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Adult pine weevils (Hylobius abietis (L.)) feed on the tender bark of branches and roots of mature conifer trees and on the stem bark of conifer seedlings. Their feeding on mature trees does not cause any economic damage, but their feeding on planted seedlings is so devastating that the pine weevil is considered one of the most important forest pest insects in Europe. We asked whether the pine weevil prefers seedlings over other regularly utilized food sources. This question is of particular interest because new approaches to seedling protection are based on decreasing any preference for seedlings by using less palatable plants or by enhancing their defence (by genetic selection or by methyl jasmonate treatment). In a laboratory choice experiment we tested pine weevil feeding preferences for seedlings compared with branches and roots from mature trees (separately for Norway spruce and Scots pine). Pine weevils preferred roots, but not branches, of Norway spruce over seedlings of the same species. With Scots pine there were no clear preferences, but the weevils showed a tendency to prefer roots over seedlings. These results provide support for seedling protection approaches that attempt to redirect pine feeding from planted seedlings to other food sources.

The pine weevil (Hylobius abietis (L.); Coleoptera: Curculionidae) has a high economic impact on forest regeneration in Europe. The general biology of the pine weevil has received considerable attention, but there is insufficient knowledge about its diel behaviour and time budget. Therefore, the feeding and locomotion behaviour of individual adult weevils on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings is observed for 24 hour-periods in the laboratory. Both girdled and non-girdled seedlings are used to assess how the weevils’ behaviour is influenced by the plants physiological response to the girdling. The locomotion pattern shows a distinct maximum during the beginning of the dark phase whereas most feeding occurs during the second half of the dark phase and the first hours of the subsequent light phase. The girdling treatment increase the time that weevils spend on the seedlings during the first part of an observation session, but has no effect on their feeding pattern. The weevils’ time budgets on girdled and non-girdled seedlings are similar. On average, they spend 34 % of their time in locomotion and 6 % on feeding. Females spend more time feeding than males (7.1 % vs. 4.2 %), possibly because they have higher food requirements, e.g. for egg production. Females also spend more time in total on the seedlings than males (26.3 % vs. 7.0 %). This study reveals, in high temporal resolution, the diel feeding and locomotion behaviour and time budget of male and female pine weevils.

Striatovertex new genus Type species: Psilodora nudipennis Kieffer, 1907 Diagnosis. Large black-reddish eucoilines with more or less hairless wings (fig. 1), lacking hair fringe and with membrane pubescence mostly reduced to punctiform hair bases (fig. 7). They are distinguished from Eucoilini with strongly reduced wing pubescence (Eucoila, Bothrochacis, some Trybliographa) by each of the following characters: posteroventral corner of metapleuron flat, rounded and pubescent ("pvc" in fig. 2, compare with the raised, oblique hairless corner in Eucoilini in fig. 3), very narrow and shallow subalar pit ("sap" in fig. 2, compare with the deep round pit in Eucoilini in fig. 3), F 1 (and not F 2) of male antennae modified. From its close relatives Odontosema and Epicoela of Ganaspini, and rather similar Lopheucoila and Dettmeria of Zaeucoilini, they can be distinguished by the following combination: a high, emarginate, not remarkably broad pronotal plate (fig. 4), lack of keel on mesoscutum, posterior margin of scutellum rounded without projections (fig. 5), glandular pit of scutellar plate situated near hind margin (fig. 5). Other diagnostic features (none unique) include the striate (usually heavily striate) vertex (fig. 6), and the characteristic row of stout setae on subcosta (conspicuous as wing is usually otherwise hairless) (fig. 7). Description. Length 2.8��� 5 mm. Head and mesosoma black, red or reddish-brown, smooth and shiny, with more or less sparse setae; mesosoma shining black or red. Head with slightly protruding compound eyes. Temples nearly as long as eyes. Occipital carina absent, this area and