Search

關於客家的礦山開發歷史研究的範圍幾乎僅限於東南亞之鍚礦或金礦，主要是馬來西亞。可是在中國國內的客話圈與鍚礦山的關係也不容忽視。從江西客話圈之一的吉安縣，到擁有世界屈指可數的鍚礦之雲南的移民便是其例子之一。其實雲南的鍚礦脈地帶與當地江西會館的分布重複的情況並不少見。雖然從江西到雲南的移民路徑尚有研究余地，19 世紀末期到 20 世紀初期的歷史文獻已經言及江西人和其雲南的鍚礦山開發。早在1930年代江西的吉安已被認為是客話圈，到1990年代後吉安人才有了自己的客家認同性。本論文考察中國國內也有從客家圈移民到鍚礦山地域的例子，客家的鍚礦開發歷史並不限於東南亞。, Historically, research on the Hakka people’s relationship with tin mining was limited exclusively to Southeast Asia, mainly Malaysia. However, there is evidence that people from Ji’an, a Hakka-speaking sphere located in central Jiangxi Province, also emigrated to Yunnan, which even today boasts the world’s leading deposits of tin. In Yunnan, there used to be a number of meeting halls named after this population’s hometown of Ji’an back in Jiangxi. Although the route by which people from Jiangxi migrated to Yunnan remains unclear, it is known that the Jiangxi miners were also deeply involved in tin mining in Yunnan during the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries. By the early 1930s, Ji’an was already regarded as a Hakka-speaking sphere. However, it was only after the 1990s that local people identified themselves as Hakkas. This research on migratory patterns from the Hakkaspeaking sphere to other tin mining regions within China proves that the relationship between Hakka migration and tin mining areas is not limited to that found within Southeast Asia., 客家語圏出身者がマレーシアを初めとする錫鉱山の開発に深く関わっていたことは史実であるが，その方式は中国国内で世界屈指の錫鉱床を持つ雲南でも当てはまるのだろうか。江西側の文献からは断片的ではあるが民国時代に雲南から戻った「同胞」の記録があり，客家という紐帯ではないが，江西と雲南で人の往き来があったことが分かる。江西から雲南の錫鉱山地帯である蒙自への移住ははっきりと会館の数に表されており，雲南に客家語圏とされる江西吉安県の会館が江西会館とは別に存在したことは看過できない。2000 年以後には江西省吉安地区も客家語圏として情報発信を行っているが江西省としてはさほど大きな支援を行っていない。江西から雲南への移住は雲南側，とくに錫鉱山地区における江西会館の存在から裏付けられ，客家語圏出身者が錫鉱山を目指しての移住はマレーシアなど海外の事例に限った事でない証左を挙げることができた。

大学生を対象に、ほめられた頻度と肯定的気分、抑うつ気分、不安気分、自尊感情との関連性を調べた。ほめられた頻度については、その大学生に自分以外の誰かからことばでほめられた経験を平日の5日間記録してもらうことによって測定した。その結果、ほめられた頻度と肯定的気分との間には比較的強い正の相関が、ほめられた頻度と抑うつ気分との間には比較的強い負の相関が認められた。ほめられた頻度と不安気分、自尊感情との間にはほとんど相関がなかった。この結果は、繰り返しほめられることは肯定的気分を強め、抑うつ気分を弱めるが、不安気分と自尊心にはあまり影響しないことを示唆している。

The objective of this study was to clarify the fatigue behavior of hollow yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) specimens assuming its use for two-piece implants. The fatigue properties of a solid specimen (which simulated a one-piece implant) and 3 types of hollow specimens (which simulated two-piece implants) were evaluated. Specimens were either solid with a diameter of 4.0 mm (S) or hollow with an inner diameter of 3.0 mm and outer diameters of 4.0 mm (H0.5), 4.5 mm (H0.75), or 5.0 mm (H1.0). For each group, 25 specimens were prepared followed by blast and acid etch treatment. Static fracture and cyclic fatigue tests were conducted by modifying the methods provided in ISO6872. Fracture modes were determined by observing the surfaces under a scanning electron microscope. As a result, the cyclic fatigue load of S and H1.0 were similar, and hollow specimens with outer diameters greater than 0.75 mm displayed the ability to withstand molar occlusal forces.

