Search

A implementação de pastagens ou intercropping de herbáceas com plantas autóctones não alimentícias para depois extrair compostos de valor acrescentado uma opção promissora para melhorar a sustentabilidade ambiental e económica de áreas mineiras em actividade. A contínua geração de drenagem ácida e as características físico-químicas das escombreiras de sulfuretos impossibilitam a germinação e o desenvolvimento das coberturas vegetais logo, uma etapa essencial na reabilitação ambiental é a melhoria físico-química destes materiais. O presente estudo avaliou, num ensaio de batch, a capacidade de neutralização de ácidos de um Tecnossolo aplicado, a diferentes proporções, a materiais de uma escombreira de sulfuretos. A melhor proporção usou-se posteriormente num ensaio em microcosmo em estufa, onde se semearam espécies herbáceas. Realizaram-se três tratamentos: Escombreira com inóculo microbiano; Tecnossolo+escombreira com e sem inóculo microbiano. O inóculo microbiano incluiu um fungo micorrízico+Trichoderma. Na escombreira com inóculo microbiano não ocorreu germinação. Significativas melhorias nas características físico-químicas da escombreira e seus lixiviados obtiveram-se com a aplicação do Tecnossolo. O Tecnossolo também permitiu o desenvolvimento de uma vigorosa cobertura herbácea sem sinais visiveis de fitotoxicidade, que pode valorizar a área mineira através de um novo uso do solo. A produção de biomassa foi semelhante com e sem inóculo microbiano na Escombreira com Tecnossolo., Revista de Ciências Agrárias, Vol. 45 N.º 4 (2022)

The implementation of pastures or herbaceous intercropped with non-food autochthonous plants to extract high-added value compounds is a promising option for improving both the environmental and the economic sustainability of the active mining areas. The continuous generation of acid mine drainage and the physico-chemical characteristics of sulfide tailings make impossible the germination and development of plant covers, and therefore, an essential step in the environmental rehabilitation is the physico-chemical improvement of these materials. This study assessed, in a batch assay, the acid neutralization capacity of a designed Technosol applied to sulfide tailings at differentes applications rates. The best proportion was used subsequently in microcosm assay under greenhouse conditions, where herbaceous species were sown. Three treatments were established: sulfide tailings with a microbial inoculant (MI); Technosol+sulfide tailing with and without MI. The MI included a micorrhizal fungi +Trichoderma. In sulfide tailings with the MI no germination occurred. Significant improvement of physico-chemical properties of the sulfide tailing and their leachates were obtained with Technosol application (e.g. increase of fertility and pH, decrease of the contaminants available fraction). The Technosol also allowed the develpoment of a vigourous herbaceous cover without visual phytotoxic symptoms that can valorize the mining areas through a new land use. The production of herbaceous biomass was similar designed Technosol with or without MI., A implementação de pastagens ou intercropping de herbáceas com plantas autóctones não alimentícias para depois extrair compostos de valor acrescentado uma opção promissora para melhorar a sustentabilidade ambiental e económica de áreas mineiras em actividade. A contínua geração de drenagem ácida e as características físico-químicas das escombreiras de sulfuretos impossibilitam a germinação e o desenvolvimento das coberturas vegetais logo, uma etapa essencial na reabilitação ambiental é a melhoria físico-química destes materiais. O presente estudo avaliou, num ensaio de batch, a capacidade de neutralização de ácidos de um Tecnossolo aplicado, a diferentes proporções, a materiais de uma escombreira de sulfuretos. A melhor proporção usou-se posteriormente num ensaio em microcosmo em estufa, onde se semearam espécies herbáceas. Realizaram-se três tratamentos: Escombreira com inóculo microbiano; Tecnossolo+escombreira com e sem inóculo microbiano. O inóculo microbiano incluiu um fungo micorrízico+Trichoderma. Na escombreira com inóculo microbiano não ocorreu germinação. Significativas melhorias nas características físico-químicas da escombreira e seus lixiviados obtiveram-se com a aplicação do Tecnossolo. O Tecnossolo também permitiu o desenvolvimento de uma vigorosa cobertura herbácea sem sinais visiveis de fitotoxicidade, que pode valorizar a área mineira através de um novo uso do solo. A produção de biomassa foi semelhante com e sem inóculo microbiano na Escombreira com Tecnossolo.

