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Highlight Research Mangrove rehabilitation area has a better potential for carbon sequestration The more trees that grew and developed with a large DBH size the more affected the biomass, carbon content and carbon sequestration of mangroves. Among the four species studied, mucronatais characterized by highest carbon density storage Temperature and salinity affect the value of mangrove biomass, carbon content, and carbon sequestration Abstract Among its many advantages, mangroves have a function as carbon sequestration and storage. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in the ability of various rehabilitated mangrove species of carbon Sequestration of Above-Ground Biomass. This study was conducted from June 2020 to December 2021 in Kedung, Mlonggo, and Keling Subdistricts, Jepara Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The mangrove plantation was a result of a rehabilitation programme sponsored by a society and the local government since 2009. Carbon sequestration measurement in tree biomass was estimated by a non-destructive method i.e., by measuring the Diameter at Breast Height (DBH). Statistical analysis to determine the relationship between carbon storage in several species of mangroves and the environmental factors were performed using XL stat 2022. There were 4 (four) mangrove species found i.e., Avicennia marina (Forssk) Vierh, Rhizophora apiculata (Blume), Rhizophora mucronata (Lamk), and Sonneratia alba Sm. The highest CO2 absorption (397.21 tons ha-1) was obtained both in Kedung and Mlonggo stations with R. mucronata, whereas in Keling station with R. apiculata the absorption was 54.27 tons ha-1. The results of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that the number of trees and DBH had a relationship with biomass, carbon content, and carbon absorption. Diameter at Breast Height in mangrove species can be used as indicators to assess carbon sequestration in Above Ground Biomass.

Although the Grammar Translation Method (GTM) had been shunned in second language teaching, the stigma of using the first language (L1) in teaching the second language (L2) has been continuously debated by scholars and teachers. Commonly, L2 teachers support the monolingual approach as they are exposed to this approach in their teaching training courses. However, previous studies revealed that teachers’ stance towards L2 teachers is contrary to how they utilise L1 practice in the teaching process. This research study aims to explore the use of L1 (Bahasa Melayu) by L2 (English) teachers during the teaching process and to examine whether their beliefs matched their L1 practice. A total of eight English teachers from several schools in Pahang, Malaysia were interviewed and their lessons were recorded. The data from the interviews and lessons were thematically analysed using NVivo 12 software. The results demonstrated that the teachers had utilised Bahasa Melayu (BM) for certain functions and that their beliefs towards L1 actually corresponded to their language use in the L2 classrooms. This study suggests that it is imperative to look further into this matter and assist teachers in systematically using L1 in the L2 classrooms.

Stroke rehabilitation is a long and complicated process that the majority of rehabilitation to be completed once the patient returns home (community-based stroke rehabilitation). A caregiver supports a stroke survivor in performing daily activities. Because of that responsibilities,caregiver feels physically and psychologically drained. The aim of this study was to find out the effects of psychoeducation on stroke patients' caregiver burden. The study used a purposive random sample technique with a total of 34 respondents to perform a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental design of two groups pre- and post-test in July 2021 in West Java. Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) questionnaires were used to collect data of caregiving burden. The results of this study indicate that there was a significant difference between the intervention and control groups using the paired t-test (p=0.002) and a significant effect value utilizing the ANCOVA test (p=0.000). The Conclusion are Psychoeducation has a considerable impact on stroke patients' caregiver burden. In caring for stroke patients at home, a nurse can provide psychoeducation and caregiver supplies.

Objective - The study explores the effects of lifelong learning on the human capital base as well as sustainable community development with a particular focus on graduate students at SPACE, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, a group that is still understudied in Malaysia. Methodology/Technique – The study used a descriptive research approach with a sample size of 232. The sample was made up of 168, 38, and 26 students who graduated in 2020, 2018, and 2016, respectively. Stratified random sampling was used to select the samples from the three categories. Finding – One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also carried out to compare the various mean scores of the first two hypotheses. In order to promote sustainable community development, this study attempts to investigate how graduate students in SPACE prioritize lifelong learning. Accordingly, items with a mean greater than 2.50 were considered to contribute significantly. Novelty – The study's findings include the financial advantages of lifetime learning, perspectives on using lifelong learning approaches to re-skill and upskill graduates in the current pandemic crisis, and barriers to lifelong learning in Malaysia. A rigid educational system, a lack of political will, and a rigid educational system were all barriers to graduate students' lifelong learning, in addition to their values and attitudes. A lack of institutional support, media coverage, and resources was also present. In terms of the financial advantages of lifelong learning and how the three groups of graduate students perceived using this strategy to re-skill and up-skill, ANOVA results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p-value > 0.05). Type of Paper: Empirical JEL Classification: P25, O10, I25 Keywords: Lifelong learning; upskilling; reskilling; economic; graduate; community; human capital; sustainable Reference to this paper should be referred to as follows: Jamil, S.M; Safian, N.M; Zain, N.H.M; Taib; Zulkifli, N.R; Yusof, Z.M; Rahman, A.A. (2022). Lifelong Learning for Sustainable Community Development: SPACE Graduates' Perceptions of its Economic Contributions and Challenges, GATR-Global J. Bus. Soc. Sci. Review, 10(2), 77–88. https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2022.10.2(2)

