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5. Knowledge of children and youth about forest fires: Discrepancies between basic perception and reality

Author

Cvetković Vladimir M., Roder Giulia, Öcal Adem, Filipović Marina, Janković Bojan, and Noji Eric

Subjects
disasters, forest fire, perception, belgrade, children, Military Science
Abstract

Forests have a vital role for all living things. Children understanding of forest phenomena is the important knowledge for various sectors such as educators, policymakers, environmentalists, etc. This paper deals with the factors that affect knowledge and perception of forest fires of students, aged 10 to 19, in the city of Belgrade. The research was conducted between October 20th, 2013 and February 3rd, 2014. The authors have used a method of surveying students in order to identify and describe the factors affecting their knowledge about forest fires. A total of 3,548 students from 18 schools in Belgrade participated in the survey. The results of the research show that there is a discrepancy between perception and reality that is what students think they know and what they actually know in very basic terms. This set of findings in combination with other findings of moderators replicates previous research on the need for educational programs to ensure there is a match between youth confidence about what they know of hazards and their actual knowledge levels. Mismatches between the two could have serious consequences in disaster risk reduction terms. Given basic knowledge gaps here, this translates into educational programming that then needs to take account of this basic discrepancy to ensure, even from the early ages, consistency between 'knowledge and coping confidence' and actual knowledge and ability to cope and respond.

Published
2018
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18. Contributors

