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Opinion 129 addresses the status of Firmicutes corrig. Gibbons and Murray 1978 (Approved Lists 1980). The name has the category 'division' and was included in the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, although that category had previously been removed from the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (1975 revision onwards). When the category 'phylum' was introduced into the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) in 2021, equivalence between 'phylum' and 'division' was not stipulated. Since the definition of the taxonomic categories and their relative order is one of the principal tasks of every code of nomenclature, the inclusion of Firmicutes corrig. Gibbons and Murray 1978 in the Approved Lists was an error. The name is either not validly published or illegitimate because its category is not covered by the ICNP. If Firmicutes corrig. Gibbons and Murray 1978 (Approved Lists 1980) was a validly published phylum name, it would be illegitimate because it would contravene Rule 8, which does not permit any deviation from the requirement to derive a phylum name from the name of the type genus. Since Firmicutes corrig. Gibbons and Murray 1978 is also part of a 'misfitting megaclassification' recognized in Opinion 128, the name is rejected, without any pre-emption regarding a hypothetically validly published name Firmicutes at the rank of phylum. Gracilicutes Gibbons and Murray 1978 (Approved Lists 1980) and Anoxyphotobacteriae Gibbons and Murray 1978 (Approved Lists 1980) are also rejected. The validly published phylum names have a variety of advantages over their not validly published counterparts and cannot be replaced with ad hoc names suggested in the literature. To ease the transition, it is recommended to mention the not validly published phylum names which strongly deviate in spelling from their validly published counterparts along with the latter in publications during the next years.

The field of Huntingtons disease research covers many different scientific disciplines, from molecular biology all the way through to clinical practice, and as our understanding of the disease has progressed over the decades, a great deal of different terminology has accrued. The field is also renowned for its collaborative spirit and use of standardized reagents, assays, datasets, models, and clinical measures, so the use of standardized terms is especially important. We have set out to determine, through a consensus exercise involving basic and clinical scientists working in the field, the most appropriate language to use across disciplines. Nominally, this article will serve as the style guide for the Journal of Huntingtons Disease (JHD), the only journal devoted exclusively to HD, and we lay out the preferred and standardized terminology and nomenclature for use in JHD publications. However, we hope that this article will also serve as a useful resource to the HD research community at large and that these recommended naming conventions will be adopted widely.

The presented guidelines are an update of the position paper, endorsed by the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF), on nomenclature of bone markers published over 2 decades ago. Novel insight into bone biology and pathophysiology of bone disorders has highlighted the increasing relevance of new and known mediators implicated in various aspects of bone metabolism. This updated guideline proposes the nomenclature Bone Status Indices (BSI) as the comprehensive classification rather than bone turnover markers, bone markers, metabolic markers of bone turnover or metabolic markers of bone turnover, that are currently in use for the implicated molecules. On behalf of the IFCC Committee on Bone Metabolism and the Joint IOF Working Group and IFCC Committee on Bone Metabolism, the authors propose standardized nomenclature, abbreviations and measurement units for the bone status indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anti-synthetase syndrome constitutes a dynamically evolving subset of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy, however, the nomenclature and abbreviations for this syndrome are plagued by heterogeneity, leading to lack of consistency in literature. The objective of this study is to evaluate existing diversity in disease names and abbreviations, with a future goal to develop consensus on the nomenclature. A scoping review format was used for analysis. A comprehensive PUBMED search was conducted from January 1, 1984 (the initial description of anti-synthetase autoantibodies) to November 30, 2023, encompassing all pertinent articles published within this timeframe. Search terms included, ((antisynthetase syndrome) OR (anti synthetase syndrome)) OR (anti-synthetase syndrome)). The articles were screened for presence of terminology and abbreviations used. The search yielded 936 items with the specified terms. After excluding 303 irrelevant articles and 58 non-English publications, the remaining n = 575 articles underwent detailed review of the abstract and full article. Out of n = 575, 54.7% (n = 314) used 'antisynthetase syndrome' and 43.4% (n = 249) preferred 'anti-synthetase syndrome' with few novel names also. Among these, 394 articles used abbreviations while 181 did not. Most utilized term was ASS; in 64.7% (n = 255), followed AS in 11.9% (n = 47), ASSD in 9.9% (n = 39) and ASyS in 7.6% (n = 30). A discordance in nomenclature is evident, with about half using antisynthetase syndrome and other half using anti-synthetase syndrome. Moreover, significant heterogeneity exists in abbreviation use aswell. There is a pressing need to bridge this disparity and establish a uniform identifier for the disease with an objective to develop greater coherence in future research, educational initiatives, and interdisciplinary collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Pasvik State Nature Reserve is situated in the Arctic zone and its chrysophyte flora is poorly studied. The diversity of the golden-brown algae (chrysophytes) from the Paz river, as well as the peat-bog on its bank, has been investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. Overall, 34 chrysophyte taxa have been recorded. They represent fifteen genera from five orders. A new species of Synura, S. skaloudiorum, has been described. Morphologically, it resembles S. hibernica, a species restricted in its distribution to Ireland and Newfoundland, but differs mainly in size and structure of the apical scales. Nomenclatural issues on the selected chrysophyte taxa are discussed. The name Kephyrion starmachii was invalidly published, and it was validated. The new nomenclatural combination Chrysothecopsis tubulosus has been proposed. Also, Dinobryon sertularia var. annulatum Shi and Wei has been synonymized with D. annulatum Hilliard and Asmund. