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Background: Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) symptoms can result from improper computer use. The manifestation of symptoms may encompass ocular strain, cephalalgia, ocular pain, xerophthalmia, diplopia, and visual blurring, influencing occupational efficiency. Purpose: To analyze factors related to CVS complaints among programmers at an IT consulting company in Jakarta. Method: A cross-sectional quantitative descriptive research involving 60 participants was conducted. The research examined the relationship between CVS complaints among programmers and several independent variables, including individual characteristics such as gender, age, visual aids, rest time, duration of computer use, work period, and workstation factors such as viewing distance from the screen to the horizontal eye line. The Spearman rank correlation test was utilized for data analysis. Result: Specifically, gender (sig.= 0.000), visual aids (sig.= 0.003), and the position of the top screen with the horizontal line of the eye (sig.= 0.029) were significantly related to CVS complaints. Age (sig.= 0.608), length of rest (sig.=0.055), duration of computer use (sig.= 0.138), work period (sig.= 0.717), and screen viewing distance (sig.= 0.058) did not show a significant relationship with CVS complaints. Conclusion: There is a relationship between gender, visual aids, and the position of the top of the screen with the horizontal line of the eye with CVS complaints. There is no relationship between age, length of rest, duration of computer use, working time, and screen viewing distance. Companies are expected to provide education regarding the correct use of computers, regular eye health checks, and enforce a 20-20-20 rule (20 minutes of rest, looking at objects 20 feet away for 20 seconds).

Background: Dengue Fever (DF) is a type of fever that comes on suddenly and lasts for 2 - 7 days. It is caused by the dengue virus and is spread by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the level of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors about DF and the incidence of dengue. Method: This research utilized a non-experimental, cross-sectional design with a correlational research approach. The data were collected using a probability sampling technique called simple random sampling. This research surveyed 67 family heads, who worked as farmers, to become respondents and their data were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Result: The statistical analysis using the Chi-square test resulted in p-values of 0.000055 for knowledge, 0.00001 for attitudes, and 0.003316 for behavior. All of which were significant at a level of p-value < 0.05. The findings revealed that the majority of respondents 83% had a high level of knowledge about dengue, 77% had a high level of attitudes, and 66% exhibited a high level of behaviors. Out of the 67 respondents, a large percentage 85% had not contracted dengue fever. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between the level of knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes regarding Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and the incidence of dengue fever.

Background: Working as a nurse in a hospital required to work with a shift system. Working with the shift system (morning, afternoon, and night) can affect the circadian rhythm, which has the potential to cause sleep disturbances and fatigue. Purpose: This research aims to analyze the influence of shift work rotation 2-2-2(2) on sleep quality and fatigue in nurses with shift work systems in inpatient rooms at General Hospital Ibnu Sina Gresik. Method: This research was an observational analytics study with a cross-sectional design. The total sample was 80 nurses in an inpatient care unit with a shift work system chosen through purposive sampling techniques. The Subjective Self-Rating Test (SSRT) issued by the Industrial Fatigue Research Committee (IFRC) questionnaire was used for the measurement of fatigue, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire (PSQI) was used for the assessment of sleep quality. Univariate and bivariate analyses were done with a Chi-square statistical test. Result: The study showed that most respondents had good sleep quality (87.5%), and most had low tiredness (71.2%). The Chi-square test results obtained a p-value of 0.224 > 0.05 and a p-value of 0.108 > 0.05, meaning there were no correlations between shift work and sleep quality and fatigue. Conclusion: Shift work had no relationship with sleep quality and fatigue. Appropriate shift work arrangements can contribute to reducing the negative impact of shift work.

Background: Stress is the effect of competition and high professional demands in the workplace. The Occupational Safety and Health Agency (UPT Keselamatan Kerja) is a technical implementation unit with responsibilities and functions in occupational hygiene, health, and safety. The proliferation of COVID-19 in numerous regions has repercussions for all sectors of society, including agency employees. Those still employed are required to adjust to new conditions. Purpose: Analyse the effect of work demands and social support on work stress among UPT Keselamatan Kerja Surabaya employees during the pandemic. Method: The research was conducted on contract and permanent employees (civil servants), which were divided into three distinct work units: the Safety Training Section Corporate Hygiene and Occupational Safety, the Administration Section, the Testing and Inspection Section. This study employed a quantitative approach. The data were collected using observation. Result: The findings of the study indicated that: 1) UPT Keselamatan Kerja Surabaya employees fell into elevated work demands, 2) UPT Keselamatan Kerja Surabaya employees obtained a high level of social support, 3) Work demands and social support simultaneously affected employees’ work stress at UPT Keselamatan Kerja Surabaya. Conclusion: Social support affected work stress among UPT Keselamatan Kerja Surabaya employees with a significance value of 0.004. Work demands and social support concurrently affected the stress experienced by UPT Keselamatan Kerja Surabaya employees.

