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This work provides an elaborate characterization of human intestinal fluids (HIF) collected in fasted- and fed-state conditions. HIF from 20 healthy volunteers (10 M/F) were aspirated by intubation near the ligament of Treitz in a time-dependent manner (10-min intervals) and characterized for pH, bile salts, phospholipids, cholesterol, triacylglycerides (TAG), diacylglycerides (DAG), monoacylglycerides (MAG), free fatty acids (FFA), pancreatic lipase, phospholipase A2, and nonspecific esterase activity. For almost all parameters, a food-induced effect was observed. Results were characterized by a high variability, as illustrated by the broad ranges observed for each parameter: pH (fasted: 3.4-8.3; fed: 4.7-7.1), bile salts (fasted: 0.03-36.18 mM; fed: 0.74-86.14 mM), phospholipids (fasted: 0.01-6.33 mM; fed: 0.16-14.39 mM), cholesterol (fasted: 0-0.48 mM; fed: 0-3.29 mM), TAG (fed: 0-6.76 mg/mL), DAG (fed: 0-3.64 mg/mL), MAG (fasted: 0-1.09 mg/mL; fed: 0-11.36 mg/mL), FFA (fasted: 0-3.86 mg/mL; fed: 0.53-15.0 mg/mL), pancreatic lipase (fasted: 26-86 μg/mL; fed: 146-415 μg/mL), phospholipase A2 (fasted: 3-6 ng/mL; fed: 4.3-27.7 ng/mL), and nonspecific esterase activity (fasted: 270-4900 U/mL; fed: 430-4655 U/mL). This comprehensive overview may serve as reference data for physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling and the optimization of biorelevant simulated intestinal fluids for the use in in vitro dissolution, solubility, and permeability profiling. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci. publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Characterization of Human Duodenal Fluids in Fasted and Fed State Conditions journaltitle: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jps.24603 content_type: article copyright: Copyright © 2016 American Pharmacists Association®. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ispartof: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences vol:105 issue:2 pages:673-681 ispartof: location:United States status: published

The rise of three-dimensional cell culture systems that provide in vivo-like environments for pharmaco-toxicological models has prompted the need for simple and robust viability assays suitable for complex cell architectural structures. This study addresses that challenge with the development of an in vitro enzyme based electrochemical sensor for viability/cytotoxicity assessment of two-dimensional (2D) monolayer and three-dimensional (3D) spheroid culture formats. The biosensor measures the cell viability/toxicity via electrochemical monitoring of the enzymatic activity of nonspecific esterases of viable cells, through the hydrolysis of 1-naphthyl acetate to 1-naphthol. The proposed sensor demonstrated strong correlation ( r = 0.979) with viable cell numbers. Furthermore, the model intestinal toxicants diclofenac (DFC, pharmaceutical), okadaic acid (OA, food-safety), and mancozeb (MZB, environmental) were used for the functional evaluation of the proposed sensor using 2D and 3D culture formats. Sensor performance showed high consistency with conventional cell viability/cytotoxicity assays (MTT/CFDA-AM) for all toxicants, with the sensor IC50 values matching the relevant viability LC50 values at the 95% confidence interval range for 2D (DCF: 1.19-1.26 mM, MZB: 10.28-14.18 μM, OA: 40.91-77.13 nM) and 3D culture formats (DCF: 1.02-4.78 mM, MZB: 11.26-15.16 μM, OA: 162.09-179.67 nM). The presented results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed sensor as a robust endpoint screening tool for both 2D and 3D cytotoxicity assessment.

Broadly speaking, the aim of this research is to examine and analyze the effect of Efficiency, Fulfilment, Reliability, Privacy Variables on Customers’ Satisfaction on account opening services via the online system “Jenius BTPN”. Determination of a sample of 100 respondents through a stratified random sampling approach with research locations at BTPN Bank. The research approach uses quantitative while the data analysis method uses multiple linear regression. Analysis test equipment using SPSS, version 22. The results of the study indicate that the Efficiency does not affect customer satisfaction (Sig 0.475> 0.05); Fulfillment affects customer satisfaction (sig 0.003 0.05); Privacy has a significant effect on customer satisfaction (sig 0.000

To evaluate the acaricidal activity of extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus against Tetranychus urticae (T. urticae) Koch.Extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus with different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0% and 4.0%) were used to control T. urticae Koch.The results showed that chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) represented the most potent efficient acaricidal agent against Tetranychus followed by marjoram (Marjorana hortensis) and Eucalyptus. The LC50 values of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus for adults were 0.65, 1.84 and 2.18, respectively and for eggs 1.17, 6.26 and 7.33, respectively. Activities of enzymes including glutathione-S-transferase, esterase (α-esterase and β-esterase) and alkaline phosphatase in susceptible mites were determined and activities of enzymes involved in the resistance of acaricides were proved. Protease enzyme was significantly decreased at LC50 of both chamomile and marjoram compared with positive control. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) proved that the major compositions of Chamomilla recutita are α-bisabolol oxide A (35.251%), and trans-β-farersene (7.758%), while the main components of Marjorana hortensis are terpinene-4-ol (23.860%), p-cymene (23.404%) and sabinene (10.904%).It can be concluded that extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus possess acaricidal activity against T. urticae.

