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Em Hymenoptera, o grupo Formicidae é de grande importância forense e pode estar presente durante todos os estágios de decomposição do corpo. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar e quantificar as espécies de formigas ocorrentes em carcaça suína no município de Bento Gonçalves - RS, Brasil. O trabalho foi conduzido na Universidade de Caxias do Sul, no campus de Bento Gonçalves, entre os dias 6 e 24 de março de 2017 (área de mata com interferência antrópica). Como modelo animal foi utilizado um porco doméstico (Sus scrofa) com 13kg e aproximadamente 40-45 dias de vida. Após a morte, a carcaça foi disposta em decúbito lateral sob uma caixa de malha metálica (para evitar a interferência de carnívoros) e rodeada por dez armadilhas de solo para a coleta de insetos (pitfall - copos plásticos de 300ml contendo água e uma gota de detergente). Para as análises foram considerados quatro períodos de decomposição: período de coloração (I) 1-3º dia; gasoso (II) 4-8º dia; coliquativo (III) 9-14º dia; e de esqueletização (IV) 15-19º dia, onde os ossos já se encontravam expostos. No total, foram coletados 714 espécimes, incluídos em 20 espécies. As espécies mais abundantes foram: Wasmannia auropunctata (273 espécimes), Nylanderia fulva (86) e Brachymyrmex incisus (78). Formicidae ocorreu em todos os estágios de decomposição, demonstrando sua importância forense.

RESUMO Argyrotaenia sphaleropa (Meyrick, 1909) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) é uma das principais pragas do caquizeiro na região da Serra Gaúcha, principal pólo produtor da fruta no Rio Grande do Sul, onde danifica também as culturas do pessegueiro e da videira. O monitoramento da praga nos pomares pode ser realizado com armadilhas de feromônio. Entretanto, para implementar um programa de monitoramento da praga nos pomares é fundamental disponibilizar informações sobre a influência da altura de posicionamento e da cor das armadilhas sobre a captura de A. sphaleropa. Neste trabalho foi avaliada a captura de adultos de A. sphaleropa em armadilhas delta brancas posicionadas a 0,5, 1,0, 1,5, 2,0 e 2,5 m acima do nível do solo, e em armadilhas das cores branca, amarela, vermelha, azul e verde, posicionadas a 1,8 m acima do nível do solo. Pelos resultados obtidos constatou-se que as armadilhas posicionadas a 2,0 e 2,5 m acima do nível do solo capturaram um número maior de indivíduos quando comparadas com aquelas posicionadas a 0,5, 1,0 e 1,5 m. As armadilhas das cores verde e azul foram mais eficientes que as das cores branca, amarela e vermelha, proporcionando maior captura de A. sphaleropa. Em função dos resultados obtidos neste trabalho, recomenda-se a utilização de armadilhas delta da cor verde ou azul, instaladas a 2,0m acima do nível do solo, para o monitoramento de A. sphaleropa na cultura do caquizeiro. ABSTRACT Argyrotaenia sphaleropa (Meyrick, 1909) (Leptidoptera: Tortricidae) is one of the most important pests of persimmon trees in the Serra Gaúcha region, the main persimmon prodution area in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, where it also damages peach trees and grapevines. In the orchards the pest can be monitored by pheromone traps, but to improve a program of pest monitoring it is essential to supply information about the effect of the color of delta traps and their height of placement on A. sphaleropa catches. In this study, the A. sphaleropa adults catch was evaluated in white delta traps placed at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 m above ground level and in white, yellow, red, blue and green traps located at 1.8m above of ground level. This study showed that the traps placed at 2.0 to 2.5 m above ground level captured a greater number of adults compared to those placed at 0.5 to 1.5 m. The green and blue traps were more efficient than the white, yellow and red ones on the capture of A. sphaleropa. According to the results obtained in this study, the use green or blue traps is recommended, placed at 2.0 m above ground level, for monitoring A. sphaleropa in persimmon orchards.

RESUMO A cochonilha-parda Parthenolecanium persicae (Fabricius, 1776) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) é uma das principais pragas da videira na região sul do Brasil. Com o objetivo de estudar a biologia da espécie, fêmeas grávidas foram coletadas em parreiral de Vitis labrusca L. da variedade Isabel (Vitaceae) em dezembro de 2002 e trazidas ao laboratório, onde foram fixadas em plantas de videira com um ano de idade. Após a eclosão, quinzenalmente foi acompanhado o desenvolvimento dos insetos (n = 30) medindo-se o comprimento e a largura das cochonilhas, fecundidade e viabilidade das fases de desenvolvimento. A cochonilha-parda apresentou ciclo anual, com três instares ninfais. O primeiro instar ocorreu de janeiro a março, o segundo de abril a julho e o terceiro de agosto a novembro. A fecundidade foi de 2.449,5 ± 323,46 ovos/fêmea com viabilidade de 87,5%. As ninfas de primeiro, segundo e terceiro instares, apresentaram viabilidade de 93,3, 82,1 e 86,9%, respectivamente. A viabilidade de ovo a adulto foi de 58,2%. Não foi observada a presença de machos na espécie. ABSTRACT The European peach scale, Parthenolecanium persicae (Fabricius, 1776) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) is one of the most important pests of southern Brazilian vineyards. Scale biology was studied using females collected in a vineyard of Vitis labrusca L. var. Isabel (Vitaceae) in December of 2002 and fixing the insects on leaves of one-year-old plants in the laboratory. Length and width of the scale, fecundity and longevity were observed (n = 30). Scale has a life cycle of one year with 3 nymphal instars. Life span of the first instar nympha occurs from January to March, the second from April to July, and the third from August to November. The fecundity was 2,449.5 ± 323.46 eggs/female with a viability of 87.5%. Viability of first, second and third instars was 93.3, 82.1 and 86.9%, respectively, and 58.2% from egg to adult. Males of the species were not observed.