Highlights: 1. The focus of this study was on the underlying factors of fatigue among shipyard workers, an area that necessitates further research to attain ideal standards in occupational health and safety. 2. This study can provide companies with material to use when counseling workers on the importance of a healthy nutritional intake in preventing fatigue. Abstract Work fatigue remains a prevalent issue among workers in shipyards, leading to detrimental effects on physical well-being, including a decline in body resistance and productivity. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between age, nutritional status, working period, physical workload, noise, and lighting with fatigue levels among hull construction workers. This observational study used a cross-sectional approach with a total population of 112 individuals working in the production line of the Warship Division of a shipbuilding company. The sample size in this study was determined using stratified random sampling, resulting in an assembly of 53 samples. Proportionate stratified random sampling was then employed to determine the sample size for each subgroup of the population. The research data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test (p

Highlights: • To reduce the occurrence of work-related accidents, the application of occupational safety and health principles in work activities is necessary. • This research analyzed the safety communications and safety promotion policies on the safety performance among nurses. • Safety communications have influence on safety performance, while safety promotion policies have no influence on safety performance. Abstract: The application of the occupational safety and health principles in work activities is expected to reduce the occurrence of work-related accidents. This research was conducted in the Emergency Department of a tertiary hospital of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, in 2019 and aimed to determine the influence of safety communications and safety promotion policies on the safety performance among nurses. This research was a quantitative research with a cross-sectional design study. The population in this study were 208 emergency room nurses at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital with a total sample of 68 people using a simple random sampling technique. The results showed that the correlation between safety communications variable with safety performance had a p-value of 0.035 (0.05), indicating that there was an influence of safety communications on safety performance, while there was no influence of safety promotion policies on safety performance among nurses in the Emergency Department of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.

Background: Compared to manufacturing industry, construction has a unique characteristic. These characteristics cause construction projects to have dangerous conditions and make them vulnerable to an occupational accident. Purpose: To analyze the influence of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) management on the building construction workers’ safety behavior at construction service company Surabaya. Method: This research classification is observational and a cross-sectional research with analytic nature. This research is conducted over 4 months. The research sample amounted to 53 workers. Its dependent variable is safety behavior (OHS behavior) with the top manager’s commitment, OHS procedure regulation, communication, worker’s competency, interpersonal relationship and physical hazard as its independent variables. Data is descriptively analyzed in the form of a frequency table and cross-tabulation. A statistical test is performed by using the chi-square test with α=0.05. Result: Management commitment (p-value=0.001) and OHS procedure regulation (p-value=0.029) significantly affect the safety behavior implementation to the worker. Conclusion: Two Independent variables which affect the safety behavior of the building construction worker at construction service company Surabaya ware management commitment (X1) and OHS procedure regulation (X2). The regulation of OSH procedures must be communicated, promoted to workers, and supervision of workers can be increased as a form of good commitment and given support by providing rewards for workers who have implemented safe behavior properly and providing punishment for workers who conduct unsafe behavior.

Background: Job burnout is a phenomenon that often occurs in the workplace because of experiencing prolonged job stress. The higher the level of workers’ self-efficacy, the lower the probability of job stress and the potential of job burnout experienced by workers. Purpose: To identify the influence of self-efficacy and job stress toward job burnout at a packaging company in Surabaya. Method: It was an analytical observational research with a cross-sectional approach. The respondents of this research were 99 workers in the production site of the packaging company in Surabaya. Questionnaire was used to collect individual data including age, gender, work period, education, and marital status which were related to the respondents’ characteristics, while self-efficacy questionnaire was used to gather data about the workers’ self-efficacy, HSE Management Standards Indicator Tool for job stress questionnaire, and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) for job burnout questionnaire. Further, simple random sampling was used to draw the sample. The data were descriptively analyzed using related linear regression test. Result: Self-efficacy was proved to significantly influence job burnout in the aspects of reduced personal accomplishment (p-value=0.000), but self-efficacy did not influence job burnout in the aspects of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Whereas job stress was proved to significantly influence job burnout in the aspect of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization or reduced personal accomplishment (p-value=0.000). Conclusion: In sum, all aspects in job burnout were influenced by job stress.

Background: Construction companies are one of the highest accident-prone fields. One of the efforts to protect the safety and health of construction workers is OHS compliance from the aspect of compliance in using PPE, following work instructions and implementing routine and periodic housekeeping. OHS compliance and housekeeping implementation to prevent the risk of work accidents. However, based on conditions in the field, many workers still do not comply with OHS and have not implemented housekeeping properly. Purpose: To determine the relationship between OHS compliance, housekeeping implementation, and occupational injury risk in a construction company. Method: This study was an observational study type using a cross-sectional approach. A total of 98 people were used in the sample for this study. Data analysis was performed using the phi test and contingency coefficient test. Result: There is a relationship (p=0,000) with a strong relation (phi=0.959) between OHS compliance and occupational injury risk, and there is a relationship (p=0,000) with a moderate level of relationship (r=0.583) between the housekeeping implementation levels and occupational injury risk for the construction company workers. Conclusion: There is a strong relation between OHS compliance and occupational injury risk and a relatively strong relation between housekeeping implementation levels and occupational injury risk in construction company workers.

