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The goal of the diode lasers use in oral surgery is to overcome the disadvantages experienced in conventional oral surgical procedures and to provide minimally invasive procedures with lowest discomfort for patients. The possibility to use diode lasers in surgical procedures on soft oral tissues is due to the absorption of laser beam by tissue pigment and haemoglobin while it is poorly absorbed by hydroxyapatite and water. Diode lasers are especially used in aesthetic procedures such as gingival recontouring and gingival depigmentation, periapical surgery, operculectomy, and pro-prosthetic surgical procedures such as remodeling of mucosa on edentulous sites, dental crown lengthening, frenectomies and vestibuloplasty. diode lasers are also recommended for the removal of oral benign lesions (ranula, mucocele, pyogenic granuloma, gingival hyperplastic lesions, fibrous hyperplasia, epulis fissuratum, hemangioma).

Periodontal disease is a significant public health concern. Inflammatory oral diseases are periodontal infections, oral mucosal lesions, pulpal and periapical lesions. The etiology is multi-factorial and is usually associated with a microbial origin, often caused by over-consumption of free sugars. However, the role of micronutrients in these processes is now becoming apparent. Trends have shifted to the role of micronutrients in oral inflammation. The progression of periodontal disease and the healing of periodontal tissues can be modulated by nutritional status. There are numerous degenerative changes in the oral mucosa that have been observed during specific micronutrient deficiencies. Attempts have been made to use dietary supplementation of certain micronutrients to treat oral inflammatory lesions in conjunction with their standard treatment procedures. Micronutrient supplementation can be administered orally or topically. The current review provides insight into the role of nutrition in oral inflammatory diseases, including periodontal disorders, oral mucosal lesions, pulpal and periapical lesions.

Aim of the study:In this paper we want to highlight the biomechanical aspects governing the choice of removable treatment solutions in patients with partial extended edentation through skeleton and acrylic prostheses. Material and methods We studied a group of 340 who were examined and prosthetized for three years ( 1 April 2015 – 1 October 2018) in the Pristhetics Department of Dental Faculty Iasi. All patients included in this study were diagnosed with extended partial partialedentation, subtotal edentation, or total edentation of varied etiology and with various complications due to incorrect prosthesis or prosthesis Results taking into account the particularity of the clinical case, we chose the therapeutic variants that do not overload the outstanding elements from the intraoral level, making a complex oral rehabilitation adapted to each patient..ConclusionsThe stability of the mobile prostheses ensures the prophylaxis of the overlying tissues from the prosthetic field limiting the resorption of the edentuous crests, as well as the periodontal retractions.

The goals of this research are: (1) to compare the survival and prosthetic success of metal-ceramic 3-unit tooth- versus implant-supported fixed dental prostheses; (2) to evaluate the influence of several risk factors on the prosthetic success of tooth- and implant-supported fixed dental prostheses (FPDs). A total of 68 patients with posterior short edentulous spaces (mean age 61.00 ± 1.325 years), were divided into two groups: 3-unit tooth-supported FPDs (40 patients; 52 FPD; mean follow-up 10.27 ± 0.496 years) and 3-unit implant-supported FPDs (28 patients; 32 FPD; mean follow-up 8.656 ± 0.718 years). Pearson-chi tests were used to highlight the risk factors for the prosthetic success of tooth- and implant-supported FPDs and multivariate analysis was used to determine significant risk predictors for the prosthetic success of the tooth-supported FPDs. The survival rates of 3-unit tooth- versus implant-supported FPDs were 100% and 87.5%, respectively, while the prosthetic success was 69.25% and 68.75%, respectively. The prosthetic success of tooth-supported FPDs was significantly higher for patients older than 60 years (83.3%) vs. 40–60 years old (57.1%) (p = 0.041). Periodontal disease history decreased the prosthetic success of tooth- versus implant-supported FPDs when compared with the absence of periodontal history (45.5% vs. 86.7%, p = 0.001; 33.3% vs. 90%, p = 0.002). The prosthetic success of 3-unit tooth- vs. implant-supported FPDs was not significantly influenced by gender, location, smoking, or oral hygiene in our study. In conclusion, similar rates of prosthetic success were recorded for both types of FPDs. In our study, prosthetic success of tooth- versus implant-supported FPDs was not significantly influenced by gender, location, smoking, or oral hygiene; however, history of periodontal disease is a significant negative predictor of success in both groups when compared with patients without periodontal history.