RESUMO A lagarta-das-fruteiras Argyrotaenia sphaleropa (Meyrick, 1909) (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae) é uma espécie freqüentemente encontrada danificando a cultura da videira e outras frutíferas temperadas na região da Encosta Superior do Nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul e no Uruguai. Neste trabalho, foi estudado em laboratório o efeito de inseticidas permitidos na produção orgânica quando fornecidos as lagartas em dieta artificial sobre o desenvolvimento de A. sphaleropa. O óleo de nim (0,25 e 0,50%), incorporados à dieta artificial de A. sphaleropa provocou um aumento na duração da fase de lagarta, menor viabilidade das fases de lagarta e pupa e menor longevidade de machos. O extrato pirolenhoso (0,50%) provocou aumento na duração da fase de lagarta, reduzindo a longevidade de machos e o período de oviposição, sem afetar a fecundidade. Com base na tabela de vida de fertilidade verificou-se que a presença do óleo de nim (0,25 e 0,50%) e do extrato pirolenhoso (0,50%) em dietas artificiais aumentaram a duração em dias de uma geração (T), a taxa líquida de reprodução (Ro), a razão infinitesimal de aumento populacional (Rm) e a razão finita de aumento (λ) de A. sphaleropa quando comparado com a dieta sem os inseticidas. ABSTRACT The South American tortricid moth Argyrotaenia sphaleropa (Meyrick, 1909) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is often found damaging vineyards and other temperate fruits in Southern Brazil. In this study, neem oil (0.25 and 0.50%) incorporated to A. sphaleropa artificial diet increased larval phase, reduced larval and pupae viability, producing males with a reduced lifespan. Pyroligneous acid (0.50%) increased larval duration, reduced male longevity and the oviposition period without affecting fecundity. Using the fertility life table, neem oil (0.25 and 0.50%) and pyroligneous acid (0.50%) added to the artificial diet increased duration in days of one generation (T), the net reproductive rate (Ro), the intrinsic rate of increase (Rm) and the finite rate of increase (l) of A. sphaleropa when compared with diets without these compounds.

Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is considered one of the main biological control agents of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). However, the application of toxic baits for the management of C. capitata might exert side effects on the parasitoid. The objective of this study was to evaluate the side effects of toxic bait formulations on D. longicaudata. The food attractants Anamed, 3% Biofruit, 1.5% CeraTrap, 1.25% Flyral, 3% Isca Samaritá, 3% Isca Samaritá Tradicional, and 7% sugarcane molasses mixed with an organophosphate insecticide [malathion, 2.0 grams of active ingredient (g a.i.) L−1] and the commercial formulation Gelsura (2.0 and 4.0 g a.i. L−1 alpha-cypermethrin) showed high toxicity to D. longicaudata adults (>90% mortality) after 96 h and were thus classified as harmful (Class 4). Similarly, 3% Isca Samaritá Tradicional and 7% sugarcane molasses in formulations with the insecticides spinosad and spinetoram (0.096 g a.i. L−1 or kg) were moderately harmful (Class 3). In contrast, the food attractants Anamed, 3% Biofruit, 1.5% CeraTrap, 1.25% Flyral, and 3% Isca Samaritá Tradicional in combination with spinosad and spinetoram and the formulation Success 0.02CB (0.096 g a.i. L−1 spinosad) were classified as harmless (1 generation of D. longicaudata in C. capitata larvae. Formulations of toxic baits based on spinosyn are suitable for the management of C. capitata together with the parasitoid D. longicaudata.