Highlights: • The strength of the relationship between respiratory dust levels and pulmonary function disorders could not be obtained. • The weakness level of correlation between years of service and pulmonary function disorders. Abstract: Environmental dust in the workplace exposes the workers as they are breathing. The dust is inhaled into the respiratory tract and causes occupational diseases in the form of pulmonary function disorders. Workers in the marble industry are also prone to dust exposure. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between years of service, respiratory dust levels, and pulmonary function disorders in marble home industry workers in Tulungagung Regency, Indonesia. This study was a descriptive observational study with data from a cross-sectional technique. The population was 18 workers taken as respondents. The independent variables in this study were years of service and the level of respirable dust, while the dependent variable was the pulmonary function disorders experienced by the workers. The data were analyzed using the Correlation Contingency test. There was a close correlation between years of service and pulmonary function disorders by 0.196, indicating that the relationship between those variables was weak. The strength of the relationship between respiratory dust levels and pulmonary function disorders could not be obtained because the constant results met the threshold value. The correlation between years of service and pulmonary function disorders was weak, and the relationship between respiratory dust level and pulmonary function disorders could not be obtained.

Highlight: • Standing position duration and shoe characteristics to MSDs's complaints on sales promotion girls at cosmetic stores in Surabaya were analyzed. • There was no correlation between height of heels with complaints of MSDs and shoe type, while, the duration of standing position and complaints of MSDs were correlated. Abstract: One of the occupations that have a risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) is sales promotion girl (SPG), especially the SPG at a cosmetic store, because their job position is mostly done by standing and wearing high heels. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between duration of standing position and shoe characteristics to complaints of MSDs on sales promotion girl at cosmetic stores in Surabaya. This study was quantitative research with observational analytic research, where the data collection was carried out by cross-sectional. This research was conducted at 21 cosmetic stores from three shopping centers in Central Surabaya. The population in this study was 64 SPG. The sample was taken using simple random sampling with exclusion criteria, so that 47 people were obtained. The independent variables consisted of duration of standing position and shoe characteristics included shoe type and the height of heels. The dependent variable was complaint of MSDs. The data analysis was carried out using the Spearman correlation test. The result showed that there was a correlation between the duration of standing position and complaints of MSDs (Pvalue=0.011; r=0.369; positive direction), no correlation between shoe type and complaints of MSDs (Pvalue=0.735; r=0.051; positive direction), and no correlation between the height of heels and complaints of MSDs (Pvalue=0.256; r=0.169; positive direction). It was concluded that there was a correlation between the duration of standing position and complaints of MSDs, and there was no correlation between shoe type and the height of heels with complaints of MSDs.

Introduction: Work fatigue is a condition of decreased efficiency and resilience of workers, which can interfere the companys’ productivity. Job fatigue can be caused by the performance, duration, and effort (work position) of the workers. Based on the observations, workers at the expedition sub units of PT X needed to lift 200 to 400kg heavy loads. The activity of lifting very heavy weights can cause fatigue. One form of physical fatigue indicators is an increase in lactic acid in the blood. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between workers’ characteristics and work position with work fatigue among workers in the expedition sub units of PT X. Methods: This research was a quantitative study with a cross sectional design. The population of this study was 36 people. This research used total sampling. The independent variable were individual characteristics and work position as measured using REBA tools, and the dependent variable was work fatigue as measured using lactic acid levels in blood. Data was analyzed using statistical tools to obtain the value of correlation coefficient between variables. Result: The results showed that there was a weak positive correlation between workers’ characteristics and physical fatigue. The results showed that the coefficient value between work position and physical fatigue was 0.354. The coefficient figure indicated a weak positive correlation between work position and work fatigue. Conclusion: There was a correlation between work position and work fatigue in workers. Keywords: ergonomics, lactic acid, REBA, work fatigue, work position .

Introduction: Every year, work accidents frequently occur at PT. X. The initial survey showed a lack of control and commitment to be the main problems. Commitment is the core of the implementation of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS). This study aims to determine the factors that can increase safety commitment of workers. Method: This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. In this study, the independent variables were age, gender, years of service, education level, safety motivation, management of safety commitment, safety communication, and social support. Meanwhile, the dependent variable was the safety commitment. 78 workers were selected using a simple random sampling technique from a population of 395 workers. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Data analysis used a multinomial logistic regression test. Results: 64.1% of workers were aged 41-51 years old, 56.4% were females, 82.0% had >10 years of service, 75.6% had a secondary education level, 56.4% had high safety motivation, 57.7% assessed management commitment to safety as low, 59.0% assessed safety communication as less, 52.6% had high social support, and 37.2% tended to have continuous safety commitment. Characteristics of workers (age, gender, years of service, education level), safety motivation, and social support did not affect safety commitment. Meanwhile, management commitment to safety (p=0.004) and safety communication (p=0.014) affected safety commitment of workers. Conclusion: The way to increase workers' commitment to safety is to increase the company's commitment to OHS and improve safety communication efforts. Keywords: management commitment to safety, safety commitment, safety communication