Author

Adachi, Javier A., primary, Alexander, Martin E., additional, Allen, Robert C., additional, Anderson, Bryan E., additional, Anderson, Susan, additional, Andrews, Christopher J., additional, Askew, E. Wayne, additional, Atkins, Dale, additional, Atwater, Brett D., additional, Auerbach, Paul S., additional, Bacal, Kira, additional, Backer, Howard D., additional, Binford, Greta J., additional, Bookspan, Jolie, additional, Bowman, Warren D., additional, Boyer, Leslie V., additional, Burgess, George H., additional, Bush, Robert K., additional, Bush, Sean Paul, additional, Butler, Frank K., additional, Carleton, Steven C., additional, Carlisle, Betty, additional, Castellani, John W., additional, Chatterjee, Monalisa, additional, Clark, Richard F., additional, Collier, Bryan R., additional, Cooper, Donald C., additional, Cooper, Mary Ann, additional, Crawshaw, Larry Ingram, additional, Cummins, Gregory A., additional, Danzl, Daniel F., additional, Dart, Richard C., additional, Dasgupta, Samhita, additional, Davis, Ian, additional, Davis, Kathleen Mary, additional, Davison, Kevin Jon, additional, Dawson, Chad P., additional, DeLoughery, Thomas G., additional, Donnelly, Mark W., additional, Donner, Howard J., additional, Douglas, Eric, additional, DuPont, Herbert L., additional, Ellis, Thomas J., additional, Erb, Blair Dillard, additional, Erickson, Timothy B., additional, Ericsson, Charles D., additional, Feldman, Joanne, additional, Fowler, Murray E., additional, Fradin, Mark S., additional, Frank, Bryan L., additional, Freer, Luanne, additional, French, Steven P., additional, Gaffin, Stephen L., additional, Gardner, Angela F., additional, Garza, Daniel, additional, Giesbrecht, Gordon G., additional, Graeme, Kimberlie A., additional, Gravatt, Andrea R., additional, Grissom, Colin K., additional, Hackett, Peter H., additional, Hawley, Charles G., additional, Hefle, Sue L., additional, Heggers, John P., additional, Heimbach, David M., additional, Heiskell, Lawrence E., additional, Hendee, John C., additional, Herrmann, Henry J., additional, Holle, Ronald L., additional, Hsia, Renee Y., additional, Hubbell, Franklin R., additional, Hudson, Steve E., additional, Iserson, Kenneth V., additional, Jacobs, Michael E., additional, Jensen, Suzanne C., additional, Kaplan, Lee A., additional, Kazura, James W., additional, Killyon, Garry W., additional, Kizer, Kenneth W., additional, Klein, Judith R., additional, Kuehl, Karen Nolan, additional, Kummerfeldt, Peter, additional, Langer, Carolyn S., additional, Laskin, Daniel M., additional, “Rick” LaValla, Patrick H., additional, Lee, Catherine Yumi, additional, Lemery, Jay, additional, Lewin, Matthew R., additional, Liffrig, James R., additional, Lipman, Grant S., additional, Ly, Binh T., additional, Maeyens, Edgar, additional, Mahadevan, Swaminatha V., additional, Mann, Roberta, additional, Marinelli, Rick, additional, Marks, Ariel Dan, additional, Marks, James G., additional, Martinez, Denise, additional, Matteucci, Michael J., additional, Mazzorana, Vicki, additional, McCauley, Robert L., additional, McCurley, Loui H. (Clem), additional, McNally, Jude T., additional, Mendel, Liran, additional, Messenger, James, additional, Mier, Timothy P., additional, Mitchell, James K., additional, Mohler, David G., additional, Moon, Richard E., additional, Moran, Daniel S., additional, Morenz, Barry, additional, Morris, John A., additional, Mutch, Robert W., additional, Nachat, Arian, additional, Nagy, Roger J., additional, Newman, Andrew B., additional, Nimec, Donna L., additional, Nix, David A., additional, Noji, Eric K., additional, Nolan, Donald B., additional, Norris, Robert L., additional, Olesnicky, Bohdan T., additional, Olson, Sheryl K., additional, Otten, Edward J. (Mel), additional, Patel, Ketan H., additional, Patel, Naresh J., additional, Patel, Sheral S., additional, Platts-Mills, Timothy F., additional, Plotkin, Mark, additional, Reed, Sheila B., additional, Riordan, William P., additional, Roach, Robert C., additional, Robson, Martin C., additional, Roe, Matthew T., additional, Schneider, Sandra M., additional, Schoene, Robert B., additional, Shandro, Jamie, additional, Smith, David J., additional, Steinman, Alan M., additional, Stoffel, Robert C., additional, Suchard, Jeffrey R., additional, Swiontkowski, Marc F., additional, Switzer, Julie A., additional, Taylor, Steve L., additional, Tilling, Robert I., additional, Townes, David A., additional, Traub, Stephen J., additional, Hoesen, Karen B. Van, additional, Van Tilburg, Christopher, additional, Walden, John, additional, Wallace, Helen L., additional, Wang, Andrew, additional, Warrell, David A., additional, Weiss, Eric A., additional, Welling, Lynn E., additional, Wilkerson, James A., additional, Williams, Knox, additional, and Williams, Sarah R., additional

Published
2007
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19. ASSOCIATE EDITORS

Author

Anderson, Philip D., primary, Auf Der Heide, Erik, additional, Darling, Robert G., additional, Jacoby, Irving, additional, Noji, Eric, additional, and Suner, Selim, additional

Published
2006
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25. A medical disaster reponse to reduce immediate mortality after an earthquake

Author

Schultz, Carl H., Koenig, Kristi L., and Noji, Eric K.

Subjects
Disaster victims -- Care and treatment, Emergency management -- Training, Medical personnel -- Training, Triage (Medicine) -- Planning
Abstract

Timely organized response to victims requiring prompt medical care is crucial after earthquakes. Details of emergency medicine in the event of a major urban earthquake include an operations plan and a previous training course for health care professionals. Physicians can immediately tend to injured people around them, using supplies from a medical backpack they keep in their cars at all times. Further medical attention would be available in disaster-medical-aid centers and finally at casualty-collection points, such as golf courses and shopping malls. Spaced 10 miles apart, these sites would allow for helicopter and ambulance transfer. Medical personnel would be trained in mass-casualty triage, airway management, use of intravenous fluids, pain relief, crush-injury treatment, and knowledge of amputation. A government official would be in charge of coordinating the whole effort.