Plum leaf scald (PLS), caused by the vector-borne bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, is a major obstacle to the expansion of plum crops in Brazil. In other affected crops, this pathogen is naturally transmitted mainly by sharpshooter leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae). Despite the importance of PLS, the vector species responsible for bacterial spread in plums remain unknown. This study, therefore, aimed at determining the X. fastidiosa transmission ability of three sharpshooter species commonly found in plum orchards in southern and southeastern Brazil: Macugonalia cavifrons (Stål), Macugonalia leucomelas (Walker), and Sibovia sagata (Signoret). After a 72 h acquisition access period on plum trees infected with X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex (sequence type 67), four insects of each of the species were transferred for an inoculation access period of 96 h to 10–20 healthy Prunus salicina Lindl. Bacterial infection in the plants was verified 7 months after inoculation by polymerase chain reaction. Results showed that the three sharpshooter species were able to transmit X. fastidiosa to plums, with mean transmission efficiencies by single insects of 16%, 14%, and 18% for M. cavifrons, M. leucomelas, and S. sagata, respectively. To our knowledge, this study is the first to identify vector species and prove the transmission of a PLS strain of X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex by sharpshooters in Brazil., BR; PPT; mbesteves1@gmail.com

The obscure mealybug Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is one of the most important damaging mealybugs in vineyards worldwide and in South American temperate fruit production. The life history of P. viburni on 3 fruit species was studied under laboratory conditions. Leaves of apple Malus domestica (Borkh.), persimmon Diospyros kaki L., and grapevine Vitis labrusca L., were used as host plants. Mealybugs were able to develop, survive, and reproduce on all 3 hosts; however, persimmon and grape leaves were most suitable for P. viburni development and reproduction. The cumulative development time (nymph to adulthood) ranged from about 35 d on persimmon and grape leaves to 40.87 ± 0.53 d on apple leaves for females, and from 30.68 ± 0.44 d on persimmon to about 34 d on apple and grape leaves for males. The obscure mealybug exhibited biparental oviparous reproduction, and the fecundity significantly decreased on apple leaves from a mean of 88 eggs per female on persimmon and grape leaves to 30.61 ± 2.9 eggs on apple leaves. The preoviposition period was shortest on persimmon (17.57 ± 0.59 d), and the reproductive period was longest on grape (31.77 ± 0.92 d). The longevity of mated females was higher on grape (54.84 ± 1.23 d) than on apple and persimmon (about 43 d). These results suggest that all 3 hosts can support the development and reproduction of P. viburni , but that persimmon and grape leaves are more suitable hosts. Resumen La cochinilla oscura, Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae,) es una de las cochinillas mas perjudiciales en los vinedos de todo el mundo y en la produccion sudamericana de frutas templadas. Se estudio la historia de vida de P. viburni sobre 3 especies de frutos bajo condiciones de laboratorio. Se usaron hojas de manzana Malus domestica (Borkh.), caqui Diospyros kaki L. y vid Vitis labrusca L., como plantas hospederas. Las cochinillas podrian desarrollarse, sobrevivir y reproducirse sobre los 3 hospederos; sin embargo, el caqui y las hojas de uva fueron las mas adecuadas para el desarrollo y la reproduccion de P. viburni . El tiempo de desarrollo acumulado (ninfa a la edad adulta) vario entre aproximadamente 35 dias en hojas de caqui y de uva a 40,87 ± 0,53 dias sobre hojas de manzana para las hembras y de 30,68 ± 0,44 d en hojas de caqui a aproximadamente 34 dias en hojas de manzana y de uva para los machos. La cochinilla oscura exhibio la reproduccion biparental ovipara y la fecundidad disminuyo significativamente en las hojas de manzana de un promedio de 88 huevos por hembra en las hojas de caqui y de uva a 30,61 ± 2,9 huevos en hojas de manzana. El periodo de preoviposicion fue mas corto en el caqui (17,57 ± 0,59 dias), y el periodo reproductivo fue mas prolongado en la uva (31,77 ± 0,92 dias). La longevidad de las hembras apareadas fue mayor en la uva (54,84 ± 1,23 d) que en la manzana y el caqui (aproximadamente 43 dias). Estos resultados sugieren que los 3 hospederos pueden apoyar el desarrollo y la reproduccion de P. viburni, pero que el caqui y las hojas de uva son los hospederos mas adecuados. View this article in BioOne