Aims: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted virus that can lead to various diseases, most known as cervical cancer’s etiology. HPV vaccination is one of the primary prevention strategies to reduce HPV transmission. To increase vaccination rates, it is essential that women have a good knowledge of receiving the HPV vaccine. The purpose of the study was to explore the knowledge of HPV vaccination among Indonesian women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 462 Indonesian women recruited by convenience sampling on March to May 2022. The adapted questionnaire of knowledge with 28 items was used with Cronbach's Alpha score estimated at 0.838. Women who are 15 to 49 years old, able to understand and speak the Indonesian language, and have a gadget were included in this study. Women who already get HPV vaccination are excluded. Univariate statistics were used to describe Indonesian women’s knowledge of HPV Vaccination. Results: The research shown that the mean age of the respondents is 23.17± 5.065. Half of the respondent level of education is college as many as 245 people (53%). Half of the respondents are employed as many as 239 people (51.7%). The average knowledge is 16.02 with a standard deviation (SD) of 6.43, the knowledge value indicates less knowledge of HPV vaccination among women. In the item analysis, found that most respondents answer incorrectly to the question “HPV testing is done to show whether the HPV vaccine is needed?" (4.3%). Most of the respondents shown did not know answered the question "HPV vaccine requires three doses" (59.3%). Most of the reasons for refusing to be vaccinated answered that the price of the vaccine was not affordable (45.5%). Conclusion: Women’s knowledge of the HPV vaccine was nearly low in this study. The campaign and effort to spread the information related to HPV vaccination are needed. Innovative media might be the best option to spread awareness. Studies with a large sample and broad range of area are preferable.

The aims of the recent study were; analyzing the effect of creative and online learning using Instagram on the ability to create new products in the technology and learning media course, and determining the level of users’ experience in processing visual media through the Canva application on android. Quantitative approach with this research was carried out through a quasi-experimental research model because it measured the post-test was applied to 58 students as the respondents in two experimental and control classes. This study used two instruments; the cognitive learning outcome questionnaire according to the subject to get the students’ ability to create new products, and the second instrument was taken from ueq-online.org in the Indonesian version to know the users' experience in processing visual media. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, mean and standard deviation assisted by IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0. The results demonstrated that the effect of creative and online learning using Instagram on the ability to create new products in The Technology and Learning Media course was found significant at 0.028

Scheduling system is developed based on customers, individuals or organizational preferences in order to create an efficient and effective management of arrangement in prioritization, tasks, place and time. Some of scheduling systems will integrate a database for effective access of editing, viewing and recording amount of data. However, poor scheduling practices would cause undesirable time redundancy and inefficient process just to schedule a timetable for the lecturers and students. Poor scheduling also can cause a misunderstanding between lectures such as double-assignations of lectures, cancellations of presentations, clash in class schedule, prolonged postponement as well as inefficiency in terms of resources and time. A good scheduling system could generate optimal presentation of timetables and enable a direct interaction between lecturers and administration staff that will take into account all the constraints such as to check availability of time and place of events and real-time updates that will help data handling accuracy, cost effective and efficient time management. Therefore, this study will make a comparison and execute a standard process of scheduling framework for future practice in academic industry. This paper presents a practical method for making a comparison based on the studies on existing scheduling system.

