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This paper reviews the interconnection between earnings quality and earnings management in the business environment, through the use of flexibility in determining the practices and methods as well as accounting estimates, to change the income that affecting disclosure process when preparing the financial statements. Which will be based on many of the misinformation, through corporate management manipulation results of company profits and losses and financial position statement. These multiple reasons include capital market motivations to raise their share prices and attract potential shareholders. In addition, the motives of borrowing loans and funding. All this leads to the loss of the most important characteristics of the quality of representation is sincere of accounting information. Therefore, will negatively affect the quality of accounting profits. This is one of the most important information that concerns the shareholders. By consideration, the earnings quality and earnings management are two related challenging interwoven issues in financial reporting as earnings management is an aspect influencing earnings quality. In this paper, fundamental scientific processes such as analysis, synthesis, induction, and deduction have been utilized in order to achieve the objective of this paper. This paper concluded that earnings management has a negative impact on the quality of earnings if it distorts the information in a way that is less useful for forecasting future cash flows, which in turn result in unreliable financial reports leading to incorrect decision. Also, corporate earnings of high quality are those that have a high level of persistence, are more timely, more predictable, less volatile and have lower level of earnings management. And on the other side it is important to understand that lower earnings quality are not indicators of poor financial situation or the misapplication of accounting policies, judgments, and estimates.

A well-functioning insurance market benefits the economy by promoting efficient capital allocation, liquidity, savings, and risk reduction. However, in most Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, risk protection uptake is sketchy compared to other regions. For instance, data shows that insurance penetration in Africa stood at 2.78% in 2019, lower than the global average of 7.23%. Hence, this study aims to determine the moderating effect of innovation on institutional components and life insurance penetration in 35 SSA nations between 2009 and 2020. The study employs data from the Financial Development and Structure Database (FDSD), Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI), and World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) for life insurance penetration, the institutional components, and the global innovation index. The study uses the panel corrected standard errors (PCSEs) estimation technique. The study establishes that innovation promotes life insurance penetration by enhancing voice and accountability, the rule of law, and government efficacy mechanisms. The study concludes that innovation is an essential catalyst for performance efficiency through which weak institutional factors can be improved to stimulate insurance uptake. This study adds to the scant body of knowledge on insurance advancement in Africa by examining the previously underexplored function of innovation via the pathway of institutional components. The findings may assist policymakers, managers, and other stakeholders in coordinating innovation plans with institutional mechanisms to boost insurance coverage in the SSA region.

Accounting professionals around the world are increasingly seeking to improve financial and tax reporting. This paper attempts to identify and map current research trends on the Beneish model as a proxy for financial manipulation and taxation worldwide through a bibliometric analysis. Documents published in Scopus journals between 1994 and 2022 were collected and subjected to a series of bibliographic analyses. These analyses included documents profile, publication trends, citation metrics, and keywords. A total of 591 documents were retrieved and analysed using Microsoft Excel to use the bibliographic profiles for further investigation in the bibliometric analysis. Then, Hazing's Publish or Perish software was used to measure the h-index, g-index, and total number of citations using h-core to analyse the citation profiles. Finally, VOSviewer software is used to visualise and map the research results using bibliometric networks. The results show that the literature on this topic is growing rapidly, with the highest number of publications reaching 88 documents in 2022. The most cited article is based on the 2005 paper by Graham et al. with the most citations (3048). The study also shows that the most frequently used keywords are earnings management, financial manipulation, and corporate governance. Finally, agency theory is also listed among the 20 most frequently cited keywords, indicating that agency theory serves as the basis for the theoretical framework of the field under study.

The Supreme Audit Institutions (SAI) are required to act as a corner stone in the public financial management system to prevent and discourage corruption by enhancing transparency, accountability and good governance. However, the executives and legislative arms of government in most of the African countries have reportedly overpowered the independence of SAI due to certain factors. Therefore, this study examines the factors hindering the independence of SAIs towards good governance in the Nigerian public sector. The primary data were collected from senior and management officers in the office of the Auditor General for the Federation and Public Account Committees of the National Assembly through self-administered questionnaire. One hundred and fifty (150) questionnaires were distributed to the respondents. The statistical analysis tool employed in this study is Structural Equation Modeling. The two hypotheses developed for this study were tested through regression analysis which indicated that both negatively affect good governance in the Nigerian public sector. The study revealed that the independence of SAIs in Nigeria was impaired in two critical areas; deliberate under-funding of SAIs and the quality of external auditor hired to perform the task. The study recommends that the constitutional provision that impairs the independence of SAIs should be repealed to ensure their financial autonomy. Finally, the study suggested that the Nigerian government should allow the SAI to independently determine the appointment of experienced external auditors and their fees.

Insurance industries' market penetration level is revealed by the premiums paid as a proportion to overall economic output. Nigeria's insurance penetration rate is 0.33 per cent despite its population advantage of about 200 million people. This rate is far below the average African rate of 2.98 per cent, and the lowest compared to some Sub-Sahara African countries like Kenya, Zimbabwe, Namibia and South Africa. The paper uses annual data on insurance penetration (IP) for the period 1981 to 2018. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was used to projects the insurance penetration rate for 12 years (2019 to 2030). The result shows that the insurance penetration rate keeps decreasing but at a slower rate. The paper recommends that the national regulatory bodies of insurance such as National Insurance Commission of Nigeria (NAICOM) should innovate and implement policies. This action will pave ways for the insurers to design insurance coverage, which will meet the specific needs of heterogeneous societies in order to spur insurance penetration rates.

