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Countries adopt different policies and strategies to boost regional growth and competitiveness. R&D is one of the most important drivers of national competitiveness because of its ability to generate knowledge and convert that knowledge into useful information to improve people’s lives and maintain economic prosperity. Innovation emerges within innovation systems. Such systems encourage collaboration among institutional and economic agents. One of the main groups of agents that foster such collaboration consists of innovation intermediaries. Technology centers (TCs) are a prime example of such intermediaries, which exert a positive impact on the business sector. Given the numerous factors influencing TC efficiency, this paper studies the key variables associated with this efficiency, providing a ranking of these variables based on the views of innovation system experts. To evaluate these variables, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used. Of the six areas identified as essential for TC activity, the impact of TCs and the types of actions they undertake are the most important aspects for improving TC and business efficiency, as well as regional competitiveness. This study highlights the role of TCs in helping companies respond to challenges with innovative solutions that foster a strong, competitive, and innovative regional business sector.

National and international organizations have introduced policies aimed at sustainable development. These policies are designed to encourage sustainable forms of business to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda. Regional inequalities in sustainable development may be exacerbated by disparate levels of innovation. This paper analyzes the variations between clusters of countries according to the degree to which they have achieved the SDGs and their levels of innovation facilitators. Two types of analyses were employed. First, cluster analysis was used to examine changes in groups of regions with similar innovation characteristics between 2015 and 2020. Data for 122 countries were gathered from the World Bank, the SDG Index, and the Global Innovation Index. Second, multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the power of the variables in the model to explain the level of sustainable development. The results reveal four clusters (low, medium, high, and very high innovative facilitators and sustainable development), as well as movements between those clusters from 2015 to 2020. The multiple linear regression analysis shows that the variables have explanatory power with respect to the dependent variable of sustainable development. This analysis also reveals different degrees of importance of the variables for each cluster. The findings highlight the need to consider the limitations of economic growth in terms of innovation facilitators to promote sustainable development. If policymakers recognize the limitations of economic growth and the physical ecosystem, degradation of the environment can be avoided, even when there is innovation. Global and individual social welfare can thus be ensured. This study offers valuable insights into how to achieve sustainable development through innovation facilitators by providing in-depth knowledge of the individual characteristics of innovation systems and considering the limitations of economic growth.

[EN] This article uses the data indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus databases up to and including the year 2020 to map leading regions and trending topics in academic innovation policy research. The country analysis highlights four leading regions in this research field: Western Europe (led by the UK, the Netherlands, Germany, and Spain), North America (led by the USA), Scandinavia (led by Sweden and Denmark), and Asia-Pacific (led by China and Australia). The most common keywords are used to develop a conceptual framework. Applying the Tree of Science approach, we classify the most influential studies into three categories: foundational studies (the roots), structural studies (the trunk), and recent studies (the leaves). This approach shows that trending topics are built around five main pillars: innovation systems, policy tools, knowledge management, sustainability, and entrepreneurship. Finally, based on analysis of the most common keywords and the most influential studies, we propose a Sextuple Helix model. This model consists of the Quintuple Helix (government, university, industry, knowledge society, and sustainability) with the added dimension of entrepreneurship. This model offers an analytical framework with massive potential for academic research on innovation policy in the current economic context., This work was supported by Generalitat Valenciana: [Grant Number GV063/19]; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades and FEDER: [Grant Number RTI2018-093791-B-C22].

[EN] This paper assesses the origins, evolution and prospects of national innovation systems (NISs) using bibliometric techniques. All available data in the Web of Science Core Collection database up to and including the year 2017 are considered in the analysis. Both the number of NIS studies and the number of citations of these studies reflect the influence of this topic and the attention and growing interest of the scientific community, public administrations and international organisations in NIS research. The co-citation analysis of cited references provides a historical view of the origins of the NIS, and the bibliographic coupling between the documents gives a current overview of the status of NIS research. Our approach highlights the fact that many studies belong to previous, well-developed research streams. We also examine the topics covered by recent studies in each stream and the evolution of the most common keywords over time. In conclusion, we propose a research agenda based on three pillars: (1) the adaptation of innovation systems to the current global economic crisis and the application of the Quintuple Helix model to deal with this new scenario, (2) the adaptation of innovation systems to developing countries and (3) the specific fit of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial innovations into NIS research.