Lobiopa insularis is one of the main pests of strawberry crop, causing direct damage to fruit, making them unfeasible for consumption and commercialization. This study aimed to estimate, under laboratory conditions, base emperature and thermal requirements of the eggs, larvae, pupae and the biological cycle (from egg to adult) of L. insularis. Insects were reared on artificial diet based on strawberry fruits, at temperatures of 16, 19, 22, 25, 28 and 31°C, using air-conditioned chambers (70±10% R.H.; 12 h photophase). The number of annual generations of L. insularis was estimated for eight municipalities belonging to the main strawberry growing regions in Brazil, considering base temperature and thermal constant. Development time of L. insularis was proportional to the temperature increase. The best development rate was obtained when insects were reared at 22 and 25ºC. Based on thermal requirements of L. insularis, the number of annual generations was estimated between 5 and 7 per year, according to the studied region. Exigências térmicas e estimativas do número de gerações anuais de Lobiopa insularis em morangueiro Lobiopa insularis é uma das principais pragas da cultura do morangueiro, provocando danos diretos nos frutos, inviabilizando--os para o consumo e comercialização. Neste trabalho, foi estimada a temperatura base e as exigências térmicas das fases de ovo, larva, pupa e do ciclo biológico (ovo a adulto) de L. insularis. Os insetos foram criados em dieta artificial à base de frutos de morango maduros, nas temperaturas de 16, 19, 22, 25, 28 e 31°C, utilizando câmaras climatizadas (70±10% U.R.; fotofase de 12h). O número de gerações anuais de L. insularis foi estimado para oito municípios pertencentes às principais regiões produtoras de morango no Brasil, por meio da temperatura base e da constante térmica. A velocidade de desenvol-vimento de L. insularis aumentou com a elevação da temperatura. A faixa mais adequada para o desenvolvimento da espécie foi entre 22 e 25ºC. Com base nas exigências térmicas de L. insularis ,o número de gerações anuais foi estimado entre cinco e sete de acordo com a região estudada. Palavras-chave: Fragaria x ananassa, broca-do-morangueiro; ciclo biológico; temperatura base. Made available in DSpace on 2019-05-01T00:43:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANDZEIEWSKIHortBrasV36ONLINE2018.pdf: 294197 bytes, checksum: 5c7e499e01bdc046174c2184ab19e04d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:40:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-09-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) FAPERGS (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul) Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Wille) (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) is among the principal pests of Brazilian vineyards. Establishment and spread of this species in vineyards are associated with ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). This study determined the diversity of the ant fauna in E. brasiliensis infested vineyards in Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, the main grape-producing states in Brazil. Underground pitfall traps baited with a honey-water solution and sardines were used to sample ants in the spring-summer and fall-winter periods. Twenty-eight species of ants were identified in Rio Grande do Sul and 15 in Santa Catarina. Linepithema micans (Forel) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) was the most frequent and abundant species collected in vineyards in both states. Control strategies for ants associated with the spread of E. brasiliensis should focus on L. micans in vineyards. Lab Entomol Embrapa Uva & Vinho, BR-95700000 Bento Goncalves, Brazil Empresa Pesquisa Agr & Extencao Rural Santa Catar, BR-89560000 Videira, Brazil Univ Texas Austin, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA Univ Estadual Paulista, Ctr Estudos Insetos Sociais, Inst Biociencias, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Ctr Estudos Insetos Sociais, Inst Biociencias, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:48:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-08-01 The ant genus Linepithema is widely known, thanks to the pest species Linepithema humile (Mayr), which is easily mistaken for Linepithema micans (Forel) due to their morphological similarity. Like L. humile, L. micans is associated to the main grapevine pest in Brazil, Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Wille), also known as ground pearl. Therefore, the present study uses mtDNA fragments to expand the knowledge of haplotype diversity and distribution of L. micans in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), to understand the genetic differences of the populations identified in this study. We identified 15 haplotypes of L. micans spread across different localities. Twelve of these haplotypes were new for the species. The high haplotype diversity uncovered in Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) for this species was predictable, as L. micans is in its native environment. Additional studies that take gene flow into account may reveal interesting aspects of diversity in these populations. Universidade Estadual Paulista julio de Mesquita Filho UNESP-Campus Rio Claro, Av. 24A Universidade Federal Do Piauý-Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Av. Sao Sebastiao, 2819 Embrapa Uva e Vinho Laboratorio de Entomologia, Av. Livramento 515 Universidade Estadual Paulista julio de Mesquita Filho UNESP-Campus Rio Claro, Av. 24A

Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Wille) (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) is among the principal pests of Brazilian vineyards. Establishment and spread of this species in vineyards are associated with ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). This study determined the diversity of the ant fauna in E. brasiliensis infested vineyards in Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, the main grape-producing states in Brazil. Underground pitfall traps baited with a honey–water solution and sardines were used to sample ants in the spring–summer and fall–winter periods. Twenty-eight species of ants were identified in Rio Grande do Sul and 15 in Santa Catarina. Linepithema micans (Forel) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) was the most requent and abundant species collected in vineyards in both states. Control strategies for ants associated with the spread of E. brasiliensis should focus on L. micans in vineyards. Key Words: survey; ant; soil scale; Linepithema micans A cochonilha de raízes pérola-da-terra Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Wille) (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) é considerada uma das principais pragas da videira no Brasil. O estabelecimento e a dispersão da espécie nos parreirais estão associados à formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Neste trabalho, foi determinada a diversidade da fauna de formigas em parreirais infestados com a cochonilha nos Estados do Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina, principais estados produtores de uva do Brasil. Armadilhas “pitfall” subterrâneas iscadas com solução aquosa de mel e sardinha foram colocadas no interior dos vinhedos entre os períodos da primavera/verão e outono/inverno. Vinte e oito espécies de formigas foram identificadas no Rio Grande do Sul e quinze em Santa Catarina. Linepithema micans (Forel) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) foi a espécie com maior frequência e abundância nos parreirais amostrados em ambos estados amostrados. Estratégias de controle de formigas associadas à dispersão da pérola-da-terra devem ser direcionadas para esta espécie nos vinhedos. Palavras Chave: levantamento; formiga; cochonilha; Linepithema micans Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-05T23:17:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 024.100.03101.pdf: 474640 bytes, checksum: d587fb19d5998cd3d083aa17d095d43e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-04

Praga quarentenária ausente no Brasil, a traça europeia dos cachos da videira é um inseto em movimento, já identificado na Argentina, no Chile e em diversas outras regiões produtoras de uva. Apesar de até o momento não ter sido detectada em solo brasileiro, ações de vigilância devem ser intensificadas com a adoção de medidas fitossanitárias mais restritivas na importação de frutas hospedeiras da praga e ampliação do número de armadilhas monitoradas.