It is common knowledge that some natural antimicrobial peptides also have a tumoricidal effect. We have shown that the peptides defensin and cathelicidin LL37 have cytostatic effects on human tumor cell lines HT29 (colorectal carcinoma) and A549 (alveolar carcinoma). In order to determine the modulating mechanism of these peptides we assessed the gene expression of the AKT, HIF-1α, XBP, NRF2, PERK, CHOP, BCL2, IRE1α and PI3K molecular targets involved in the survival, growth, proliferation and apoptosis pathways of tumor cells in the presence or absence of the studied peptides. Thus, this research enabled us to determine molecular markers and methods of assessment and monitoring of tumor cell cytotoxicity by high-performance molecular biology techniques. Defensin and cathelicidin LL37 activated tumor cell apoptosis, especially for the HT29, but also for A549 line, by increasing gene expression of CHOP and by lowering BCL2 gene expression. Oxidative stress determined the increase in gene expression of XBP, which directly influenced CHOP. The decrease in NRF2 gene expression highlighted the inhibition of cell proliferation, while the decrease in HIF1α gene expression evidenced the decrease in cell survival.

Progress in genetics and molecular biology has resulted in the emergence of new concepts to explain the etiology and pathogenesis of many human disease processes including oro-dental diseases. Recent advances in molecular aspects of odontogenesis indicate that the development of teeth is under strict genetic control. More than 300 genes are involved in determination of the position, number, and shape of the different types of teeth. Currently, there are more than 4,000 genetic disorders identified till date, of which orofacial syndromes form a considerable part. Genetic factors either in isolation or in combination with various environmental factors plays role in causation of these craniofacial anomalies. Early diagnosis is often crucial for the effective treatment of functional and developmental aspects. However, not all syndromes can be clinically identified early, especially in cases of absence of known family history. Moreover, the treatment of these patients is often complicated because of insufficient medical knowledge, and because of the dental and craniofacial developmental variations. The role of the team is crucial for the prevention, proper function, and craniofacial development which is often combined with orthognathic surgery. Clinical phenotyping together with genetic data and pathway information will ultimately pave the way for preventive strategies and therapeutic options in the future. This will improve the prognosis for better functional and aesthetic outcome for these patients and lead to a better quality of life, not only for the patients themselves but also for their families.

As dental caries is a common disease with high prevalence worldwide, many researches are focused nowadays on the longevity of direct composite restorations and indirect restorations both in the anterior and posterior dental substance loss. The mean survival rates of the direct composite restorations, after follow-up period of 3-10 years, are between 85,10% and 97,40%. The mean survival rates of the indirect coronal restorations, after follow-up period of 8-10 years, are between 90,40% and 100%. In the recovery of the esthetic and masticatory functions affected by coronal substance loss, the direct composite restorations and ceramic inlays or onlays have advantages and limits. The dentists must focus on factors related to material and technique as well as on clinical and biological factors, when a repair versus replacement decision must be taken

The purpose of our study was to analyze the influence of Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-15Zr dental implants, with complex implant designs, on the cortical and trabecular mandibular bone in regards to the stress value and its distribution using finite element analysis. A total of four 3D implant assemblies were modeled, each consisting of implant, abutment, abutment screw, cement layer, and ceramic crown. Implants were modeled with different macrostructure designs with focus on the main thread and microthread design as well as complex geometry details. All implants were inserted in the second molar position in the mandible bone section, consisting of two macro-structures, a 2 mm thick cortical bone and an internal cancellous bone. Results revealed that small variations in the implant design led to a great difference in the stress values and distribution in both cortical and cancellous bone. Our results suggest no major difference between Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-15Zr in regards to the material�s ability to decrease stress in the periimplant bone. However, within the same material, results revealed important differences between thread design and implant geometry concerning the stress values and stress concentration in cortical and cancellous bone in the mandibular model.

The aim of this review was to highlight the status of oral hygiene and oral health in patients from different age groups diagnosed with diabetes type 1 and type 2. Materials and method. A literature review on aspects related to oral health, oral hygiene levels in diabetic type 2 patients was conducted. Relevant clinical studies were searched through PubMed, and Scopus database. The search terms used were as follows: oral health, oral hygiene, diabetes. We included publications in English language, written in the last 20 years. Results. The oral hygiene level is poor for children, young adults and middle age patients. Diabetes patients have higher cariogenic and periodontal risk comparing with non-diabetes. Conclusions: In patients with diabetes xerostomia, dental caries, and periodontal disease are most frequently diagnosed, comparing with healthy patients. This category of patients requires intensive and constant oral hygiene training and the increase of awareness regarding the importance of oral hygiene habits in the maintaining the oral health.

Aim: The paper describes oral aspects and anomalies associated with Niemann- Pick syndrome. Materials and method: Oral aspects of Niemann-Pick syndrome were recorded and discussed, in a 8-years age chidren, diagnosed with severe functional disorders. Results and discussions. Severe disorders associated with Niemann-Pick syndrome were followed by esthetic and masticatory disorders. The major complain is the altering of masticatory function due to the onset and acute evolution of dental caries. The treatment of the dental caries will solve the masticatory, esthetic and phonetic functions. After the end of the development of maxillary and mandibular bones the dental treatments can be followed by oral complex rehabilitation. Conclusion. The early dental interventions and the increasing awareness of parents regarding the constant check-up sessions, the monitoring of the growth process as well as interdisciplinary approach represent the stages and directions of the dental treatment plan for children with Niemann- Pick syndrome.