[EN] National systems of innovation (NSI) have attracted substantial interest from public administrations, the scientific community and international organizations. Innovation is a key factor for countries to be competitive in the today's global economy. Entrepreneurship is an innovation source that has gained importance in NSI research over the last few decades. This focus on entrepreneurship in the context of NSI has led scholars to propose novel concepts such as entrepreneurial ecosystems and the national system of entrepreneurship (NSE). This paper uses bibliometric methods and the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS CC) database to explore how entrepreneurship fits into NSI research and to study the increasing importance of entrepreneurship within this research field. The NSI conceptual framework is developed according to the most common keywords, and the most influential NSI studies are identified using the total number of citations and the ratio number of citations per year. Two sets of studies are analyzed: (1) older documents on traditional topics such as the origins and evolution of NSIs, the capacity of countries to innovate, and the relationships of institutions, different organizational forms, networking, production and competence building with innovation and (2) newer entrepreneurship research documents. Based on analysis of the most common keywords, the most influential studies and multiple entrepreneurship approaches, we propose a Sextuple Helix model as an analytical framework that brings together innovation and entrepreneurship., Alicia Mas Tur wishes to thank Project [GV/2021/121], funded by the Generalitat Valenciana. Norat Roig-Tierno wishes to thank Project [GV/2019/063], funded by the Generalitat Valenciana, and Grant RTI2018-093791-B-C22 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF A way of making Europe.

Drawing on the literature, this paper examines a set of criteria for successful adaptive governance of the commons from an entrepreneurial perspective. These criteria or success factors are definit...

[EN] Sustainable development is key for the fundamental challenges of humanity. The use of non-aggregative approaches can be attractive when trying to understand the relationships of humanity with both nature and society. Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) is a method that merges the advantages of qualitative and quantitative methodologies and identifies patterns of conditions that are necessary or sufficient for explaining an outcome. Partially ordered set (poset) theory is a branch of mathematics through which tools that allow dealing with multidimensional systems of ordinal data are obtained. Assessing well-being and development requires sharing a conceptual framework on its determinants, as well as on society, and needs from the identification of the most consistent and effective methodologies to build indicators that are easily understood by society. Sustainable development is an increasingly interesting issue whose academic development can be improved thank to the use of these methodologies, in its combination of environmental and socio-economic concerns.

The objective of this research is to investigate the combinations of internal and external factors that lead cluster companies to innovate. The study follows a complex causality approach using Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) with a sample of 166 companies that belong to the Spanish ceramic tile cluster, differentiating between end product firms and specialized industrial firms. The results show how the two groups benefit from different factors when it comes to technological innovations. End product-focused firms benefit from vertical relationships with suppliers and the interaction with supporting organizations like universities, among others. Specialized industrial firms benefit, above all, from a high R&D investment.

[EN] Technological Forecasting and Social Change (TF&SC) is a leading international journal that publishes major advances related to technological forecasting and future studies. The journal was launched in 1969 and in 2019 celebrated its 50th anniversary. To celebrate 50 years of outstanding contributions, this study presents a bibliometric analysis of TF&SC publications and patterns of citations within TF&SC in terms of authors, institutions and countries. The analysis relies on the Web of Science Core Collection database for bibliographic content and Visualization of Similarities viewer software for mapping of bibliometric data. Our analysis identifies leading authors, universities and countries that produce publications in TF&SC. This study also applies bibliometric analysis of co-citations and bibliographic coupling. Results suggest that authors and publications originating in the USA and the Netherlands are particularly influential. However, the journal is becoming more geographically diverse. Mapping of co-citations and bibliographic coupling suggests that work published in TF&SC is represented by several heterogeneous clusters.

