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Objective: To compare non-I lodgkin lymphoma (NHL) incidence rates in adults who started antiretroviral therapy (ART) across the Asia-Pacific, South Africa, Europe, Latin, and North America. Methods: We included cohort data of adults living with HIV who started ART after 1995 within the framework of the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (leDEA) and (he Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research in Europe (COHERE). We used flexible parametric survival models to compare regional NHL rates at 2 years after ART start and to identify risk factors for NHL. Results: We included 210898 adults with 1.1 million person-years (pys) of follow-up and 1552 incident NHL cases (raw overall incidence rate 142/100000 pys). After adjusting for age at ART start, first-line ART regimen, calendar period of ART start, and especially current CD4(+) cell count, NHL rates were similar across regions for most population groups. However, South African women remained at increased risk of developing NHL compared with their European counterparts [adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.79, 95% CI 1.19-2.701. In Europe, Latin, and North America, NHL risk was highest in MSM (aHR 1.30, 95% CI 1.14-1.48), followed by heterosexual men (referent), and women (aHR 0.66, 95% CI 0.57-0.78). Conclusion: The risk of developing NHL is higher in women in South Africa than in Europe and higher in MSM compared with heterosexual men and women. Reasons for these differences remain unclear. Early ART access and regular patient monitoring to avert low CD4(+) cell counts remain key for NHL prevention. copyright (C) 2018 WolLers Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

Polymeric precursors to Si/C/N-ceramics can be obtained by thermal crosslinking of polysilazanes. The precursor is then pyrolysed at a temperature of 1000 °C into the amorphous ceramic. Between 1000 and 2000 °C this amorphous state is transformed into the thermodynamically stable phases. The processes during pyrolysis and crystallization are connected with microstructural conversion. Simultaneously, changes of chemical and physical properties take place. The successive conversion of the atomic coordination during the transformation from the polymer into the amorphous ceramic and finally into the crystalline ceramic was studied using solid-state NMR. 29 Si-, 13 C- and 1 H-spectra were recorded. The result is a detailed report of the reactions and changes in structure occuring during ceramization of a polyhydridomethylsilazane and crystallization of its ceramic residue. Furthermore, the amorphous state of this material was compared with a polyvinylsilazane-derived amorphous ceramic.

Solid-state 13C cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CPMAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra have been obtained for annealed films of poly (p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV), prepared through the precursor route and for a deuterated PPV-d4, poly (p-2,3,5,6 tetradeuterophenylene vinylene). 13C CPMAS spectra of PPV are of high resolution, typically characteristic of a nearly fully crystalline structure. All four phenylene and vinylene resonances have been assigned, and for stretched films the 13C CPMAS linewidth and the quality of crystallinity are independent of the draw ratio. 13C CPMAS resolution and crystallite size (as determined by transmission electron microscopy, TEM) depend upon final annealing temperature. The greatest NMR resolution and largest crystallite size are obtained for films annealed at 300°C. The 13C CPMAS NMR spectra show the presence of phenylene ring 180° rotational jumps, and 13C CPMAS resolution is affected by rotational disorder about phenylene-vinylene bonds. NMR data show that PPV films possess molecular motion at elevated temperatures. Enhancement of this motion during annealing may provide a means for improving the quality of PPV crystallinity.

Die Notwendigkeit der Auseinandersetzung mit der Problematik von Reportingwerkzeugen nimmt zu. Dies ist u.a. in den allgemeinen Rahmenbedingungen fur unternehmerische Entscheidungen und der sich verandernden Situation auf dem Gebiet der betriebswirtschaftlichen Anwendungssysteme begrundet: In Zeiten sich verscharfenden Wettbewerbs und sich rasch andernder Marktbedingungen werden hochaktuelle, mit allen entscheidungsrelevanten Informationen ausgestattete Reportinginstrumente mehr und mehr ein entscheidender strategischer Wettbewerbsvorteil, wenn nicht gar Voraussetzung zum Uberleben fur ein Unternehmen.