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Family Telothelepodidae Nogueira, Fitzhugh & Hutchings, 2013 Figs 3���4 Diagnosis (after Nogueira et al. 2018; Hutchings et al. 2021a, most important diagnostic characters highlighted in bold) Transverse prostomium attached to dorsal surface of upper lip; basal part as thick crest, eyespots frequently present in one pair of dorso-lateral clusters, each with several rows of eyespots (Fig. 3A); distal part at base of upper lip, frequently with low or erect mid-dorsal tongue-like process, fused to upper lip at variable degrees, with free distal lobe(s), or free from the base. Buccal tentacles of two types, short ones thin, uniformly cylindrical, long tentacles stouter and expanded at tips, slightly spatulate (Figs 3A���B, F, 4A). Peristomium forming lips and continuing dorsally at least for short extension, with dorso-lateral nuchal organs at margin with prostomium; lips expanded, upper lip distinctly elongate and narrow, undulated to convoluted; swollen lower lip extending across ventrum, cushion-like or segment-like, frequently deeply grooved (Figs 3A���B, 4A). Either SG I or SG II reduced, not forming complete ring in many species. Anterior segments glandular ventrally, smooth, discrete shields absent and frequently with glandular regions poorly developed in comparison to other families of Terebellidae s.l.; mid-ventral groove frequently extending from anterior segments. Two pairs of cirriform branchiae on SG II���III, each pair with simple thin, curled and relatively short filaments progressively tapering to tips (Figs 3A, 4A), originating from raised crests on anterior margins of SG II and III, or from specialised, apparently glandular, dorso-lateral cushion-like pads occupying from anterior margins to level of posterior bases of notopodia of those segments. Notopodia beginning from SG II or III, usually SG III, extending for at least 15 segments; notopodia as short cones, notochaetae originating from central core on top, distal lobes absent; notochaetae winged, sometimes with bulbous head and alimbate tips (bayonet-like chaetae), at least in anterior row of anterior thoracic segments. Neuropodia beginning posteriorly to notopodia, usually around SG VIII���XII; neuropodia in conjunction with notopodia as sessile tori, as distinctly low pinnules after notopodia terminate; neurochaetae in single row, as avicular uncini about as long as high, with short triangular heel directed posteriorly, wide and slightly curved base, and dorsal button near midlength of uncini, but closer to anterior margin (Fig. 4E). Nephridial and genital papillae, if conspicuous, on SG V���VII, posterior to bases of notopodia. Remarks This recent family was described by Nogueira et al. (2013) after conducting a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis. The members of this family were previously considered as Thelepodidae but differ in having a narrow and elongate upper lip, poorly developed neuropodia and anterior segments less glandular ventrally than in other thelepodids. In European waters, this family is represented by a single species, Parathelepus collaris (Figs 3A���B, 4A, E; Table 1), characterised by an expanded, tongue-like upper lip, by neuropodia poorly developed and beginning from SG XI., Published as part of Lavesque, Nicolas, Hutchings, Pat, Londo��o-Mesa, Mario H., Nogueira, Jo��o M. M., Daffe, Guillemine, Nygren, Arne, Blanchet, Hugues, Bonif��cio, Paulo, Broudin, Caroline, Dauvin, Jean-Claude, Droual, Gabin, Gouillieux, Benoit, Grall, Jacques, Guyonnet, Benjamin, Houbin, C��line, Humbert, Suzie, Janson, Anne-Laure, Jourde, J��r��me, Labrune, C��line, Lamarque, Bastien, Latry, Lise, Garrec, Vincent Le, Pelaprat, Corine, Pezy, Jean-Philippe, Sauriau, Pierre-Guy & Montaudouin, Xavier De, 2021, The " Spaghetti Project ": the final identification guide to European Terebellidae (sensu lato) (Annelida, Terebelliformia), pp. 108-156 in European Journal of Taxonomy 782 (1) on page 124, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.782.1593, http://zenodo.org/record/5781605, {"references":["Nogueira J. M. M., Fitzhugh K. & Hutchings P. 2013. The continuing challenge of phylogenetic relationships in Terebelliformia (Annelida: Polychaeta). Invertebrate Systematics 27: 186 - 238. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 12062.","Nogueira J. M. M., Carrerette O., Hutchings P. & Fitzhugh K. 2018. Systematic review of the species of the family Telothelepodidae Nogueira, Fitzhugh & Hutchings, 2013 (Annelida, Terebelliformia), with descriptions of three new species. Marine Biology Research 14: 217 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2017.1401729.","Hutchings P., Nogueira J. M. N. & Carrerette O. 2021 a. Terebellidae Johnston, 1846. In: Schmidt- Rhaesa A. Hr., Beutel R. G., Glaubrecht M., Kristensen N. P., Prendini L., Purschke G., Richter S., Westheide, W. & Leschen R. Z. E. (eds) Handbook of Zoology. A Natural History of the Phyla of the Animal Kingdom: 1 - 64. Walter de Gruyter & Co, Berlin."]}

Family Thelepodidae Hessle, 1917 Figs 1F, 3���4 Diagnosis (after Hutchings et al. 2021a, most important diagnostic characters highlighted in bold) Transverse prostomium attached to dorsal surface of upper lip; basal part as thick crest, eyespots frequently present, in short lateral rows, or extending transversely across basal part of prostomium, usually progressively more spaced towards dorsal mid-line, with mid-dorsal gap or not; distal part of base of upper lip short, from nearly indistinct to shelf-like. Buccal tentacles all uniformly thin and cylindrical, to slightly spatulate distally (Figs 3D, F, 4B). Peristomium forming lips, sometimes also complete annulation, with dorso-lateral nuchal organs as ciliated grooves; lips expanded, relatively short upper lip, hood-like, about as long as wide; swollen, button-like, mid-ventral lower lip (Figs 3D, F, 4B���C). Segment 1 usually present all around, frequently with ventral lobe marginal to mouth (Figs 3D, F, 4B���C); SG II typically with anterior margin as protruding crest, at least ventrally (Figs 3D���E, 4B���C); lobes on following anterior segments sometimes present. Anterior segments highly glandular ventrally, smooth to highly corrugated between neuropodia within pairs, discrete shields absent (Figs 3D F, 4B); mid-ventral groove frequently extending from anterior segments with notopodia. Two to three pairs of branchiae, on SG II���III or II���IV, each pair with simple thin, curled and relatively short filaments progressively tapering to tips (Figs 3C, E, 4C), leaving mid-dorsal gap or