The Journal of Technology Transfer (JOTT) published its first issue in 1977. Since this first issue, the JOTT has made major contributions to its field. This chapter uses dynamic bibliometric techniques and the Scopus database to analyze all JOTT issues published between 1977 and 2018. Citations are considered up to and including September 30, 2019. The primary objective is to determine the leading research trends in technology transfer by analyzing the most influential studies published in the JOTT and studying their evolution. The evolution of these research trends suggests that entrepreneurial universities, university-industry collaboration, and knowledge management have become the leading trends in technology transfer in the last few years, alongside entrepreneurial ecosystems, which rose to prominence in 2019. Finally, to complement the previous analyses, examining the most influential JOTT articles is carried out from a policy perspective, as public policies are one of the main factors affecting the environment for technology transfer. A qualitative text analysis of these 16 articles shows that the words policy and policies are found in 15. A more profound review reveals that the policies mentioned and dealt with in these articles can be grouped into three different types: technology transfer, entrepreneurship, and regional innovation policies.

[EN] European Political Science (EPS) has been a leading political science journal since its launch in 2001. This article examines the contribution of European Political Science over its 20-year history. The bibliometric analysis draws on Web of Science data and VOSviewer software. These tools help detect collaboration networks, bibliographic coupling and co-citations to identify the most relevant topics and knowledge appearing in European Political Science. The evaluation of EPS reveals four areas of interest: migration, education, comparative politics and democracy. Recent interests include the current debate on populisms, social media and political parties, with antecedents and implications that transcend national boundaries., This research benefitted from: (i) grants RTI2018-093791-B-C21 and RTI2018-093791-B-C22 funded by Ministry of Science and Innovation and ERDF. (ii) GV063/19 by Generalitat Valenciana.

[EN] There is a growing consensus on the need to propose specific policies to tackle the ongoing population decline in extensive rural areas of Southern Europe. Developing policies to target this issue requires assessment of the spatial, economic and structural conditions that explain why a municipality experiences depopulation. This study explores the drivers of population growth in the municipalities of the Mediterranean region officially known as the Comunitat Valenciana in Spain. This region is relatively urbanized, so the study allows to explore the spatial interdependence between municipalities that belong to urban and rural areas, some of them subject to significant depopulation. The study's findings, based on a spatial approach, help explain the population growth of municipalities based on their interdependence with neighbouring communities. A population growth model is defined drawing on several dimensions related to population dynamics: accessibility, economic conditions, public facilities and services, natural amenities, and degree of urbanization. The findings show that population dynamics in a given municipality are influenced by its surrounding municipalities, suggesting that policies focusing on clusters of local administrative units can be central to prevent the depopulation of certain areas., Luisa AlamaSabater acknowledge the financial support of the Spanish Ministerio de Economha y Competitividad (ECO201785746P) , Generalitat Valenciana (HIECPU/2020/1) and Universitat Jaume I (UJIB202057) . Authors also acknowledge support by the interuniversity project of dissemination to stakeholders called Catedra AVANT (antidepopulation agenda) , funded by Generalitat Valenciana

[EN] Today¿s key challenge for firm growth relies in the integration of digital technologies and their use in new business models. Thus, firms increasingly engage in a digital transformation and in digitalizing their business model. Firms can apply digital technologies for improved or novel internal and external processes and integrate them in new business models. The digital transformation itself demands diverse knowledge from diverse origins in the firm. We examine the key concepts related to business model digitalization. We develop a conceptual matrix for portfolio considerations of firm business model digitalization. We introduce the seven contributions in this special issue on knowledge and innovation related to business and offer some recommendations for future research on the new working conditions and digital identities of firms.

International expansion requires specific management methods to adapt to differences between cultures, thus requiring global strategies that ensure efficient diversity management. The incre...