Health-related quality of life studies are important because they can express benefits or damage to health care. The tools for measuring the quality of life at the individual level are described in the form of questionnaires. If a foreign questionnaire is used, it is mandatory to test the psychometric properties: fidelity and validity. The OHIP 14 questionnaire made by Slade and Spencer in English is used to assess the quality of life correlated with oral health in adult population. Before being used in Romanian, it was tested on a group of 928 subjects in Iasi County, following the WHO methodology. The results of the study have shown that both, fidelity and validity, have obtained high values, so that the questionnaire can be used as a measure of quality of life related with oral health.

Intercalated edentations have high prevalence both in anterior and lateral prosthetic areas. Various prosthetic solutions can be proposed for these clinical situations, including fixed bridges, hybrid prosthesis, or implant-prosthetic rehabilitation. Financial reasons or abutment teeth affected by severe periodontal disease, can conduct to the replacement of these prosthetic solutions with removable dentures but the oral hygiene as well as the period of adaptation and restoration of functions are more difficult. Pro-prosthetic treatments, crown lengthening and surgery procedures (augmentation associated or not to guided bone regeneration technique) on the level of the alveolar ridge, must be considered to improve the biological and clinical indices of the prosthetic area. The decisional processes are dealing with a great number of variables which need beeing evaluated and correlated with clinical factors, technological solutions, financial costs and patients’ demands.

In literature there are very many studies highlighting the correlation between oral health and diverse social factors, including lifestyle, social and cultural environment, health organization and care as well as the health policy. The educational level may represent an important risk factor for health in the context in which it is associated to poverty and to a hostile physical environment. In the context of oral health, a low education level also associated to the footprint characteristic to the cultural level of a person may determine their lack of interest towards the prevention of oral disorders, the practicing of an inadequate oral hygiene and the adoption of a vicious lifestyle. In this context, the health promoting programmes must rely on viable strategies that may eliminate not only financial barriers but also the ones preventing the equal access of the disfavored population to education and health.

The active mastication has not only role in food intake and digestion, but also in the maintaining and promotion of the cognitive functions. It was demonstrated the increase of the blood supply in neuronal areas during mastication due to the stimulation of dental baroreceptors, alveolar baroreceptors and masticatory muscles during. Chewing was associated with greater alertness, more positive mood, faster reaction times, improved focus as well as with the improvement of the learning ability. On the other part, epidemiologic studies found that elderly individuals with high number of absent teeth are more likely to develop cognitive dysfunction, and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer and dementia.

The dental bridges have a non metallic element made up in ceramic or composite that will rehabilitate the morphology and the functions, and a metallic framework, that assure the resistance and the retention of the aesthetic component. The technological algorithm used in order to obtain cast prostheses has the following steps: pouring the casts, the wax patterns, investing and realization of the mold, dental alloy melting and casting, divesting and polishing. The aim of our study was to emphasize the technological steps that can influence the final parameters of the cast prostheses. Twenty-one metallic frameworks for different dental fixed prostheses were cast (crowns, short bridges and the full arch bridges) and evaluated through the macroscopic examination method in order to detect any possible surface defects (pores, fissures, fractures, holes or excesses of alloy). In conclusion, the accuracy of the technological parameters will prevent any errors and will lead to dental cast prostheses with optimal biomechanical and clinical behavior

The functional diagnostics is an integral part of the contemporary stomatology. Despite the fact that the masticatory organ represents a complicated system of structural and functional connections, doctors often neglect the careful diagnostics of this crucial organ. One of the reasons for this situation is, probably, the lack of a common opinion about the methods of diagnostics. Divergence of opinions causes a sense of uncertainty and even fear of using systematized and functional diagnostics in daily activity. At the same time, the result of any treatment is unpredictable without a competent diagnostic research.