not between filaments within pairs; branchial filaments originating directly from the body wall or from specialised dorsolateral cushion-like pads. Notopodia beginning on SG II���III, usually extending to mid-body, at least, sometimes until near posterior end; cylindrical to rectangular, distally bilobed notopodia, notochaetae originating between lobes; most taxa with winged notochaetae only, with wings of variable width (Fig. 4D), distally serrated notochaetae sometimes also present; bayonet-like and pinnate chaetae both absent. Neuropodia beginning posteriorly to notopodia, on SG IV���VI, typically on SG V; neuropodia in conjunction with notopodia as fleshy, swollen ridges, as raised rectangular to cylindrical pinnules after notopodia terminate; neurochaetae as avicular uncini frequently longer than high, with short triangular heel directed posteriorly, distinctly curved and wide base, and dorsal button near anterior margin of uncini, or within anterior third of distance between anterior margin of uncini and base of main fang (Fig. 4F). Nephridial and genital papillae usually present, on SG IV���VII, posterior to bases of notopodia or between parapodial lobes (Fig. 3C). Remarks A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis conducted by Nogueira et al. (2013) permitted the elevation of the previous Thelepodinae subfamily to Thelepodidae family level, as they represented a separate clade from other terebellids. This family is represented in European waters by three genera Euthelepus McIntosh, 1885 (a single species), Streblosoma Sars, 1872 (seven species) and Thelepus Leuckart, 1849 (nine species) (Table 1). Among these species, Thelepus japonicus Marenzeller, 1884, native from Japan, is considered as a non-indigeneous species in French waters, probably introduced with oyster transfers (Lavesque et al. 2020a) (Fig. 3C). Main morphological characters of European species BRANCHIAE. Both in Thelepus and Streblosoma genera, the number of pairs of branchiae varies between two (e.g., Streblosoma lindsayae or Thelepus nucleolata) and three (e.g., Streblosoma hutchingsae or Thelepus setosus). Branchiae in Thelepodidae are always cirriform (Figs 3C, E, 4C) but the number of branchial filaments varies among the species with for example 5���10 filaments on the second and third pairs of branchiae for Streblosoma cabiochi (Fig. 3E) and only three or less filaments for Streblosoma intestinale. Finally, the size of the medial dorsal gap separating the pairs of branchiae is a good diagnostic character. This gap is for example inconspicuous for T. parapari and wide for Thelepus cincinnatus (Nogueira 2019). PRESENCE OF EYESPOTS. The eyespots are very useful in differentiating species of Streblosoma and Thelepus for which they can be absent (e.g., Thelepus davehalli or Streblosoma hutchingsae) or present (e.g.m Thelepus corsicanus or Streblosoma nogueirai). Also, the arrangement of the eyespots, if in a continuous line, or leaving a medial gap is of taxonomic importance (Nogueira et al. 2010). START AND EXTENSION OF NOTOPODIA. The segment with the first appearance of notopodia permits the discrimination between the genus Streblosoma, for which notopodia begin on the second segment, and Euthelepus and Thelepus for which it begins on the third segment. These notopodia also extend for a variable number of segments, sometimes present only on the anterior half of the body (e.g., T. corsicanus) or present until the end of the body (T. japonicus). SHAPE OF NEUROPODIA AND UNCINI. In most of the species, the uncini start on SGV which could correspond to CH 3 (as in Thelepus) or CH 4 (as in Streblosoma). The uncini are arranged habitually in single rows but some have uncini forming loops (C-shaped arrangement) from mid thorax onwards. This last character is found for example in S. nogueirai. Between species, the uncini differ in the development of the prow (e.g., well developed in T. triserialis), the shape of the base (e.g., strongly curved in S. cabiochi), the position of the dorsal button (e.g., far from anterior margin in S. bairdi or in a terminal position for T. japonicus (Fig. 1F) and number of secondary of teeth. CREST AND LATERAL LOBES. The presence of lateral lobes on SG II���IV allows the separation of the genus Euthelepus from other genera of the family. The presence of lateral crests on SG II (= thick anterior margin) is an important character within the Streblosoma genus. For example, S. cabiochi has a very low crest on SG II (Fig. 4C) while S. bairdi has a protruding crest (Nogueira 2019). Key to European species of Thelopodidae (after Lavesque et al. 2020a ) 1. Notopodia from SG II (i.e., first branchiferous segment), start of uncini from CH 4.............................................................................................................................................................2 (Streblosoma) ��� Notopodia from SG III (i.e., second branchiferous segment), start of uncini from CH 3.................. 8 2. Two pairs of branchiae................................................................................................................................................................ Streblosoma lindsayae Lavesque, Londo��o-Mesa, Daffe & Hutchings, 2020 ��� Three pairs of branchiae.................................................................................................................... 3 3. Uncini arranged in C-shaped loops from mid thorax....................................................................... 4 ��� Uncini always in straight rows......................................................................................................... 6 4. Notopodia not extending to posterior body...................................................................................... 5 ��� Notopodia until posterior body................. Streblosoma pseudocomatus Lezzi & Giangrande, 2019 5. Eyespots absent.............................................. Streblosoma hutchingsae Lezzi & Giangrande, 2019 ��� Eyespots present................................................. Streblosoma nogueirai Lezzi & Giangrande, 2019 6- Branchiae on SG III and SG IV with 3 or less filaments on each side.......................................................................................................................... Streblosoma intestinale M. Sars in G.O. Sars, 1872 ��� Branchiae on SG III and SG IV with 5���10 filaments on each side.................................................. 7 7. Absence of prostomial process, presence of lateral crest on SG II, absence of branchial cushion............................................. Streblosoma cabiochi Lavesque, Londo��o-Mesa, Daffe & Hutchings, 2020 ��� Presence of prostomial process, absence of lateral crest on SG II, presence of branchial cushion................................................................................... Streblosoma bairdi (Malmgren, 1866) 8. Lateral lobes on SG II���IV................................................. Euthelepus setubalensis McIntosh, 1885 ��� Lateral lobes on SG I only.............................................................................................. 9 (Thelepus) 9. Two pairs of branchiae.................................................................................................................... 