posterior area of vertex and temples diagonally striate. Frons, vertex, occiput bare and shiny. Ocellar plate raised above surface of frons by nearly diameter of large ocellus. Antennal sockets distinctly protruding in lateral view. Eye diameter approximately half length of face (from ocelli to mandibular bases). Face and genae with very few short scattered setae; postgenae with dense, woolly pubescence. Mandibles not densely hairy, with only about ten long setae visible on outside surface, with 2���3 teeth. Palpal formula 4 - 2. Apical segment of maxillary palpi weakly securiform. Antennae in female 13 -segmented, no longer than head plus mesosoma. First flagellar articles (F 1 -F 3) narrow and decreasing in length distally; F 4 -F 11 moniliform with apical article longer and slightly wider than preceding ones; F 4 and F 5 (plus F 6 and F 7 in some species) with few scattered rhinaria (multiporous plate sensillae), F 6 -F 11 (or F 8 -F 11) with rhinaria throughout visible surface. Entire antennae with whorls of stout setae, each seta nearly length of club article diameter. Male antennae 15 -segmented, length about 25 % longer than body length. Antennae slender; F 1 slightly curved, F 2 longer than F 1, both shorter than remaining subequal articles. Each rhinarium extending 25���30 % length of segment. Mesosoma smooth and glossy, high; length only about 15 % longer than height. Pronotal plate with lateral cavities open, dorsal margin raised above level of mesoscutum and broadly emarginate, nearly bilobed. Ridges extending from sides of posterior part of pronotal plate very short and not visible across anterior dorsal corner of lateral part of pronotum. Pronotum with area of woolly pubescence inside upper half of its ventral border and beneath pronotal plate, few longer setae scattered across lateral parts. Mesoscutum weakly arched, highest area of curve rising not more than 1 / 8 length of mesoscutum. Depressions inside posterior lateral margins dorsally broad grooves just above area of tegulae. Mesoscutum generally smooth and shiny with few scattered hairs. Scutal sulcus weakly arched between protruding corners of axillae. Lateral bars of scutellum long, striate laterally and smooth dorsally. Scutellum distinctly margined laterally with perpendicular ridges; posterior part extending back beyond metanotum; ridged margin angled obliquely backwards; row of long stout setae just inside posterior margin of scutellum, Dorsal surface of scutellum with a row a stout setae inside lateral margin, sculpture reticulate with depressions largest near margin, decreasing in size towards center, turning into punctures on the lateral parts of the scutellar plate. Scutellar plate varying in shape from narrow teardrop-shaped oval to nearly round, arched in lateral view, surface smooth and concave; glandular pit in posterior part of varying shape, lateral rows of setae very short, visible only in median part, with 2���3 pairs of setae. Scutellar foveae generally round, smooth and glossy. Mesopleuron high, glossy with few scattered hairs; subalar pit reduced to very shallow depression. Mesopleural carina complete but thin; precoxal carina complete. Metanotum with distinct plate, emarginate ventrally, visible posterodorsally. Metapleuron high and rectangular, overall convex; hind margin strongly raised, forming a distinct subposterior depression anterior to margin. Lobe over spiracle protruding posterodorsally into pale calyptra; area above strongly depressed. Anteroventral cavity elongate. Faint metapleural median groove extending backward from midpoint of mesopleural sulca, posteroventrally, widening to nearly circular depression. From posterior margin a few poorly developed metapleural ridges extend anteriorly. The dorsalmost ridge (ridge 1 of Nordlander 1980), emerging just ventral to calyptral lobe, is slightly more well-developed, as is the one emerging from the posteroventral corner (ridge 3 of Nordlander 1980), directed obliquely anterodorsally. Ventral to these, a straight ventral carina is well elevated. Posteroventral corner rounded, with no obliquely posterolaterally facing surface, with the line of hairs along posterior margin commencing at the ventral beginning of the curve of the posteroventral angle. Propodeum protruding only in area of nucha in both lateral and dorsal view. Propodeal carinae high and stout, in posterodorsal view well separated and angled at midpoint. Propodeum densely hairy except on carinae, on