Gingival melanin pigmentation is a physiologic condition which does not present any medical problem, but clinicians are often faced with a challenge of achieving gingival esthetics in such cases. The color of gingiva is determined by number and size of blood vessels, thickness of epithelium, keratinization degree, and melanin pigments present in epithelium. Melanocytes, located in basal and suprabasal layers of epithelium, are the cells that produce melanin pigments which play a main role for pigmentation of gingiva. In this case report, the use of 940 nm diode laser for depigmentation of gingiva is presented. A female patient applied with a chief complaint of “darkened gums” due to heavy smoking. In intraoral examination, diffuse melanin pigmentation was observed in both the maxilla and mandible. Under the local anesthesia, 940 nm diode laser was applied for depigmentation at 2 W power in continuous mode. The patient was recalled at 3 and 7 days after intervention to evaluate the healing and recurrence rate. The patients had no postoperative pain or edema, and complete healing was observed after one week . This study revealed that depigmentation with 940 nm diode laser is successful in terms of esthetics and patient comfort.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the electrochemical behavior of two dental alloys: palladium alloy (Palidor) and Ni-Cr alloy (Verasoft) in three types of artificial saliva. Determination of corrosion potential and recording of linear and cyclic polarization curves were performed with PGP201 potentiostat (VoltaLab 21- Radelkis Copenhagen. In order to study the modifications produced on the surface of the electrodes, a complex optical microscope MC 1 research type (IOR, Romania) was used, adapted to a digital camera, which was connected to a computer for the digital acquisition of images . Two metal alloys based on Ag-Pd and Ni-Cr were used for the experiments. The materials used came from different types of dental restorations removed from the oral cavity of the patients after a 5-15 years period. As corrosion environments, three artificial saliva were used: Fusayama, Afnor and Rondelli. The Pd-Ag dental alloy exhibits a very good corrosion resistance and the treatment in the Afnor saliva does not affect the surface of the alloy. Electrochemical behavior in Fusayama-Meyer�s saliva of the alloy surface results in a series of spots representing deposits of insoluble salts resulting from the oxidation process, while in the Rondelli saliva there is a series of small corrosion points on the alloy surface. The behavior of the Verasoft alloy in the Afnor and Rondelli saliva is similar; In both solutions, the potential breakthroughs are very close, but in Fusayama-Meyer�s saliva, the potential for initiation of corrosion points is very low (206 mV), a potential that can be encountered in the oral cavity. All metals and metal alloys, even the noble and semi-precious ones, are susceptible to corrosion, forming compounds with properties different from those of the metal or base alloy, which change their surface condition. Metallic dental restorations are permanently affected by the factors of the oral environment (physical-mechanical, chemical and biological), being subjected to a continuous process of degradation.

The aim of the study is the quantification of the main factors that influence the rehabilitation of the complications of partially edentation in view of choosing the best therapeutic solution from the field of both classic and modern prostheses, as well as the identification of the clinical and technological rehabilitation actions in agreement with the particularity of the clinical case. Material and Methods: The study lot included a number of 120 patients diagnosed with partially edentation who reported to the Clinical Basis for Education of the Faculty of Dental Medicine in the period 2015-2017, the lot comprising 70 women, 50 men, aged between 38 and 73. The assessment of the patients was made by clinical and paraclinical exams. Results: We notice a prevalence of the female sex, in a proportion of 58.3% of the lot, while the male sex represents 41%, this aspect being influenced more by esthetic reasons, being much stricter in case of the female sex. As far as the status of the local indices is concerned, of course in correlation with the other factors that decisively influence the therapeutic decision, we notice a proportional equality of 50% between the positive and negative clinical – biological indices, a very important aspect in the therapeutic decision to opt for a hybrid prosthesis that uses extra-coronary races as preservation, support and stabilization elements, which can only be used in case of a very good dental implantation. Conclusions: The identification, using clinical and paraclinical methods, of the entire set of complications triggered by edentation is in fact, an essential condition of targeted therapy, but also a starting point for the rigorous selection of the therapeutic algorithm, of the dental materials used and of the requirements related to the recreation of a high—fidelity morphology.

Oral rehabilitation involves complex procedures, especially when the edentation is biterminal. The loss of occlusal surfaces leads to important changes on the dento-periodontal and muco-osseous level that is also associated with the collapse of the occlusal vertical dimension and the modification of the centric relation landmarks.Aim The study is focused on detecting the complex oral rehabilitation methods in the case of extended partial edentation, as well as customizing the therapeutic algorithm depending on local and loco-regional factors and the clinical aspects that may influence the final therapeutic option.Material and method The evaluation of the therapeutic algorithm as part of the complex oral rehabilitation of partial edentulous patients has been performed focusing on the comparative aspects between various therapeutic solutions, explaining and correlating the positive, respectively the negative morphofunctional aspects which influence the oral rehabilitation solution. Results and discussions In order to obtain a complex oral rehabilitation, the functions of the stomatognathic system must be restored so as to result in compatibility between the aspect of the oral tissues and the rehabilitation solution. The partial removable dentures must be compatible from biological and physiological point of view with the elements of the prosthetic field and must restore the esthetical function. Conclusions The variety of the therapeutic alternatives must observe the patient’s requirements and the local biological aspects

The complex oral rehabilitation aims the functions’ recovery of the stomatognathic system as well as the improvement of the clinical and biological indices of the prosthetic field. The pro-prosthetic stage includes the oral surgical procedures as follows: coronal elongation by gingivectomy and gingivoplasty, frenectomy, vestibuloplasty, sinus lifting, alveolar augmentation. Literature data sustain the laser-assissted pro-prosthetic surgical procedures due to a few benefits over conventional procedures. The most used lasers in the pro prosthetic stage are diode lasers (805nm-1064nm), Er:YAG laser (2780nm), and Er,Cr:YSGG laser (2940nm). The interaction with oral tissues is selective and accurate, reducing trauma, bleeding and postoperative complications. The excellent hemosthasis, the control over tissues ablation and the limited or absent postoperative pain are the major benefits of the laser-assisted surgical procedures performed in the pro-prosthetic stage.