10 ��� Three pairs of branchiae................................................................................................................. 15 10. Uncini in a single row throughout...................................................................................................11 ��� Uncini in loops from SG XIV.............................................. Thelepus nucleolata (Clapar��de, 1870) 11. Notopodia present on 50���66% of body length............................................................................... 12 ��� Notopodia present on at least 90% of body length......................................................................... 13 12. Eyespots absent................................................................................ Thelepus davehalli Jirkov, 2018 ��� Eyespots present.............. Thelepus corsicanus Lavesque, Londo��o-Mesa, Daffe & Hutchings, 2020 13. Uncini of CH 1 with one tooth above main fang............................................................................ 14 ��� Uncini of CH 1 with two teeth above main fang............................. Thelepus parapari Jirkov, 2018 14. Eyespots present................................................................. Thelepus cincinnatus (Fabricius, 1780) ��� Eyespots absent................................................................................. Thelepus marthae Jirkov, 2018 15. Prow of uncini well developed; notch between the prow and dorsal button of the uncini well marked......................................................................................... Thelepus triserialis (Grube, 1855) ��� Prow of uncini poorly developed; notch between the prow and dorsal button of the uncini poorly marked............................................................................................................................................ 16 16. Notopodia present on about 60% of the body length............. Thelepus setosus (Quatrefages, 1866) ��� Notopodia present until end of the body length.................... Thelepus japonicus Marenzeller, 1884, Published as part of Lavesque, Nicolas, Hutchings, Pat, Londo��o-Mesa, Mario H., Nogueira, Jo��o M. M., Daffe, Guillemine, Nygren, Arne, Blanchet, Hugues, Bonif��cio, Paulo, Broudin, Caroline, Dauvin, Jean-Claude, Droual, Gabin, Gouillieux, Benoit, Grall, Jacques, Guyonnet, Benjamin, Houbin, C��line, Humbert, Suzie, Janson, Anne-Laure, Jourde, J��r��me, Labrune, C��line, Lamarque, Bastien, Latry, Lise, Garrec, Vincent Le, Pelaprat, Corine, Pezy, Jean-Philippe, Sauriau, Pierre-Guy & Montaudouin, Xavier De, 2021, The " Spaghetti Project ": the final identification guide to European Terebellidae (sensu lato) (Annelida, Terebelliformia), pp. 108-156 in European Journal of Taxonomy 782 (1) on pages 124-129, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.782.1593, http://zenodo.org/record/5781605, {"references":["Hessle C. 1917. Zur Kenntnis der terebellomorphen Polychaeten. Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala 5: 39 - 258. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 38891407 [accessed 8 Nov. 2021].","Hutchings P., Nogueira J. M. N. & Carrerette O. 2021 a. Terebellidae Johnston, 1846. In: Schmidt- Rhaesa A. Hr., Beutel R. G., Glaubrecht M., Kristensen N. P., Prendini L., Purschke G., Richter S., Westheide, W. & Leschen R. Z. E. (eds) Handbook of Zoology. A Natural History of the Phyla of the Animal Kingdom: 1 - 64. Walter de Gruyter & Co, Berlin.","Nogueira J. M. M., Fitzhugh K. & Hutchings P. 2013. The continuing challenge of phylogenetic relationships in Terebelliformia (Annelida: Polychaeta). Invertebrate Systematics 27: 186 - 238. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 12062.","McIntosh W. C. 1885. Report on the Annelida Polychaeta collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Zoology 12: 1 - 554. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 50688432 [accessed 8 Nov. 2021].","Sars G. O. 1872. Diagnoser af nye Annelider fra Christianiaforden, efter Professor M. Sar's efterladte Manuskripter. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania 1871: 406 - 417. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 44067540 [accessed 8 Nov. 2021]","Leuckart R. 1849. Zur Kenntnis der Fauna von Island. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 15 (1): 149 - 208.","Marenzeller E. 1884. Sudjapanische Anneliden. II. Ampharetea, Terebellacea, Sabellacea, Serpulacea. Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 49 (2): 197 - 224.","Lavesque N., Londono-Mesa M. H., Daffe G. & Hutchings P. 2020 a. A revision of the French Telothelepodidae and Thelepodidae (Annelida, Terebelliformia), with descriptions of three species and first European record of a non-indigenous species. Zootaxa 4810 (2): 305 - 327. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4810.2.4","Nogueira J. M. M. 2019. Redescriptions of Streblosoma bairdi (Malmgren, 1866) and Thelepus cincinnatus (Fabricius, 1780), based on types and material from type localities. Zootaxa 4544 (3): 419 - 428. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4544.3.7","Nogueira J. M. M., Hutchings P. & Fukuda M. V. 2010. Morphology of terebelliform polychaetes (Annelida: Polychaeta: Terebelliformia), with a focus on Terebellidae. Zootaxa 2460 (1): 1 - 185. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2460.1.1","Lezzi M. & Giangrande A. 2019. New species of Streblosoma (Thelepodidae, Annelida) from the Mediterranean Sea: S. pseudocomatus sp. nov., S. nogueirai sp. nov. and S. hutchingsae sp. nov. Journal of Natural History 52 (43 - 44): 2857 - 2873. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2018.1556357","Malmgren A. J. 1866. Nordiska Hafs-Annulater. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 22: 355 - 410. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / part / 244483 [accessed 8 Nov. 2021].","Claparede E. 1870. Les annelides chetopodes du Golfe de Naples. Supplement. Memoires de la Societe de Physique et d'Histoire naturelle de Geneve 20 (2): 365 - 542. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2142","Fabricius O. 1780. Fauna Groenlandica, systematice sistens, Animalia Groenlandiae occidentalis hactenus indagata, quoad nomen specificum, triviale, vernaculumque synonyma auctorum plurium, descriptionem, locum, victum, generationem, mores, usum, capturamque singuli prout detegendi occasio fuit, maximaque parte secundum proprias observations. Impensis Ioannis Gottlob Rothe, Copenhagen et Leipzig [Hafniae et Lipsiae]. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13489","Grube A. E. 1855. Beschreibungen neuer oder wenig bekannter Anneliden. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 21 (1): 81 - 136. Available from https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 13989 [accessed 8 Nov. 2021].","Quatrefages A. de. 1866. Note sur la Classification des Annelides. Annales des Sciences Naturelles 5: 253 - 296."]}

Genus Brevicirrosyllis San Mart��n, L��pez & Aguado, 2009 Type species: Pionosyllis weismanni Langerhans, 1879, designated by San Mart��n et al. 2009. Diagnosis. Relatively small to mid-sized body, sometimes slender, elongate. Palps only basally fused, triangular, distally tapering. Prostomium usually with 2 pairs of eyes, 1 pair of anterior eyespots and 3 antennae. Peristomium with 2 pairs of cirri. Antennae, peristomial cirri and dorsal cirri of chaetiger 1 elongate, dorsal cirri of remaining chaetigers distinctly shorter, frequently nearly ovate; ventral cirri throughout digitiform, of similar size to parapodial lobes. Compound chaetae as falcigers only, blades bidentate, with short spinulation. Dorsal and ventral simple chaetae present at least on posteriormost chaetigers; ventral simple chaetae thick, bidentate, usually with translucent hood covering subdistal tooth. Pharynx with single tooth, close to anterior margin; proventricle similar in length to pharynx. Reproduction by epigamy (San Mart��n et al. 2009). Remarks. The genus currently includes five known species (San Mart��n et al. 2009), our finding representing the first account for Brazilian waters., Published as part of Fukuda, Marcelo V., Nogueira, Jo��o M. M. & Mart��n, Guillermo San, 2015, Eusyllinae and " Incertae sedis " syllids (Annelida: Syllidae) from South America, with a new species from Brazil and a new combination for a Peruvian species, pp. 507-537 in Zootaxa 3936 (4) on page 511, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3936.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/233492, {"references":["San Martin, G., Lopez, E. & Aguado, M. T. (2009) Revision of the genus Pionosyllis (Polychaeta: Syllidae: Eusyllinae), with a cladistic analysis, and the description of five new genera and two new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 89, 1455 - 1498. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315409003099","Langerhans, P. (1879) Die Wurmfauna von Madeira. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 32, 513 - 592"]}

Eusyllis nonatoi sp. nov. Figures 9���10; Table 1 Material examined. Project ' BIOTA '. Ubatuba���Praia da Fazenda (23 �� 21 ' 25 "S 44 �� 51 ' 55 "W), on rocky shore: 1 spec., 16 Oct 2001; Praia de Picinguaba (23 �� 22 ' 31 "S 44 �� 50 ' 21 "W), on rocky shore: 1 spec. (ZUEC-POL 16210), 9 May 2001; 2 specs (ZUEC-POL 16213), 17 Oct 2001; on Sargassum: 27 specs (ZUEC-POL 16211���16212), 8 Jun 2001; 68 specs (holotype, MUSP 2346; paratype 1, ZUEC-POL 16090; paratype 2, MZUSP 2347; 13 paratypes, MZUSP 2348; remaining specs, MZUSP 2494), 18 Oct 2001. Caraguatatuba���Praia Martim de S�� (23 �� 37 ' 34 "S 45 �� 22 ' 31 "W), on Sargassum: 11 specs (ZUEC-POL 16209), 16 Mar 2001; 52 specs (paratype 3, ZUEC-POL 16091; paratype 4, MZUSP 2354; 2 paratypes, USNM 1273435; remaining specs, MZUSP 2493), 27 Sep 2001. S��o Sebasti��o���Praia da Baleia (23 �� 46 ' 48 "S 45 �� 39 ' 51 "W), on rocky shore: 1 spec. (ZUEC-POL 16208), 8 Apr 2001; on Sargassum: 2 specs (paratypes, MNCN 16.01 / 13188), 10 Apr 2001; 31 specs (MZUSP 2492), 14 Nov 2001. Project ' BIOPOL'. Ubatuba���Praia do F��lix (23 �� 23 ' 34 "S 44 �� 58 ' 19 "W): 1 spec. (ZUEC-POL 16205), 4 Nov 2002; Praia de Domingas Dias (23 �� 30 '00"S 45 ��08' 38 "W): 1 spec. (MZUSP 2489), 2 Nov 2002. S��o Sebasti��o���Praia da Baleia (23 �� 46 ' 48 "S 45 �� 39 ' 51 "W): 12 specs (MZUSP 2487), 23 Jul 2005; 2 specs (ZUEC-POL 16204), 17 Oct 2005; Praia de Toque-Toque Grande (23 �� 50 ' 12 "S 45 �� 30 ' 40 "W): 13 specs (MZUSP 2490), 21 Jul 2005. Guaruj�����Praia de Pernambuco (23 �� 58 ' 20 "S 46 �� 11 '02"W): 7 specs (MZUSP 2491), 22 Jun 2005; 8 specs (ZUEC- POL 16207), 4 Oct 2005. Itanha��m���Praia do Sonho (24 �� 11 ' 44 "S 46 �� 48 '05"W): 2 specs (MZUSP 2488), 14 Jun 2003; 1 spec. (ZUEC-POL 16206), 26 Aug 2003. Type series. All type specimens collected by the Project ' BIOTA ' team. Holotype (MZUSP 2346), paratypes 1���2 (ZUEC-POL 16090 and MZUSP 2347, respectively) and thirteen paratypes (MZUSP 2348) collected at Praia de Pincinguaba (23 �� 22 ' 31 "S 44 �� 50 ' 21 "W), Ubatuba, State of S��o Paulo, Brazil, intertidal, on assemblage of algae, 18 Oct 2001. Paratypes 3���4 (ZUEC-POL 16091 and MZUSP 2354, respectively) and two other paratypes (USNM 1273435) collected at Praia Martim de S�� (23 �� 37 ' 34 "S 45 �� 22 ' 31 "W), Caraguatatuba, State of S��o Paulo, Brazil, intertidal, on Sargassum, 27 Sep 2001. Two paratypes (MNCN 16.01 / 13188) collected at Praia da Baleia (23 �� 46 ' 48 "S 45 �� 39 ' 51 "W), S��o Sebasti��o, State of S��o Paulo, Brazil, intertidal, on Sargassum, 10 Apr 2001. Morphological data of selected specimens of the type series are provided in Table 1. Description. Relatively small bodied, largest specimen examined paratype 2 (MZUSP 2347), 5.56 mm long, 0.33 mm wide, with 41 segments (Table 1). Pigmentation as 2 transverse, dark stripes dorsally per segment, one at each margin, anterior and posterior, usually more evident on midbody chaetigers (Figs 9 A; 10 A). Palps distally rounded, fused along basal 1 / 3, occasionaly only with tip to distal half bent ventralwards (Figs 9 A; 10 B, D). Prostomium ovate, nearly rounded, with 2 pairs of eyes in open trapezoidal arrangement and 1 pair of small, anterior eyesposts (Figs 9 A; 10 A); lateral antennae inserted slightly anteriorly to anterior pair of eyes, extending slightly beyond palps; median antenna inserted centrally, between eyes or slightly backwards, up to 2.5 times longer than lateral antennae (Figs 9 A; 10 A���B); nuchal organ as