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212 results on '"Nolan, J. J."'

5. Multinational cooperation and intervention: small steps to better results

Author

Parsons, T., Nolan, J. J., Crispino, F., Parsons, T., Nolan, J. J., and Crispino, F.

Abstract

Through the latter years of the twentieth century and early years of the twenty-first century, there have been a number of high-profile multinational interven­tions by the international community in countries deemed to be sufficiently un­stable to present a threat to global peace or, more controversially, to local pop­ulations. Beginning with the tardy but largely successful intervention in the Yu­goslav civil war in 1990 and culminating in the soon to conclude intervention in Afghanistan after the Al Qaeda attacks on the USA in 2001, there have also been military interventions in Iraq in 2003 and Libya in 2011. The list is not exhaustive. There have been other interventions elsewhere, but these particular examples of military intervention mainly conducted by western powers provide illuminat­ing insights into the success and, sometimes, the failure of such multinational security responses to perceived international threats.

Published
2021

6. Metabolite Changes After Metabolic Surgery – Associations to Parameters Reflecting Glucose Homeostasis and Lipid Levels

Author

Ahlin, S., Cefalo, C., Bondia-Pons, I., Trost, K., Capristo, E., Marini, L., Romero, M., Zorzano, A., Gastaldelli, A., Mingrone, G., Nolan, J. J., Capristo E. (ORCID:0000-0002-5753-3495), Mingrone G. (ORCID:0000-0003-2021-528X), Ahlin, S., Cefalo, C., Bondia-Pons, I., Trost, K., Capristo, E., Marini, L., Romero, M., Zorzano, A., Gastaldelli, A., Mingrone, G., Nolan, J. J., Capristo E. (ORCID:0000-0002-5753-3495), and Mingrone G. (ORCID:0000-0003-2021-528X)

Abstract

Aims: To test the hypothesis that adipose tissue gene expression patterns would be affected by metabolic surgery and we aimed to identify genes and metabolic pathways as well as metabolites correlating with metabolic changes following metabolic surgery. Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted at the Obesity Unit at the Catholic University Hospital of the Sacred Heart in Rome, Italy. Fifteen patients, of which six patients underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and nine patients underwent biliopancreatic diversion, were included. The participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Small polar metabolites were analyzed with a two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS). Gene expression analysis of genes related to metabolism of amino acids and fatty acids were analyzed in subcutaneous adipose tissue. All procedures were performed at study start and at follow-up (after 185.3 ± 72.9 days). Results: Twelve metabolites were significantly changed after metabolic surgery. Six metabolites were identified as 3-indoleacetic acid, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, valine, glutamic acid, 4-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid and alpha-tocopherol. The branched chain amino acids displayed a significant decrease together with a decrease in BCAT1 adipose tissue mRNA levels. Changes in the identified metabolites were associated to changes in lipid, insulin and glucose levels. Conclusions: Our study has identified metabolites and metabolic pathways that are altered by metabolic surgery and may be used as biomarkers for metabolic improvement.

Published
2021

12. Insulin sensitivity depends on the route of glucose administration

Author

Mingrone, Geltrude, Panunzi, Simona, De Gaetano, Anna Maria, Ahlin, Sofie, Spuntarelli, Valerio, Bondia-Pons, I., Barbieri, Cristiano, Capristo, Esmeralda, Gastaldelli, A., Nolan, J. J., Mingrone G. (ORCID:0000-0003-2021-528X), Panunzi S., De Gaetano A. (ORCID:0000-0002-7493-9462), Ahlin S., Spuntarelli V., Barbieri C., Capristo E. (ORCID:0000-0002-5753-3495), Mingrone, Geltrude, Panunzi, Simona, De Gaetano, Anna Maria, Ahlin, Sofie, Spuntarelli, Valerio, Bondia-Pons, I., Barbieri, Cristiano, Capristo, Esmeralda, Gastaldelli, A., Nolan, J. J., Mingrone G. (ORCID:0000-0003-2021-528X), Panunzi S., De Gaetano A. (ORCID:0000-0002-7493-9462), Ahlin S., Spuntarelli V., Barbieri C., and Capristo E. (ORCID:0000-0002-5753-3495)