A safety sign is a sign of equipment to provide protection for workers or visitors in the workplace. American National Standards Institute Z535 (ANSI Z535) is used as a basic guideline for installing safety signs in the workplace because it is more communicative by using global symbols to overcome language barriers. Occupational Safety Division of Manpower and Transmigration Departement, East Java Province (UPT Keselamatan Kerja Surabaya) is a workplace that has a risk of occupational accidents. The preliminary surveys in the area of the 3rd floor of the Division of Occupational Safety (UPT Keselamatan Kerja) Surabaya revealed that there were many sites with insufficient safety signboards. Many of the installed safety signs did not comply with ANZI Z535 standards. This study aimed to evaluate the installation of safety signs compared to the ANZI Z535 standard on the 3rd floor of UPT K2 Surabaya. This was an observational study examining the installation of safety signs. The data were obtained using the ANSI Z535 safety sign checklist. We found 2 out of 5 types of safety signs were in accordance with ANSI safety sign standards with a comparison percentage of more than 66%, such as the notice sign (67.85%) and safety condition sign (75%). Three other types of safety signs were in the unfavorable category with a percentage of less than 66%, such as danger sign (65.63%), warning sign (50%), and caution sign (46.88%). Some sites required additional safety signs, such as warning signs (at distillation site), caution signs (oven, stairs), notice signs (cylinder storage, elevator, chemical warehouse), and safety condition signs (stair, eyewash).

Introduction: Excessive workload is a major factor causing work stress. The condition that arises as a result of the inability of workers to deal with the demands of their work causes work stress. This study aims to analyze the relationship between individual factors and subjective workload with work stress on the spinning workers of PT. Delta Merlin Sandang Tekstil I Sragen. Methods: This study was an observational analytic study with a cross sectional study design. Research was conducted in January 2020 in PT. Delta Merlin Sandang Tekstil I Sragen. The samples of this research consisted of 133 respondents, which were determined by using a simple random sampling method. Work stress was a dependent variable in this study and individual factors (age, gender, education level, years of service, and marital status) were the independent variables; moreover, the work factor used was subjective workload. Data on individual characteristics, subjective workload, and work stress were obtained through distributing questionnaires to workers. Data analysis was performed using the Spearman correlation. Results: The results of the study state that there is no relationship between age (p = 0.790), sex (p = 0.659), level of education (p = 0.499), years of service (p = 0.730), marital status (p = 0.251) and work stress, and there is a relationship between subjective workload and work stress (p = 0,000). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between subjective workload and work stress, but there is no relationship between individual factors and work stress among the spinning workers of PT. Delta Merlin Sandang Tekstil I Sragen. Keywords: individual factors, subjective workload, work stress

Introduction: The implementation of protection needs to be given attention and attempted to prevent workers from occupational diseases. One of the occupational diseases that often arises from the incompatibility of worker and their job is Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). This study analyzes the relation between workduration and physical workload with MSDs in informal workers. Methods: An observational research followed by a cross sectional approach was applied as the method of the study. The 23 respondents in the spring production unit were chosen as the sample of the study. The objects of this research were the total population. Data on the characteristics of respondents and MSDs were gained through interviews conducted by filling out standardized questionnaires.Moreover, physical workload was measured using a calorimeter measuring instrument, and MSDs data were analyzed using the NBM measuring tools. Furtermore, the statistical analysis used chi-square test. Results: It shows that there is a relation between work duration and MSDs (p = 0.029), and there is a relation between physical workload and MSDs (p = 0.000). Conclusion: The risk factors of works duration and physical workload are proven to have a relation with MSDs complaints on workers in informal sector. Keywords: informal workers, musculoskeletal disorders, physical workload, works duration

Industry that uses technology nowadays, beside having positive impacts, also having negative impacts such as adverse effects on workers and work environment. Every person who works will have workload and responsibility on their work. This will affect health of the workers, including their blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to study the relationship between work load and work period with blood pressure among workers in ship construction company, PT. X. This study was an observational descriptive study, using cross sectional design. Total population involved 41 individuals, taken from the respondents who met the inclusion criteria. Data collection included pulse and blood pressure measurements. Data analysis used in this study was Pearson and Spearman correlation tests. The result showed that there was a level of correlation between blood pressure and age (0.478), blood pressure and work period (0.432), blood pressure and work load (0.448). The conclusions of this study was that blood pressure related to age, nutritional status, work period, work load and noise intensity. PT X needs to pay attention to the health of the workers, such as blood pressure examination, and provide socialization on nutritious foods that are appropriate to the work performed.