a transverse, discontinuous row of cilia around posterior margin of prostomium (Fig. 10 B). Peristomium dorsally short; dorsal peristomial cirri approximately as long as median antenna or slightly longer, ventral peristomial cirri ~ 1 / 4 length of dorsal ones (Figs 9 A; 10 B). Dorsal cirri of chaetiger 1 longer than dorsal peristomial cirri; dorsal cirri of chaetigers 2���6 irregularly alternating in length, between those of dorsal and ventral peristomial cirri; from chaetiger 7 onwards, dorsal cirri alternating in length, longer cirri slightly longer than ventral peristomial cirri, usually directed upwards, shorter cirri approximately same length as ventral peristomial cirri or slightly shorter, usually directed laterally (Figs 9 A; 10 A���B, E). Lateral antennae, ventral peristomial cirri and shorter dorsal cirri spindle-shaped; antennae and cirri throughout smooth to wrinkled, antennae and longer cirri on anterior body frequently distally articulated; cirrophores present (Figs 9 A; 10 A���B, D���E). Ventral cirri ovate, as long as or slightly longer than parapodial lobes (Fig. 10 D). Parapodial lobes dorsally with 2 tufts of cilia, one close to bases of cirrophores, another near tips of lobes (Fig. 10 E). Anterior parapodia with 9���10 falcigers each, midbody with 7���13, posterior parapodia with 3���7 falcigers each (Table 1); shafts of falcigers distally spinulated (Figs 9 B���C; 10 C, H���I); blades unidentate, some chaetae on anterior body chaetigers with finely spinulated blades, remaining falcigers with smooth blades; blades with dorso-ventral gradation in length and shape, dorsalmost blades shorter and more strongly falcate, specially on mid- and posterior body, blades ~ 7���15 ��m long (Figs 9 B���C; 10 C, H���I; Table 1). Dorsal simple chaetae usually present from anterior body, almost straight, slightly bent distally, spinulated, distally rounded (Fig. 9 D) to bifid, with nearly inconspicuous teeth (Fig. 10 I); ventral simple chaetae only present on posteriormost parapodia, bidentate to subbidentate, subdistal tooth smaller than distal one (Fig. 9 E; Table 1). Anterior parapodia with 2 aciculae each, one of which straight, distally tapering, another distally irregularly expanded and spinulated (Fig. 9 F); mid- and posterior parapodia with 1 acicula each, of the second type (Fig. 9 G). Pharynx though 3���3.5 segments, opening surrounded by 10 large, rounded papillae, internally with fringe of cilia (Figs 9 A; 10 D, F���G; Table 1); central tooth relatively small, slightly conical, in anterior third of pharynx; trepan incomplete, with ~ 16 small teeth more conspicuous on ventral half, dorsal half frequently just subtly serrated (Fig. 10 F); proventricle wider than pharynx, relatively short, through 2.5���3 segments, with ~ 25���30 muscle cell rows (Fig. 9 A; Table 1). Remarks. Eusyllis nonatoi sp. nov. has falcigers with unidentate blades, as in E. kupfferi and E. maxima (Monro, 1930). However, E. kupfferi has blades longer than E. nonatoi sp. nov. (up to 27 ��m long) and the characteristic bayonet-shaped dorsal simple chaetae (San Mart��n & Hutchings 2006). Eusyllis maxima is a conspicuously larger species, with 80���100 falcigers in each anterior parapodium, dorsalmost falcigers with bidentate blades, and proventricle through 4���10 segments, with ~ 120 muscle cell rows (Jim��nez et al. 1995). Etymology. The species is named in honor of Prof. Edmundo Ferraz Nonato, the scientific father, grandfather and great-grandfather of all polychaetologists in Brazil, who recently passed away at the age 93., Published as part of Fukuda, Marcelo V., Nogueira, Jo��o M. M. & Mart��n, Guillermo San, 2015, Eusyllinae and " Incertae sedis " syllids (Annelida: Syllidae) from South America, with a new species from Brazil and a new combination for a Peruvian species, pp. 507-537 in Zootaxa 3936 (4) on pages 521-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3936.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/233492, {"references":["Monro, C. C. A. (1930) Polychaete worms. Discovery Reports, 2, 1 - 222.","San Martin, G. & Hutchings, P. (2006) Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the description of a new genus and fifteen new species. Records of the Australian Museum, 58, 257 - 370. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.58.2006.1466","Jimenez, M., San Martin, G. & Lopez, E. (1995). Pionosyllis maxima Monro, 1930, P. anops Hartman, 1953, and P. epipharynx Hartman, 1953, redescribed as Eusyllis maxima (Monro, 1930), a new combination (Polychaeta: Syllidae: Eusyllinae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 108 (3), 496 - 501"]}

Genus Opisthodonta Langerhans, 1879 Type species: Opisthodonta morena Langerhans, 1879 Diagnosis. Body of medium to large size. Prostomium with 2 pairs of eyes and 1 pair of anterior eyespots; 3 antennae; palps basally fused, usually broader than prostomium. Nuchal organs as 1 pair of ciliated grooves between prostomium and peristomium; peristomium with 2 pairs of cirri. Antennae, peristomial and dorsal cirri throughout smooth, long and slender; anterior ventral cirri foliaceous, fused to parapodial lobes on anteriormost chaetigers, remaining ventral cirri conical to digitiform. Compound chaetae as falcigers with bidentate blades, usually heavily spinulated; spiniger-like chaetae present in some species. Dorsal and ventral simple chaetae rarely present. Massive pharynx and proventricle, pharyngeal tooth away from anterior margin, usually near mid-length of pharynx; trepan absent. Reproduction by epigamy (cf. San Mart��n 2003). Remarks. Despite being relatively large syllids, members of Opisthodonta have fragile bodies, easily breaking apart by handling. Depending on the collection methodology, complete specimens are rarely obtained, thus accurate descriptions of these taxa are frequently not possible. In some cases, such as in Opisthodonta russelli San Mart��n, L��pez & Aguado, 2009, original descriptions were based only on fragments; thus, some data on posterior body characters are first reported herein. This is the first occurrence of the genus for the Brazilian coast., Published as part of Fukuda, Marcelo V., Nogueira, Jo��o M. M. & Mart��n, Guillermo San, 2015, Eusyllinae and " Incertae sedis " syllids (Annelida: Syllidae) from South America, with a new species from Brazil and a new combination for a Peruvian species, pp. 507-537 in Zootaxa 3936 (4) on page 525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3936.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/233492, {"references":["Langerhans, P. (1879) Die Wurmfauna von Madeira. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 32, 513 - 592","San Martin, G. (2003) Annelida Polychaeta II: Syllidae. In: Ramos, M. A. et al. (Eds.), Fauna Iberica. Vol. 21. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, pp. 1 - 544.","San Martin, G., Lopez, E. & Aguado, M. T. (2009) Revision of the genus Pionosyllis (Polychaeta: Syllidae: Eusyllinae), with a cladistic analysis, and the description of five new genera and two new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 89, 1455 - 1498. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315409003099"]}