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species, Epitranus longicaudatus sp. nov., is described with illustrations from South India, expanding the genus Epitranus Walker to 73 species globally and 18 from India. The new species is compared with the congeneric species E. salinae Narendran, originally described from Malaysia. Both E. longicaudatus sp. nov. and E. salinae are easily identified within the monotypic subfamily in having large metasoma, more than twice as long as petiole and having gastral terga following the first, telescopic and retracted beneath the first. E. salinae is also diagnosed and illustrated using digital images for the first time. These two species complex is the largest of all described Epitranus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesopsammic polyclad members in the family Boniniidae have attracted attention in terms of their evolutionary shifts of microhabitat and their unique morphology such as a pair of pointed tentacles extending from the anterolateral margins and prostatoid organs harbouring stylets. Here, we establish a new species of this family as Boninia panamensis sp. nov. from the Pacific coasts of Panama, based on its morphological characteristics of (i) four cerebral and 61–80 marginal eyespots, (ii) two prostatoid organs located anterior and posterior to the penis papilla, and (iii) two uterine canals departing from the anterior part of the Lang's vesicle. We also report Boninia cf. uru from Hawai'i, USA, based on its morphological identity with B. uru from Okinawa, Japan, along with their genetic distances for the partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences, which were beyond the range of intraspecific differences observed in congeners in this study. Boninia oaxaquensis is also reported from Panama as a new locality for the species. Involving the above-mentioned three species sequenced herein, we reconstructed molecular phylogenetic trees of Boninia based on the four gene markers (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, 16S rDNA and COI). Our phylogenetic trees indicated the synapomorphy within the genus Boninia of the small numbers of stylets (2–4) and the connection route of the uterine canals to the Lang's vesicle. The results also showed a characteristic distribution pattern in which pairs of species in distinct lineages occurred sympatrically with different microhabitats, as observed in Boninia uru and Boninia yambarensis in Okinawa and B. panamensis sp. nov. and B. oaxaquensis in Panama. In addition, we discuss possible speciation pathways in this genus based on the tree topology. ZooBank: Boniniidae is a family of marine polyclad flatworms harbouring nine named species distributed worldwide. We describe a new boniniid species, Boninia panamensis from the Pacific coasts of Panama based on morphological and molecular data. We also report Boninia cf. uru from Hawai'i and Boninia oaxaquensis from Panama along with morphological descriptions. In addition, we discuss synapomorphic traits and possible speciation pathways in this genus based on the reconstructed molecular phylogenetic results using 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, 16S rDNA and COI. (Photograph by Marco Curini-Galletti.) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We review currently available Canadian and international lithostratigraphic and lithodemic schemes and find most of them inadequate for classifying intrusive and strongly metamorphosed rocks of Canada and beyond. A new system is proposed, one that unifies, complements, and extends components of the revised North American Stratigraphic Code, the British Geological Survey Rock Unit Classification System of 2021, and the International Stratigraphic Guide of 1999. This new Cooperative Lithodemic and Stratigraphic System (CLASS) is intended to serve as a practical guide to geoscientists who need to classify and report on lithodemic units in North America and has broad applicability to other jurisdictions. It is built with database management practices in mind and employs the concept of inheritance of root characteristics between seven formal rock unit ranks, which will allow incorporation of the scheme into compact object-oriented and relational databases designed for purpose. Broad application of CLASS, especially to historically problematic lithodemic units, should help to foster jurisdictional interoperability, data sharing, global compilations, and thematic studies. At the heart of this proposed system is a subdivision and accompanying nomenclature that allows classification of rocks into seven formal ranks. Following the well-established lithostratigraphic supergroup, group, subgroup, formation, member, submember, and bed approach, CLASS proposes three classes of lithodemic subdivisions for formally naming lithodemic rock units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Festuca marginata group includes several taxa of glaucous, thick-leaved fescues with three sclerenchyma strands, first described by Hackel as Festuca ovina subsp. laevis, which are common in the Euro-Mediterranean area. Ten different taxa (species and subspecies) are currently recognized in this group. Nevertheless, taxonomical works typically have only a local (mostly national) scope, and the recognized taxa show only few or negligible morphological differences, making their separate taxonomic status doubtful. Here we provide morphological, karyological, and genetic analysis (ISSR, flow cytometry) of the Festuca marginata group based on populations in a larger geographical scale including Central and Southern-Eastern Europe. We found that most of the local taxa are difficult to definitively distinguish and we suggest the whole group be treated as a single species, Festuca marginata, with two subspecies reflecting major differences in morphology and genome size between the Greece subsp. heldreichii and the remaining European populations, referred to as subsp. marginata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biscutella incana is endemic to the southern Apennine Peninsula (Italy) and was first described by Michele Tenore in 1826 from Calabria. It belongs to B. ser. Levigatae, the most morphologically diversified and critical series within the genus. In order to fix the application of this name, a lectotype housed in NAP was designated here. An updated and detailed morphological description, distribution and information about habitat and phenology are provided. Furthermore, a chromosome count made on a new population discovered in Dolomiti Lucane (Basilicata, southern Italy), confirmed that B. incana is diploid (2n = 18). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the nomenclature surrounding professional services staff within higher education in the UK. Taking a case study method, it uses a qualitative approach to understand the term 'non-academic' to describe the diverse range of professional services roles. Both professional services and academic staff were interviewed and there is a difference in opinions among all staff as to the views around the term. It illustrates the importance of using professional services to describe staff who may not have an academic role. It evidences respect is important to individuals in whatever role they may hold within an institution. While there are several pertinent issues currently being discussed in higher education, such as educational technology and the need for vocational qualifications, this is still an important issue that has been ongoing for many years and as such still deserves attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lasiosiphon Fresen. (Thymelaeaceae: Thymelaeoideae) is now understood to be a morphologically diverse genus distributed across southern and tropical Africa, Madagascar, and India. It is diagnosed morphologically by ± involucrate, mostly pedunculate heads of pentamerous or tetramerous flowers, with or without petaloid scales, and a bright yellow, orange, or red corolla. The taxonomic history of Lasiosiphon has been marked by several revisions in its circumscription and status, particularly regarding its relationship with Gnidia L. Our phylogenetic analysis of nuclear (ITS) and plastid (matK, rbcL, rps16 and trnL-F) regions of an expanded sampling of the tropical African species of Gnidia provides compelling supporting evidence for existing morphological evidence to include all the tropical African species of Gnidia in Lasiosiphon. We accordingly provide 31 new combinations in Lasiosiphon for species of Gnidia that currently lack combinations in that genus. We also provide a comprehensive nomenclator of all currently recognized Lasiosiphon species at the regional level encompassing their distribution across different geographic regions globally. This will serve as the framework for future taxonomic revisions in the genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the Apocynaceae as an example, the present paper demonstrates how the new tool Rhakhis highlights taxonomic problems in a large vascular plant family and, at the same time, invites specialists in the family to solve these problems with the aim of producing an up‐to‐date taxonomy. This taxonomy can then be used to estimate species and genus numbers, thus approaching the goal of completing our picture of the diversity surrounding us and providing a solid basis for science and conservation. The most recent estimates for genus and species number in the Apocynaceae are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Croton palustris (≡ Caperonia palustris) and Croton castaneifolius (≡ Caperonia castaneifolia) were published by Linnaeus in the first edition of Species plantarum. Both names remain untypified at present. While syntypes are extant for C. palustris there is no known original material for C. castaneifolius. Here, a lectotype is selected for C. palustris and a neotype is selected for C. castaneifolius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This paper delves into the intricacies of botanical nomenclature, specifically focusing on the interpretation and application of Art. 20.2 of the International Code of Nomenclature (ICN). It critically analyzes the case of Delicata Krammer, against the backdrop of Art. 20.2. The investigation shows that Delicata does not coincide with any established Latin technical term used in morphology and hence fulfills the ICN requirements, confirming its validity. This finding highlights the need for clearer guidelines in distinguishing descriptive Latin terms from technical terms used in morphology. This paper contributes to the ongoing discourse in botanical taxonomy by advocating for revised practices and interpretations of nomenclatural rules, ensuring stability and precision in the naming of taxa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Argyreia Lour. is a speciose genus in the Convolvulaceae. However, the genus contains several problematic species complexes due to their morphological similarity. In this study, we aimed to resolve the Argyreia collinsiae complex, which consists of four similar operational taxonomic units (OTUs), i.e., A. collinsiae (Craib) Na Songkhla & Traiperm, A. dokmaihom Traiperm & Staples, A. versicolor (Kerr) Staples & Traiperm, and a peculiar OTU typically known as the large-bract morphotype of A. collinsiae. Following morphological comparison and phenetic analysis, all four OTUs were found to be distinct. However, the large-bract morphotype of A. collinsiae was confirmed to be more closely related to the original morphotype of A. collinsiae than to the other two species. Species distribution modeling (SDM) was then conducted for both morphotypes of A. collinsiae, revealing different geographical ranges of suitable habitat for each. In conclusion, the large-bract morphotype of A. collinsiae was described in this study as a new subspecies, A. collinsiae subsp. megabracteata Traiperm & Srisombat, subsp. nov., based on morphological differences and separate geographic range. We also provide here an identification key, description, detailed illustrations, distribution data, and ecological notes of the new subspecies. An updated description of A. versicolor and an assessment of its conservation status were also prepared since the original description was based solely on dried herbarium specimens and lacks key details. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce a novel notation system for pancreatectomy designed to provide a clear and concise representation of surgical procedures. As surgical techniques and the scope of pancreatic surgeries continue to diversify, existing communication methods among medical professionals regarding the specifics of the surgeries have proven inadequate. Our proposed notation system clearly indicates the approach (open, laparoscopic, or robot‐assisted), type of surgery (e.g., pancreatoduodenectomy, distal pancreatectomy), and extent of resection and accompanying resected organs or vasculature. These elements are all recorded in this order by using abbreviations. For example, a pancreatoduodenectomy with pancreatic transection just above the SMA and combined resection of the SMV would be noted as "OPD(hb')‐SMV". This new notation system allows for concise expression of the essential information on performed procedures of pancreatic resection, leading to smooth information sharing. This initiative is an essential step towards standardizing pancreatic surgery documentation on a global scale. Here, we present the development and application of this system, highlighting its potential to transform surgical communication and documentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neritic, long‐beaked common dolphins have been described as species distinct from the more oceanic and globally distributed short‐beaked species, Delphinus delphis, although recent molecular studies have challenged this view. In the eastern North Pacific (ENP), the taxonomic status of the long‐beaked (bairdii) form has been controversial since its original description in 1873, and has vacillated between species, subspecies, and geographic forms several times. It is currently provisionally viewed as a subspecies of Delphinus delphis, D. d. bairdii. To clarify this situation, we reviewed the literature and conducted additional analyses using both newly obtained genetic and cranial morphometric data sets. The results indicate that there are diagnostic differences in skull morphology and coloration between the eastern Pacific long‐and short‐beaked forms, and near‐perfect diagnosability in mitochondrial DNA. These differences, along with indications of ecological distinctions, including important differences in life history parameters and reproductive timing, indicate that these forms are well on their way down separate evolutionary pathways. As such, we consider them to be distinct species in the eastern Pacific. The long‐beaked species is referable to Delphinus bairdii Dall, 1873, and is redescribed as such herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Rare yeasts species are increasingly reported as causative agents of invasive human infection. Proper identification and antifungal therapy are essential to manage these infections. Candida blankii is one of these emerging pathogens and is known for its reduced susceptibility to multiple antifungals. Methods: To obtain more insight into the characteristics of this species, 26 isolates reported as C. blankii were investigated using genetic and phenotypical approaches. Results: Among the 26 isolates, seven recovered either from blood, sputum, urine, or the oral cavity, displayed substantial genetic and some phenotypical differences compared to the other isolates, which were confirmed as C. blankii. We consider these seven strains to represent a novel species, Tardiomyces depauwii. Phylogenomics assigned C. blankii, C. digboiensis, and the novel species in a distinct branch within the order Dipodascales, for which the novel genus Tardiomyces is erected. The new combinations Tardiomyces blankii and Tardiomyces digboiensis are introduced. Differences with related, strictly environmental genera Sugiyamaella, Crinitomyces, and Diddensiella are enumerated. All three Tardiomyces species share the rare ability to grow up to 42 °C, display slower growth in nutrient-poor media, and show a reduced susceptibility to azoles and echinocandins. Characteristics of T. depauwii include high MIC values with voriconazole and a unique protein pattern. Conclusion: We propose the novel yeast species Tardiomyces depauwii and the transfer of C. blankii and C. digboiensis to the novel Tardiomyces genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, there has been increased focus on the origins and history of common names for organisms, especially birds. Of particular interest are eponymous common names that reflect our colonial past. While identification of alternative names can be straightforward for some species, for those that migrate across jurisdictions including the lands of multiple Traditional Owner/Indigenous groups, reaching consensus on a single name that reflects the features of the species and their cultural importance can be substantially more complex. Using the migratory Ardenna carneipes as a case study, we propose a new common name (Sable Shearwater) for the species and discuss the many challenges that others will need to consider when navigating this important yet sensitive space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We detail the diatom taxa described by F.T. Kützing across three of his publications that have been referred to the diatom genera Epithemia and Rhopalodia. Taxa considered include Frustulia adnata, F. picta, E. alpestris, E. musculus, E. porcellus, E. proboscidea, E. sorex, E. ventricosa, E. vertagus, E. ventricosa β. gregaria and E. reticulata. For these 12 taxa, this represents the first time Kützing’s specimens have been illustrated with light microscopy. Most of the material consulted here is from the Natural History Museum, London, though we also reviewed material from the Academy of Natural Sciences for E. adnata. We present light microscope images of the Kützing taxa and complement these observations with images of the type slides, material packets and both herbarium (unpublished) and published drawings. In some cases, modern concepts of Kützing species are supported, but in others it is likely that species concepts will be changed by the specimens in the type material. Lectotypes are designated for Epithemia adnata and Epithemia reticulata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe ISA Nomenclature Committee met at the XIX International Symposium of Amyloidosis in Rochester, MN, 27 May 2024. The in-person event was followed by many electronic discussions, resulting in the current updated recommendations. The general nomenclature principles are unchanged. The total number of human amyloid fibril proteins is now 42 of which 19 are associated with systemic deposition, while 4 