Published
1996

27. Public Risk Perspectives Regarding the Threat of Terrorism in Belgrade: Implications for Risk Management Decision-Making for Individuals, Communities and Public Authorities

Author

Cvetković, Vladimir M., Noji, Eric, Filipović, Marina, Popović-Mancević, Marija, Kešetović, Želimir, and Radović, Nenad

Subjects
risk perception, Belgrade, terrorism, decision-making, threat, preparedness
Abstract

The aim of this paper is to assess the risk of terrorist attacks as perceived by individuals, the local community as a whole, and municipal public safety officials in Belgrade, the capital of the Republic of Serbia. The structured questionnaire about perceived risk of terrorist attacks and preparedness was developed using close-ended, multiple choice questions and questionnaire items featuring 5-point Likert response options. Data were collected between June and September 2017 by a telephone survey using a random digit dialing procedure; 485 adult Serbian residents participated in the research voluntarily. Study participants exhibited low levels of perception vis-a-vis the future likelihood of terrorist attacks occurring in their communities, and only a moderate knowledge of counter-terrorism activities currently being undertaken by public safety authorities. Other responses to our questionnaire indicated statistically significant differences in perception of the risks of terrorism threats in Belgrade with respect to demographic variables such as age, gender, employment and past exposure to major emergencies. We encourage emergency management agencies in Serbia to use the differences in public perception of risks identified in our study to develop enhanced counter-terrorism preparedness measures through the promotion of behavioural change. Such action goes hand-in-hand with the adoption of improved risk management decision-making procedures. Furthermore, to improve risk management decision-making we need to anticipate virtually all possible scenarios because terrorism is now a clear and present danger to the safety of the citizens of Serbia. All cities and towns in Serbia need to have up-to-date disaster plans that are tailored to specific scenarios and locations as opposed to only preconceived generalized plans.

Published
2018

33. Knowledge of children and youth about forest fires: Discrepancies between basic perception and reality

Author

Cvetković, Vladimir, Roder, Giulia, Öcal, Adem, Filipović, Marina, Janković, Bojan, Noji, Eric, Cvetković, Vladimir, Roder, Giulia, Öcal, Adem, Filipović, Marina, Janković, Bojan, and Noji, Eric

Abstract

Forests have a vital role for all living things. Children understanding of forest phenomena is the important knowledge for various sectors such as educators, policymakers, environmentalists, etc. This paper deals with the factors that affect knowledge and perception of forest fires of students, aged 10 to 19, in the city of Belgrade. The research was conducted between October 20th, 2013 and February 3rd, 2014. The authors have used a method of surveying students in order to identify and describe the factors affecting their knowledge about forest fires. A total of 3,548 students from 18 schools in Belgrade participated in the survey. The results of the research show that there is a discrepancy between perception and reality that is what students think they know and what they actually know in very basic terms. This set of findings in combination with other findings of moderators replicates previous research on the need for educational programs to ensure there is a match between youth confidence about what they know of hazards and their actual knowledge levels. Mismatches between the two could have serious consequences in disaster risk reduction terms. Given basic knowledge gaps here, this translates into educational programming that then needs to take account of this basic discrepancy to ensure, even from the early ages, consistency between 'knowledge and coping confidence' and actual knowledge and ability to cope and respond.