This special issue follows the 2018 Global Innovation and Knowledge Academy (GIKA) Conference, which took place at the Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Martir” in Spain from June 25th to 27th, 2018. As the eighth of its kind, the 2018 GIKA conference continued to attract the attention of scholars from around the world. The subject of this special issue—Digital Innovation and Venturing—had its own track at the GIKA conference, which served as a first-round review of some of the submissions to the journal. The special issue was also open for external submissions. As a result, this special issue includes seven contributions on the digitalization of entrepreneurship, encompassing important topics like digital business models, crowdfunding, and the sharing economy.

[ES] El objetivo de este estudio es establecer y presentar la evolución académica que ha habido en el ámbito de estudio de la educación superior. Para ello, esta investigación analiza las revistas más influyentes en este ámbito, así como los autores y las instituciones más productivos. Entre los resultados obtenidos, destaca que, de los 10 artículos más citados en el ámbito de la educación superior, 9 hacen referencia al uso de las redes sociales. Además, tanto Reino Unido como España se encuentran en el top 3 del ranking de países más productivos e influyentes en este ámbito de estudio. Son países que tienen un gran número de publicaciones y, además, un número relativamente elevado de citas.

In the last two decades, the geography of productive activity has become a crucial aspect in various fields of economic research. This resurgence of territory as a fundamental economic factor is a ...

© 2018, Springer Nature B.V. The Quality & Quantity was established in 1967 and in 2017 it completed its half century. The journal is interdisciplinary in nature and it mainly discusses methodological application of mathematics and statistics in the social sciences, particularly sociology, economics, and social psychology. It was created with the idea of advancing methodology of the various social studies. This study looks back journey of the journal from 1967 to 2017 aims to develop a bibliometric analysis of all the publications of the journal. Web of Science Core Collection database is used to collect data. The present study discovered the significant contributions of the journal in terms of impact, topics, authors, universities and countries. Utrecht University of Netherlands is the most productive university. Asian Universities are emerging and growing quickly in the recent years. Although USA leads among the countries but Europe leads among the six supranational regions. Finally, the visualization of similarities viewer software is used to present network visualization of the bibliographic coupling, co-citation, citation, co-authorship and co-occurrence of keywords.

[EN] This paper provides a simple, systemic, holistic assessment of regional conditions that lead to capability deprivation. Capability deprivation is measured at the regional level using the indicators of monetary poverty and life expectancy in Colombia. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) is used to identify necessary or sufficient conditions for high and low deprivation in Colombian departments (regions). The multidimensional paths consist of combinations of economic conditions (GDP per capita and trade openness), social conditions (education) and institutional conditions (transparency and internal displacement). The observed interactions between conditions indicate that no single condition leads to regional poverty. Peace and transparent institutions are important conditions in most of the paths that lead to high or low capability or functioning indicators., This work was supported by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [AGL2015-65897-C3-3-R].

Purpose There is a growing research interest in the relationships between networks and the firm’s assets and between networks and innovation. Studies have shown the complexity and idiosyncrasies of these relationships for firms in clusters. The way firms in clusters build certain organizational resources and capabilities, however, remains underexplored. Based on the assumption that most of these organizational assets rely on human resources, the purpose of this paper is to shed light on the mechanisms through which a set of managerial practices (the human resource management (HRM) system) enhances innovation. Design/methodology/approach Micro-level data were collected for 139 firms located in three Spanish industrial clusters. Next, the main constructs were developed. A multiple mediator model was then used to examine how HRM systems influence innovation through strategic vision, embeddedness in local networks, the implementation of enterprise systems, and cluster characteristics. Findings The effect of HRM systems on innovation performance was indirect rather than direct. All four mediating variables included in the model were found to be relevant mechanisms through which HRM systems affect innovation performance. The statistical significance of these variables, however, varied depending on the type of innovation (product, process, organizational, or marketing). Practical implications Greater attention should be paid to the structure and sophistication of HRM systems. Top-level managers should be aware of the linkages between HRM systems and mediators. Greater human resource orientation in strategic planning, enterprise system design, and networking practices reinforces the association between HRM systems and innovation. Originality/value This study advances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between HRM systems and innovation. From an academic perspective, this study enriches the cluster literature by better integrating human resources with innovation processes. Furthermore, this study creates research opportunities by disentangling the role of different managerial practices and refining the operationalization of the mediating variables. The findings can also help managers develop human resources and innovation strategies.

