in one of which is unbalanced and unhygienic food consumption. Therefore, attention to balanced nutrition behavior needs to be increased to achieve a healthy, active and productive lifestyle. In the current era, Bandarlampung people, especially in adults, experience a lot of bodies that are not ideal due to inappropriate body weight, between excess weight (fat) compared to height or between underweight (thin) compared to height. Lack of community knowledge about nutrition, also affects the health of their bodies. One way to identify nutritional needs in a person is with qualitative and quantitative data to make it easier to see and provide information related to support in calorie needs, namely by using the Go Healthy Life application, with the aim that people can easily and quickly find out their nutritional information. from nutritional status, ideal body weight, ideal height, number of calorie needs, activities undertaken, planning a diet based on the number of calorie needs and being able to communicate with nutritionists about nutrition without having to meet face to face. The results of this study can determine the composition of the diet menu in accordance with the number of calorie needs needed by patients with an accuracy of 100%.

Люмбалізація є однією з найбільш загальних вроджених аномалій попереково-крижового відділу хребта при якій перший сегмент крижів не зливається з другим сегментом і стає частиною поперекових хребців, у поперековому відділі виявляється шостий перехідний сегмент, а в крижовому, хребці якого зростаються між собою, залишається лише чотири сегменти. Попереково-крижовий відділ хребта несе в організмі людини значне навантаження, він не лише захищає спинний мозок і спинні нерви, але й підтримує та передає вагу тіла до нижніх кінцівок і відіграє важливу роль у поставі та рухомості. То ж така вроджена аномалія як люмбалізація порушує нормальне функціонування хребта і несе загрозу виникнення патологічних змін в організмі людини в цілому.Люмбалізація хребта часто призводить до певних клінічних симптомів, які можуть обмежувати рух пацієнта та викликати біль і не тільки в хребті . Зазвичай у пацієнтів з люмбалізацією можуть виникати больові відчуття під час руху. Це може спричинити великі труднощі при виконанні повсякденної діяльності. Люмбалізація, як вроджена анатомічна аномалія, жодним чином не може бути виправлена, але патологічні стани, які її супроводжують можна успішно лікувати методами мануальної терапії.

The article substantiates the aspects of a healthy lifestyle. A person’s health depends on various factors, but half of it is reduced to a healthy way of life, the other half falls on the factors of unhealthy lifestyle, which includes harmful ecology, poverty (bad life and material conditions), malnutrition, bad habits, physical inactivity, deviations from spiritual and moral norms, physical and mental overloads and other factors. The aim of the article is to determine the factors of healthy lifestyle, which are adhered to by female students of pedagogical specialties and to analyze their idea of a physically healthy person. It is defined that among student youth struggle against harmful habits, preventive measures are one of the main tasks in educational work of higher education institutions. Proper nutrition plays an important role in the normal life activities of each person, and a balanced diet provides optimization of physiological and biochemical processes in the body, contributing to the maintenance of normal functioning of body systems. The nutritional adequacy of most students is always in consideration.It was found out that the food ration composition of female students of three faculties is more or less diverse. The students mainly gave each of the products a percentage, i.e. there were very few girls whose diet consisted of the same groups of products. Most often the students of the Philological and Economic faculties determined the proportion of 10 % for each product, just under 15 % and 20 %, even under 5 %. In the case of pre-school students, the percentages were 5 and 10, and much less than 15 and 20 percent. It is determined that a physically cultural girls of the philological and economic faculties at the faculty of sports, and girls of the faculty of preschool education ‒ the one who leads to a healthy lifestyle. The second place is for girls of the faculty of economy and philology ‒ the person who leads a healthy way of life, and preschool faculty ‒ the one who is engaged in sports. The third and fourth places were given to those who have achieved harmony in physical and spiritual development and who maintain their physical health at a high level. Thus, a healthy person is considered by students of three faculties to be someone who directs efforts to improve their own body, leads a healthy lifestyle, and least of all is named physically cultural someone who has knowledge, certain skills about sports.

Ageing is associated with decreased metabolism, increased toxicity, decreased skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and increased visceral fat deposits that compromise the normal functioning of vital organs such as the liver, pancreas and intestines, increasing the risk of a number of health problems, including type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension and non-alcoholic fatty liver. Visceral adipose tissue holds large amounts of toxins that alter thyroid hormone metabolism, lowering resting metabolic rate (RMR). Strenuous physical exercise can reach these deeper visceral adipose tissue layers. However, excessive exercise is necessary to reduce visceral adipose tissue elevates cortisol while decreasing testosterone. The hormonal imbalance resulting from this inverse cortisol/testosterone relationship ultimately leads to weight gain, despite all the efforts invested in physical activity. On the other hand, lack of exercise allows for accumulation of toxicity and increased vulnerability to chronic physical disorders. Energy-based technologies report successful results in reducing subcutaneous fat layers; however, data is not currently available about methods that can reduce deeper visceral adipose tissue and relieve the system from visceral fat cells stuffed with excess triglycerides. In this study, we examined hormone and cholesterol fluctuations in the blood tests of eight subjects undergoing six 45 minutes of effortless exercise sessions with a novel London University invention. We also explored changes in their visceral adipose tissue, overall body fat mass, SMM, basic metabolic rate (BMR), waist and abdomen reduction in centimetres (cm) and overall weight loss in kilograms (kg). Subjects' results revealed a statistically significant increase in triiodothyronine (Free T3), accompanied by a significant decrease in the very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triglycerides. Cortisol did not show statistically significant fluctuations. There was a statistically significant decrease in visceral adipose tissue and overall body fat mass and a statistically significant increase in SMM. Waist and abdomen cm loss, and weight loss in kgs were statistically significant, demonstrating a substantial decrease in cm and kgs in all subjects that persisted a week after the last treatment. Results of this study supported the hypothesis that this method of effortless exercise can reduce both overall body fat mass, visceral adipose tissue and VLDL, while increasing SMM and the metabolic hormone free T3, without the aid of diet or change in lifestyle.