Eusyllis assimilis Marenzeller, 1875 Figures 6���7 Eusyllis assimilis Marenzeller, 1875: 158 ���160, pl. 3, fig. 2; San Mart��n 1984: 82 ���83, figs 10, 12A���C; 2003: 114���117, figs 52���53; San Mart��n & Hutchings 2006: 273 ���276, figs 10���12 A���C. Material examined. Project ' REVIZEE '. State of S��o Paulo��� 24 ��07��S 44 �� 42��W, 101 m: 6 specs (ZUEC-POL 10459), 11 Jan 1998; 24 ��07���S 45 �� 51 ���W, 147 m: 34 specs (MZUSP 1384), 9 Jan 1998; 24 �� 20��S 44 ��09��W, 258 m: 2 specs (MZUSP 1383), 10 Jan 1998; 25 �� 36 ���S 45 �� 13 ���W, 380 m: 1 spec., 13 Jan 1998. Project ' Habitats '. 21 �� 22 ' 58 "S 40 �� 19 ' 41 "W, 52 m: 3 specs (MZUSP 1392; ZUEC-POL 12927), 5 Mar 2009, and 2 specs (MZUSP 1393), 21 Jul 2009; 21 �� 42 ' 53 "S 40 �� 10 ' 15 "W, 98 m: 4 specs (MZUSP 1391; ZUEC-POL 12725), 9 Mar 2009; 21 �� 43 ' 9 "S 40 �� 11 ' 30 "W, 73 m: 5 specs (MZUSP 1390; ZUEC-POL 11040), 9 Mar 2009; 22 �� 3 ' 38 "S 40 �� 6 ' 59 "W, 89 m: 1 spec. (MZUSP 1389), 6 Jul 2009; 22 �� 3 ' 45 "S 40 �� 9 ' 59 "W, 75 m: 1 spec. (ZUEC-POL 10555), 25 Feb 2009; 22 �� 4 ' 14 "S 40 �� 6 ' 59 "W, 91 m: 1 spec. (MZUSP 1388), 25 Feb 2009; 22 �� 31 ' 7 "S 40 �� 31 ' 32 "W, 139 m: 1 spec. (MZUSP 1387), 23 Feb 2009; 22 �� 46 ' 54 "S 41 �� 3 ' 32 "W, 77 m: 1 spec. (ZUEC-POL 10552), 22 Feb 2009, and 2 specs (MZUSP 1386), 2 Jul 2009; 22 �� 52 ' 1 "S 40 �� 57 ' 28 "W, 92 m: 1 spec. (ZUEC-POL 10464), 22 Feb 2009; 22 �� 57 ' 28 "S 40 �� 50 ' 30 "W, 142 m: 1 spec., 21 Feb 2009; 23 �� 10 ' 4 "S 41 �� 3 ' 6 "W, 105 m: 2 specs (MZUSP 1385), 21 Feb 2009. Additional material examined. Eusyllis assimilis ��� Spain, Castell��n, Columbretes Islands, N of Columbrete Grande, 45 m: 8 specs (MNCN 16.01 / 8640), coll. Campanha Fauna III, 12 Jul 1994, det. G. San Mart��n; W of Columbrete Grande, 65���67.8 m: 1 spec. (MNCN 16.01 / 8645), coll. Campanha Fauna IV, 18 Jul 1996, det. G. San Mart��n. Australia, Western Australia, Kalbarri, Red Bluff, rocky shore (27 �� 42 'S 114 ��09'E), 3 m: 5 specs (AM W 28941), coll. J.K. Lowry, 10 Jan 1984, det. G. San Mart��n. Tasmanian Sea, Taupo Seamont (33 �� 16 ' 51 "S 156 ��09'09"E), 244 m: 17 specs (AM W 28925), coll. J.K. Lowry and party, R/V 'Franklin', 0 2 May 1989, det. G. San Mart��n. Description. Relatively small-sized body, largest specimens examined 3.15 mm long, 0.56 mm wide, with 35 segments. Palps ovate, divergent, basally fused. Prostomium ovate with 2 pairs of eyes in trapezoidal arrangement and 1 pair of anterior eyespots (Fig. 6 A); lateral antennae inserted on anterior margin of prostomium; median antenna inserted more posteriorly, on middle of prostomium, about twice as long as lateral antennae; nuchal organs as one pair of broad semi-circular rows of cilia close to posterior border of prostomium (Fig. 7 A, C). Peristomium shorter than subsequent segments; dorsal peristomial cirri about same length as median antenna, ventral peristomial cirri approximately same size as lateral antennae. Dorsal cirri of chaetiger 1 longer than remaining dorsal cirri, up to twice as long as dorsal peristomial cirri; remaining dorsal cirri alternating long cirri, as long as dorsal peristomial cirri, and short cirri, as long as ventral peristomial cirri, dorsal cirri progressivelly shorter towards posterior body. Antennae, peristomial, some anterior body dorsal cirri and anal cirri irregularly articulated distally (Figs 6 A; 7 A). Ventral cirri shorter than parapodial lobes, ovate on anterior body (Fig. 7 B), progressively pyriform towards posterior body. Parapodial lobes conical. Anterior parapodia with up to 30 falcigers each, midbody with 9���15, posterior parapodia with ~ 5 falcigers each; shafts of falcigers subdistally spinulated, with straight tips (Figs 6 B���C; 7 E���J); parapodia with 1���4 dorsalmost falcigers with thinner shafts, blades longer and thinner than remaining falcigers; blades of these longer falcigers bidentate, teeth of even size throughout, and up to ~ 42 ��m long on anterior body, ~ 25 ��m long on mid- and posterior body (Figs 6 B; 7 E, H); remaining falcigers with blades with short spinulation; blades bidentate, teeth of even size on anterior body (Figs 6 B; 7 F), subdistal tooth progressively larger and slightly hooked towards posterior body (Figs 6 C; 7 G, I���J); blades 25 ��� 15 ��m long on anterior body and midbody, 17 ��� 12 ��m long on posterior body. Dorsal simple chaetae only present on posterior body, thinner than shafts of falcigers, subdistally spinulated, unidentate (Fig. 6 D); ventral simple chaetae only present on posterior body, slightly spinulated subdistally, bidentate, subdistal tooth larger than distal one (Fig. 6 E). Anterior parapodia with 2 aciculae each, one of them subdistally bent, with rounded tip, another straight, distally pointed (Fig. 6 F); midbody and posterior parapodia with only 1 acicula each, thicker than those of anterior body chaetigers and more pronouncedly curved, with rounded tip (Fig. 6 G). Pygidium with pair of elongate anal cirri, up to same length as dorsal peristomial cirri. Pharynx through ~ 6 segments, opening surrounded by 10 large papillae; large, conical central tooth close to opening and complete or incomplete trepan formed by 25���45 denticles, more evident on ventral half (Figs 6 A; 7 A���B, D); proventricle through ~ 8���9 segments, with 45���50 muscle cell rows (Fig. 6 A). Remarks. The number of denticles in the trepan may vary and, usually, is difficult to assess, as these structures are tiny and only visible in dissected specimens, or in those with fully everted pharynx. Brusa et al. (2013) report that some specimens from the Mediterranean Sea and the Pacific Ocean may present a complete trepan, as observed in some of our specimens (Fig. 7 D). Type locality. Italy���around Triest (Adriatic Sea). Distribution. Pacific Ocean: New Zealand; Australia; Japan. Indian Ocean: Australia. Mediterranean Sea. Atlantic Ocean: East Atlantic Ocean, from English Channel to South Africa; Northwest Atlantic Ocean, from Canada to M��xico (San Mart��n 2003; San Mart��n & Hutchings 2006; Brusa et al. 2013). First occurrence in South American coasts., Published as part of Fukuda, Marcelo V., Nogueira, Jo��o M. M. & Mart��n, Guillermo San, 2015, Eusyllinae and " Incertae sedis " syllids (Annelida: Syllidae) from South America, with a new species from Brazil and a new combination for a Peruvian species, pp. 507-537 in Zootaxa 3936 (4) on pages 516-517, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3936.