nucha, on surface between carinae, and on posterolaterally facing surfaces immediately below spiracles. Wings with hyaline surface and occasional dots, remnants of pubescence; males occasionally with setae in distal half of forewings. Forewing broad, apically rounded, with deep closed radial cell, 1 st radial abscissa distinctly shorter than 2 nd radial abscissa. Stout, erect setae or their remnant setigerous punctures visible on dorsal surface of subcosta. Submarginal and median veins visible as slight fold or lost completely. Hind wings with long cilia on posterior wing margin. Legs reddish straw-colored to brown; not remarkably long. A small patch of woolly setae usually visible on posterioproximal surface of hind coxa. Metasoma dominated by large tergite (fused tergites of 3 rd and 4 th metasomal segments), with complete hairy ring in anterior part and dense band of punctuation posteriorly, and a few posterior tergites more or less visible. Male metasoma shorter than mesosoma and about 3 / 4 as high as long, blunt, nearly squared posteriorly in lateral view. Female metasoma subequal in size to mesosoma; hypopygium projecting out very slightly. Etymology. Striatovertex means striated vertex (from latin Stria and Ve r t ex), a characteristic property of representatives of this genus, and is feminine. Biogeography: Widespread in the New World, also with one species in Australia, and one species deliberately introduced in Hawaii from North America (Kotinsky, 1906; Beardsley, 1989). Biology: Collected throughout the year and apparently multivoltine, Striatovertex wasps are well-known to be associated with herbivore dung, as koinobiont parasitoids of calyptrate Diptera larvae-puparia therein. There are many literature records of rearings of Eucoila from cow dung in North America, which is usually a name under which Striatovertex is not distinguished from true Eucoila and from some species of Trybliographa. In some studies the wasps have been identified as Eucoila impatiens (Bruce, 1964; Thomas & Wingo, 1968; Turner et al., 1968; Wylie, 1973) or Eucoila near rufocincta (Wharton, 1979), in which case they are Striatovertex unless actually misidentified; while all the records given as Eucoila sp can be Striatovertex, Eucoila or Trybliographa (Blickle, 1961; Blume, 1970; 1986; Figg et al., 1982; Harris & Summerlin, 1984; Sanders & Dobson, 1966; Skoda et al., 1987). As long as the voucher specimens from these studies are not traced and identified, we can expect, based on our own faunistic knowledge, that a majority of large eucoilines in dung in the Nearctic are indeed Striatovertex but far from all, so that some of these records may in fact not concern Striatovertex. In these studies, Striatovertex impatiens has been recorded as common parasitoids of Haematobia irritans (Linnaeus, 1758) (the horn fly) and Musca autumnalis DeGeer, 1776 (the face fly) of Muscidae, and as rare from Neomyia cornicina (Fabricius, 1781) of Muscidae and Ravinia querula (Walker, 1849) of Sarcophagidae. In addition to this, Striatovertex rufocincta has been held in laboratory culture as a parasitoid of blowflies on carrion (Lindquist, 1936). Other indirect sources and label data record Striatovertex emerging from carrion and birdnests. It is probable that Striatovertex attack all kinds of large calyptrate fly larvae in rotting habitats, but substrate preferences, and the clues attracting the wasps, as well as frequency and success rate on different hosts of course remain to investigate with properly identified wasps. Included species: Striatovertex azteca (Cameron, 1905) n. comb. (Heptamerocera azteca Cameron, 1905, Pseudeucoila azteca [comb. by Weld, 1952]) Nearctic species. Striatovertex cultra (Girault, 1920) n. comb. (Psilodora cultra Girault, 1920, Eucoila cultra [comb. by Weld 1952]) Nearctic species. Striatovertex erythropa (Ashmead, 1888) n. comb. (Cothonaspis erythropa Ashmead, 1888, Psilodora erythropa [comb. in Kieffer, 1901], Eucoila erythropa [comb. by Weld 1951]) Nearctic species. Striatovertex impatiens (Say, 1836) n. comb. (Diplolepis impatiens Say, 1836, Eucoila impatiens [comb. by Ashmead, 1885]) (syn. Kleidotoma cupulifera Provancher, 1881 [syn. by Ashmead, 1885]) Nearctic species (introduced on Hawaii). Striatovertex incisa (Cameron, 1884) n. comb. (Eucoela incisa Cameron, 1884) Neotropical species. Striatovertex insularis (Dalla Torre, 1892) n. comb. (Eucoela insularis Dalla Torre, 1892, replacement name for Eucoela