We describe an 8-year-old girl who presented a massive mediastinal tumour of thymic origin. Surgical excision was unsuccessful. Irradiation treatment (4,500 rad) together with intensive combination chemotherapy resulted in regression of the tumour. After three months, an increase of blasts was observed in the peripheral blood and bone marrow. The terminal phase was characterized by acute leukaemia, which did not respond to chemotherapy. Despite the thymic origin of this malignancy, the blast cells contained non-specific esterase activity as determined by naphthol-AS-acetate as substrate. The NaF-sensitive form of this enzyme is a characteristic of monocytes-macrophages. Other monocyte-macrophage markers were, however, negative. We conclude that the NaF-sensitive naphthol-AS-acetate esterase is not limited to tumours of the monocyte-macrophage system.

143 consecutive effusion samples were stained for non-specific esterase (NSE) in order to test the diagnostic value of the staining method with reference to the diagnosis of carcinosis in pleural and peritoneal cavities. On comparing the results obtained by cytomorphological evaluation and NSE staining the former was proved to have a signficnat higher diagnostic specificity. The diagnostic sensitivity of the two methods showed no difference. The low diagnostic specificity of the NSE staining was due to occasionally intense staining of macrophages and mesothelial cells in connection with reactive states of the mesothelium. The NSE staining is not recommendable as a diagnostic supplement to the cytomorphological evaluation.

Infection of a Streptomyces galbus strain R-5 in leaves of tissue-cultured seedlings of rhododendron was examined using transmission electron microscopy and a histochemical method. Mycelia invaded the host through stomatal openings but not through other sites. Mycelia colonizing leaf surfaces and those growing through stomatal openings were embedded in an electron-dense, thick, amorphous material, while single hyphae were not. Within host tissues, hyphae were observed individually or in colonies in intercellular spaces but not in epidermal or mesophyll cells. The mycelia colonizing in intercellular spaces were also embedded in a similar amorphous material. Wall appositions formed within the epidermal and mesophyll cells, the outer surfaces of which were attached to the intercellular mycelia, suggesting that those cells had recognized the presence of mycelia of R-5 and responded to it. On the leaf surfaces, the wax that covered the undulating cuticular layer was degraded beneath the growing mycelia. This observation was supported by the presence of indigo blue crystals that formed as hydrolytic products of mycelial nonspecific esterase along the mycelia on fresh leaves.

Objective To investigate the lung response to traffic-related air pollution by enumerating hemosiderin-laden alveolar macrophages (AM) in sputum. Study design Sputum samples were collected from 103 urban adult males from Calcutta chronically exposed to automobile exhaust. Forty-nine rural individuals served as controls. AM were identified by nonspecific esterase staining. Perl's Prussian blue technique was employed for the detection of hemosiderin-laden AM (siderophages). Results The urban group, consisting of 31 traffic officers, 25 automobile service station workers and 47 street hawkers, had seven times more AM in their sputum than did the matched controls. Besides, a remarkable rise (27-fold) in the number of siderophages in sputum was observed in urban individuals. Smoking further elevated the AM count and number of siderophages. Conclusion Abundant siderophages in the urban group may indicate the toxic effect of airborne pollutants on the lung, leading to phagocytosis of destroyed cells, including erythrocytes, and accumulation of iron in AM. Enumeration of siderophages in sputum appears to be a simple, noninvasive, inexpensive cytochemical technique well suited to preliminary assessment of the adverse effects of air pollution on the lungs in large, population-based studies, especially in developing countries.

The present work is concerned with the relationship of the different colors of NSE (non-specific esterase) reaction product, in which alpha-naphthyl acetate and diazotate of o-dianisidine (Fast Blue B salt) were used as a substrate and a coupler respectively to describe the histochemical characteristics of NSE in chick embryonic mesonephros and metanephros. Our preliminary results throw light on the nature of NSE reaction produced colors, under light microscope, which were different in various sections for different airdrying time-length. The reaction product on the slices of the convoluted tubules of chick embryonic kidney was bright yellow after less than 30 min air-drying time-length, brown after 1.5≈2 h air-drying, time-length and black after more than 3 h of air-drying. The color-change process of NSE precipitates from bright yellow to black is progressive. The phenomennon has not been described previously.

A rule-based expert system called FABHELP has been developed that applies the recently proposed French-American-British (FAB) criteria for diagnosing acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. The program diagnoses Ml-M7 and myelodysplastic syndromes given the percentages of the cell types. It was developed in Arity Prolog Version 5.1 and runs on IBM PCs. FABHELP asks the user for the percentage of cell types and requests specific information concerning the quality of the specimen and ancillary tests such as nonspecific esterase staining. The diagnosis is printed on the screen along with the rule used to make the diagnosis. A module displaying specific rule(s) given the diagnosis is also included along with modules for calculating prognostic scores for myelodysplastic syndromes by two different methods. Rapid look-up of leukocyte antigens (CD numbers) is also available. FABHELP has proven useful for teaching residents and as a quick, concise reference for FAB classification.