Aim of the study The complex clinical cases require correct and complete, multidisciplinary rehabilitation, which will have as a final result the homogeneous restoration of the functions of the stomatognathic system, which often imposes a clinical and technological challenge. Material and methods A number of 22 patients were treated with cases of partially extended edentation, in which specific and nonspecific treatment stages were approached, from simple to complex, ranging from acquiring hygiene techniques to extensive interventions on the bone support. Results In 72% of patients, bimaxillary prosthetic rehabilitation was possible, but the general health condition conditioned the pro-prosthetic treatment stages, and postextractional complications conditioned the occlusal rehabilitation. Conclusions The approach of partially extended edentulous patients is a challenge due to the age of edentation, comorbidities, case score and which ensures the dynamics of the fine line between purposes and the medical reality of the clinical case.

Cardiovascular diseases are a major group of diseases with increased prevalence among the population. Antihypertensive drugs are incriminated as responsible for reducing salivary flow and harm to oral health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of cardiovascular disease and implicitly of cardiovascular medication on salivary parameters in patients with cardiovascular disease. Material and method. The cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 patients, an average age of 60.47 years. Subjects completed a questionnaire with general data and were clinical examined. The Saliva-Check Buffer (GC) tests were used to determine salivary pH, salivary flow and buffer capacity. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 14.0. Results: 50% of them had hypertension, treated with one type of antihypertensive drug, 73.3% using beta-blockers. 80% of subjects have a low salivary secretion, 53% have a reduced buffer capacity, 90% of subjects have a very low and low salivary pH. 86% of the subjects had dental caries and periodontal disease. Most of the subjects with monotherapy presented the lowest acidic pH cases. The saliva buffer capacity was lower for multi-therapy subjects. Conclusions: Cardiovascular disease is accompanied by changes in oral cavity homeostasis. Prevalence of dental caries, periodontal disease and edentation presented elevated values among subjects with cardiovascular disease.

Partial edentulism is still prevalent in adult population from east european country. The aim of study is to evaluate the association between socio-demographic factors, and the partial edentulism in the adult population from Iasi, Romania. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a randomly selected population from Iasi. The study group included 214 patients who attended the Department of Prosthodontics of UMPh Gr.T.Popa Iasi during the 2015 – 2016. Data were acquired based on a questionnaire and clinical examination and was statistically analysed SPSS 15.0. Results: Out of 214 subjects, 50,5% were males partially edentulous, 64,5% were employed and 57,5% belonged to the medium level of education.Decay (61,7%) was the most common cause of tooth loss, followed by periodontal disease 30,8%. . Function restauration (72,9%) was the most common reason for replacement of missing teeth. 67,8% presented fixed treatment and 21,5% deemed both options as acceptable. Kennedy’s class I group was the most frequent type of partial edentulism, followed by class III, class I and the least frequent being class IV. Subjects with the medium level of education have a higher percentage of any type of prosthesis, the difference being statistically significant in terms of the amovible prosthesis between the two levels of education. Conclusion: The study show that partial edentulism frequence is influenced by the action of socio-demographic factors. It is necessary to develop programs that support oral health in the adult population through information regarding the prevention of edentulism.

Dentistry is acknowledged as an outstandingly practical domain of medicine, with an excessive and extensive role of the hand acting in a professional dental environment, with specific working postures, repetitive movements and using different dental instruments. The main objective of our study was to evaluate occupational-hand pathology in dentists and potential trigger factors and to highlight the role of physical therapy in preventing and management of different musculoskeletal issues in dentistry settings. We performed a prospective 12-months study on 30 dentists (20 women), aged between 30 and 60 years, working in private practice aiming to assess professional hand involvement. Enrolled dentists were classified in two equal groups, according to their participation in a kinetic program: group A, dentists performing an individual kinetic program on a daily basis, and group B, dentists without being involved in a physical therapy program. All subjects were followed-up for 12 months. A specific questionnaire derived from the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire was applied in all cases, evaluating different musculoskeletal items such as pain, paresthesias, muscle spasm and amyotrophy, but also joint mobility (wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints).Work-related hand pathology is widely confirmed among dentists, specifically connected to different professional factors such as working postures and movements, number of working hours, cumulative time and experience, as well as type of devices and tools handled. Moreover, dentistry performed according to ergonomic settings is essential in order to reduce the burden of musculoskeletal features and to improve related disability and working performance. Work-related hand pathology accounts for significant morbidity and physical discomfort among dental professionals. With a multifaceted pathobiology ranging from inflammatory to degenerative damage of both soft tissue, nerve and joints (wrist and fingers), musculoskeletal issues are typically linked to professional triggers during routine practice in dentistry.