occur with either localised or systemic deposits. Most systemic amyloidoses are caused by the presence of protein variants which promote misfolding. However, in the cases of AA and ATTR the deposits most commonly consist of wild-type proteins and/or their fragments. One peptide drug, previously reported to create local iatrogenic amyloid deposits at its injection site, has been shown to induce rare instances of systemic deposition. The number of described animal amyloid fibril proteins is now 16, 2 of which are unknown in humans. Recognition of the importance of intracellular protein aggregates, which may have amyloid or amyloid-like properties, in many neurodegenerative diseases is rapidly increasing and their significance is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During revisionary work on the genus Rhynchosia Lour. in India, it was observed that four names need to be typified to stabilize their nomenclatural use. As a result, lectotypes are designated for the four names, namely, Rhynchosia cana (Willd.) DC., R. falconeri Baker, R. filipes Benth., and R. veutina Wight & Arn. The original protologs of these names along with the original herbarium material were evaluated. Nomenclatural remarks discussing the selection of type specimens are given for each name and known isolectotypes are also cited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the specific epithet of Cordia gharaf (Forssk.) Ehrenb. ex Asch. (1879) is having priority over the name Cordia sinensis Lam. (1792), the latter name has been used as an accepted one in the recent literature and plant name websites. The nomenclatural history of the species especially in the Indian context is discussed in detail and also pondered on the implications of uncritical following of the websites by the authors/editors leading to nomenclatural errors. The accepted name and their synonyms are provided along with their Indian vernacular names and the distribution of this species in Indian states/union territories are updated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent changes to the generic classification of Megachilini necessitate several nomenclatural changes for species of the tribe. Four specific epithets were considered junior homonyms in a retrograde classification of Megachile Latreille and were therefore renamed. These epithets are resurrected as they are no longer congeneric with their senior homonyms (ICZN: Art. 59.4), and their former replacements are now considered junior synonyms: Callomegachile (Callomegachile) elegans (Cheesman) (= Chalicodoma (Callomegachile) cheesmanae Michener, new synonymy), Callomegachile (Callomegachile) gigas (Wu) (= Megachile (Callomegachile) parornata Chatthanabun, Warrit, and Ascher, new synonymy), Chelostomoides (Chelostomoides) pedalis Raw (= Megachile (Chelostomoides) rawi Engel, new synonymy), Megachile (Creightonella) aurantiaca Rebmann (= Megachile (Creightonella) taftanica Engel, new synonymy). In addition, four replacement names (nomina nova) are established: Megachile (Chelostomoda) zyzzyx Engel (for Megachile (Chelostomoda) indica (Gupta)), M. (Eurymella) bakololo Engel (for Megachile (Eurymella) zambesica Pasteels), Coelioxys silaneg Engel (for Coelioxys genalis Pasteels), and Coelioxys qi Engel (for Coelioxys brevicaudatus Friese). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of Acanthaceae, Justicia guerrerensis, is described from a limited region of the state of Guerrero in southwestern Mexico. In several morphological characters, it resembles J. ixtlania, a widespread species that occurs in several states to the northwest of Guerrero. A key is presented to distinguish these two species. Images of the holotype and macromorphological features of J. guerrerensis are provided. Additional comparisons between J. guerrerensis and J. ixtlania via SEM images of pollen and a distribution map are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent discovery of Psilotum × intermedium in Mexico prompted us to reassess the nomenclature of this genus, which has global implications. From an extensive review of nomenclatural types and herbarium specimens, field collections, and a morpho-anatomical analysis, P. nudum and P. flaccidum are treated as accepted species, while P. × complanatum is treated as an interspecific hybrid between them. With this clarification, we specify their main synonymies and designate seven lectotypes (for Bernhardia schiedeana, Psilotum complanatum var. latissimum, P. complanatum var. mexicanum, P. floridanum, P. neocaledonicum, P. triquetrum, P. triquetrum var. gracile) and we select an epitype to give taxonomic support to the hybrid. We provide descriptions, diagnostic comments, and a key for identification of the accepted taxa, and also update the geographical ranges of these three taxa, mainly in Neotropics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Actinocyclus ingens Rattray is a useful stratigraphic marker. It has been sub-divided into several 'forms' because of a presumed high degree of morphological variability: it is considered a 'polymorphic species'. The type specimens of Actinocyclus ingens, Coscinodiscus elegans Grev., Cosmiodiscus elegans Grev., and Coscinodiscus perikompsos var. curta Rattray are examined and commentary is made on the meaning of sub-specific categories. For nomenclatural reasons, detailed within, Actinocyclus ingens requires a new name. This paper primarily concerns names. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iris scariosa is a rhizomatous perennial whose taxonomy and distribution range still remain unclear. The results of our examination of literature, specimens, and wild plants have shown that I. glaucescens, described from Kazakhstan, and I. timofejewii, considered to be endemic to the Republic of Dagestan, Russia, are very closely related to I. scariosa. We have carried out molecular phylogenetic analyses for the first time to clarify the taxonomy of I. scariosa. For this, we sequenced six chloroplast DNA regions of an extended sampling that comprised the accepted species I. glaucescens and I. timofejewii, which has revealed their strong affinity to the accession of I. scariosa from the vicinity of Astrakhan, Russia. A thorough revision of the morphological characters has confirmed the lack of evident differences between I. scariosa and I. timofejewii. Thus, the analyses support a broad species circumscription of I. scariosa. We here reduce I. timofejewii, as well as I. curvifolia, considered to be endemic to Xinjiang, western China, to synonymy of I. scariosa. Color illustrations, updated nomenclature, and data on distribution of I. scariosa are provided. A lectotype for I. astrachanica and a neotype for I. timofejewii are designated here. Also, the phylogenetic relationships within I. subg. Iris are outlined, and an updated classification of the subgenus is proposed. We have recovered six major lineages within four major clades which we recognize as sections. Here, we propose two new nomenclatural combinations, a revised taxonomic treatment, and a new identification key to I. subg. Iris. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lessons learned from a review of the UK COVID-19 vaccination programme included the need for improved data sharing. Achieving this will require a sensitive balance between existing data protection legislation, investment in the replacement of legacy systems and an appreciation of the variation in nomenclature used in different sectors (and even within the same sector). Future pandemics may affect different population groups, and the public and media need to understand the definitional and data constraints that could impact the identification of 'at-risk' groups. This is particularly important for any associated vaccination rollout. This article illustrates the complexities that can be involved in these data processes, including definitional practicalities relating to certain potential at-risk groups, existing limitations on available data, the need to ask the right questions, the use of data by the media and pressure groups and the importance of sound data. The authors believe that the points raised can contribute to the ongoing debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the names of 801 five-star hotels across the Chinese mainland, quantitatively analyzing syllable length, geographical names (city and province names), and common terms within six regions and thirty-one provinces. The research aims to elucidate the lexical characteristics evident in the names of these luxury hotels from a geolinguistic perspective, thus offering insights into China's linguistic culture. The analysis revealed that the prevalence of five-star hotels correlates significantly with economic size and geographical location. Notable regional differences were observed in the usage of syllable counts and geographical names, with marked distinctions between the north and south, and more subtle variations between the east and west. The employment of city names was particularly prominent. The term jiudian 酒店 emerged as the most frequently used common term, especially in the Central South and Northwest, while fandian 飯店 was more commonly used in the Southwest, North China, and Northeast. Additionally, a diverse array of common terms characterized the nomenclature in the East China region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dualities of benzene derivatives often make basic organic chemistry challenging for students. This includes the relationship between full structural and line-angle formulas, the distinctions between preferred and systematic IUPAC names for benzene derivatives, and the nuances between ortho-, para-, and meta-directors. To effectively demonstrate these dualities of benzene derivatives, we have designed a range of teaching aids rooted in the folk toy, Jacob's ladder. This paper presents lectures designed for advanced placement high school students and nonchemistry majors, employing this innovative series of Jacob's ladder-based teaching aids. The majority of students found the lecture engaging, and many developed a comprehensive understanding of the dualities of benzene derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principal limitations of the terms NAFLD and NASH are the reliance on exclusionary confounder terms and the use of potentially stigmatising language. This study set out to determine if content experts and patient advocates were in favour of a change in nomenclature and/or definition. A modified Delphi process was led by three large pan-national liver associations. The consensus was defined a priori as a supermajority (67%) vote. An independent committee of experts external to the nomenclature process made the final recommendation on the acronym and its diagnostic criteria. A total of 236 panellists from 56 countries participated in 4 online surveys and 2 hybrid meetings. Response rates across the 4 survey rounds were 87%, 83%, 83%, and 78%, respectively. Seventy-four percent of respondents felt that the current nomenclature was sufficiently flawed to consider a name change. The terms "nonalcoholic" and "fatty" were felt to be stigmatising by 61% and 66% of respondents, respectively. Steatotic liver disease was chosen as an overarching term to encompass the various aetiologies of steatosis. The term steatohepatitis was felt to be an important pathophysiological concept that should be retained. The name chosen to replace NAFLD was metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). There was consensus to change the definition to include the presence of at least 1 of 5 cardiometabolic risk factors. Those with no metabolic parameters and no known cause were deemed to have cryptogenic steatotic liver disease. A new category, outside pure metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, termed metabolic and alcohol related/associated liver disease (MetALD), was selected to describe those with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, who consume greater amounts of alcohol per week (140-350 g/wk and 210-420 g/wk for females and males, respectively). The new nomenclature and diagnostic criteria are widely supported and non-stigmatising, and can improve awareness and patient identification.

A new species, Epitranus longicaudatus sp. nov., is described with illustrations from South India, expanding the genus Epitranus Walker to 73 species globally and 18 from India. The new species is compared with the congeneric species E. salinae Narendran, originally described from Malaysia. Both E. longicaudatus sp. nov. and E. salinae are easily identified within the monotypic subfamily in having large metasoma, more than twice as long as petiole and having gastral terga following the first, telescopic and retracted beneath the first. E. salinae is also diagnosed and illustrated using digital images for the first time. These two species complex is the largest of all described Epitranus.