El articulo recoge el conjunto de medidas propuestas por la SEPD, la AEEH, GETECCU y la AEG que pretenden servir de ayuda a los servicios en su reincorporacion a la actividad habitual. Hemos confeccionado una serie de recomendaciones practicas respecto al manejo y a la reintroduccion progresiva de la actividad asistencial. Estas recomendaciones estan guiadas por la escasa y cambiante evidencia disponible y seran objeto de futuras actualizaciones, en base a las necesidades diarias y la disponibilidad del material fungible para adecuarse a las mismas; y se podran implementar en cada servicio en funcion de la incidencia acumulada de SARS-CoV-2 en cada region y de la carga que la epidemia ha ocasionado en cada uno de los hospitales. Los objetivos generales de estas recomendaciones son: • Proteger a nuestros pacientes de los riesgos de la infeccion por SARS-CoV-2 y prestarles una atencion de calidad. • Proteger a todos los profesionales sanitarios de los riesgos de la infeccion por SARS-CoV-2. • Recuperar el normal funcionamiento de nuestros servicios en un entorno de riesgo continuado de infeccion por SARS-CoV-2.

Double orifice mitral valve is a rare condition and may be accompanied by a bicuspid aortic valve (sometimes normal functioning) and coarctation of the aorta. Echocardiography is valuable in detecting the accompanied anomalies. Management depends on the severity of mitral valve function and the severity of associated anomalies.

Background Adequate sleep is crucial for normal functioning. However, most people, including middle-aged adults of reproductive age, show a marked reduction in their sleep duration. Thus, sleep is a major issue that should be addressed in health management. We investigated the effects of short-term sleep restriction on subjective parameters (sleepiness, stress, fatigue) and physiological parameters (cortisol, thyrotropin [TSH], thyroxine [T4], triiodothyronine [T3], C-reactive protein [CRP]) in middle-aged adults, the recovery of these parameters after rest, and the associations between parameters. Methods A total of 118 healthy adults (59 men, 59 women), aged 35–44 years, and without sleep problems, were enrolled. Participants underwent a 4-h sleep restriction per day for 3 day at a hospital, and then returned to their daily lives to take four days of rest. A questionnaire and blood test were administered before and after sleep restriction, and after the recovery period, to assess subjective and physiological parameters. Results After sleep restriction, sleepiness, fatigue, and stress significantly increased compared to baseline. Cortisol and TSH were elevated after sleep restriction, while T4, T3, and CRP were reduced compared to baseline. After the recovery phase, all parameters were restored to levels similar to baseline levels. Changes in each parameter were mutually associated; fatigue and sleepiness had the strongest association. Conclusion Our results suggest that even a short period of sleep restriction can have an adverse impact on psychological and physiological stress parameters in middle-aged adults, and that adequate rest and sleep are needed to restore them to normal levels.

Aim . To study the functioning of the anal sphincter after performing anterior rectum resection in cancer patients. Materials and methods. The anal sphincter function was studied in 144 patients with colorectal cancer, equally in 72 men and 72 women. The study was carried out at the Rostov Cancer Research Institute. All patients underwent R0 anterior rectum resection with the total mesorectumectomy and the formation of a preventive ileostomy. An assessment of the retention function was performed by sphincterometry using a manometric complex with a nonperfusion water-filling sensor according to the generally accepted method. Results . Disturbances in the normal functioning of the sphincter were noted in 24 (16.7 %) patients. The use of sphincterometry allowed disturbances in the functioning of the internal and external anal sphincters in men and women to be identified, along with differences between the groups. The results indicate a higher incidence of anal incontinence (AI) in women compared to men ( t ≥ 2, the differences are significant). In addition, patients with a lower localisation of the anastomosis demonstrated a higher incidence of AI and more pronounced AI manifestations. Conclusions. The obtained data on the functioning of the anal sphincter after anterior rectum resection in cancer patients indicate gender differences in the incidence of late complications after surgery, as well as the importance of taking into account the localisation of the tumour for selecting an adequate amount of surgical intervention.

Purpose of the study: to investigate the serum content of certain trace elements and synthesis markers (Total P1NP) and collagen resorption (β-CrossLaps) in pregnant women with a risk of postterm pregnancy and their role in this pathology.Materials and methods. Main group included 80 pregnant women with a risk of postterm pregnancy. Control group consisted of 34 pregnant women without a risk of postterm pregnancy demostrating physiologic cervical maturation. Enzyme immunoassay was used for measurement of synthesis markers (Total P1NP - N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen), connective tissue resorption (ß-CrossLaps), and trace elements - Na, K, Mg, P, total and ionized Ca.Results. Significant decrease in the concentration of Total P1NP was noted In pregnant women with a risk of postterm pregnancy compared with the control group (50.90 ± 4.27 ng/ml, p