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/233492, {"references":["Marenzeller, E. (1875) Zur Kenntniss der adriatischen Anneliden. Polynoinen, Hesioneen, Syllideen. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, 72, 129 - 171.","San Martin, G. (1984) Estudio biogeografico, faunistico y sistematico de los Poliquetos de la familia Silidos (Syllidae: Polychaeta) en Baleares. Publicaciones de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 187, 1 - 581.","San Martin, G. & Hutchings, P. (2006) Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the description of a new genus and fifteen new species. Records of the Australian Museum, 58, 257 - 370. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.58.2006.1466","San Martin, G., Lopez, E. & Aguado, M. T. (2009) Revision of the genus Pionosyllis (Polychaeta: Syllidae: Eusyllinae), with a cladistic analysis, and the description of five new genera and two new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 89, 1455 - 1498. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315409003099","Brusa, V. S., Aguado, M. T., San Martin, G. & Rouse, G. (2013) Revision of the genus Eusyllis (Annelida: Phyllodocida: Syllidae: Eusyllinae), with the description of a new species from the eastern Pacific Ocean. Zootaxa, 3599 (1), 37 - 50. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3599.1.3","San Martin, G. (2003) Annelida Polychaeta II: Syllidae. In: Ramos, M. A. et al. (Eds.), Fauna Iberica. Vol. 21. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, pp. 1 - 544."]}

Amblyosyllis granosa Ehlers, 1897 Figures 1���2 Amblyosyllis granosa Ehlers, 1897: 58; Westheide 1974: 260 ���263, figs 30���31; non Verdes et al. 2013: 2120, figs 7���8. Material examined. Project 'BioPol'. Ubatuba���Praia do F��lix (23 �� 23 ' 34 "S 44 �� 58 ' 19 "W): 1 spec. (MZUSP 2384), 4 Nov 2002. S��o Sebasti��o���Praia de S��o Francisco (23 �� 44 ' 54 "S 45 �� 24 ' 33 "W): 1 spec., 19 Apr 2003; Praia do Ara���� (23 �� 48 ' 54 "S 45 �� 24 ' 24 "W): 2 specs, 25 Sep 2003. Additional material examined. Amblyosyllis granosa. Atlantic Ocean, Strait of Magellan, Punta Arenas: 1 spec. (type, ZMH V- 4751), coll. H. Mag. Samm., 73, det. Ehlers, 1897. Pterosyllis formosa corallicola Hartmann-Schr��der, 1960. Red Sea, Egypt, Sarso: 1 spec. (holotype, ZMH P- 14566), coll. Gerlach, 13 Nov 1957; Ghardaqa: 1 anterior end + posterior ends (paratypes, ZMH P- 14567), coll. Gerlach, Remane, Schulz, 15 Nov 1957. Description. Small-sized body, largest specimen examined ~ 5 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, with 13 chaetigers. Palps ovate, completely free from each other. Prostomium ovate with 2 coalescent pairs of eyes in trapezoidal arrangement (Fig. 1 A���B); lateral antennae inserted on anterior margin of prostomium, with up to 15 articles each; median antenna inserted slightly posterior to lateral ones, ~ 1 / 3 longer, with up to 21 subequal articles, basally smooth, with large cirrophore (Fig. 1 A���B); nuchal epaulettes relatively short, extending until close to posterior border of chaetiger 1 (Fig. 1 B). Peristomium dorsally short; dorsal peristomial cirri longer than median antenna, with up to 38 articles each, ventral peristomial cirri slightly shorter than lateral antennae, with ~ 10 articles each (Fig. 1 A). Dorsal cirri throughout of nearly even length, with 20���30 articles each, distal articles tapering; ventral cirri ovate, prominent, extending beyond parapodial lobes (Fig. 1 A). Antennae and cirri throughout with yellow to reddish granular inclusions (Fig. 1 A). Parapodial lobes distally bilobed. Anterior parapodia with 16���23 falcigers each; posterior parapodia with 25���35 falcigers each. Falciger shafts slightly spinulated subdistally, shafts progressivelly stouter towards posterior body (Fig. 2 A���B); falciger blades spinulated, with short straight spines, and bidentate, distal tooth larger; blades with dorso-ventral gradation in length, 42 ��� 22 ��m long on anterior body, 36 ��� 22 ��m long on posterior body (Fig. 2 A���B). Dorsal and ventral simple chaetae not observed. Anterior parapodia with up to 5 aciculae each (Fig. 2 C), progressively less aciculae per parapodium towards posterior body, last ones with only 2 aciculae each (Fig. 2 D); aciculae differing from each other only in thickness, all straight, distally pointed, tips protruding from parapodial lobes (Fig. 2 C���D). Pygidium rounded, anal cirri similar to dorsal cirri, incomplete in all specimens examined. Pharynx long, slender, with sinuation anterior to proventricle (Fig. 1 C); trepan with 6 tricuspidate teeth inserted in lobate base (Figs 1 C, 2 E); proventricle extending for ~ 1.5 segments, with ~ 13 muscle cell rows (Fig. 1 A, C). Biology. One specimen showed intracoelomic oocytes in chaetigers 6���11 and long natatory chaetae, indicating that it was starting to reproduce by epigamy (Fig. 1 A). Remarks. The only species of Amblyosyllis reported from Brazilian waters (Nogueira 2000) is A. formosa (Clapar��de, 1863), which has longer falciger blades (80 ��� 40 ��m) than A. granosa (42 ��� 22 ��m) and a trepan with monocuspidate teeth (tricuspidate in A. granosa). However, we examined these Brazilian specimens identified as A. formosa and they actually belong to a different species, probably still undescribed. We do not include that species in the present paper because the state of preservation of the material available does not allow for a proper description of the species. Type locality. Strait of Magellan (Atlantic Ocean). Distribution. Pacific Ocean: Gal��pagos Islands. Atlantic Ocean: Strait of Magellan. First occurrence for the Brazilian coast., Published as part of Fukuda, Marcelo V., Nogueira, Jo��o M. M. & Mart��n, Guillermo San, 2015, Eusyllinae and " Incertae sedis " syllids (Annelida: Syllidae) from South America, with a new species from Brazil and a new combination for a Peruvian species, pp. 507-537 in Zootaxa 3936 (4) on pages 509-511, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3936.