Introduction: Batik is one of Indonesia’s cultural wealth which was established as an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO in 2009. Batik fabrics have been actively produced in both micro and macro industries in Indonesia. The process of batik production still faithfully employs manual labor. The large number of workers involved in batik production activities causes them to potentially suffer from occupational diseases such as musculoskeletal disorders. Various factors can cause workers to suffer from musculoskeletal complaints, one of them is ergonomic factor. Batik Madura home industry is one of the largest batik-producing home industries in Bangkalan District, Madura. This study object was to determine the correlation between ergonomic risk factors and musculoskeletal complaints in workers of Batik Madura home industry. Methods: This was an observational study through cross sectional design. Data collection was conducted through observation and interviews with the workers of Batik Madura home industry. The population in this study was 61 workers of Batik Madura home industry. This study used total sampling technique in which the whole population were taken as the sample. Results: There was a very strong correlation of ergonomic chance factor with musculoskeletal complaints (r=0.876) on workers of Batik Madura home industry. Conclusion: There was a very strong correlation of ergonomic chance factor with musculoskeletal complaints (r=0.876) on workers of Batik Madura home industry. Keywords: ergonomic risk factor, musculoskeletal complaints, batik workers

Abstract Cement mineral dust contains a variety of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic substances. The study aimed to determine the probability of health risk among cement workers due to respirable silica (Si), arsenic (As), and chromium (Cr) VI dust exposure. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 123 cement workers. A personal air sampling pump was used to assess respirable cement dust exposure. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for As, and Cr analysis, and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) was used for Si analysis. The Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide levels and lung function test were obtained by using NIOX MINO and Chestgraph H1-105 spirometer. Risk assessment was calculated by using the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and non-cancerous hazard quotient (HQ). The geometric mean and standard deviation of respirable Si and Cr dust concentrations were 5.27 ± 2.36 mg m−3 and 1.53 ± 2.47 mg m−3, respectively, in manufacturing workers. The mean concentration for As in administrative workers was 0.07 ± 0.02 mg m−3. After controlling for confounders, the abnormalities of FVC% predicted and FEV1% predicted were significantly associated with the respirable Si dust among cement workers (OR = 6.913; CI = 1.965−24.322 and OR = 18.320; CI = 3.078−109.027). FENO concentrations in administrative workers were significantly influenced by the exposure to respirable Si dust (R2 = 0.584, p = 0.006). Manufacturing workers had a high probability of getting cancer due to Si exposure in cement respirable dust at 29.81 × 10−4 times compared to administrative workers at 4.14 × 10−4 times. After reducing for control factors, the probability of manufacturing workers reduced to 0.45 × 10−4 times. As and Cr (VI) dust exposures among cement workers had a probability of cancer risk of 7.49 × 10−4 and 44.09 × 10−4 times, respectively, after reducing for control factors. The non-cancerous disease risk of the workers from exposure to cement mineral dust exceeded the acceptance limit (HQ > 1). Cement workers were at high risk of developing cancerous and non-cancerous diseases due to exposure while working. Cement workers were highly exposed to respirable Si, As, and Cr dust above the permissible exposure limit.

Introduction: Lecturers are workers who are actively involved in educational, research and community service activities at a college. Many duties and responsibilities of lecturers in their work can cause fatigue which is the body's response as a defense mechanism when the work exceeds its capacity. Different capacities can be assessed based on gender which also allows differences in response to the problem. The inability to cope with a problem or job produces a feeling of depression which can also be called as stress. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between gender and work stress with fatigue at a faculty lecturers at a university in Surabaya. Method: This research was an analytical descriptive study in a faculty lecturers at a university in Surabaya. The study design was cross-sectional. Data were obtained through the results of a questionnaire distributed to lecturers who have met the criteria, as many as 43 respondents. Results: The study showed that 16 female respondents (57.2%) experienced moderate fatigue. About 19 respondents (63.3%) had mild stress and experienced mild fatigue. The correlation value between gender and fatigue was 0.816 and the strong correlation between work stress and fatigue was 0.000. This value indicated that there was no correlation between gender and fatigue, but there was a strong and direct correlation between work stress and fatigue. Conclusion: The occurrence of fatigue is not influenced by gender and high fatigue can be influenced by the high work stress felt by them. Keywords:fatigue, gender, lecturer, work stress