Linepithema micans (Forel) is considered to be the main ant species responsible for the spread of Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Wille), a soil scale that damages vine plants in southern Brazil. In this work, the seasonal life cycle of L. micans was evaluated in vineyards to define the most appropriate time for the application of toxic baits for control. Ant nests were transported to the laboratory in plastic bags, and individual ants were separated into groups of eggs, larvae, pupae, workers, males, and queens, recording the number of individuals per colony. The seasonal life cycle of L. micans in the vineyards began in spring with the deposition of eggs by queens. During the warm months of the year (spring and summer), it was possible to observe nests consisting primarily of eggs and pupae. During the autumn and winter months, the colonies were composed predominantly of larvae and a reduction in eggs was observed. Because the main control strategy targets the larval stage of the insect, the application of toxic baits for the control of L. micans must be performed during the winter.

Lobiopa insularis is one of the main pests of strawberry crop, causing direct damage to fruit, making them unfeasible for consumption and commercialization. This study aimed to estimate, under laboratory conditions, base temperature and thermal requirements of the eggs, larvae, pupae and the biological cycle (from egg to adult) of L. insularis. Insects were reared on artificial diet based on strawberry fruits, at temperatures of 16, 19, 22, 25, 28 and 31°C, using air-conditioned chambers (70±10% R.H.; 12 h photophase). The number of annual generations of L. insularis was estimated for eight municipalities belonging to the main strawberry growing regions in Brazil, considering base temperature and thermal constant. Development time of L. insularis was proportional to the temperature increase. The best development rate was obtained when insects were reared at 22 and 25ºC. Based on thermal requirements of L. insularis, the number of annual generations was estimated between 5 and 7 per year, according to the studied region. RESUMO Lobiopa insularis é uma das principais pragas da cultura do morangueiro, provocando danos diretos nos frutos, inviabilizando-os para o consumo e comercialização. Neste trabalho, foi estimada a temperatura base e as exigências térmicas das fases de ovo, larva, pupa e do ciclo biológico (ovo a adulto) de L. insularis. Os insetos foram criados em dieta artificial à base de frutos de morango maduros, nas temperaturas de 16, 19, 22, 25, 28 e 31°C, utilizando câmaras climatizadas (70±10% U.R.; fotofase de 12h). O número de gerações anuais de L. insularis foi estimado para oito municípios pertencentes às principais regiões produtoras de morango no Brasil, por meio da temperatura base e da constante térmica. A velocidade de desenvolvimento de L. insularis aumentou com a elevação da temperatura. A faixa mais adequada para o desenvolvimento da espécie foi entre 22 e 25ºC. Com base nas exigências térmicas de L. insularis, o número de gerações anuais foi estimado entre cinco e sete de acordo com a região estudada.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:31:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-10-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The mealybug Planococcus ficus Signoret) Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) has recently been detected in vineyards in southern Brazil. The ant Linepithema micans Forel) Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is the most abundant and frequent species in these vineyards, acting mainly as a disperser of the native soil scale, the ground pearl Eurhizococcus brasiliensis Wille) Hemiptera: Margarodidae). This study evaluated the interactions dispersal and predation) of L. micans with P. ficus. The first experiment evaluated the interaction between L. micans and P. ficus in a greenhouse, using Paulsen 1103 rootstock Vitis berlandieri x Vitis rupestris) planted in pots. Plants were infested by 1) adult females of P. ficus, and 2) adult females of P. ficus and L. micans, and all mealybugs remaining after the experimental period were counted. To evaluate P. ficus predation by L. micans, two laboratory experiments were conducted 25 degrees C, 80% relative humidity). In the first experiment, sprouted potatoes were infested with ovisacs, first-instar nymphs and adult females of P. ficus and evaluated in three treatments: 1) L. micans fed with carbohydrate and protein, 2) L. micans without food, and 3) without ants present. In the second, potatoes were infested only with first-instar nymphs of P. ficus and were exposed in two treatments: 1) L. micans without food, and 2) without ants present. The results were evaluated by counting the remaining mealybugs, with and without ants. The results showed that L. micans does not transport P. ficus, and predates on first-instar nymphs of the mealybug. Embrapa Uva & Vinho, Lab Entomolgia, BR-95701008 Bento Goncalves, RS, Brazil Inst Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Vacaria, BR-95200000 Vacaria, RS, Brazil Univ Caxias Sul CARVI, Lab Entomolgia, BR-95705266 Bento Goncalves, RS, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Ctr Estudos Insetos Sociais, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Ctr Estudos Insetos Sociais, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil

