Search

Can archaeobotanical material be treated as a nomenclatural type of a fossil taxon? Here we show that archaeobotanical taxa should be named according to the rules for non‐fossil taxa. Examples of archaeobotanical taxa are summarized and discussed. A best‐practice guide for the correct treatment of archaeological plant remains as the type of a new name is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clean energy (including hydropower, wind power, solar power, nuclear power, etc.) provides an effective solution to deal with the issue of environmental protection and alleviate the depletion pressure of traditional fossil energy. However, in real practices, there are also many barriers that can challenge the accommodation of clean energy, including geographical condition, economy growth, energy endowment, technology limitation and so on. Due to regional discrepancies, unevenly distribution of power resources and electricity consumption, it is also a challenge for China Southern Power Grid (CSG) to utilize clean energy. To better develop clean energy, CSG has put a series of efforts, include: the long-transmission power network construction, power market support, dispatch optimization, technology innovation, etc. This paper mainly reviews the challenges and practices for the accommodation of clean energy in CSG. The corresponding outcome and future trends are also comprehensively introduced. It is expected through this paper, the case of CSG can inspire the development and accommodation of clean energy, as well as can provide beneficial references to other worldwide regions.

This paper therefore looks closer into climate gas emission and the shift to non-fossil energy in Sweden. What types of organizations are behind the shift to non-fossil energy use, what are the relative effects on emissions, to what extent can these interactive dynamics be considered eco-innovations? Do these effects vary between public and private organizations, and if so, can they be related to specific institutions and policies? Methods include statistical survival analyses, in particular Cox regression. These analyses inform us why energy sources shift. Results indicate that wood fuel and solid waste increase as sources of energy while fossil oil has decreased between 2003 and 2010. This result is in line with industrial and environmental policies of the Swedish governments that present these facts as institutionally and policy-related 'green innovation'. However, our analysis contests such a conclusion and it is noticed that the shift to non-fossil sources of energy has not led to verifiable decreases in green-house gas emissions. Results instead suggest that 'green' innovation of non-fossil energy was mostly the effect of low-tech innovation in public organizations with no fundamental effect on CO emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiocarbon ( 14 C) measurements of both organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) allow a more detailed source apportionment, leading to a full and unambiguous distinction and quantification of the contributions from non-fossil and fossil sources. A thermal-optical method with a commercial OC/EC analyzer to isolate water-insoluble OC (WIOC) and EC for their subsequent 14 C measurement was applied for the first time to filtered precipitation samples collected at a costal site in Portugal and at a continental site in Switzerland. Our results show that WIOC in precipitation is dominated by non-fossil sources such as biogenic and biomass-burning emissions regardless of rain origins and seasons, whereas EC sources are shared by fossil-fuel combustion and biomass burning. In addition, monthly variation of WIOC in Switzerland was characterized by higher abundance in warm than in cold seasons, highlighting the importance of biogenic emissions to particulate carbon in rainwater. Samples with high particulate carbon concentrations in Portugal were found to be associated with increased biogenic input. Despite the importance of non-fossil sources, fossil emissions account for approximately 20% of particulate carbon in wet deposition for our study, which is in line with fossil contribution in bulk rainwater dissolved organic carbon as well as aerosol WIOC and EC estimated by the 14 C approach from other studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]