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis: The small intestine plays an important role in hepatic and whole-body insulin sensitivity, as shown by bariatric surgery. Our goal was to study whether routes and dose of glucose administration have an acute impact on insulin sensitivity. The primary endpoint of this proof-of-concept study was the difference in insulin-mediated metabolic clearance rate (MCR/I) of glucose between the oral and intravenous routes of glucose administration. Secondary endpoints were differences in insulin effect on proteolysis, ketogenesis, lipolysis and glucagon levels. Methods: In this parallel cohort study, we administered multiple oral glucose loads to 23 participants (aged between 18 and 65 years) with morbid obesity and with normal or impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes. In a different session, we administered isoglycaemic intravenous glucose infusions (IGIVI) to match the plasma glucose levels observed during the oral challenges. Glucose rate of appearance (Ra) and disappearance (Rd) and endogenous glucose production (EGP) were calculated by infusing [6,6-2H2]glucose with or without oral [U-13C6]glucose. Plasma small polar metabolites were measured by gas chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Lipids were measured by ultra-HPLC and quadrupole mass spectrometry. Glucagon-like peptide-1, insulin, C-peptide and glucagon were also measured. Participants, caregivers, people doing measurements or examinations, and people assessing the outcomes were unblinded to group assignment. Results: Glucose MCR/I was significantly higher during IGIVI than during oral glucose administration, independently of glycaemic status (12 ± 6 for IGIVI vs 7.4 ± 3 ml min−1 kg−1 per nmol/l for oral, p< 0.001 from paired t test). Insulin secretion was higher during oral administration than during IGIVI (p< 0.001). The disposition index was significantly lower during the oral procedure: 4260 ± 1820 vs 5000 ± 2360 (ml min−1 kg−1 (nmol/l)−

Published
2020

17. Irish endocrine society: 23rd annual meeting: Proceedings of meeting held at the Institute of Clinical Science, University College Hospital, Galway on November 13th and 14th, 1998

Author

Kokaly, W. J., McKenna, T. J., Kong, W. M., O’sShea, D., Alaghband-Zadeh, J., Jones, J., Carter, G., Smyth, P. P. A., O’Herlihy, C., Lazarus, J. H., Premawardhana, L. D. K. E., Parkes, A. B., Kularatna, C. S., Rees, A., Evans, J., Wijeyaratne, C., Da Silva, H., Gleeson, A., Anderton, K., Owens, D., Collins, P., Johnson, A., Collins, P., Tomkin, G. H., Smith, D., Finucane, F., McKenna, K., Finucane, J., Thompson, C. J., Phillips, J., McConnell, E. M., Atkinson, A. B., Ennis, C., McCance, D. R., Hadden, D. R., Sheridan, B., Bell, P. M., Suliman, A. M., Al-Saber, F., Hayes, F., Fiad, T., Culliton, M., Cunningham, S., McKenna, T. J., Smith, T. P., McKenna, T. J., Campbell, W., Johnston, C. F., Curry, W. J., Buchanan, K. D., Leary, A. C., Grealy, G., Higgins, T. M., Buckley, N., Barry, D. G., Ferriss, J. B., McNeill, K. M. S., Curry, W. J., Cunningham, R. T., Johnston, C. F., Buchanan, K. D., O’Hare, J. A., Burke, P., Grace, P., Murphy, E., Reynolds, J., Nolan, J. J., Chan, N. N., Darko, D., Jackson, A., Dhillo, W. S., O’Shea, D., Tomkin, G. H., Collins, P., Johnson, A., Owens, D., Kilbane, M. T., Ajjan, R. A., Weetman, A. P., Shering, S. G., McDermott, E. W. M., O’Higgins, N. J., Smyth, P. P. A., Johansson, ÁA. N., Johnston, C. F., Curry, W. J., Cunningham, R. T., Buchanan, K. D., O’Kane, D., Allen, J. D., Courtney, C. H, McAllister, A. S., McCance, D. R., Hadden, D. R., Atkinson, A. B., Sheridan, B., Kinsley, B. T., Smith, T., MacMahon, J., McKenna, T. J., McConnell, E. M., Atkinson, A. B., Bell, P. M., Hadden, D. R., McCance, D. R., Courtney, C. H, McAllister, A. S., McCance, D. R., Hadden, D. R., Atkinson, A. B., Leslie, H., Sheridan, B., Cannon, D., Powell, D., Kinsley, B. T., Smith, T., MacMahon, J., McKenna, T. J., Leslie, H., Sheridan, B., Courtney, C. H., Bell, P. M., McCance, D. R., Hadden, D. R., Atkinson, A. B., McSorley, P. T., Bell, P. M., Atkinson, A. B., Ennis, C. N., Sheridan, B., McCance, D. R., Young, I. S., and Fee, J. P. H.