The emergencies of the globalization of accounting standards and other critical issue have been reported to reduce the cost of enhancing comparability, understandability, and producing supplementary information, and analysis of the accounting reports. This allowed many developing nations who do not want to be left behind to take a cue from the world's major economies to meet the international financial reporting standards (IFRS) that Nigeria has taken measures to converge equally. The study examines the effect of IFRS adoption on financial reporting quality of listed non-financial companies in the Nigerian stock exchange. Particularly, in the area of value relevance and timely loss recognition. The study used 63 non-financial companies’ annual reports listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) for the period of 2008 to 2018 (i.e., 5years pre-adoption and 5years post adoption). Multiple linear regression was used in analyzing the collected data via STATA software. The result shows a significant increase in the value relevance of financial reports after IFRS adoption. The study also showed that the identification of significant losses increased in the post-IFRS adoption era. Based on the result, the study suggests that the relationship between accounting measures on IFRS adoption and financial reporting quality indicates that both foreign and local investors can predict the future of market value of individual securities. Therefore, investor receives considerable information by knowing the price information on time that shows more value relevant. Finally, this study contributed to the theory and practice, as well as direction for further studies related to the financial reporting standards and the reporting quality.

Providing reliable and relevant accounting information is the accounting profession key responsibility. The sound internal control system and management and the employees’ ethical and integrity characteristics, is what depends on it in the reliability and relevance of accounting information and earning manipulation detection. This paper explains how artificial intelligence operates in the audit on the reliability of accounting information and allows managers to obtain high-quality accounting information and earnings manipulation detection by reducing information risk. There are many papers on the research suggested using Artificial Intelligence in auditing and accounting, but it is still not clear to show how to earnings manipulation detection and reduces information risk by using Artificial Intelligence. This paper proposes how to use the Artificial Intelligence practically to automate removing the audits weaknesses. This, in turn, leads to earnings manipulation detection and reduces detection risk, control risk and enhance audit quality by minimizing the risk accounting information and earnings manipulation detection.

this paper aimed at shedding light on the impact of the corporate governance system on improving the quality of the medical services in Benghazi Medical Center, by identifying the main principles and bases of the medical governance system, as well as the role of this system in improving the quality of the medical services. Therefore, in order to determine the attitudes and opinions of the staff at the Benghazi Medical Center about the effectiveness of these principles and the basis of the medical services quality, this paper adopted on the descriptive analytical approach by studying the regulations and instructions on which the Center depends. The preliminary data collected through the questionnaire prepared for this purpose which included a sample size was 30 respondents of doctors, nurses, and administrators. Thus, the paper showed that the medical governance is not implemented in the Benghazi Medical Center and thus has no effect on improving the quality of the medical services. Accordingly, the researchers recommended the need to implement the system of medical governance in public and private health institutions, as a guarantee to improve the medical services quality, and eliminate financial and administrative corruption in these institutions, which is the main reason for the arrival of medical services in Libya to this extent of low and bad

Discriminant validity is recognized as the essential approach in structural equation modelling method to determine the construct uniqueness in a research model. Using this approach, the applied researchers can identify the distinction role on each construct applied in the study. To date, there are several available approaches has been introduced to perform the discriminant validity. In applied research, the Fornell & Larcker approach is known as the method of choice for discriminant validity. Thus, this study attempt to make a comparison Fornell & Larcker approach with HTMT using CBSEM and Consistent PLS. From here, the results revealed that HTMT based Consistent PLS approach is comparable to Fornell & Larcker based CBSEM but not empirical standard to Fornell & Larcker based Consistent PLS. The discussion and recommendations also provided for this justifications.

This study focuses on examining the relationship between stock prices and earnings surprises in quoted companies of Nigeria. This study applied a longitudinal research design which studies the effect of earnings surprises on stock prices using panel data. A sample of 64 companies was chosen to study in all sectors of the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The research data were obtained from secondary sources of the annual reports for the selected companies covering the period from 2013 to 2017. The measurement for earnings surprises used in the study is the residual or unexplained component of earnings persistence model commonly referred to as first-order autoregressive AR (1) regression of reported earnings. Were, the data analysis was carried out by regression using the generalised least squares technique. The regression results for positive earnings surprise shows that share prices react negatively to positive surprises with a coefficient of (-2.4109) in tandem with the return news hypothesis which suggests that positive earnings news results in a negative stock-price reaction. The negative earnings surprise results show that stock prices react positively to negative earnings surprises with a positive coefficient of (0.1136). This is in line with the premise of return news, which indicates that negative earnings news leads to a positive reaction to the share price. The study recommends that there is a need to regulate the stock market to improve the level of market efficiency in stock markets. This will improve the rate at which earnings news will be reserved at stock prices. Secondly, there is a need to improve investor confidence in the disclosed profits made by companies.

The objective of this study is to examine whether companies’ life cycle stages follow a random or sequential developmental pattern using their cash flow patterns. That is to ascertain the optimum life cycle stage of Nigerian companies. Data were obtained from the sampled firms annual reports and accounts, which comprises 79 listed companies on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) from 2009 to 2013 financial years. The cash flow patterns of the firms were thematically analysed as a proxy of developmental patterns, and transition rates between developmental stages were determined. The study reveals that Introduction firms at T0 transited quickly to the Mature stage (70% in T1 through T3), whereas Growth firms developed most rapidly into Shakeout firms (38% at T1). The Mature stage was most stable; 57–65% of firms in this stage at T0 remained so. By contrast, 60% of Decline firms remained in this stage at T1 before transiting to the Mature and Growth stages at T3 and then ultimately fading away at T4, leaving only the Introduction (20%) and Decline (20%) stages. Thus, the development of firms from one life cycle stage to another is random and not sequential. The study, therefore, recommends that Nigerian companies experience their optimum life cycle stage at the matured stage and firms should employ the use of cash flow patterns to identify their business life cycle stage as this will enable companies to apply strategies to sustain themselves at a target stage of the life cycle.