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In an era of globalization, social demands for fostering global citizenship are increasing. Global citizens are those who have a critical understanding of interconnectedness, share values of responsibility, have respect for differences, and commit themselves to action. Global citizenship education has recently emerged as a prominent issue in Korea, a nation faced with the inflow of immigrants and international pushing for global citizenship education such as the Sustainable Development Goals. Development nongovernmental organizations have taken up the role of delivering global citizenship education. It is necessary to examine how development nongovernmental organizations' pedagogic legitimacy has been constructed and exercised in the context of Korea. This article critically discusses development nongovernmental organizations' roles in global citizenship education and suggests some improvements in the areas of 'effectiveness and expertise, contextualization, and greater attention to human rights and action for social justice' to be an alternative to the state-led global citizenship education, which is characterized as assimilation model and 'us and them' rhetoric.

While evidence is growing in relation to emotions in international relations, emotions in aid policy have been little researched. Emotions can deepen the understanding of national norms and identities, in which aid policies are grounded. Korea is establishing its norms and identities as a non-traditional donor. This article explores Korean aid, focusing on emotions as presented and circulated in publicly available documents produced by governmental aid agencies, civil society, and news media. The findings confirm that the identified emotions – including national pride, the sense of global responsibility, and friendship – reflect and construct Korean aid norms and identities. This study suggests the role of emotions in consolidating conflicting norms, shaping a unique donor identity, and building public awareness and support. This study extends the current understanding of Korean aid by highlighting the need for more attention to the emotions in aid policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Establishing development ethics is a rising concern for Korean NGOs with a relatively short history of engaging in international community development. This study explores the ethical challenges faced by Korean development practitioners. This study draws on in-depth interviews with 13 Korean development practitioners experienced in community development projects in Asia and Africa. The exploration of contexts affecting ethical practices suggests the influence of religion, professionalism and boundaries, neo-liberal and managerial culture. The findings of this study highlight the significance of reflective practices for development ethics by illustrating how development practitioners identified and constructed norms and principles through critical encounters with their emotions and challenges in practice. This study's practical implications include drawing attention to emotions as a source of reflection by involving underpinning values and judgement. The importance of reflective practices warrants further exploration of building collective ethics to inform and challenge international community development practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the rise of human rights-based approaches to development (HRBA), there is no comprehensive overview of recent empirical studies. This scoping review was conducted to collate empirical research on HRBA programmes in developing countries. This research reviewed twenty-nine studies published between 2015 and 2019 to discern the patterns in current understandings and explore the operationalisation and contribution of HRBAs. Overall, development practices in the name of HRBAs varied considerably. Results of the analysis revealed that (a) the right to health was more studied, (b) programmes were designed primarily for marginalised people, (c) principles of participation and empowerment were widely highlighted, and (d) positive changes at individual and programme levels were more reported that those at societal and structural levels. Given the predominance of qualitative studies, thematic analysis was additionally conducted. The analysis highlighted the role of theories, the influence of contexts and development players, tensions between conflicting rights, and added values of HRBAs. The key findings, including identified challenges and strengths, can have potential implications for development practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the truth-telling practices of ‘comfort women’ memory activism through the lens of coloniality and decoloniality. It examines how the colonial legacy has silenced and marginalised the voice of survivors and activists in their past and ongoing pursuit of truth and justice. This study discusses the transnational and transgenerational aspects of truth-telling practices with a focus on memory activism in Australia. Australia's historical connections to ‘comfort women’ and diasporic space for decolonial encounters have enriched memory activism in Australia. The article highlights that truth-telling practices of survivors and activists have challenged the coloniality of power, knowledge and gender by valuing marginalised voices, contesting colonial imaginaries and constructing collective memory for the decolonial present and future. It suggests decolonial praxis as a direction for ‘comfort women’ memory activism in transnational and transgenerational spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the interaction between a human rights-based approach (HRBA) and pre-existing dominant development practices – microfinance in the context of Bangladesh. A case study of an NGO shows that its HRBA and microfinance challenged and influenced each other. The dialogue between the HRBA and microfinance was promoted by locally based practitioners who know both discourses and local contexts. The findings suggest that hybrid practices of a HRBA and microfinance were developed as a strategic choice to respond to local needs. Noted tensions between a purist approach and a strategic approach warrant further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the role of reflexivity in negotiating the researcher's positions while undertaking qualitative research in an international setting. Negotiating my positions between a researcher and a student and/or practitioner, and an insider and an outsider was complicated. This article suggests that endogenous and referential reflexivity can contribute towards reflecting a researcher's positionality and its potential influence on the research process and findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]