Published
1998
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18. Irish society of gastroenterology: Proceedings of meeting held friday 20th and saturday 21st november 1998

Author

Curry, M. P., Norris, S., Hegarty, J. E., Smith, F., Nolan, N., Golden-Mason, L., O’Farrelly, C., Walsh, K. M., Fletcher, A., MacSween, R. N. M., Morris, A. J., Bohan, A., Nolan, N., Hegarty, J. E., Ryan, E., Flanagan, A-M., Martinez-Dalmau, P., Crowe, J., O’Farrelly, C., Golden-Mason, L., Curry, M. P., Kelly, J., Traynor, O., Hegarty, J. E., Mathias, J., McCormick, P. A., McEntee, G., Hegarty, J., Traynor, O., Barrett, S., O’Keane, J. C., Crowe, J., Shah, A. A., Berry, M., Thjodleifsson, B., Bjarnason, I., Gudjohnsson, H., Oddson, E., Fitzgerald, D. J., Kay, E., Price, A., Murray, F. E., Carton, E., Mulligan, E. D., Caldwell, M. T. P., Rana, D., Ryan, B., Mahmud, N., Keeling, N., Tanner, W. A., Keane, F. B. V., McDonald, G., Reynolds, J. V., Mahmood, Z., Rathore, O., Ellis, I., Byrne, P., Mahmud, N., Keeling, P. W. N., Khan, I., McManus, K., Anikin, V., Mills, M., McGuigan, J., Taylor, C., Winter, D. C., O’Sullivan, G. C., Harvey, B. J., Bennett, M. W., O’Connell, J., O’Sullivan, G. C., Collins, J. K., Shanahan, F., Wieneke, P., O’Leary, C., Healy, M., O’Halloran, T., Barry, R., Cronin, C. C., O’Regan, P., Shanahan, F., Bennett, M. W., O’Connell, J., O’Sullivan, G. C., Collins, J. K., Shanahan, F., O’Grady, H., Grant, D., Sheahan, K., Hyland, J. M. P., O’Donoghue, D. P., Murphy, J., Lee, G., Madden, M., Kelly, J., Collins, J. K., Shanahan, P., Sullivan, G. O., Shima, H., Basisht, R., Ohshiro, K., Puri, P., Goh, J., MacMathuna, P., Baird, A., Godson, C., Brady, H. R., Petasis, N. A., Fokin, V. V., O’Keane, J. C., McCormack, G., McCormick, P. A., Hegarty, J. E., O’Donoghue, D. P., Hyland, J. M. P., Khosraviani, K., Weir, H. P., Williamson, K., Hamilton, P., Moorehead, R. J., Mcllmoyle, J., Watson, R. G. P., Collins, J. S. A., Tham, T. C. K., Doyle, R. M., Molony, C., Fitzpatrick, D., Coakley, D., Walsh, J. B., Kelleher, D., Devitt, E., Keane, C., Walsh, C., Bennett, M. W., O’Connell, J., O’Sullivan, G. C., Collins, J. K., Shanahan, F., Murray, K. P., Kaufman, H. S., Shin, J. H., Pitt, H. A., Johnston, S. D., Watson, R. G. P., McMillan, S. A., Larkin, C. J., Sloan, J. M., Watson, R. G. P., Ardill, J. E. S., Collins, J. S., Buchanan, K. D., Larkin, C. J., Curry, W. J., Watson, R. G. P., Johnston, C. F., Ardill, J. E. S., Buchanan, K. D., Larkin, C. J., Curry, W., Johnston, C., Sloan, J., Watson, R. G. P., Ardill, J., Collins, J. S., Buchanan, K. D., Larkin, C. J., Curry, W., Johnston, C., Sloan, J., Watson, R. G. P., Ardill, J., Collins, J. S., Buchanan, K. D., Larkin, C. J., Irvine, R., Gibson, L., Tham, T. C. K., Creedon, G., Mabruk, M., Leader, M., O’Grady, T., Murphy, M., Kay, E., Shah, A. A., Harhen, B., Fitzgerald, D. J., Murray, F. E., Hickey, A., Gannon, N., O’Boyle, C., Byrne, R., Smith, M., Murray, F., Byrne, M. F., Harhen, B., Fitzgerald, D. J., Murray, F. E., Quinlan, J., Delaney, C. P., O’Grady, H., Varadarajan, R., O’Donoghue, D. P., Hyland, J. M., MacEneaney, P. M., Skehan, S. J., Curry, M., Gibney, R. G., McCormick, P. A., Malone, D. E., Kealy, S., MacEneaney, P. M., Dodd, J., Murrary, R., Donoghue, D. P., Keating, D., Gibney, R. G., Malone, D. E., Hashim, Z., Donnellan, J., O’Connor, Y., Kearns, M., Stevens, F. M., Sookhai, S., Wang, J. H., Neary, P., McCourt, M., O’Connell, D., Redmond, H. P., Khosraviani, K., McAteer, E., Campbell, W. J., Mackle, E. J., Smyth, C., McKiernan, S., Lawlor, M., Pilkington, K., Hagan, R., Kelleher, D., Montague, S., Barry, R., Buckley, M., Morain, C. A. O., Connolly, C., Tierney, S., Gray, J., Lyons, N. D., Delaney, P. V., Grace, P. A., Nemeth, L., O’Briain, D. S., Puri, P., Carton, E., Mulligan, E. D., O’Toole, C., Roddy, D., Keeling, N., Griffin, M., McDonald, G., Hennessy, T. P. J., Reynolds, J. V., O’Keffe, C., O’Donoghue, D., Hegarty, J., McCormick, P. A., Murphy, E., Reynolds, J., Nolan, J. J., Goh, J., Barrett, S., McAndrew, M., Crowe, J., O’Keane, J. C., Clarke, G., Stewart, S., McKiernan, S., Cockram, A., O’Keane, J. C., Kelleher, D., Crowe, J., Coughlan, B., Sheehan, J., Hickey, A., Crowe, J., Lang, E. E., Caldwell, M. T. P., Tanner, W. A., McNamara, D., Hamilton, H., Beattie, S., Montague, S., O’Morain, C., Windle, H. J., Kelleher, D., Heaney, A., Collins, J. S. A., Tham, T. C. K., Chan, W. S., Mitchell, R. M. S., Collins, J. S. A., Watson, R. G. P., O’Leary, C., Wieneke, P., Feighery, L., Quane, K., Molloy, M., Shanahan, F., Feighery, C., Cronin, C. C., Golden-Mason, L., Curry, M. P., Traynor, O., McEntee, G., Kelly, J., Hegarty, J. E., Farrelly, C. O., Egan, B. M., Barry, M. K., Grant, D. C., O’Donoghue, D., Hegarty, J., Traynor, O., Hyland, J. M. P., Barry, P., Casey, P., Laffoy, M., Tracey, J., McCormick, P. A., Goode, T., O’Connell, J., Hopkins, A., Baird, A. W., O’Sullivan, G. C., Collins, J. K., Shanahan, F., O’Leary, C., Kingston, M., Blackwell, M., Wieneke, P., Cronin, C. C., O’Regan, P. F., Shanahan, F., Maher, L. J., Skelly, M. M., Godson, C., Brady, H. R., and Baird, A. W.