rufiventris Cameron nec Giraud) Neotropical species. Striatovertex nudipennis (Kieffer, 1907) n. comb. (Psilodora nudipennis Kieffer, 1907, Eucoila nudipennis [comb. by Weld, 1952]) (syn. Psilodora paraensis Kieffer, 1909 [syn. by Nordlander, 1981], syn. Psilodora paraensis var. festiva Kieffer, 1909 [syn. by Nordlander, 1981]) Neotropical species. Striatovertex occipitalis (Kerrich & Quinlan, 1960) n. comb. (Eucoila occipitalis Kerrich & Quinlan, 1960) Australian species. Striatovertex rubripes (Ashmead, 1887) n. comb. (Eucoila rubripes Ashmead, 1887) Nearctic species. Striatovertex rufocincta (Kieffer, 1907) n. comb. (Eucoila rufocincta Kieffer, 1907, Pseudeucoila rufocincta [comb. by Weld, 1952]) (syn. Lytosema atricornis Kieffer, 1910 [syn. by Nordlander 1981]) Nearctic species. Striatovertex septemspinosa (Gillette, 1891) n. comb. (Eucoila septemspinosa Gillette, 1891, Psilodora septemspinosa [comb. by Kieffer 1901]) Nearctic species. Striatovertex unicolor (Kieffer, 1909) n. comb. (Eucoila unicolor Kieffer, 1909, Pseudeucoila unicolor [comb. by Weld 1952]) Neotropical species. Striatovertex vagabunda (Ashmead, 1885) n. comb. (Kleidotoma vagabunda Ashmead, 1885, Eucoila vagabunda [comb. by Weld 1951]) Nearctic species. Systematic position. Striatovertex are typical Ganaspini (of the "neotropical grade" group) in all the relevant characters (small hairpatches on coxae, high and emarginate pronotal plate, F 1 modified in males), and lack the important characteristics of Eucoilini and the " Trybliographa complex" to which the true Eucoila belong (hairless metapleural triangle, distinct subalar pits, F 2 modified in males). Representatives of Striatovertex have been included in two recently made phylogenetic analyses, first the analysis of the subfamily Eucoilinae based on morphological characters by Fontal-Cazalla et al (2002) and then the combined analysis including molecular data of the whole family Figitidae by Buffington et al (2007). In the former, Striatovertex came out close to Epicoela and Aganaspis in the grouping proposed there as the "neotropical grade". In the latter, it was sister to Aganaspis but Epicoela were situated elsewhere, and the whole apparent "neotropical grade" turned out to be part of "core Eucoilinae " and of a monophyletic group therein which was called the " Zamischus group", which coincides with the tribe Ganaspini (as reerected in Forshage & Nordlander, 2008) Morphologically, Striatovertex is clearly most similar to Aganaspis and Epicoela, and according to the analyses it is either the former or both of these it is most closely related to. Obviously, several other not closely-related genera of Eucoilinae and other Figitidae share important characters, in addition to the reduction of wing pubescence. Some of these attack hosts in dung and carrion too (the true Eucoila, plus several genera of Figitinae: Figites, Neralsia, Xyalophora, Xyalophoroides), while some others attack fruit-infesting tephritid or lonchaeid flies (Odontosema, Lopheucoila, Dettmeria) (Buffington, 2007 and references therein). Wing pubescence reduction has been commonly interpreted as an adaptation facilitating smooth movement in a sticky substrate, which would possibly make sense in dung as well as fruit. In some of these taxa, reduction of wing pubescence is more pronounced in females than males, which makes sense if related to oviposition habitat. Nevertheless, several other parasitic wasps including other Figitidae oviposit in these and other similarly sticky habitats with normally pubescent wings without apparent problems., Published as part of Schick, Katherine N, Forshage, Mattias & Nordlander, G��ran, 2011, The " false Eucoila " finally named; Striatovertex a new genus of Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Figitidae), pp. 59-65 in Zootaxa 2811 on pages 60-64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.206816, {"references":["Nordlander, G. (1980) Revision of the genus Leptopilina Forster, 1869 (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea: Eucoilidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, 11, 428 - 453.","Kotinsky, J. (1906) Minutes of September 6 th 1906. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1, 82 - 83.","Beardsley, J. W. (1989) Hawaiian Eucoilidae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea), key to genera and taxonomic notes on apparently non-endemic species. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 29, 165 - 194.","Bruce, W. H. (1964) The history and biology of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans (Linnaeus) with comments on control. North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin, 157, 1 - 33.","Thomas, G. D. & Wingo, C. W. (1968) Parasites of the face fly and two other species of dung-inhabiting flies in Missouri. Journal of economic entomology, 61, 147 - 152.","Turner, E. C., Burton, R. P. & Gerhardt, R. R. (1968) Natural parasitism of dung breeding Diptera: a comparison between native hosts and an introduced host, the face fly. Journal of economic entomology, 61, 1012 - 1015.","Wylie, H. G. (1973) Parasites of face fly, Musca autumnalis (Diptera: Muscidae) and associated Diptera near Belleville, Ontario. Canadian entomologist, 105, 257 - 261.","Wharton, R. A. (1979) Some predators and parasitoids of dung-breeding Diptera from Central California. Pan Pacific Entomologist, 55, 181 - 186.","Blickle, R. L. (1961) Parasites of the face fly, Musca autumnalis, in New Hampshire. Journal of Economic Entomology, 54, 802.","Blume, R. R. (1970) Insects associated with bovine droppings in Kerr and Bexar counties, Texas. Journal of Economic Entomology, 63, 1023 - 1024.","Blume, R. R. (1986) Parasites of Diptera associated with bovine droppings on a pasture in east central Texas. Southwestern Entomologist, 11, 215 - 222.","Figg, D. E., Hall, R. D. & Thomas, G. D. (1982) Bucoprophilous pasture flies and associated insect parasites in Central Missouri. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 55, 476.","Harris, R. L. & Summerlin, J. W. (1984) Parasites of horn fly pupae in east central Texas. Southwestern entomologist, 9, 169 - 173.","Sanders, D. P. & Dobson, R. C. (1966) The insect complex associated with bovine manure in Indiana. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 59, 955 - 959.","Skoda, S. R., Campbell, J. B. & Thomas, G. D. (1987) Parasites of face flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in south central nebraska. Environmental entomology, 16, 902 - 904.","Lindquist, A. W. (1936) Parasites of the horn fly and other flies breeding in dung. Journal of Economic Entomology, 29, 1154 - 1158.","Nordlander, G. (1981) A review of the genus Trybliographa Forster, 1869 (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea: Eucoilidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, 12, 381 - 402.","Fontal-Cazalla, F. M., Buffington, M., Nordlander, G., Liljeblad, J., Ros-Farre, P., Nieves Aldrey, J. L., Pujade-Villar, J. & Ronquist, F. (2002) Phylogeny of the Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae). Cladistics, 18, 154 - 199.","Forshage, M. & Nordlander, G. (2008) Identification key to European genera of Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Figitidae) Insect Systematics and Evolution, 39, 341 - 359."]}

Paramblynotus kosugii Watanabe and Sakagami, 1951 Paramblynotus kosugii Watanabe and Sakagami, 1951: 129, Oi; Japan: Honshu; EIHU (HTOi, paratypes 4OiOi). MALE: Length 6.0 mm. Head, mesosoma, and antenna black. Legs brown except coxae black. Metasoma brown. Wings transparent. 1mt/2–5mt 5 0.84. FEMALE: Unknown. Paramblynotus kosugii is most similar to P. fraxinii, but it differs from the latter in (1) mesoscutellum with an inflection prior to the posterior projection, and truncate posteriorly in dorsal view; (2) lateral propodeal carina not raised anterodorsally into a lobular process; and (3) size distinctly larger. MATERIAL EXAMINED: 5OiOi (holotype and 4 paratypes), Japan: Sapporo, 1949- VII-23, K. Kosugi coll. (EIHU). DISTRIBUTION: Japan: Sapporo., Published as part of Liu, Zhiwei, Ronquist, Fredrik & Nordlander, Göran, 2007, The Cynipoid Genus Paramblynotus: Revision, Phylogeny, And Historical Biogeography (Hymenoptera: Liopteridae), pp. 1-151 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2007 (304) on page 120, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090(2007)304[1:tcgprp]2.0.co;2, {"references":["Watanabe, C., and S. Sakagami. 1951. Discovery of a new species of the genus Paramblynotus Cameron from Japan. Insecta Matsum 17: 129 - 131."]}

