Search

A toxidez de Mn pode ser atenuada, em algumas situações, pela micorrização das plantas. Mecanismos diretos e indiretos podem estar envolvidos nesse processo. Este trabalho visou avaliar o efeito intrínseco do fungo micorrízico arbuscular (FMA) na absorção e translocação de Mn por plantas de soja. Inicialmente, testaram-se três espécies de FMA quanto à capacidade de propiciar crescimento das plantas sob excesso de Mn. Glomus macrocarpum foi a mais eficiente em proteger as plantas contra o excesso de Mn, resultado da maior retenção de Mn nas raízes e menor translocação para a parte aérea. A simbiose com Gigaspora margarita foi ineficiente e limitou o desenvolvimento das plantas. Num segundo experimento, empregaram-se um cultivar tolerante e outro sensível ao excesso de Mn, em associação ou não com G. macrocarpum. Pretendeu-se verificar ocorrência de oxidação de Mn nas raízes das plantas micorrizadas, sob excesso de Mn. Não houve efeito da micorrização na oxidação de Mn nas raízes, mas na dose de 15 mg kg-1 de Mn, as plantas micorrizadas tiveram maior teor de Mn nas raízes. Houve efeito do cultivar, tendo o tolerante apresentado maior oxidação de Mn nas raízes.

Short-term variability in composition and abundance of copepod populations were studied during the dry (winter) and rainy (summer) seasons, at the dam region of Jurumirim Reservoir, São Paulo, Brazil. An intensive sampling program was carried out during 30 days in each period of the year. Samples and measurements were taken every other day at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 m depths. The relationship between variability of the populations and some environmental factors was analyzed. The main species were: Argyrodiaptomus furcatus (Sars), Notodiaptomus iheringi (Wright), Mesocyclops longisetus (Thiébaud), Thermocyclops decipiens (Fischer), and T. minutus (Lowndes). Thermocyclops minutus was the most abundant species in dry season and its abundance varied significantly between sampling days. A large increase in abundance of calanoids occurred during the rainy season. This increase was correlated with higher temperature values. At that time, Notodiaptomus iheringi was dominant. This species showed significant short-term variations in abundance in both dry and rainy seasons. Significant variation in density of populations within the same sampling period might result from either the dispersion pattern of the populations or continuous substitution of the water masses. Significant correlation was observed between copepod abundance and temperature, especially for species of calanoids and there was also some correlations between densities of particular species of copepods and some phytoplankton taxa, mainly during the dry season. As for vertical distribution, most organisms were found between the surface and 15 m deep. During the rainy season, there was some evidence of the occurrence of spatial segregation between species of cyclopoids and calanoids, with the cyclopoids in a deeper position within the water column.

The article discusses the inter-rater reliability of the International Hidradenitis Suppurativa Severity Scoring System (IHS4) as a primary outcome measurement instrument for large clinical studies in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). The study involved 31 dermatology residents from 16 countries who evaluated 10 HS patients with varying disease severity. The results showed that the IHS4 had excellent inter-rater reliability among the raters, indicating its suitability for use in large clinical studies. However, the evaluation of HS lesions without weighting and the evaluation of inflammatory nodules and abscesses only led to reduced reliability. The article concludes that the IHS4 is a reliable instrument for assessing HS in clinical studies. [Extracted from the article]