Lingkungan kerja di bagian Injection Moulding 1 PT.X Sidoarjo memiliki iklim kerja yang panas. Iklim kerja yang panas tersebut berasal dari panas yang dihasilkan oleh mesin produksi yang jumlahnya banyak. Iklim kerja yang panas menyebabkan pekerja terasa panas, banyak mengeluarkan keringat dan dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya dehidrasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari iklim kerja dan tingkat dehidrasi pada pekerja shift pagi bagian Injection Moulding 1 PT.X Sidoarjo. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Alat yang digunakan untuk mengukur iklim kerja yaitu heatstress monitor Questemp 36 dan tingkat dehidrasi menggunakan pemeriksaan berat jenis urin. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu total populasi sebanyak 31 pekerja yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi yaitu dalam kondisi sehat, tidak mempunyai penyakit ginjal dan diabetes mellitus, dan tidak sedang haid atau diare. Data yang diperoleh diolah secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan persentase. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan iklim kerja bagian Injection Moulding 1 tertingggi sebesar 29.50C (melebihi NAB) dan 24 pekerja mengalami pre dehidrasi. Terdapat hubungan yang lemah antara iklim kerja dengan tingkat dehidrasi (koefisien 0,204). Saran kepada perusahaan untuk menambahkan garam elektrolit pada air minum pekerja dan meningkatkan fasilitas untuk mengakses air minum serta menganjurkan pekerja mengkonsumsi air minum secara teratur dan memberikan edukasi kepada pekerja tentang kebutuhan cairan tubuh untuk lingkungan kerja panas.

Health status of workers are crucial to maintain their productivity and it will impact on output per capita. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition and health intervention in workplace setting and implication for further research. Articles were searched from PubMed, PMC, Cochrane Library (Trial), Science-direct, and Google scholar published from 2005-2020. Inclusion criteria was the intervention subject aged 19-64 years old with experimental randomized control trial (RCT) or non-RCT study design. Several keywords used for literature searching including “nutrition education in workplace”, “nutrition intervention in workplace”, and “workplace intervention”. Data were narratively described. Eleven studies were meet inclusion and exclusion criteria and further be reviewed. Five studies focused on intervene food environment in the workplace, four studies focused on nutrition education using different channels i.e., workplace visiting and emails, the other two interventions were objected to decrease health risk regarding occupational health. Positive outcomes were recorded for all workplace intervention, including increase in nutrition knowledge, self-efficacy, reduce risky behavior, and also improved body mass index and blood biomarkers. Workplace nutrition and health intervention proved to be an effective way to enhanced balanced nutrition behavior and improve health status. This study implies an urgency of nutrition and health intervention in a workplace.

Introduction: The results of the research conducted by Frank Bird concluded that every occupational safety and health is preceded by a near-injury occurrence or near miss. Near miss is an incidence that potentially causes loss, which is triggered by direct factors, namely unsafe action, and unsafe conditions, and basic factors, such as workers and works. The workers as a basic factor comprise their knowledge and attitudes towards occupational safety and health-related to personal protective equipment (PPE). Methods: This research is descriptive research that aims to identify the strength of the relationship between the knowledge and attitudes toward occupational safety and health that is related to PPE in the Outfitting Unit at PT. Dok dan Perkapalan Surabaya by applying the cross-sectional design. The data is obtained by questionnaire and interview. The questionnaire is distributed to all 30 workers in the Outfitting Unit at PT. Dok dan Perkapalan Surabaya. Results: Indicate that the majority of the workers experience a low-level of near-miss (90%), while the other 10% experience a moderate-level of near-miss. The correlation coefficient value as many as 0.149 denotes that there is a weak relationship between the workers’ knowledge of occupational safety and health and a near miss. Similarly, the relationship between the workers’ attitudes toward occupational safety and health regarding PPR and near-miss is also a weak relationship with the correlation coefficient value of 0.236. In conclusion, it is affirmed that effective communication between units and the provision of PPE are the factors that cause the occurrence of near-miss in the company. Keywords: attitude, knowledge, near miss

Kecelakaan kerja merupakan suatu kejadian yang tidak terduga saat kapan akan terjadi dengan banyaknya penyebab yang dapat menyebabkan kecelakaan kerja tersebut. Salah satu penyebab terjadinya kecelakaan kerja adalah unsafe action (tindakan kerja tidak aman). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat hubungan antara faktor unsafe action dengan terjadinya kecelakaan kerja pada pekerja proyek konstruksi. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif observasional dengan rancang bangun penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 179 responden, namun dilakukan metode sampel secara random sampling dengan (α=0,05) sebanyak 122 responden. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan hasil wawancara yang dilakukan. Variable independent yaitu unsafe action (membuang sampah sembarangan, tidak menggunakan APD, melewati batas aman, tidak mematuhi aturan, melewati batas berat angkat beban, duduk di area yag berbahaya, meletakkan barang sembarangan, bekerja sambil bergurau, kurang pengetahuan, emosi tidak stabil, perilaku tidak baik, posisi yang dipaksakan, kurangnya istirahat, pengoperasian alat tanpa izin). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor duduk dan berdiri di area yang berbahaya merupakan faktor yang memiliki risiko bahaya tinggi terjadinya kecelakaan kerja dengan persentase 64,8% dan memiliki adanya hubungan antara faktor berdiri di area yang berbahaya terhadap kecelakaan kerja. Disarankan pada perusahaan untuk terus meminimalisir penyebab terjadinya kecelakaan pada kondisi lingkungan kerja.