A 33-year-old male suffered from a dry socket following extraction of a lower molar tooth which was treated with a cocktail of autologous concentrated growth factor (CGF). The healing socket responded with hypergranulation phenomena that is unusual in dry socket condition. Local healing potential of poorly vascularized dry socket usually demonstrate a dragging recovery period instead of a quick granulation tissue response. The reddish sprout of granulation tissue in this case extended over the upper edge of the wound. The over-healing tissue was observed closely and confirmed to be a benign condition. The excess tissue was trimmed to avoid trauma from occlusion following which the socket healed within two weeks. This case suggests the likelihood of a potent cocktail of growth factors could potentiate angiogenesis and vascularization in the dry socket, providing the opportunity towards hypergranulation state. An over-healing state may point towards a remote possibility of malignancy development that need to be alerted. The use of autologous growth factors for dry socket and wound healing would continue in this era of regenerative medicine therapy. However, the inability to precisely control its molecular potential to the required individual need remain a challenge in surgical practice.

In a Muslim community, the mosque or masjid is considered to be important because they have served as key locations for religious gatherings and centres for political and social activities in the community since the dawn of Islam. A heritage masjid in Malaysia is classified as having traditional architecture, which includes a distinctive style and material that represents the local people's customs and culture. Traditional architecture in Negeri Sembilan is in jeopardy as a result of rapid urbanization. Its abandonment might lead to the disappearance of its information, documentation, and features due to a change in design and materials. Whether as a consequence of natural calamities or human invasion, architectural heritage is constantly under risk. Therefore, preservation and conservation are essential stages in the life cycle of a historic property. Heritage masjid are important to protect, because it depicts the authenticity and workmanship of local villagers in an age before modern technology. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the current condition of heritage masjid in Negeri Sembilan. This research employed on-site observations and includes a comprehensive review of the literature approach on various documentation. This paper concludes with a discussion of how these findings will contribute to the improvement of the current situation and the preservation of the functional aspects of Negeri Sembilan heritage masjid.

Dalam konteks pengajaran bahasa Inggeris sebagai bahasa kedua di Malaysia, terdapat dua isu utama yang sering menjadi topik perbahasan iaitu penggunaan bahasa Melayu dalam kalangan guru Bahasa Inggeris bukan opsyen. Secara umumnya, penggunaan bahasa pertama dalam pengajaran bahasa kedua oleh guru-guru sering dianggap sebagai satu amalan yang boleh mengganggu proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Malahan, ia bertentangan dengan konsep pengajaran bahasa kedua yang mementingkan penggunaan maksimum bahasa sasaran. Guru-guru bukan opsyen pula merupakan guru-guru yang pada awalnya dilatih untuk mengajar mata pelajaran seperti Geograi, Sains, Fizik, Sejarah dan Bahasa Melayu tetapi sebaliknya mereka diminta untuk mengajar Bahasa Inggeris kerana kekurangan guru opsyen di sekolah. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk penyelidikan kualitatif dan seramai enam orang guru bukan opsyen Bahasa Inggeris telah dipilih secara rawak dari empat buah sekolah menengah di daerah Temerloh, Pahang. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti jika guru-guru ini menggunakan bahasa Melayu di dalam bilik darjah mereka dan sebab penggunaannya. Mereka juga ditemu bual dan sesi pengajaran mereka telah dirakam untuk meneliti situasi penggunaan bahasa Melayu. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa penggunaan bahasa pertama masih berlaku dalam pengajaran bahasa kedua dan terdapat perbezaan penggunaan bahasa Melayu oleh guru Bahasa Inggeris bukan opsyen. Justeru, adalah penting guru-guru diberi latihan yang cukup untuk mengajar bahasa kedua ini untuk mengurangkan penggunaan bahasa pertama. In the context of teaching English as a second language in Malaysia, the main issue of the use of Malay language by English teachers including the non-option English teachers has often become the topic of debate. In general, the use of first language in teaching a second language is often considered as a practice that can disrupt the teaching and learning process. In fact, it is contrary to the concept of L2 teaching which emphasizes the maximum use of the target language. Meanwhile, nonoption teachers are teachers who were initially trained to teach subjects such as Geography, Science, Physics, History and Malay but instead they are required to teach English due to the lack of English option teachers in the school. This study used a qualitative research design and a total of six non-English option teachers were randomly selected from four secondary schools in the district of Temerloh, Pahang. This study aimed to examine whether these teachers used Malay language in their classrooms and the reasons for their use. They were interviewed and English lessons were recorded to identify situations in which Malay language was utilised. The findings showed that the use of the first language still occured in the teaching of the second language and there were differences in the use of Malay language by non-English option teachers. This study concludes that it is important to provide sufficient training to English teachers to reduce the use of the first language in teaching this second language.