High infestations by the grapevine aphid Aphis illinoisensis (Hemiptera: Aphididae) have been observed in vineyards in southern Brazil, retarding plant growth and causing premature berry drop. This study evaluated the effect of insecticides on the control of the species in two experiments carried out in a greenhouse. The first control experiment for A. illinoisensis was conducted with seedlings of Vitis vinifera var. ‘Cabernet Franc’ to assess the effect of azadirachtin (Azamax®) at dosages of 2.4 and 3.6 mL a.i. (active ingredient)/100 L of water, with reapplication seven days after the first application (DAFA). To compare its effect, the neonicotinoids imidacloprid (Provado 200 SC®) and thiamethoxam (Actara 250 WG®) were sprayed at dosages of 8 mL or g a.i./100 L of water in foliar application without reapplication. The second experiment compared the effect on A. illinoisensis by spraying these neonicotinoids at dosages of 8 mL or g a.i./100 L in foliar applications and of 0.05 mL or g a.i./100 L applied in the soil. Evaluations were performed at 0, 1, 5, 7, 10 and 14 DAFA. Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam effectively controlled A. illinoisensis in both forms of application [soil and foliar], while azadirachtin at the dosage of 3.6 ml a.i./100 L reapplied seven days after the first application provided 55.7% control. In conclusion, A. illinoisensis can be controlled effectively by employing neonicotinoids in the soil, while azadirachtin can be an alternative to reduce infestation pressure. Key words: Grapevine aphid, chemical control, pest management, azadirachtin

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T16:56:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-08-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) FAPERGS (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Linepithema micans (Forel) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is the main ant species responsible for dispersal of Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Wille) (Hemiptera: Margarodidae), a root scale that damages grapevines in southern Brazil. The effects of different formulations of toxic baits based on boric acid and hydramethylnon to control L. micans and E. brasiliensis were evaluated. Toxic baits with boric acid (1.0%) mixed in different concentrations of inverted sugar (20%, 30%, and 40%), and hydramethylnon, mixed with sardines (paste), cassava flour and peanut, brown sugar (sucrose), or sardine oil-based gel, were evaluated in a greenhouse and in the field. In the greenhouse experiment, the number of foraging ants was significantly reduced in the pots where the hydramethylnon in sardine paste (Solid S), sardine oil-brown sugar-based gel (GEL SAM), and peanut oil-brown-sugar gel (GEL AM) formulations were applied. The GEL SAM toxic bait effectively reduced the infestation of L. micans, and could be used for indirect control of E. brasiliensis on young grapevines. Embrapa Uva & Vinho, Entomol Lab, Bento Goncalves, RS, Brazil Univ Fed Pelotas, Dept Fitossanidade, Pelotas, RS, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Ctr Estudos Insetos Sociais, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Ctr Estudos Insetos Sociais, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil

Species of thrips (Insecta, Thysanoptera) in two strawberry production systems in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Thrips are tiny insects responsible for the reduction of strawberry fruit quality. The work aimed to record and quantify the thysanopterofauna present in two strawberry production systems, low tunnel and semi-hydroponic. Leaves, flowers and fruits were collected weekly, from July 2005 to December 2006 in Caxias do Sul and Bom Princípio municipalities, RS. A total of 664 individuals were collected, representing two families, four genus and 10 species: Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande, 1895), F. schultzei (Trybom, 1910), F. rodeos Moulton, 1933, F. simplex (Priesner, 1924), F. williamsi (Hood, 1915), F. gemina (Bagnall, 1919), Frankliniella sp., Thrips tabaci (Lindeman, 1888), Thrips tabaci (Lindeman, 1888), Caliothrips fasciatus (Pergande 1895) from Thripidae and Heterothrips sp. from Heterothripidae. Frankliniella occidentalis represented 89.7% of the samples with 95.8% of the species collected in flowers, 3.9% in fruits and 0.8% in leaves. The results show that flowers are the most important food resource for these insects on strawberry plants. Frankliniella rodeos, F. simplex, F. williamsi, C. fasciatus, and Heterothrips sp. are new records on strawberry for Brazil.Espécies de tripes (Insecta, Thysanoptera) associadas à cultura do morangueiro em dois sistemas de produção no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Tripes são insetos diminutos responsáveis pela redução da qualidade dos frutos do morangueiro. O trabalho objetivou registrar e quantificar a tisanopterofauna presente em dois sistemas de produção de morangueiro, túnel baixo e semihidropônico. Folhas, flores e frutos foram coletados semanalmente, de julho de 2005 a dezembro de 2006 em Caxias do Sul e Bom Princípio, RS. Foram coletados 664 indivíduos pertencentes a duas famílias, quatro gêneros e 10 espécies: Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande, 1895), F. schultzei (Trybom, 1910), F. rodeos (Moulton, 1933), F. simplex (Priesner, 1924), F. williamsi (Hood, 1915), F. gemina (Bagnall, 1919), Frankliniella sp., Thrips tabaci (Lindeman, 1888) e Caliothrips fasciatus (Pergande, 1895) pertencentes a Thripidae, e Heterothrips sp. pertencente a Heterothripidae. Com 593 ocorrências, F. occidentalis representou 89,3% dos insetos coletados, com 87,9% dos indivíduos nas flores, 8,4% nas folhas e 3,7% nos frutos. Os resultados sugerem que as flores do morangueiro representam o recurso preferido pelos tripes. Frankliniella rodeos, F. simplex, F. williamsi, C. fasciatus e Heterothrips sp. são novos registros na cultura para o Brasil.