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/233492, {"references":["Ehlers, E. (1897) Polychaeten. Hamburger Magalhaensische Sammelreise, 1897, 1 - 148.","Westheide, W. (1974) Interstitielle Fauna von Galapagos. XI. Pisionidae, Hesionidae, Pilargidae, Syllidae (Polychaeta). Mikrofauna des Meersbodens, 44, 195 - 338.","Verdes, A., Aguado, M. T. & San Martin, G. (2013) Re-description of some poorly known species of the family Syllidae (Annelida). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 93 (8), 2109 - 2122. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315413000660","Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1960) Polychaeten aus dem Roten Meer. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 16, 69 - 125.","Nogueira, J. M. M. (2000) Anelideos poliquetas associados ao coral Mussismilia hispida (Verril, 1868) em ilhas do litoral do Estado de Sao Paulo. Phyllodocida, Amphinomida, Eunicida, Spionida, Terebellida, Sabellida. Ph. D. Thesis, Instituto de Biociencias / USP, Sao Paulo, 265 pp.","Claparede, E. (1863) Beobachtungen uber Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte wirbelloser Thiere an der Kuste von Normandie angestellt. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 120 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10030"]}

Eusyllis liniata (Hartmann-Schr��der, 1962) comb. nov. Figure 8 Odontosyllis liniata Hartmann-Schr��der, 1962: 125 ���126, plate 9, figs 53���56; Verdes et al. 2011: 30 ���32, fig. 2. Material examined. Peru, Callao, between La Punta and El Camotal Island, on rhizoids of Macrocystis: 4 specs (paratypes, ZMH P- 19652), coll. Nodt, 29 May 1956; 3 specs (ZMH P- 14758), coll. Nodt, 29 May 1956. Description. Relatively small-sized body, largest fragment analysed with 22 segments, ~ 3 mm long, 0.35 mm wide. Faint pigmentation present on some specimens, as a discontinuous transverse dark stripe dorsally, at midlength of some anterior segments, more conspicuous close to bases of dorsal cirri, another longitudinal line dorso-laterally, close to each body lateral, and scattered dark spots on some cirri. Palps irregularly rounded, basally fused, ventrally bent to some extent. Prostomium ovate with 2 pairs of eyes in trapezoidal arrangement; antennae smooth to weakly wrinkled, lateral antennae inserted on anterior margin of prostomium, extending to almost twice length of palps; median antenna inserted more posteriorly, ~ 1 / 4 longer than lateral antennae. Peristomium shorter than subsequent segments; dorsal peristomial cirri up to same size as median antenna, ventral peristomial cirri approximately same size as lateral antennae. Dorsal cirri of chaetiger 1 usually longer than dorsal peristomial cirri; remaining dorsal cirri alternating longer cirri, as long as dorsal peristomial cirri, and shorter cirri, as long as ventral peristomial cirri. Antennae, peristomial and dorsal cirri with short cirrophores; cirrostyles distally pointing, lanceolate (Fig. 8 A). Ventral cirri slightly longer than parapodial lobes on first chaetigers, as long as parapodial lobes on following ones, ovate. Parapodial lobes conical to slightly bilobed, posterior lobe longer. Anterior parapodia with ~ 20 falcigers each, midbody with 12���20; shafts of falcigers subdistally spinulated, with straight tips; connective between shafts and blades spinulated, more conspicuously in dorsalmost chaetae; blades of falcigers spinulated and unidentate to subbidentate (Fig. 8 B���C); blades with inverted dorso-ventral gradation in length, ~ 10���15 ��m long. Dorsal simple chaetae present from right after proventricle chaetigers, thinner than shafts of falcigers, subdistally spinulated, bayonet-like shaped (Fig. 8 D); ventral simple chaetae not observed. Anterior parapodia with up to 2 aciculae each, one of them distally irregularly blunt, other slightly enlarged distally, with one side more pronounced than other (Fig. 8 E); midbody parapodia with 1 acicula each, thicker than on anterior body, subdistally bent, with rounded tip (Fig. 8 F). Pharynx through 3���4 segments with large, conical central tooth close to opening and trepan with 12 teeth (Fig. 8 G); proventricle through ~ 5 segments, with ~ 50 muscle cell rows (Fig. 8 A). Remarks. Eusyllis liniata comb. nov. was recently redescribed by Verdes et al. (2011) as Odontosyllis liniata but, for some features, such as the pharynx armature, the redescription was based in the original description (Hartmann-Schr��der 1962). However, the trepan in Odontosyllis has teeth pointing backwards and lacks central pharyngeal tooth, which differs from the structure we have observed in the paratypes of E. liniata comb. nov., as well as from the trepan illustrated in the original description (Hartmann-Schr��der 1962, pl. 9, fig. 56). Furthermore, other characters of E. liniata comb. nov. more closely resemble Eusyllis than Odontosyllis. Compared to the Brazilian species of Eusyllis, E. liniata comb. nov. presents falcigers resembling those of E. nonatoi sp. nov., except in the coarser spinulation on blades (Figs 8 B���C and 9 B���C), and thick, distally bent aciculae, similar to those of E. assimilis (see Figs 6 G and 8 F). In addition, the bayonet-like dorsal simple chaetae of E. liniata comb. nov. resemble those of Eusyllis kupfferi Langerhans, 1879 (see San Mart��n & Hutchings 2006). The holotype (ZMH P- 14757) is possibly missing, since the vial was found empty. Type locality. Peru���Callao (Pacific Ocean). Distributon. Only known from Peru (Pacific Ocean)., Published as part of Fukuda, Marcelo V., Nogueira, Jo��o M. M. & Mart��n, Guillermo San, 2015, Eusyllinae and " Incertae sedis " syllids (Annelida: Syllidae) from South America, with a new species from Brazil and a new combination for a Peruvian species, pp. 507-537 in Zootaxa 3936 (4) on page 521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3936.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/233492, {"references":["Hartmann-Schroder, G. (1962) Zweiter Beitrag zur Polychaeten fauna von Peru. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 18, 109 - 147.","Verdes, A., Pleijel, F. & Aguado, M. T. (2011) A new species of Odontosyllis Claparede, 1863 (Annelida, Syllidae) with redescriptions of O. liniata Hartmann-Schroder, 1962 and O. gymnocephala Hartmann-Schroder, 1965. Zootaxa, 3095, 27 - 38.","Langerhans, P. (1879) Die Wurmfauna von Madeira. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 32, 513 - 592","San Martin, G. & Hutchings, P. (2006) Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Australia with the description of a new genus and fifteen new species. Records of the Australian Museum, 58, 257 - 370. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.58.2006.1466"]}