Published
1998
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20. Bile acid changes after metabolic surgery are linked to improvement in insulin sensitivity

Author

Ahlin, S., Cefalu, C., Bondia-Pons, I., Capristo, Esmeralda, Marini, L., Gastaldelli, A., Mingrone, Geltrude, Nolan, J. J., Capristo E. (ORCID:0000-0002-5753-3495), Mingrone G. (ORCID:0000-0003-2021-528X), Ahlin, S., Cefalu, C., Bondia-Pons, I., Capristo, Esmeralda, Marini, L., Gastaldelli, A., Mingrone, Geltrude, Nolan, J. J., Capristo E. (ORCID:0000-0002-5753-3495), and Mingrone G. (ORCID:0000-0003-2021-528X)

Abstract

Background: Metabolic surgery is associated with a prompt improvement in insulin resistance, although the mechanism of action remains unknown. The literature on bile acid changes after metabolic surgery is conflicting, and insulin sensitivity is generally assessed by indirect methods. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between improvement in insulin sensitivity and concentration of circulating bile acids after biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Methods: This was a prospective observational study of nine patients who underwent BPD and six who had RYGB. Inclusion criteria for participation were a BMI in excess of 40 kg/m2, no previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and willingness to participate. Exclusion criteria were major endocrine diseases, malignancies and liver cirrhosis. Follow-up visits were carried out after a mean(s.d.) of 185·3(72·9) days. Fasting plasma bile acids were assessed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, and insulin sensitivity was measured by means of a hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp. Results: A significant increase in all bile acids, as well as an amelioration of insulin sensitivity, was observed after metabolic surgery. An increase in conjugated secondary bile acids was significantly associated with an increase in insulin sensitivity. Only the increase in glycodeoxycholic acid was significantly associated with an increase in insulin sensitivity in analysis of individual conjugated secondary bile acids. Conclusion: Glycodeoxycholic acid might drive the improved insulin sensitivity after metabolic surgery.

Published
2019

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