It is widely recognized that anatomic and functional integrity of the shoulder is critical for a highest performance during routine practice in different health-care professionals, particularly in dentistry. The main aim of this survey was to highlight the morbidity of musculoskeletal shoulder pathology and to demonstrate the role of physical therapy in the prevention and treatment of shoulder disorders among dentists. 30 dentists aged between 35 and 60, with a minimum of 10 years of experience in the medical field and at least 6 working hours per day, were selected for the study and classified in two groups: group A, consisting of 15 dentists performing a complex (general, specific) physical therapy program for the upper limb, and group B, 10 women and 5 men, who were not allowed to participate in the specific kinetic program. All the subjects were evaluated based on a protocol comprising the following variables: pain in the shoulder (character, location, intensity, radiation), joint mobility on flexion/extension/abduction/ adduction/rotation (internal, external), working position (standing, sitting), X-rays of the shoulder, physical therapy exercises on a daily basis (yes/no). The final follow-up was done at 12 months, when the same protocol was applied. Both the upper limb and the spine are the most affected regions among dentists due vicious positions, repetitive movements, prolonged isometric muscle contraction and vibrations, typically related to routine professional activities. After the first 6 months, but also at the end of our survey, we demonstrated significant improvement of pain in subjects who were enrolled in the kinetic program; moreover, joint mobility was also better (maintained throughout the maximal range of motion) in dentists performing physical therapy daily. An individualized kinetic program, typically designed for the shoulder, but including the upper arm joints, revealed the importance of physical therapy in the management of work-related musculoskeletal shoulder pathology

Objective: The current study aimed to determine the prevalence and pattern of partial edentulism among dental patients attending the Faculty of Dentistry, U.M.F Gr.T.Popa Iasi, Romania. Patients and Methods: A total of 253 patients were selected, and the prevalence of partial edentulism among the selected patient was recorded. Patients were grouped into three age groups; Group I: 21-30 years, Group II: 31-40 years, and Group III: 41-50 years. Kennedy’s classification was used to determine the pattern of partially edentulous arches. Data was analyzed using the SPSS version 14.0 for windows. Results: The results showed that the occurrence of Kennedy Class I partial edentulism was 43,5 % in the maxillary arch and 24,1% in the mandibular arch. Followed by Class III in both maxillary and mandibular arch with an average of 23,7 % in maxillary arch and 41,5% in the mandibular arch. Based on these results, class I has the highest prevalence. Conclusions: Among selected patients, Class III dental arch was the most prevalent pattern in maxillary and mandibular arches. Class IV being the least dominant pattern between all classes. There are a rise in Kennedy Class I and Kennedy Class II pattern and a decline in Class III and Class IV with an increase in age.

The burden of work-related musculoskeletal pathology among dental professionals is widely recognized, particularly associated with specific risk factors in routine practice. Aim of the study: The main objective of our study was to evaluate musculoskeletal issues in students in dentistry based on their participation in different levels of professional activities, and to identify potential risk factors. Material and methods: We performed a cross-sectional study in 100 consecutive students attending the School of Dentistry, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, classified in two main groups: 50 students in their first and second year of study, not engaged in specific dental work (group A) and 50 students in their third to sixth year, already performing professional activities in patient (group B). A predefined questionnaire survey was applied in all students, including general data, risk factors for musculoskeletal problems, and information on pain (vertebral, hand) and muscle spasm as main musculoskeletal complains potentially related to their professional doings. Conclusions: Ergonomic postures adopted by the student / dentist in routine practice as well as ergonomic dental instruments are usually associated with less vertebral (lumbar spine) and hand pathology. Ergonomic principles must be applied in routine dental practice and the student educated about prevention of musculoskeletal pathology.

Big variety of clinical cases is a very important element in choosing the peculiarities of development of creating the dentures. In the scope of these concerns enroll the present study, which aims to review, through clinical cases, the possibilities for treatment of edentulous by conventional methods but flexible acrylic material. The present study was performed in the Faculty of Dentistry Iasi, over four years, from 2008 to 2012, the group of patients is made up of those who were sent for prosthetic treatment declaring himself dissatisfied with conventional removable prosthetic dentures, represented be partial acrylic dentures or complete dentures. All patients in this study preferred flexible dentures to conventional ones due to traumatic experiences that have tried it with classical dentures and they restored their confidence that they can regain stomatognat system functionality.

Aim of the study The aim of this study was to asses xerostomia prevalence in a group of removable denture wearers and association of dry mouth sensation with age, sex, cigarettes and other general diseases.Material and methods This study was conducted on a group of patients who presented in The Faculty of Dental Medicine, for a period of two years. These were 68 patients, including 38 men and 30 women..Results: This study, which was based on a questionnaire with multiple elements and detailed history and clinical examination, provides data on a sample of dry mouth edentulous population of different age groups, with different combinations of dentures. Conclusions: The results of this study confirm the results obtained in previous studies on the interrelationship between xerostomia and the general factors such age, sex, systemic diseases, etc. In this study, dry mouth proved to have a significant impact on the normal course of oral function in denture wearers patients.