[EN] This study identifies the combination of factors that lead to quality management reinforcing innovation capability as an organization's strength. The results from 133 Spanish service organizations show that competitive strategy, manager's motivation to adopt quality management, and customer orientation are the key factors that explain the presence of innovation capability as a firm's strength. As some pioneering research points out, the impact of quality management on innovation depends mainly on managers' interpretation of this management philosophy. When quality management focuses on discovering new customer needs and even new markets, it contributes to strengthen the organization's innovation capability.

This special issue is an outcome of the 2017 Global Innovation and Knowledge Academy (GIKA) Conference, which took place at ISEG School of Economics and Management, Lisbon, Portugal, between June 28th and 30th, 2017. As the seventh of its kind, the 2017 GIKA Conference continued to attract the attention of scholars from around the world, receiving more than 600 submissions, only 300 of which were accepted for presentation at the conference. The topic of this special issue—the relation between coopetition and innovation/entrepreneurship—had an own track at the GIKA Conference, which served as a first round review for some of the submissions to the journal. The special issue was also open for external submissions.

[EN] Many rural regions are characterised by low technology-intensive activities. Their predominant focus is often on primary, agri-food, and natural resources and services sectors, and there is a competitive gap with respect to urban regions. The objective of this article is to determine the contribution of the innovation system to regional development, distinguishing between rural and urban regions. Qualitative comparative analysis was used to study 256 EU NUTS 2 regions. The analysis helped identify 'recipes' of drivers of regional competitiveness in rural and urban regions. These innovation recipes consist of varying combinations of private and public R&D expenditure, the presence or absence of top-ranked universities and the percentage of SMEs that collaborate in innovation activities. In rural regions, excellence in higher education combined with strong public and private R&D offers an important recipe for regional competitiveness. Alternative pathways include the presence of business collaboration as a driver of competitiveness, This research benefitted from: (1) Grants RTI2018-093791-B-C21 and RTI2018-093791-B-C22 funded by Ministerio de Ciencia. Innovacion y Universidades and FEDER. (2) GV063/19 by Generalitat Valenciana.

[EN] The regional innovation system (RIS) is a popular way of explaining a region¿s development and competitiveness based on innovation activities and processes. In this paper, bibliometric techniques are used to analyze all RIS studies indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS CC) database as of December 2017. The goal of the analysis is to identify the main trends in RIS research. The evolution of the total number of publications and citations per year indicates that this research field has garnered considerable attention from the scientific community, public administrations, and international organizations. Analysis of the most common keywords and their co-occurrence sheds light on the conceptual framework of RIS research, where knowledge, innovation, clusters, policy, networks, systems, R&D, firms, and industry are key concepts. The 17 most influential RIS articles indexed in WoS CC are identified according to the total number of citations and the ratio of number of citations per year. Reviewing these 17 articles reveals 3 groups of underlying research trends: (1) research on innovation systems, which was mainly conducted in the 1990s, (2) research on knowledge management since the beginning of the 2000s, and (3) research on entrepreneurial ecosystems in recent years. Finally, analysis of citations to these 17 most influential RIS articles reveals strong interconnections according to the number of times they are cited together., Norat Roig-Tierno wish to thank Project GV/2019/063, funded by the Generalitat Valenciana, for supporting this research.

This work uses fuzzy set theory and qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to determine the causal configurations leading to interbank contagion in a resolution event. This study pioneers the introduction of fsQCA methodology in banking crisis analyses. The event providing the necessary data for this study is the resolution of the Spanish bank Banco Popular. We develop sufficient and necessary condition analyses to find the key metrics that lead to interbank contagion. The results demonstrate that weak solvency metrics, low asset quality and belonging to the same country where the resolution has been triggered tend to lead to higher contagion.