We have fabricated multilayer readout wiring Transition Edge Sensors (TES), which enable us to realize both large effective area and high-energy resolution for future X-ray astrophysical missions, such as DIOS. By sandwiching a SiO2 insulation layer between Al superconducting signal and return lines, self/mutual inductances and self fielding of bias leads are expected to be reduced. We fabricated 4x4 and 20x20 TES array on the multilayer wiring and tested their performance. Under the low temperature condition, several pixels in the TES array showed sharp superconducting transitions at around ~300 mK. We also succeeded in detecting X-ray signals from the 4x4 TES, contrary to the previous results of 20x20 TES. We further investigated the reasons for the differences between the 4x4 TES and the 20x20 TES, and present future plans for improving the multilayer TES array fabrication., Comment: 6 pagas, 4 figures, LTD15

Culture studies were conducted on two local populations of a marine alga Bangia atropurpurea (Roth) Lyngbye from Enoshima and Fukaura, Japan. The wild plants from Enoshima and Fukaura were asexual and dioecious sexual plants, respectively. The archeospore germling has the same sexuality of the parental plant of gametophytes in the dioecious Fukaura plant. Isolated male or female gametophytes produced apogamous conchocelis from the vegetative cells of each plant. These conchocelis filaments produced conchosporangial branches, and the liberated concho- spores grew to gametophytes. The sexuality of the gametophyte is the same as the sexuality of the mother plant. Archeospores from Enoshima and Fukaura plant were cultured at various temperatures of 5-30∞C under a photon flux density of 80 mmol photons/m 2 /s and day lengths of 14 L : 10 D and 10 L : 14 D. After 40 days in culture, the maximum plant length of Fukaura was markedly smaller than those of Enoshima at 10-25∞C. The Enoshima plant produced archeospores only and grew well at 15-25∞C, but did not grow at 30∞C after 16 days. However, the Fukaura plant grew at 10-30∞C and grew well at 20-25∞C. The plant produced zygotospores at 15-20∞C within 40 days in culture. The results of these observations suggest that the plants of Enoshima and Fukaura have different types of life history, and the plant of Fukaura is a completely dioecious plant with an apogamic reproductive subcycle.

Changes in iron and ferritin in calves infected with Theileria sergenti were investigated to elucidate iron metabolism in animals with extravascular hemolytic anemia. During severe anemia, serum iron was remarkably elevated while the total iron-binding capacity remained relatively unchanged or decreased slightly in the infected calves, resulting in elevated transferrin saturation. The serum ferritin concentration gradually increased with the progress of anemia. The erythrocyte ferritin content drastically increased when mean corpuscular volume was elevated. The concentration of non-heme iron and ferritin in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow of the infected calves was markedly higher than that in the respective tissues of the control animals. In particular, the liver of the anemic calves was found to contain 23 and 35 times as much non-heme iron and ferritin, respectively, as that of the non-anemic healthy cattle. The liver type (L) to heart type (H) subunit ratio of liver ferritin was significantly higher in the protozoa-infected than in the non-infected cattle. On the other hand, the L/H ratio of marrow ferritin was significantly reduced by the anemia. These results indicate that the anemic calves infected with T. sergenti apparently present symptoms of iron overload.

We are developing transition edge sensor (TES) arrays using multilayer superconducting readout wiring for future X-ray astronomical missions. The TES pixels are formed on the multilayer readout wiring composed of hot and return wires sandwiching an insulation layer. The interface between the wiring and the TES is formed by patterning the topmost wiring layer followed by deposition of the TES layer. To mitigate problems found in a past device, edges of the upper readout wiring are tapered with an ion milling method to enhance an electrical contact between the TES film and the upper readout wiring. To verify this design, we fabricated a 400-pixel test array with the TES pixels on the tapered upper readout wiring. Good physical contact between the TES film and the readout wiring was confirmed with scanning electron microscope. Furthermore, a low transition temperature ( $\sim$ 160 mK), a sharp transition edge and a low residual resistance $(\sim\!\! 1\ \hbox{m}\Omega)$ were observed in $RT$ measurements of representative pixels. The critical current was small $10\sim 30\ \mu\hbox{A}$ , although it is still larger than the previous device $( . These results suggest that this method will enable a multilayer wiring TES array with good electrical properties.