Paramblynotus coracinus, new species FEMALE: Length 3.5–4.5 mm. Body and antenna entirely black. Legs black except tibiae and tarsi of fore- and middle legs yellow brown. Wings transparent, with a ferruginous macula covering marginal cell and part of third cubital cell behind marginal cell. 1mt/2–5mt 5 0.54. Antenna 13-segmented, flagellum filiform, not widened apically. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye extended laterally, slightly not as wide as to outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate distinctly raised and foveate and not defined laterally by carina. Median frontal carina weakly present between antennal sockets and slightly beyond ventrally. Upper face rugosefoveate/punctate laterally; antennal scrobe distinctly depressed and coarsely punctate with distinct pubescence, longitudinally carinate posteriorly, and distinctly defined by carina laterally. Gena glabrate and superficially foveate and punctate with sparse pubescence; lower face and clypeus foveate and densely punctate with dense appressed pubescence; anterior tentorial pits small and distinct; clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a superficial, smoothly curved arch. Lateral occipital carina not reaching vertex. Occiput longitudinally carinate medially and glabrous laterally. Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous; submedian pronotal depressions separated from each other medially; anterior pronotal plate glabrous medially and finely densely punctate with appressed pubescence, especially laterally. Pronotum raised dorsomedially; pronotal crest gradually raised medially into a peak higher than mesoscutum. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, present in lower half of posterior margin of anterior pronotal plate. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate with transverse costate components, and distinctly pubescent. Dorsal pronotal area finely transversely striate, present along anterior third of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum flat dorsally and transversely costate with superficial foveae set in rows and evenly distributed appressed pubescence. Scutellar sulcus divided by a single median longitudinal carina. Axillar area with conspicuous pubescence. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate, broadly rounded posteriorly in dorsal view; lateral dorsal process indistinct. Mesopleural triangle conspicuously pubescent and well defined ventrally by smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent and glabrous. Upper mesopleuron glabrous; lower mesopleuron glabrous and densely pubescent in ventral impression. Metepisternum areolate-reticulate in upper part, with a large elevated, glabrous median area medially, and conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Lateral propodeal carinae percurrent, distinctly curved laterally and strongly raised dorsally to form in the middle a low triangular process; median propodeal area glabrate; median longitudinal carina weak and percurrent. Rs+M of forewing arising from middle of basal vein and nebulous in basal half. Marginal cell 2.5 times as long as wide and nearly as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R 1 absent. Petiole 0.50 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 slightly exposed; relative size of abdominal T3–7: 2.0:1.0:1.1:2.5:1.4; T3 glabrous; T4 glabrous with a narrow band of fine punctures across anterior the second fifth; T5 glabrous and finely punctate; T6 finely and densely punctate dorsolaterally, and with a narrow band of sparse pubescence in the middle; and T7 densely punctate entirely, with a band of dense pubescence dorsolaterally in the middle. Apical teeth of metatibia slender and pointed apically. Metatibia with two to three dorsal (posterior) dents. Apical protuberance of first metatarsomere reaching to distal two-thirds of second metatarsomere. MALE: Unknown. Paramblynotus coracinus is most similar to P. lutepennis and P. obscurus, but it can be easily distinguished from the latter two by the ferruginous mark on forewing. TYPE MATERIAL: HOLOTYPE: ♀, Malaysia: Negri S.: Posah Forest Reserve (Forest gap), 1979-II-28, P. and M. Becker coll. (AEI). PARATYPES: 3♀♀, locality and collectors as holotype, 1978-XII-3 – 1979-II-18 (AEI: 2; CFR: 1). DISTRIBUTION: Malaysia: Borneo. ETYMOLOGY: From New Latin, coracinus, meaning crowlike. The name refers to the entirely dark body color of the species., Published as part of Liu, Zhiwei, Ronquist, Fredrik & Nordlander, Göran, 2007, The Cynipoid Genus Paramblynotus: Revision, Phylogeny, And Historical Biogeography (Hymenoptera: Liopteridae), pp. 1-151 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2007 (304) on pages 127-128, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090(2007)304[1:tcgprp]2.0.co;2