Grapevines are highly dependent on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for normal growth and development. However, vineyard soils may have low AMF abundance and diversity due to conventional soil management practices that are detrimental for these fungi. In this context, the establishment of AMF-inoculated cover crops can be a highly convenient strategy to reestablish soil mycorrhizal potential, as it combines the advantages of a vigorous inoculum source coming from mycorrhizal donor plants with the overall benefits of green covers for grape quality, microbial diversity and soil health. In this work, the potential benefits of Funneliformis mosseae-inoculated under-vine cover crops on grapevine growth, physiology and production were compared to those derived from 1) the establishment of non-inoculated under-vine cover crops, and 2) conventional herbicide-based weed control in the under-vine space. In addition, grapevine root AMF community composition was analyzed to assess if the introduction of a non-native AMF species induced changes on resident mycorrhizal community assemblies and to unveil potential variations in AMF diversity associated to herbicide replacement by green covers. Results indicated that under-vine cover crops, inoculated or not, led to a general vigor decrease in grapevines, probably due to competition between the two species. However, after a heat wave that occurred at harvest time in the second year of the experiment, grapevines growing in plots with inoculated cover crops had the highest photochemical reflectance indices and net photosynthesis rates, and partially compensated production losses due to berry sunburn. Root mycorrhizal community analysis by the end of the experiment revealed that the inoculated F. mosseae isolate colonized grapevine roots from inoculated plots, while it was absent in the other ones. Moreover, inoculation of this AMF did not lead to a replacement of native root AMF communities, but allowed further colonization by other resident Glomeraceae and non-Glomeraceae AMF taxa. Overall, the work herein demonstrates that the introduction of F. mosseae through donor plants is a suitable field inoculation method for grapevines and can help them to better withstand heat waves info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersion

Calorespirometry as a phenotyping tool for selection of genotypes with high plasticity for temperature stress – analysis of pea seeds

Continuous application of Cu-based fungicides and molluscicides may lead to Cu accumulation in vineyard soils. Grapevine inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can be a suitable strategy to increase plant tolerance to the excessive levels of this element in the soil. However, the simultaneous use of EDTA-based fertilizers or phytosanitary products in those vineyards can affect metal mobility in the soil, with potential negative consequences for plants. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the effect of AMF inoculation on grapevine performance in Cu contaminated soils, in the presence or absence of EDTA chelates. Two-year-old plants growing in pots filled with an Arenosol, previously inoculated or not with two different AMF, were subjected to three soil treatments: control, Cu addition; Cu and FeNaEDTA addition. Four months later, at the end of the growing season, plant vegetative growth parameters, root colonization as well as soil, root and leaf nutrient contents were analyzed. In the soil where Cu was applied, Rhizoglomus irregulare- and Funneliformis mosseae-inoculated plants showed significantly higher root biomass than the non-inoculated ones, and R. irregulare-inoculated plants were the ones with the highest root P and Fe concentrations. However, when Cu and FeNaEDTA were applied together to the soil, AMF inoculation was no longer an asset for grapevines, and overall, root biomass decreased, translocation of Cu to leaves was stimulated, and a significant decrease in leaf Mn concentrations was detected, below the levels found in control soils. For this reason, in soils with high Cu-concentrations, although mycorrhizal inoculation can be a suitable strategy to improve plant growth and nutrition, the use of EDTA-based products should be avoided, as it can lead to an amplification of the toxic effects commonly caused by the excess of Cu in plants info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersion

Funding: This work was supported by the European Commission through the project AGRO-AMF-AOX within the program Industry-Academia Partnerships and Pathways (IAPP, FP7). Still in the frame of the AGRO-AMF-AOX project, JS further acknowledges his recruitment, and CC, HC, AN, CS and BAS appreciate the further support given in the form of a secondment. Inoq GmbH provided support in the form of salary for CS, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analyses, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific role of CS is articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section. Part of this work was also supported by grant AGL2012-39923 from the Spanish National R&D Plant of the Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN). TN was supported by a Marie Curie fellowship (FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG Project Reference 321725) and by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology – FCT (SFRH/BCC/52187/2013). The authors further thank the program POPH—Operational Program for Human Potential—and Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) funds through the Operational Program for Competitiveness Factors—COMPETE, and national funds through FCT under the strategic project PEst-C/AGR/UI0115/2011 and PEst-OE/AGR/UI0115/2014.