Search

We consider five dimensional non-factorizable geometries where the transverse dimension is bounded and the remaining (parallel) dimensions are not. We study the construction of effective theories at distances much longer than the transverse size. An observer unable to resolve the transverse direction can only measure distances along the parallel dimensions, but the non-factorizable geometry makes the length of a curve along the parallel dimension sensitive to where on the transverse direction the curve lies. We show that long geodesics that differ in their endpoints only by shifts along the transverse direction all have the same length to within the observer's resolution. We argue that this is the correct notion of distance in the effective theory for a bulk observer. This allows us to present a consistent interpretation of what is measured by observers that live either on a brane or in the bulk., Comment: 11 pages, dedicated to the memory of Detlef Nolte

We find a static solution to Einstein's field equations on a five-dimensional orbifold with a compact S_1/Z_2 fifth direction and Poincare invariant 3+1 sections. The solution describes a theory with bulk cosmological constant and 3-branes at the orbifold fixed points which carry matter density and pressure in addition to tension. The radius of the fifth dimension is determined by the matter content of the branes. The ratio of the space and time components of the metric depends on the fifth coordinate. Thus, the speed of propagation of massless fields is path dependent. For example, bulk and brane fields propagate with different speeds., Comment: 11 pages, references added

We propose a method of determining masses in brane scenarios which is independent of coordinate transformations. We apply our method to the scenario of Randall and Sundrum (RS) with two branes, which provides a solution to the hierarchy problem. The core of our proposal is the use of covariant equations and expressing all coordinate quantities in terms of invariant distances. In the RS model we find that massive brane fields propagate proper distances inversely proportional to masses that are not exponentially suppressed. The hierarchy between the gravitational and weak interactions is nevertheless preserved on the visible brane due to suppression of gravitational interactions on that brane. The towers of Kaluza-Klein states for bulk fields are observed to have different spacings on different branes when all masses are measured in units of the fundamental scale. Ratios of masses on each brane are the same in our covariant and the standard interpretations. Since masses of brane fields are not exponentiated, the fundamental scale of higher-dimensional gravity must be of the order of the weak scale., Comment: 14 pages

A solution to the cosmological constant problem has been proposed in which our universe is a 3-brane in a 5-dimensional spacetime. With a bulk scalar, the field equations admit a Poincare invariant brane solution regardless of the value of the cosmological constant (tension) on the brane. However, the solution does not include matter in the brane. We find new exact static solutions with matter density and pressure in the brane. We study small perturbations about these solutions. None seem consistent with observational cosmology. As a byproduct we find a class of new matterless static solutions and a non-static solution which, curiously, requires the string value for the dilaton coupling., Comment: 20 pages, section on perturbations revised, conclusions unchanged

We show that it is possible to extract the weak mixing angle alpha via a measurement of the rate for B^+(-) -> \pi^+(-) e^+e^-. The sensitivity to cos(alpha) results from the interference between the long and short distance contributions. The short distance contribution can be computed, using heavy quark symmetry, in terms of semi-leptonic form factors. More importantly, we show that, using Ward identities and a short distance operator product expansion, the long distance contribution can be calculated without recourse to light cone wave functions when the invariant mass of the lepton pair, q^2, is much larger than LQCDs. We find that for q^2 > 2 GeV^2 the branching fraction is approximately 1 * 10^{-8}|V_{td}/0.008|^2. The shape of the differential rate is very sensitive to the value of cos(alpha) at small values of q^2 with dGamma /dq^2 varying up to 50% in the interval -1< cos(alpha)< 1 at q^2= 2 GeV^2. The size of the variation depends upon the ratio V_{ub}/V_{td}., Comment: 4 pages,2 figures, Latex

Over a large fraction of phase space a combination of an operator product and heavy quark expansions effectively turn the decay $\bar B -> D^{(*)0} e+e-$ into a ``short distance'' process, i.e., one in which the weak and electromagnetic interactions occur through single local operators. These processes have an underlying W-exchange quark diagram topology and are therefore Cabibbo allowed but suppressed by combinatoric factors and short distance QCD corrections. Our technique allows a clearer exploration of these effects. For the decay $\bar B_{d,s} -> J/psi(\eta_c) e+e-$ one must use a non-relativistic (NRQCD) expansion, in addition to an operator product expansion and a heavy quark effective theory expansion. We estimate the decay rates for $\bar B_{d,s} -> J/psi e+e-$, $\bar B_{d,s} -> eta_c e+e-$, $\bar B_{d,s} -> D^{*0} e+e-$ and $\bar B_{d,s} -> D^{0} e+e-$., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, published version

The decays $B^+\to D_{s,d}^+e^+e^-$ and $B^+\to D_{s,d}^{*+}e^+e^-$ proceed through a weak and an electromagnetic interaction. This is a typical ``long distance'' process, usually difficult to compute systematically. We propose that over a large fraction of phase space a combination of an operator product and heavy quark expansions effectively turns this process into one in which the weak and electromagnetic interactions occur through a local operator. Moreover, we use heavy quark spin symmetry to relate all the local operators that appear in leading order of the operator expansion to two basic ones. We use this operator expansion to estimate the decay rates for $B^+\to D_{s,d}^{(*)+}e^+e^-$., Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, Latex, published version in PRL

It was recently pointed out that the decays B^+ --> D^{*+}_s gamma and B^+ --> D^{*+} gamma can be used for an extraction of |V_{ub}|. The theory of these decays is poorly understood. It was shown that in a world of almost degenerate b and c-quarks the decay would be computable. The severe difficulties that are encountered in the realistic calculation stem primarily from the very hard photon produced in the two body decay. We point out that in the decays B^+ --> D^{*+}_s e^+e^- and B^+ --> D^{*+} e^+e^- the photon vertex is soft when the charmed meson is nearly at rest (in the B^+ rest frame). This allows us to compute with some confidence the decay rate in a restricted but interesting kinematic regime. Given enough data the extraction of V_{ub} with reasonably small uncertainties could proceed through an analysis of these exclusive decays much as is done in the determination of V_{cb}., Comment: 9 pages, latex (revtex), replaced with published version

We complete the process of classifying all supersymmetric theories with quantum modified moduli. We present all the supersymmetric gauge theories based on a simple orthogonal or exceptional group that exhibit a quantum modified moduli space. The quantum modified constraints of theories derived from s-confining theories are invariant under all symmetries. However, theories that cannot be obtained by a deformation of an s-confining theory may have constraints that are covariant, rather than invariant., Comment: 25 pages, ReVTeX (or Latex, etc)

We begin the process of classifying all supersymmetric theories with quantum modified moduli. We determine all theories based on a single SU or Sp gauge group with quantum modified moduli. By flowing among theories we have calculated the precise modifications to the algebraic constraints that determine the moduli at the quantum level. We find a class of theories, those with a classical constraint that is covariant but not invariant under global symmetries, that have a singular modification to the moduli, which consists of a new branch., Comment: 21 pages, ReVTeX (or Latex, etc), corrected typos and cQMM discusion