Kebisingan merupakan stressor yang tidak diinginkan yang dapat menimbulkan tegangan emosi. Stressor tersebut memicu produksi hormon dan mengakibatkan tekanan darah meningkat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan intensitas kebisingan dengan tekanan darah pada tenaga kerja di Unit Circular Loom PT X. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 24 tenaga kerja yang ditentukan secara simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Data dianalisis dengan uji spearman correlation test. Hasil pengukuran didapatkan bahwa responden memiliki umur yang produktif, sebagian besar terkategori IMT gemuk, dan terkategori masa kerja yang lama. Intensitas kebisingan di Unit Circular Loom PT X sebesar 103,2 dBA pada area mesin dan 93,1 dBA pada area non mesin. Tekanan darah tenaga kerja signifikan berbeda antara sebelum bekerja dengan setelah bekerja dengan. Terdapat hubungan antara intensitas kebisingan dengan tekanan darah tenaga kerja. Kekuatan hubungan antara intensitas kebisingan dengan tekanan darah adalah sedang dan arah hubungannya searah.

Kelelahan kerja adalah suatu kondisi tubuh sedang mengalami penurunan secara fisik atau psikis. Kelelahan kerja dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya penurunan kinerja dan memicu terjadinya kecelakaan kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan karakteristik individu, beban kerja fisik dan iklim kerja dengan kelelahan kerja. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik yang bersifat observasional. Populasi penelitian ini yaitu seluruh tenaga kerja shift pagi unit pengerolan besi PT X. Sampel penelitian ini sejumlah 40 tenaga kerja, dengan menggunakan teknik sampling simple random sampling. Teknik analisa data menggunakan uji spearman. Hasil menunjukkan variabel yang berhubungan signifikan dengan kelelahan pekerja pengerolan besi di PT X secara berturut-turut adalah beban kerja (P=0,001), iklim kerja (P=0,002), usia pekerja (P=0,003) dan masa kerja (P=0,008).

Musculoskeletal disorders were occurred in any workers, one of them are informal sector worker such as home industry in Surabaya. Works were still done manually in home industry can cause Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Some of the causes of musculoskeletal disorders were work attitude. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between work attitude against musculoskeletal disorders. This research was an observational descriptive research with cross sectional design. Work attitude were measured using RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) The samples of this study were 20 workers who work in home industry. Data were analyzed using cross tabulation and correlation value Phi and Creamers V. The results showed that there were correlations between the work attitude with musculoskeletal disorders. Work attitude had a moderate correlation with correlation value 0.394.The conclusion of this study was work attitude had correlation with musculoskeletal disorders on home industry workers in Surabaya. High-risk work attitude can occur by poor work station condition. Keywords: home industry, musculoskeletal disorders, work attitude

Installation of precast concrete in construction of multi-storey buildings at risk of workplace accidents due to be carried out on the altitude. Installation of precast concrete must also use heavy equipment, because of the weight of the material to be install. Accidents on the installation of precast concrete can be very fatal and cause of death. Risk assessment is an attempt to calculating risk arising from hazards, take into account the adequacy of any existing controls, and deciding whether or not the risk is acceptable. The purpose of this research is to studies and perform risk assessment level onprecast concrete installation at apartment project in Surabaya with hazard, risk, risk control, and residual risk observation. Primary data were collected through interview and observation. Object of this research is installation proses of precast concrete wall at Puncak Bukit Golf Apartment project by PT. Wijaya Karya Bangunan Gedung in Surabaya. The data was analyzed descriptively using table and naration. Results showed that hazard identify in precast concrete installation at apartment project in Surabaya include: fall from height, squeezed, fallen object, struck by precast concrete, crush by precast concrete, and electro shock. Risk assessment has obtained 21 hazards. Risk control with was done: installing safety net for falling objects, safety induction, work instruction, wear PPE, and wear fall protection. The result of risk assessment showed19% risk are high risk, 38% with moderate risk category, and 43% with low risk category. Keywords: risk assessment, precast concrete, installing