Published
2018

34. Public Risk Perspectives Regarding the Threat of Terrorism in Belgrade: Implications for Risk Management Decision-Making for Individuals, Communities and Public Authorities

Author

Cvetković, Vladimir, Noji, Eric, Filipović, Marina, Popović Mančević, Marija, Kešetović, Želimir, Radović, Nenad, Cvetković, Vladimir, Noji, Eric, Filipović, Marina, Popović Mančević, Marija, Kešetović, Želimir, and Radović, Nenad

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to assess the risk of terrorist attacks as perceived by individuals, the local community as a whole, and municipal public safety officials in Belgrade, the capital of the Republic of Serbia. The structured questionnaire about perceived risk of terrorist attacks and preparedness was developed using close-ended, multiple choice questions and questionnaire items featuring 5-point Likert response options. Data were collected between June and September 2017 by a telephone survey using a random digit dialing procedure; 485 adult Serbian residents participated in the research voluntarily. Study participants exhibited low levels of perception vis-a-vis the future likelihood of terrorist attacks occurring in their communities, and only a moderate knowledge of counter-terrorism activities currently being undertaken by public safety authorities. Other responses to our questionnaire indicated statistically significant differences in perception of the risks of terrorism threats in Belgrade with respect to demographic variables such as age, gender, employment and past exposure to major emergencies. We encourage emergency management agencies in Serbia to use the differences in public perception of risks identified in our study to develop enhanced counter-terrorism preparedness measures through the promotion of behavioural change. Such action goes hand-in-hand with the adoption of improved risk management decision-making procedures. Furthermore, to improve risk management decision-making we need to anticipate virtually all possible scenarios because terrorism is now a clear and present danger to the safety of the citizens of Serbia. All cities and towns in Serbia need to have up-to-date disaster plans that are tailored to specific scenarios and locations as opposed to only preconceived generalized plans.

Published
2018

36. Evaluating a fluorosis hazard after a volcanic eruption

Author

Rubin, Carol H., Noji, Eric K., Seligman, Paul J., Holtz, John L., Grande, Jorge, and Vittani, F.

Subjects
Volcanic ash, tuff, etc. -- Health aspects, Fluorosis -- Case studies, Environmental issues, Health
Abstract

. The August, 1991 eruption of Mt. Hudson (Chile) deposited ash across southern Argentina and contributed to the deaths of thousands of grazing sheep. Early ash analysis revealed high levels of fluoride, a potential ash constituent toxic to humans and animals. In order to evaluate fluorosis as the cause of sheep deaths and to examine the possibility that similar ash and airborne toxins could also have an effect on the human population, we conducted an investigation that included health provider interviews, hospital record review, physical examination of sheep, determination of sheep urine fluoride levels, and complete constituent analysis of ash samples collected at proscribed distances from the volcano. Ash deposited farthest from the volcano had highest fluoride levels; all fluoride measurements were normal after rainfall. There were no signs or symptoms of fluorosis observed in sheep or humans. Sheep deaths resulted from physical, rather than chemical properties of the ash., EXPOSURE to excessive amounts of fluoride may cause adverse health effects for humans and animals. Recently, improper fluoridation of a city water supply was associated with human death in Alaska[1] [...]

Published
1994

37. The role of the applied epidemiologist in armed conflict

Author

McDonnell Sharon M, Bolton Paul, Sunderland Nadine, Bellows Ben, White Mark, and Noji Eric

Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Applied epidemiologists are increasingly working in areas of insecurity and active conflict to define the health risks, suggest feasible means to reduce these risks and, monitor the capacity and reconstruction of the public health system. In 2001, The Carter Center and the United States Institute for Peace sponsored a conference within which "Violence and Health" was discussed and a working group on applied epidemiology formed. The group was tasked to describe the skills that are essential to effective functioning in these settings and thereby provide guidance to the applied epidemiology training programs. Methods We conducted a literature review and consultation of a convenience sample of practitioners of applied epidemiology with experience in conflict areas. Results and conclusions The health programs designed to prevent and mitigate conflict are in their early stages of implementation and the evaluation measures for success are still being defined. The practice of epidemiology in conflict must occur within a larger humanitarian and political context to be effective. The skills required extend beyond the normal epidemiological training that focuses on the valid collection and interpretation of data and fall into two general categories: (1) Conducting a thorough assessment of the conflict setting in order to design more effective public health action in conflict settings, and (2) Communicating effectively to guide health program implementation, to advocate for needed policy changes and to facilitate interagency coordination. These are described and illustrated using examples from different countries.