A simple and convenient colorimetric assay for the quantification of non-specific esterase is described. The assay takes advantage of the microtitration plate format, and the high capacity of repetitive dispensers and the microplate reader for this format. The assay is well suited for the quantification changes in the esterase activity in homogeneous cell populations like monocytes maturing into macrophages.

The study was carried out on ileum of 15 buffalo fetuses ranging from 14.5 cm curved crown-rump length (CVRL) (93 days) to 100 cm CVRL (299 days) to elucidate the histoenzymic distribution of enzymes i.e. alkaline phosphatase (AKPase), Glucose-6-Phosphatase (G-6-Pase), Succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and Diaphorases on ileal peyer's patches during their prenatal development. The fetuses were categorized into three groups based on their CVRL. In Group upto 20 cm CVRL, weak alkaline phosphatase, SDH activity was observed and activity of LDH and Non specific esterase (NSE) was absent. In 20 to 40 cm CVRL fetuses, strong AKPase and moderate granular G-6-PD activity was observed in the villi of small intestine and developing group of lymphocytes in submucosa. In > 40 cm CVRL fetuses, strong AKPase activity was observed in dome region of the lymphoid follicle that invaded the mucosa in ileum. However, moderate SDH activity was observed at the periphery. The activity of LDH in 20 to 40 cm CVRL fetuses and also in > 40 cm CVRL fetuses was very weak. Intense activity of NADH enzyme was observed in submucosal lymphoid aggregates in group III of ileum.

Split-dose X-irradiation efficiently induced Thy-1-positive thymic lymphomas (80%) in intact NFS mice within 12 months after irradiation. A high incidence (67%) of nonthymic lymphomas and leukemias was observed in the thymectomized NFS mice. Development of nonthymic lymphomas and leukemias in these mice started about 2 months later than that of thymic lymphomas and increased significantly 10 months onward after the last irradiation, when the development of thymic lymphomas in intact mice had already come to an end. These nonthymic lymphomas and leukemias involved predominantly the spleen and the mesenteric lymph nodes. Twelve out of 18 lymphomas and leukemias were examined immunocytologically. All of these tumors except one were diagnosed as lymphomas including one plasmacytoma. One case was diagnosed as myelomonocytic leukemia because the leukemic cells were highly positive for nonspecific esterase and negative for chrolacetate esterase. All lymphomas tested were negative for thy-1.2, and five of them expressed surface immunoglobulins. From these results, nonthymic lymphomas developed in thymectomized and X-irradiated NFS mice were classified as B-cell lymphomas probably including non-T/non-B cell lymphomas. Present findings demonstrated that a low incidence of nonthymic lymphomas in intact NFS mice exposed to split-dose X-irradiation should be ascribed to a longer latency since most of the mice died of thymic lymphomas prior to the development of overt nonthymic lymphomas.

We report a case of juvenile type III glycogenosis that was confirmed by histopathological and biochemical studies. The histopathological findings consisted of vacuoles, periodic acid-Schiff positive materials, type 2B fiber deficiency, mildly positive acid phosphatase reaction and intensely positive non-specific esterase reaction. It is suggested that the enzyme reactions may be related to membrane-bound sacs containing glycogen.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:42:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-08-11 Introduction: Classically, the monocytic component of acute myelomonocytic (FAB-M4) and acute monocytic/monoblastic (FAB-M5) leukemias is demonstrated by nonspecific esterase positivity in cytochemical stainings. We have previously demonstrated that nonspecific esterases from normal monocytes can be determined by a chemiluminescent method. In the present study, we investigated whether this assay can also determine the monocytic component of FAB-M4 and FAB-M5 and distinguish these acute myeloid leukemia (AML) categories. Materials and Methods: Bone marrow samples were obtained from 66 patients with AML (M0, two cases; M1, 12 cases; M2, 13 cases; M3, 10 cases; M4, 11 cases; M5, 12 cases; M6, two cases; M7, four cases). Cells were incubated with a standard reaction mixture and chemiluminescence was measured for 10min. Two parameters were assessed, the peak (PLE) and the integrated light emission (ILE). Results: Both PLE and ILE were higher in FAB-M4 and FAB-M5 subtypes compared to other AML subtypes (P < 0.001). In addition, the classification of AML cases into FAB-M4, FAB-M5 and nonmonocytic subtypes based on ILE analysis was concordant with α-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) in 97% of cases (kappa coefficient 0.94, P < 0.001). Conclusions: These findings indicate that this chemiluminescent assay was able to determine the monocytic component of FAB-M4 and FAB-M5 cells, and the classification of AML subtypes based on chemiluminescent analysis strongly agreed with the cytochemical ANAE-staining. In conclusion, this chemiluminescent assay is a simple, fast and objective method, which may be useful as an alternative tool in the differential diagnosis of AML subtypes. Department of Clinical Analysis State Univ. of São Paulo School of Pharmaceutical Science, Araraquara Department of Biochemistry Univ. of Sao Paulo Chem. Inst., São Paulo Center for Cell-based Therapy Department of Clinical Medicine Univ. S. Paulo at R. Preto Med. Sch., Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900 SP