Aim of the study The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the frequency and type of biological complications caused by partial and complete removable denture. Material and methods The study group was represented by Mihail Kogalniceanu patients during the four years 2010-2014. Results Using data from the anamnesis and clinical examination the following distribution was obtained for intraoral complications related to the type of dentures, entering data into SPSS 14 showed a value of p

Aim of the study The purpose of this clinical study is to assess the contribution of local factors in the lesions of the oral mucosa caused when manifested insults exceed physiological limits leading to the appearance of pathological changes, called denture stomatitis. Material and methods The study group was represented by Mihail Kogalniceanu patients during 2011-2013, denture wearers for at least 1 year. Results:The essential factors involved in the etiology of denture stomatitis have been found to be varied, such as age and gender of the patient, continuing with bad habits such as smoking, poor oral hygiene and denture wear and of course denture instability. Conclusions: Dentures stomatitis affect a relatively large number of removable denture wearers, while having plurifactorial etiology.

Aim of the study The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the frequency and type of biological complications caused by partial and complete removable denture. Material and methods The study group was represented by Mihail Kogalniceanu patients during the four years 2010-2014. Results Using data from the anamnesis and clinical examination the following distribution was obtained for intraoral complications related to the type of dentures, entering data into SPSS 14 showed a value of p

The computerized programs have an unquestionable role in attaining high educational standards. Besides, they are efficient tools to identify the clinical case particularities as well as to evaluate them in accordance with the sum of clinico-biological indices specific to the clinical case. During the didactic process, the simulation has an essential role, as a preface to the practical procedures which train the practical abilities on each clinical entity in dental medicine

Predictability is a key condition for the development of the health system. The success of a dental treatment is conditioned by an accurate diagnosis, in conjunction with an appropriate treatment plan. A diagnosis can be established when one or more diagnostic signs are present. The initial diagnosis is further characterized using one or two risk factors. For every patient that will be treated, it is made a dental folder that contains the survey, and a series of paraclinical examinations. At any time we can detect the existence of some elements of predictability of the general disease with impact at the level of the oral cavity. Due to the wide spread of the illness and of the difficulties of therapeutic order in advanced forms of the disease. In recent decades there have been made special efforts in the direction of their diagnosis in the early stages. There are not always forms of chronic or acute, appeared in the oral cavity, which can be considered in its own right, but may be correlated with a general known pathology or not known to the patient.

In the current economic situation statistical indicators suggest a decline in global and national dental services market under increased competition. So we must take a cost-effective and strengthening market position. Thus it is recommended that the management office to focus on retention and follow active patients and a system of quality control of treatments. In order to achieve these objectives must monitor certain type of control elements medical, economic, management and promotion.

The purpose of the study Our study was centred on the comparative research of enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidative status mediators in the crevicular fluid on chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients, compared to periodontal healthy subjects. Materials and methods The study was conducted on 42 patients. They were divided in 3 study groups: chronic periodontitis subjects, aggressive periodontitis patients and periodontal healthy subjects. On marginal periodontitis patients, associated or not with systemic diseases, we initially collected gingival crevicular fluid and saliva samples and we evaluated the following enzymatic stress markers for all the three groups of subjects: superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde, using the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) as biologic material. Results The statistical analysis for the malondialdehyde in the control group, aggressive periodontitis group and chronic periodontitis group shows significant differences between the groups. SOD values in the gingival crevicular fluid were low in the periodontitis groups compared to the control group. Despite the strong correlation between the glutathione peroxidase values in the three groups, we did not observe any significant differences between the GPx values in the aggressive periodontitis, chronic periodontitis and control groups. Conclusions The present study revealed significant statistic differences between most of the oxidative stress parameters analysed in the GCF, especially in the aggressive periodontitis group, less in the chronic periodontitis group compared to the control group.

The success of any therapeutic solutions is based on psychological training and motivation of the patient. Nowadays, the dentist who uses a prosthetic implant solution has at hand a series of laboratory tests using various radiological software that provides more accurate images. This software that is used at digital radiographs, CT, also allows simulations of the number, the implant positioning, etc. and helps the clinician to explain to the patient the therapeutic solution, the complexity of the dental work, and the need for continuous supervision after the surgery itself.