Published
2004
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39. Position Paper: Priorities in Medical Responses to Disasters

Author

Rottman, Steven J., Adler, Jakov, William, S., Gunn, A., Kisselev, Andrei, Koller, Jurg, McHenry, Susan, Noji, Eric, Pretto, Ernesto, Russbach, Remi, Simon, Robert R., Yamamoto, Yasuhiro, Rottman, Steven J., Adler, Jakov, William, S., Gunn, A., Kisselev, Andrei, Koller, Jurg, McHenry, Susan, Noji, Eric, Pretto, Ernesto, Russbach, Remi, Simon, Robert R., and Yamamoto, Yasuhiro

Published
2017

40. Health and politics in the 2003 war with Iraq: lessons learned

Author

Burkle, Frederick M., Jr. and Noji, Eric K.

Subjects
International Committee of the Red Cross -- Services, Health care industry -- Management, Health care industry -- Forecasts and trends, Health care industry, Market trend/market analysis, Company business management
Published
2004

42. Hurricane Katrina: response at the Houston Astrodome

Author

Gavagan, Thomas F. and Noji, Eric

Subjects
Hurricane Katrina, 2005, Disaster relief -- Management, Disaster relief -- United States, Emergency response teams -- Training, Disaster victims -- Care and treatment, Company business management, Health
Published
2007

43. Vigilancia de la salud pública después de una erupción volcánica: lecciones aprendidas en Cerro Negro, Nicaragua, 1992

Author

Malilay Josephine, Guido Real Mariana, Ramírez Vanegas Álvaro, Noji Eric, and Sinks Thomas

Subjects
lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, lcsh:R, lcsh:Medicine, lcsh:RA1-1270
Abstract

La erupción del volcán Cerro Negro cerca de León, Nicaragua, el 9 de abril de 1992 lanzó alrededor de 1,7 millones de toneladas de ceniza en una zona de 200 km². Se efectuó una evaluación inicial de los efectos en la salud de cerca de 300 000 residentes, con los datos normalmente obtenidos mediante el sistema nacional de vigilancia epidemiológica. Se determinó que el número de consultas a los establecimientos de atención de salud por diarrea e infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRA) aumentó en las dos comunidades estudiadas, una dentro de la zona del desastre y otra en sus cercanías. En particular, las consultas por diarrea aguda fueron casi 6,0 veces más numerosas que antes de la erupción en ambas comunidades y las consultas por IRA, 3,6 veces más frecuentes en Malpaisillo (la comunidad cercana a la zona del desastre) y 6,0 veces más frecuentes en Telica (la comunidad situada dentro de esa zona). Casi todas fueron consultas por enfermedad en lactantes y niños menores de 5 años. El aumento de la tasa de morbilidad por diarrea, que frecuentemente se produce después de las erupciones volcánicas, exige que se investiguen detalladamente el tipo y la calidad del abastecimiento de agua después de una acumulación cuantiosa de ceniza. Es preciso examinar con mayor detenimiento los problemas respiratorios asociados con la ceniza para determinar el espectro de esas enfermedades y el momento en que se presentan en lactantes y otros subgrupos especiales de la población. Los datos acopiados por medio de la vigilancia pasiva sobre las condiciones de salud antes y después de una erupción pueden emplearse para detectar la morbilidad relacionada con la erupción. Los sistemas que ya están establecidos, como el sistema nacional de vigilancia epidemiológica de Nicaragua, se pueden modificar o ampliar para mejorar su sensibilidad a nuevos casos y, por ende, su capacidad de ofrecer servicios de notificación apropiados a los organismos de socorro médico.

Published
1997

45. Estimating population size in emergencies

Author

Noji, Eric K.

Subjects
Disasters, Population Density, Biometry, Models, Statistical, Humans, Disaster Planning, Emergencies, Sampling Studies, Research Article
Published
2005

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