We report on curation and digitization experiences of a large collection of Bryozoa (>19,759 of estimated 38,000 lots digitized, >1,000 type lots). Storage of one to two histology slides in capped glass vials and larger series in twenty-five-slot histology boxes is optimal. Bulk dry material is stored in acid-free containers (cardboard, plastic). Fluid specimens are stored in 70 percent ethanol, with small specimens housed in 20 ml scintillation vials with conical polypropylene lined screw caps. Digitizing is most effective by georeferencing immediately. Unidentified material should at least be roughly identified (family, genus) to encourage loans and ensuing expert identification. Taxonomy and nomenclature are challenging and require an experienced taxonomist. Approaches to specimen counts are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The genus Cortinarius (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) is one of the most species-rich fungal genera, with thousands of species reported. Cortinarius species are important ectomycorrhizal fungi and form associations with many vascular plants globally. Until recently Cortinarius was the single genus of the family Cortinariaceae, despite several attempts to provide a workable, lower-rank hierarchical structure based on subgenera and sections. The first phylogenomic study for this group elevated the old genus Cortinarius to family level and the family was split into ten genera, of which seven were described as new. Here, by careful re-examination of the recently published phylogenomic dataset, we detected extensive gene-tree/species-tree conflicts using both concatenation and multispecies coalescent approaches. Our analyses demonstrate that the Cortinarius phylogeny remains unresolved and the resulting phylogenomic hypotheses suffer from very short and unsupported branches in the backbone. We can confirm monophyly of only four out of ten suggested new genera, leaving uncertain the relationships between each other and the general branching order. Thorough exploration of the tree space demonstrated that the topology on which Cortinarius revised classification relies on does not represent the best phylogenetic hypothesis and should not be used as constrained topology to include additional species. For this reason, we argue that based on available evidence the genus Cortinarius should not (yet) be split. Moreover, considering that phylogenetic uncertainty translates to taxonomic uncertainty, we advise for careful evaluation of phylogenomic datasets before proposing radical taxonomic and nomenclatural changes.

Abstract A commentary is provided on the seven formally published proposals to modify the provisions of Chapter F of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICNafp) that will be dealt with by the Fungal Nomenclature Session (FNS) of the 12th International Mycological Congress (IMC12) in August 2024. The proposals deal with: fungi whose morph-names have the same epithet; the listing of synonyms under entries for protected names in the Code Appendices; the processes of protection and rejection; the use of DNA sequences as nomenclatural types; the use of genomes as nomenclatural types; and the designation of fungi known only from DNA sequences. Information is also provided on the composition and role of the Fungal Nomenclature Bureau, the operation of the FNS and the pre-Congress Guiding vote.

Influenza A/H9 viruses circulate worldwide in wild and domestic avian species, continuing to evolve and posing a zoonotic risk. A substantial increase in human infections with A/H9N2 subtype avian influenza viruses (AIVs) and the emergence of novel reassortants carrying A/H9N2-origin internal genes has occurred in recent years. Different names have been used to describe the circulating and emerging A/H9 lineages. To address this issue, an international group of experts from animal and public health laboratories, endorsed by the WOAH/FAO Network of Expertise on Animal Influenza, has created a practical lineage classification and nomenclature system based on the analysis of 10,638 hemagglutinin sequences from A/H9 AIVs sampled worldwide. This system incorporates phylogenetic relationships and epidemiologic characteristics designed to trace emerging and circulating lineages and clades. To aid in lineage and clade assignment, an online tool has been created. This proposed classification enables rapid comprehension of the global spread and evolution of A/H9 AIVs.

Resumen: La visión multidimensional de la enfermedad es fundamental en la atención de patologías complejas como la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). Es oportuno definir y unificar conceptos que permitan que los diferentes profesionales encargados de la atención ofrezcan una atención multidisciplinar, alineados a las necesidades de cada persona.Debido al creciente aumento de la incidencia de ERC en el mundo y teniendo en cuenta que pueden existir diferentes trayectorias en el curso de la enfermedad, es necesario establecer abordajes integrales personalizados para cada paciente y sus familias de manera más temprana. Este planteamiento va más allá del simple control de los síntomas urémicos o de la congestión y consiste en abordar tempranamente los problemas no solo sintomáticos sino también funcionales, sociales y de afrontamiento de la enfermedad, facilitando la toma de decisiones tanto en el escenario de la ERC como en situaciones agudas, potencialmente irreversibles o en intervenciones que no mejoren el pronóstico vital.Para asegurar la excelencia en la atención es relevante evaluar indicadores para la atención paliativa y de soporte renal, como la presencia de la planificación anticipada y compartida de la atención, la inclusión de atención psicosocial, ética, espiritual y la atención al duelo. Esto permite ofrecer una atención integral, humanizada y de calidad para el paciente y sus familiares.Los cuidados paliativos y de soporte renal no se orientan únicamente a los pacientes en los últimos días de vida. Definir, unificar y evaluar los conceptos permitirá aplicarlos de manera oportuna en cada momento específico de la trayectoria de la ERC. Abstract: The multidimensional view of the disease is fundamental in the care of complex diseases such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is appropriate to define and unify concepts that allow the different professionals involved in care to provide multidisciplinary care tailored to the needs of each individual.Given the increasing incidence of CKD worldwide and the fact that the disease may progress at different rates, there is a need to establish personalized, comprehensive approaches for each patient and their families at an earlier stage. This approach goes beyond the simple control of uremic symptoms or congestion and consists of addressing not only symptomatic but also functional, social and coping problems at an early stage, facilitating decision making both in the CKD and in acute settings, potentially irreversible situations or interventions that do not improve life expectancy.To ensure excellence in care, it is important to assess indicators of palliative care and renal support, such as the presence of advance and shared care planning, the inclusion of psychosocial, ethical, spiritual and bereavement care. This enables the provision of comprehensive, humanized, and high-quality care for patients and their families.Palliative and renal care is not just about patients in the last days of life. Defining, unifying, and evaluating the concepts will allow them to be applied in a timely manner at each specific moment of the CKD trajectory.

