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The various constraints like the profitability of the groundnut and the domestic cotton industry and others led to the failure of the British to transform colonial Nigeria into a cotton paradise and ultimately were forced to promote the use of traditional agriculture in northern Nigeria. The British, due to lack of manpower in administering Nigeria, chose to govern through a modified emirate system and hoped that the agricultural sector using traditional methods of cultivation would produce and export cotton in high quantities to Britain.

Like many professional sports leagues worldwide, the National Basketball Association is organized as a cooperative of team owners. We argue that league ownership structures must balance two types of transaction costs: the costs to league owners of collective decision-making and the costs of contracting with stakeholders of the league, importantly players, owners, and potential investors. We compare the transaction costs of the current team owned league with the alternatives of investor and player owned leagues, finding that each ownership structure reduces some transaction costs while raising others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study on the careers of unskilled workers in Newburyport, MA, between 1850 and 1880, focused on the prospects of economic improvement. Results revealed that migrants had strong potentials of career development than those who decided to stay. Schools in the nineteenth-century had catered mostly to children of naturally-born residents than to immigrant children. Economic considerations played an important role in the education of immigrants, where access to education depended on family income.

An abstract of the article "Network Quality in the Early Telegraph Industry," by Tomas Nonnenmacher is presented.

Presents an abstract of a conference paper on patterns of law reform in the U.S. from 1880 to 1940.