Introduction The pathology from the level of the oral cavity may represents sings of homeostasic disequilibrium or structural modifications on the level of the entire organism. The oral manifestations can be indicators in order to establish an early diagnosis for the general disease. Material and methods The patients suffering from diabetes mellitus were examined and they presented different pathological aspects both on general level and of the oral cavity. Within the evaluation, there were included the people that showed pain determined by dental decay, with pulp and periodontal complications, with acute periodontal inflammatory phenomena, masticatory and aesthetic dysfunctions, tension and gingival itching. For each patient, we took into account the type of diabetes, the values of the glycaemia and the followed treatment. Results In the case of the affections, on the level of the mucosa, we found lesions on the level of the tongue, marginal periodontal and labial mucosa and the edentulous ridge. Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for the modifications on the level of the oral cavity because the patients suffering from diabetes have affections characterized by seriousness and rapid evolution. Conclusions Even if there are several general affections that can influence or accelerate the edentation, the diabetes greatly influences both the rate of the loss of odonto – parodontal units and the deterioration of the edentulous prosthetic area.

The knowledge of the elastic characteristic of the constituting materials of the dentures is necessary in the calculation of strength, strains and stability, in the experimental stress analysis and in the finite element method usage. Purpose the study establishes the material constants: the coefficients of elasticity and Poisson coefficients. Materials: we used 4 specimens from specific biomaterials of removable denture. Materials and method The four specimens were tested to determine the tensile strength using the Instron testing machine. Results The material constants determination is necessary in biomechanical behaviour of removable dentures analyses. Conclusion The models can be considered linear elastic bodies

The practical work in the field of dentistry offers a clear picture of the increased frequency of therapeutic solutions on the partially edentulous, aiming through it a high degree of biological recovery, a particularly important role being for knowledge of the spreading tensions on the remaining prosthetic field elements and for the induced strains distribution in the removable prosthetics substitutes. The analysis of biomechanical behavior of the removable partial dentures, as well as the body’s response to the induced action of it, are an important parts of the current studies with results of particular importance in choosing the final therapeutic solution.

Introduction. The change of the implants’ surface becomes a sine-qua-non condition for the realisation of the perio-integration concept, essential aspect for the viability of the implant-prosthetic therapeutic solutions. Methods: The experiments were conducted on dental implants manufactured from titanium Ti6Al4V and Periotype implants from the Kavo Company, with a micro RBM (resorbable Blasting Media) surface. The process of total bio-mimic covering made use of two solutions which can deposit calcium phosphate from watery solution, at the body’s temperature the synthetic biological fluid – FBS and the oversaturated solution in ions of SCS-calcium. Results: From the study of the microscopic structures obtained and researched it resulted that the micro bio-mimic ceramic layer is continuous, porous and adherent to the metal surface.Through AFM electronic microscope studies it was highlighted, within 3D coordinates, the relief of the ceramic layer deposited. This phenomenon confirms itself also through in vivo experiments conducted on animals.The determining of the chemical nature for the ceramic layer was conducted through a difractometric study with X-XRD ray. The evolution in time of the reconstruction process of the bone tissue and of bone integration was measured through micro-X-raying of the implanted areas at a 30-days interval; [3]In the case of the experiments done on animals, these determinations. Discussion & Conclusions: Following the specific operating times specific to such type of therapeutic manual labour, after the finalization of the implant’s application it was radio-physiologically ascertain at four months after the very good intervention of the implant, that the bone structure presented an evident condensation, a fact which pleads in favour of the correct integration in full harmony with the sustaining structures. The bio-active apatite’s layer led to considerable results regarding the surface’s state. It is remarkable the highly degree of bio-compatibility, facilitating a very good osseous-integration of implants with the surface’s state thus modified.

The major objective of this paper consists in underlining the wide range of possibilities in assessing the elderly patient; it relies on clinical examination in order to exclusively improve the patient's physiognomic aspect.In this context it has been organized a study which included 64 elderly patients aged between 60 and 90 years of age (median age 75), which presented themselves at the Clinical Service of Dental Semiology and Gerontostomatology between 2011-2012; they requested the restoration of the functions affected by odontal coronary lesions, periodontal disorders or edentations more or less expanded, malocclusions, malrelations of the mandible to the skull and unsuccessful or deteriorated dental or prosthetic treatments.The restoration of dental arches has been performed relying on common sense and power of discernment, respecting both facial features and expression by redimensioning the lower part of the face, repositioning the mandible and using gnatoprosthetic devices.Solving the problems elderly patients confront themselves with and the success of the treatment has been possible only after a correct assessment of the involutive phenomena that influence the oral cavity, after understanding the local and general factors that predispose to oral disorders as well as the differences between various techniques and materials.

Dental services for elderly patients are characterized by a series of particularities related to the vulnerability of this age group, which is affected by various co morbidities, and the diminished physical, cognitive and financial capacities. Finding ways to keep elderly patients coming to a dental office is possible by improving the dentist-patient relationship and implicitly the quality of care by increasing the self-esteem of the elderly and their place in society, by increasing the role of oral health in the quality of life, and here we refer to the pleasure of eating, the pleasant physical aspect and normal diction. The present paper presents the psychological aspects that interfere in the communication process between the dentist and the elderly patient and the changes motivation undergoes when people are in pain. These data can sometimes change the reticent attitude of the dentist towards the elderly patient which is often considered to be a risk patient.