Linepithema micans (Forel) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is the main ant species responsible for the spread of Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Wille) (Hemiptera: Margarodidae), a soil scale that damages vine plants in southern Brazil. The daily foraging activity of L. micans and its seasonal preference for protein- and carbohydrate-based foods were evaluated. The study was carried out in a greenhouse using seedlings of the Paulsen 1103 rootstock (Vitis berlandieri × Vitis rupestris) planted individually in pots and infested with colonies of L. micans. To determine the daily foraging activity and seasonal preference, a cricket (Gryllus sp.) and a 70% solution of inverted sugar and water were offered once a month for 12 mo. The ants foraging on each food source were counted hourly for 24 h. L. micans foraged from dusk until the end of the next morning, with higher intensity in the spring and summer. Workers of L. micans showed changes in food preference during the year, with a predominance of protein-based...

Linepithema micans (Forel) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is the main ant species responsible for the spreading of Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Wille) (Hemiptera: Margarodidae), a soil scale that damages grapevine plants in southern Brazil. The effect of contact and ingestion of insecticides on the control of L. micans was evaluated in a greenhouse using grapevines (Vitis spp.) infested by L. micans. The insecticides thiamethoxam (250, 187.5, and 125 g/ha), fipronil (4, 5, and 50 ml/ha), and imidacloprid (650 g/ha) were sprayed on the ground, whereas toxic baits containing boric acid (0.5, 1.0, and 1.2%), pyriproxyfen (0.3 and 0.5%), and hydramethylnon (0.5%) were evaluated in different formulations. Hydramethylnon (toxic bait) and thiamethoxam (chemical barrier) were the most efficient active ingredients for the control of L. micans.

Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Wille) (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) is a soil scale that is considered the main pest of vineyards in Brazil. The ant Linepithema micans (Forel) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is frequently found associated with this species of scale in infested areas. The effect of the presence of L. micans on the infestation and dispersal capacity of E. brasiliensis on vine roots was measured in a greenhouse, using Paulsen 1103 rootstock seedlings planted in simple and double "Gallotti Cages." Treatments measured were: infestation of roots with E. brasiliensis or L. micans, and infestation with both species together. In the experiment using simple Gallotti Cages, with E. brasiliensis associated with L. micans, higher mean numbers of cysts and ants per plant were recorded, a result significantly different from that found for infestation with scale only. When double Gallotti Cages were used, first-instar nymphs were transported between the cages. The results showed that L. micans transports and aids in the attachment of E. brasiliensis to vine plants.

High infestations by the grapevine aphid Aphis illinoisensis (Hemiptera: Aphididae) have been observedin vineyards in southern Brazil, retarding plant growth and causing premature berry drop. This studyevaluated the effect of insecticides on the control of the species in two experiments carried out in agreenhouse. The first control experiment for A. illinoisensis was conducted with seedlings of Vitis viniferavar. ‘Cabernet Franc’ to assess the effect of azadirachtin (Azamax®) at dosages of 2.4 and 3.6 mL a.i.(active ingredient)/100 L of water, with reapplication seven days after the first application (DAFA). Tocompare its effect, the neonicotinoids imidacloprid (Provado 200 SC®) and thiamethoxam (Actara 250WG®) were sprayed at dosages of 8 mL or g a.i./100 L of water in foliar application without reapplication.The second experiment compared the effect on A. illinoisensis by spraying these neonicotinoids at dosagesof 8 mL or g a.i./100 L in foliar applications and of 0.05 mL or g a.i./100 L applied in the soil. Evaluationswere performed at 0, 1, 5, 7, 10 and 14 DAFA. Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam effectively controlled A.illinoisensis in both forms of application [soil and foliar], while azadirachtin at the dosage of 3.6 ml a.i./100L reapplied seven days after the first application provided 55.7% control. In conclusion, A. illinoisensis canbe controlled effectively by employing neonicotinoids in the soil, while azadirachtin can be an alternativeto reduce infestation pressure.

Linepithema micans (Forel) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is reported to occur from eastern Brazil to central Argentina in pasture or grassland, forest and second growth riparian forest, nesting under stones, rotting wood, and sandy soil. However, information on this species is poor and its ecological interactions and role as pests are unknown. Linepithema humile (Mayr), a closely related species to L. micans, known as the Argentine ant, is native to South America, and was accidentally introduced to several regions of the world. Recent studies have shown that other related species, such as L. micans, could become as pestiferous as L. humile because of its phylogenetic proximity. Samples of L. micans from different habitats in Southern Brazil were characterized by sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA. Sequences were compared to previously obtained sequences from samples of L. humile and the genetic distance and differences in the tRNALeu structure were investigated. Our data identified three haplotypes of L. micans, two of which were observed in ant populations closely associated with the Brazilian ground pearl Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Hempel) (Hemiptera: Margarodidae), a soil scale that is a serious pest of vineyards. The third haplotype was identified in ants from populations invading residences in urban habitats.