This chapter belongs to the vein of research that analyses family firms from a configurational approach. This survey explores which combination of competitive strategy, environmental turbulence, family complexity, and family firm management and governance arrangements are present when firm performance is present. This research follows Le Breton-Miller and Miller's call to gain a better understanding of the interaction between competitive strategy, environmental conditions, and family firm features. Literature reports controversial results with regard to family-business strategic preferences and firm performance, and recent research shows that this relationship needs considering both industry and family context. This chapter analyses a sample of 129 Spanish SME-Family-Business that belong to the tourism industry. Using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, the authors find seven configurations to firm performance presence and one recipe for performance absence.

In the last decades, sustainable development has become an important topic of discussion for scholars and practitioners concerned with environmental issues. Since the publication of the Brundtland Report, which represents a milestone in triggering awareness for sustainability issues, sustainable development has steadily gained popularity to become one of the most important environmental discourses today. Together with innovation, the United Nations identified entrepreneurship as a key element for addressing sustainable development challenges. Due to its growing recognition as a driver of sustainable development, entrepreneurship is subject to research across many scientific disciplines. To systemize the current state of knowledge, the purpose of this paper is to systematically review recent literature and to outline how sustainable development influences entrepreneurial activities and vice versa. In addition, it investigates whether and under what circumstances entrepreneurship can contribute to the economic, environmental and social dimension of sustainable development. The systematic literature review shows that several research areas, such as opportunities, motivations, competencies, strategies and business models of sustainability-oriented entrepreneurs, have already received wide coverage by academic literature. However, our knowledge about how entrepreneurial activities contribute to the achievement of the United Nations sustainable development goals is still limited and should be addressed by further research.

International opportunity recognition has become an important field of research in recent years. This study deals with the effects of entrepreneurial alertness, systematic search, prior knowledge, and social networks on first-time international opportunity recognition of entrepreneurs inside born global firms. In order to answer this research question, a quantitative survey within born global firms was conducted. The empirical results demonstrate that entrepreneurs of born global firms tend to recognize the first international opportunity through a combination of entrepreneurial alertness and systematic search. Furthermore, network relationships are essential for entrepreneurs within these firms because they can aid in identifying the initial international opportunity. The findings also illustrate that the entrepreneur's prior international knowledge as well as prior international experience positively contribute to the initial international opportunity recognition.

This paper introduces current research that focuses on the role of qualitative research in social media including the new ways of marketing promotion, participation, and interaction enabled by social media. The articles included in this special issue of Psychology & Marketing were selected from papers submitted to the 6th Global Innovation and Knowledge Academy (GIKA) conference held in March 2016 in Valencia, Spain. This paper provides a brief synthesis of the contributions of these articles to understanding social media's impact on the ability of organizations to better engage with and market to customers.

Studies indicate that the academic management and social science studies are of low relevancy and impact and even limited in usefulness. Some other studies point out that qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) are more advanced approaches for data analysis and theory construction. To promote the concepts and approaches of QCA and fsQCA, this special issue of Journal of Business Research collects articles regarding “Qualitative Comparative Analysis, Crisp and Fuzzy Sets in Knowledge and Innovation.” The authors of these studies presented them at the 2016 Global Innovation and Knowledge Academy Conference, in Valencia, Spain, from March 20 to March 23. After double blind reviews, only 59 articles appear in this special issue.

This research seeks to determine which sources of knowledge have the greatest effect on financial entities' knowledge acquisition and management. A review of the literature on knowledge management examines four key knowledge sources: Human resources, organizational management, technology adoption, and the business environment. The study performs pairwise comparisons of variables through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), using a scale that captures the importance of each criterion, thereby simplifying the decision process. Results show that human resources and new technology adoption are the most effective sources of knowledge acquisition and management. Specifically, one of the most effective elements is the organizational members' reasoned knowledge (i.e., the ease with which organizational members draw conclusions from their tasks).