Since 2009, the Korean Society of Plant Pathology has established the Committee on Common Names of Plant Disease to systematically review and determine plant disease names and related terminologies. The committee published the 6th edition of the List of Plant Diseases in Korea (LPDK) in 2022, and the list has been made publicly accessible online. The online database has significantly enhanced user accessibility, expedited update processes, and improved interoperability with other databases. As a result, the 6.1 edition of the list was released by online LPDK in 2023, detailing new disease names added over the preceding year and revisions to existing names. Subsequently, in 2024, the 6.2 edition was published, encompassing 6,765 diseases caused by 2,503 pathogen taxa across 1,432 host species. The public release of the online database has, however, introduced several challenges and tasks. Addressing these issues necessitates the development of modern, standardized nomenclature guidelines and a robust system for the registration of new disease names. Open communication and collaboration among the diverse members of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology are required to ensure the reliability of the LPDK.

The name Symphytum microcalix originally published by P.M. Opiz is currently interpreted in two different ways, namely as a synonym of Symphytum officinale or as a name of a taxon from the S. tuberosum aggregate. The application of the name is discussed based on the analysis of Opiz’s protologue, with notes on the origin of the authentic material, and on the spelling of the name. It is concluded that Opiz’s description was most likely based on an anomalous plant of Symphytum bohemicum and thus it is not applicable to any representatives of the S. tuberosum aggregate. Further nomenclatural and taxonomic issues within the S. tuberosum aggr. are discussed, with a special emphasis on the status of Ukrainian representatives of this species complex.

Abstract Fomes weberianus Bres. & Henn. ex Sacc. is currently the basionym of two very distinct polypores (Basidiomycota), Ganoderma weberianum (Polyporales) and Phylloporia weberiana (Hymenochaetales). This fact has led to almost fifty years of taxonomic confusion. Fomes weberianus was first lectotypified by Steyaert, who accepted the species as G. weberianum. However, studies of Weber’s original material in B, duplicate material in S, the protologue, and early interpretations of the name have shown that Steyaert’s choice conflicts with the protologue and early interpretations, and that his interpretation as a species of Ganoderma is erroneous. A new lectotype was designated and the species was re-described under the correct interpretation Phylloporia weberiana.

Numerous taxonomic studies have focused on the dung beetle genus Helictopleurus d’Orbigny, 1915, endemic to Madagascar. However, this genus stilll needs a thorough revision. Semantic technologies, such as nanopublications, hold the potential to enhance taxonomy by transforming how data are published and analysed. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of nanopublications in establishing synonyms within the genus Helictopleurus.In this study, we identify four new synonyms within Helictopleurus: H. rudicollis (Fairmaire, 1898) = H. hypocrita Balthasar, 1941 syn. nov.; H. vadoni Lebis, 1960 = H. perpunctatus Balthasar, 1963 syn. nov.; H. halffteri Balthasar, 1964 = H. dorbignyi Montreuil, 2005 syn. nov.; H. clouei (Harold, 1869) = H. gibbicollis (Fairmaire, 1895) syn. nov. Helictopleurus may have a significantly larger number of synonyms than currently known, indicating potentially inaccurate estimates about its recent extinction.We also publish the newly-established synonyms as nanopublications, which are machine-readable data snippets accessible online. Additionally, we explore the utility of nanopublications in taxonomy and demonstrate their practical use with an example query for data extraction.

The article is devoted to determining the peculiarities of the influence of economic sciences on the formation of the nomenclature of administrative law. It is found out that the nomenclature of modern administrative law develops under the influence of the results of other sciences and researches, among which the economic sciences take the first place. It has been established that the specialist literature does not consider the general tendencies of development of the nomenclature of administrative law under the influence of economic sciences. At the same time, administrative legislation always uses economic concepts in the texts of normative legal acts, otherwise it is impossible, firstly, to determine the scope of competence of the relevant authority and, secondly, to clarify the peculiarities of its functioning in the specific sphere of economic relations. It has been shown that in the last thirty years, in the nomenclature of administrative law: 1) some categories have remained unchanged; 2) some concepts have lost the status of categories and ceased to be used in scientific circulation; 3) new categories have appeared; 4) economic categories have become widely used. Thus, at the present stage of development of administrative law, economic sciences have a significant influence on the formation of its nomenclature. This process is characterised by the following positive results: 1) administrative law regulation and public administration in the economy take into account the achievements of economic sciences in order to increase the efficiency in the relevant field of both administrative law norms and the activities of public administration bodies; 2) the maximum satisfaction of economic interests and the exercise of economic rights of human beings in administrative law relations; 3) a real implementation of the human-centred concept in the relations between public administration bodies and private persons when it comes to the provision of public services in the field of economic activity; 4) a harmony between the achievements of economic sciences and administrative law sciences, which complement each other in a certain way.