The controversy over the use of first language (L1) in the second language (L2) classroom has been discussed extensively by numerous scholars in which they either advocate or reject the utilisation of L1 in the target language (TL) classroom. Although the proponents of the monolingual approach argued that there are many disadvantages of utilising the L1, they have yet to present empirical findings to demonstrate that L1 could ultimately hinder the L2 learning. In most L2 classrooms, teachers and students often share similar experiences of L1 utilisation, including in English language classroom in Malaysia. Therefore, it is common for teachers to feel the inclination to use L1 when the other options have failed to explain something during the lessons. A considerable number of local and international studies have pointed out on the wide range of L1 use by L2 teachers. Thus, this study intended to investigate the specific utilisation of micro-functions of L1 (Bahasa Melayu) by English (L2) teachers. A total of 899 English teachers from Pahang were randomly selected to respond to a survey questionnaire which consists of 43 items that represent a myriad functions of Bahasa Melayu (BM). The findings of the study showed that the majority of the respondents utilised a significant number of micro-functions of BM to teach English particularly to assist them in delivering the content of the lessons while its usage was so significant for classroom management and social and interpersonal reasons. The study proposes a need for proper guidelines on how and when teachers should use L1 in L2 teaching. Keywords: First Language; Second language; Bahasa Melayu; English Teachers

Telecontextual study is a remote guidance method using an online platform to help students understand competency test materials and updates on nursing cases. This study aims to identify the platform’s usability to increase critical thinking for prepared students facing UJIKOM. The design of this study was descriptive with a cross-sectional approach. The research population is 34 students of STIKep PPNI West Java. Data collection was done via the USE questionnaire with 13 statements. The method’s useability was described with univariate analysis. The majority of respondents said this application was easy to apply (70.6%). Almost all respondents stated that this application was suitable and improved the critical thinking skills of nursing students (91.2%). Based on statistical tests, all respondents said that this application is easy to remember (100%). More than half of the respondents stated that this application only had minor errors (67.6%). All respondents remain satisfied with this application, although it needs improvement in several aspects (100%). It can be concluded that this application has good usability, as evidenced by the high score of the five usability aspects. Application development by minimizing errors and fixing the settings following the user target is expected to increase this application’s usability and readiness on a larger scale. Keywords: Usability, Telecontextual, Unfolding Case Study

Patient safety is important and can be facilitated by improving the work climate for nurses. This study aims to describe the work climate of nurses and its impact on the application of patient safety at Sartika Asih Hospital, Bandung. The design of this study was descriptive with a cross-sectional approach. The population of this research is 84 nurses, and a simple random sampling technique was used to select 69 people. Data collection used the NWork Climate questionnaire by Suyanto with 36 statements. The univariate analysis used indicates that 56.5% respondents felt the work climate was not good, while 43.5%) felt it was good. According to Muadi (2019) work climate is a tool of environmental characteristics. Perceived directly by employees and assumed to have the main power in influencing employee behavior, the work climate is partially created visthe collaboration between the nurse and manager. The working climate of nurses in the hospital is still not good, so the hospital needs to make policies to improve this, including the scheduling of regular meetings and plans to increase the knowledge of nurses. Keywords: working climate; patient safety; nurse

Background/Aims Nurse burnout is a major issue among nursing staff and can affect the quality of nursing care. Little is known about burnout among nurses working in intensive care units in developing countries, such as Indonesia. This study was conducted to investigate and compare the prevalence of nurse burnout in private and public hospitals in Bandung, Indonesia. Methods A cross-sectional approach was used in the intensive care units of one private and one public hospital in Bandung, Indonesia, from June to July 2019. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to measure burnout levels among nurses. Univariate and bivariate data analysis was used to interpret the results. Results A total of 52 public hospital nurses and 66 private hospital nurses were included in this study. Burnout levels varied significantly between these groups, with private hospital nurses experiencing higher levels of emotional exhaustion (32.43±12.67 vs 29.35±9.78) and depersonalisation (10.23±6.58 vs 7.89±3.67) than public hospital nurses. Conclusions Over one third of both private and public hospital nurses experienced high levels of burnout syndrome, with nurses in the private sector being particularly affected. It is crucial for both public and private hospitals in Indonesia to adapt their working environments to protect the wellbeing of staff and the safety of patients by reducing the risk of nurse burnout.