Linepithema micans Forel is a poorly studied species that is now considered a pest in vineyards in South Brazil. Larval characters have been used in a few phylogenetic studies, and their importance greatly depends in the amount of available information on different species. This study presents a complete panorama on the external morphology of the immatures of L. micans based on observations by light and scanning electron microscopy. The number of larval instars was estimated as three based on the frequency distribution of head widths of 965 larvae. Larvae of L. micans were similar to other Linepithema Mayr in the general format of body and mandibles, presenting a dorsal abdominal protuberance, nine pairs of spiracle, and unbranched hairs. On the other hand, L. micans was unique for having shorter hairs, predominantly denticulate, intraspecific variation in the number of antennal sensilla and in the types of sensilla on the labial palps were reported.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-01-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:26:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 nondillo_a_dr_rcla.pdf: 3172651 bytes, checksum: 53229dbd5914c1786c310cc4b6e56986 (MD5) A pérola-da-terra Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Wille, 1922) (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) – cochonilha de raiz- é a principal praga da videira no Brasil, pois ao sugar a seiva da planta pode causar redução na produção e sua morte. A dispersão da cochonilha é realizada por formigas que se associam aos cistos em busca dos excrementos açucarados. Este trabalho objetivou determinar a diversidade da fauna de formigas presente em parreirais com a presença de pérola-da-terra nos Estados do Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina; conhecer a interação de Linepithema micans (Forel, 1908) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) e E. brasiliensis em raízes de videira; conhecer aspectos da bioecologia de L. micans como a descrição de larvas, o ciclo de vida sazonal e a atividade de forrageamento; avaliar a atratividade de substâncias açucaradas e ricas em proteínas e lipídios e avaliar o efeito de inseticidas e formulações de iscas tóxicas visando o controle de L. micans. No levantamento realizado no Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina, L. micans foi classificada como muito abundante, dominante e muito frequente em todas as localidades amostradas. Em relação a interação entre estes dois organismos, os resultados revelaram que L. micans transporta e auxilia na fixação de E. brasiliensis nas raízes da videira. As larvas apresentam traços típicos do gênero Linepithema (Mayr, 1866), em relação ao formato geral do corpo e da mandíbula, a presença de uma protuberância abdominal dorsal, nove pares de espiráculos e pelos simples. O ciclo de vida sazonal de L. micans em parreirais tem início no final do inverno (julho - agosto) e começo da primavera (setembro) com o aumento da oviposição pelas rainhas. Durante os meses quentes do ano foi possível observar um número maior de ninhos dispersos nos parreirais, constituídos principalmente por ovos e pupas... The ground-pearl Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Wille, 1922) (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) is a soil scale considered as the main pest of vineyards in Brazil, because while sucking the plant sap it causes production reduction and death. The dispersion of ground-pearl is made by ants that associate to cysts in search of sugary excretions. The main objectives of this work were: to determine the diversity of ant fauna present in vineyards with the presence of ground-pearl in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina; to know the interaction between Linepithema micans (Forel, 1908) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and E. brasiliensis in vine roots; to know aspects of L. micans’ bioecology, such as description of the larvae, seasonal life cycle, and foraging activity; and to evaluate the attractiveness of sweet and highfat and -protein substances and to evaluate the effect of insecticides and toxic bait formulations aimed to control L. micans. In a survey conducted in Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina L. micans was classified as very abundant, dominant and very common in all cities sampled. As regards the interaction between these organisms, the results revealed that L. micans transports and aids the fixation of E. brasiliens in vine plants. The larvae of L. micans displayed typical traits of the genus Linepithema Mayr as regards general body and mandible shape, the presence of a dorsalabdominal protuberance, nine pairs of spiracles, and simple hairs. The seasonal life cycle of L. micans in vineyards began in late winter (July-August) and early spring (September) with the deposition of eggs by queens. During the warm months of the year it was possible to observe a larger number of nests spread throughout the vineyards, consisting primarily of eggs and pupae. During the winter the colonies were composed by workers, with predominance of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Wille) (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) is a soil scale that is considered the main pest of vineyards in Brazil. The ant Linepithema micans (Forel) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is frequently found associated with this species of scale in infested areas. The effect of the presence of L. micans on the infestation and dispersal capacity of E. brasiliensis on vine roots was measured in a greenhouse, using Paulsen 1103 rootstock seedlings planted in simple and double ?Gallotti Cages.? Treatments measured were: infestation of roots with E. brasiliensis or L. micans, and infestation with both species together. In the experiment using simple Gallotti Cages, with E. brasiliensis associated with L. micans, higher mean numbers of cysts and ants per plant were recorded, a result signiÞcantly different from that found for infestation with scale only. When double Gallotti Cages were used, Þrst-instar nymphs were transported between the cages. The results showed that L. micans transports and aids in the attachment of E. brasiliensis to vine plants. Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-23T06:51:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 en13004.pdf: 223489 bytes, checksum: 0c254f8e812454bbf2d0730d6b0b02c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-11