An unsafe action is a problematic behavior by a worker that deviates from workplace safety protocols or is not in accordance with workplace risk procedures. Accidents (80–85%) are caused by omission labor who demonstrate low compliance to the occupational safety and health in the workplace. The purpose of this research is to analyze the correlations for two sets of parameters related to unsafe loading-unloading labor practices in PT Pelabuhan Indonesia III Cabang Tanjung Perak individual characteristic and occupational safety and health supervision. A quantitive study with a cross sectional approach was conducted. In this study, primary data were obtained from questionnaires and observations in the workplace. Secondary data were obtained from the documents available on the PT Pelabuhan Indonesia III Cabang Tanjung Perak. Study respondents consisted of the loading-unloading workers in PT Pelabuhan Indonesia III Cabang Tanjung Perak. Respondents were obtained from simple random sampling technique, and 59 respondents were enrolled. This study analyzed individual characteristics and occupational safety and health supervision. Data were analyzed by using the Pearson’s correlation coefficient pearson with a linear significance of 0.05. Study results indicated that unsafe labor actions by labor occurred in the medium and heavy categories. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient indicated that unsafe actions correlated with age and occupational safety and health supervision, while insignificant variables related to unsafe actions included working time and level of education. Training-associated occupational safety and health also required enhanced knowledge about workplace dangers and unsafe actions at work. Especially to labor loading unloading whose aged 31-40 years old and had elementary school. Keywords: unsafe action, individual characteristic, occupational safety and health supervision

Up to the end of 2012, Social Security showed the occurence of 103.074 work accident cases. 91.21% of the accident casualties were recovered, 3.8% were disabled, 2.61% partially disabled, and the rest died (2.419 cases) and were totally-permanently disabled (37 cases), with the average of 282 work accident cases per day. Due to the increasingly tight corporate climate, the company tries to make production cost efficiency (cost of production). One solution that may be taken is by applying outsourcing system. With this system, the company may save expenses in funding human resources (HR) who work in the company concerned. If the aspects of the application of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) are not properly managed, the possibility of work accidents and environmental pollution that have a negative effect on the corporate image and the continuity of company product supply will increase. This may affect the company's loss, both material and corporate image. The role and responsibility of the safety officer is very influential on the achievement of zero accident, so many safety programs are developed, such as safety briefing and safety patrol, with the aim to improve the aspect of OSH. However, some employees have not complied with the provisions of OSH implementation in the company they work at.

Unsafe act become the most cause of accidents. One of human factors causing accidents is work stress. The aim of this study was to analyze correlation between coping mechanism and safety behavior at workers of fabrication division in a steel construction company. The study was carried out with cross-sectional analytical observational methods. The study population was 200 workers of fabrication division in a steel construction company. By using simple random sampling method, the number of samples was 134 respondents. Data collection was performed by observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The independent variables were age, education level, K3 experience, coping mechanism, emotional focused coping, and problem focused coping, while the dependent variable was safety behavior. Intervariables correlation were tested by Chi-square test (α=0.05). Correlation between age and safety behavior was categorized on relation (p=0.016; r=0.301). Correlation between education level and safety behavior was not categorized on relation (p=0.260; r=0.315). Correlation between tenure and safety behavior was categorized on relation (p=0.001; r=0.422). Correlation between coping mechanism and safety behavior was not categorized on relation (p=1.0; r=0.015). The conclusion was age and tenure have unidirectional and strong relation with safety behavior, while the level of education and coping mechanism have no relation with safety behavior. Company should have given understanding to workers about safety behavior through K3 training and safety talk and held safety inspection and or safety patrol to supervise workers.

The burning of limestone has effects against the labors such as pulmonary function disorders which are acute and chronic. The Pulmonary function disorders which are acute, for example respiratory tract irritation, increased production of mucus, respiratory tract constriction, loss of cilia and mucous membrane cells layer and breathing difficulties. This study was conducted to analyze the strong correlation among the characteristics of the respondent, the respondent habits, level of dust to pulmonary function disorders of the Labors at CV. SRI MULYA PUTRA Tuban. This study uses a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. Samples were taken from the study population by 78 people who were previously given initial questionnaire and obtained 23 respondents based on inclusion criteria as the study sample. The independent variables were the characteristics of respondents such as age, sex, length of employment, length of employment, respiratory protective equipment usage habits and exercise habits. The prevalence of respiratory disorder in this study amounted to 13.00%. Test using analysis Contingency Coefficient. The duration of the work is a strong variable to cause pulmonary function disorder to the industrial workforce limestone. The conclusion is there is no strong correlation between the level of limestone dust with pulmonary function status on limestone labor, because the concentration of dust in the working environment is normal, under NAB predetermined. It is advisable to add a work shift, from 2 shifts recommended to be added into 3 shifts. Applying rotation system and providing better respiratory protective equipment. Keywords: limestone dust, pulmonary function status, limestone labor

ABSTRACT The role of central control room (CCR) operator in Steam Power Plant (PLTU) or Gas and Steam Power Plant (PLTGU) of a work environment has high noise intensity with range (62.2– 99.8 dBA). Noise resulting from the process of production of electrical energy by machinery such as power generation unit boiler/HRSG, turbine, generator, condenser and other supporting equipment can cause Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL). Study with cross-sectional design aims to analyze the difference in Noise Induced Hearing Loss between shift operator CCR PLTU and PLTGU PT PJB UP Gresik. Research on samples taken with the technique of simple random sampling with the majority of respondents were ≥ 40 years old, have a working periode ≥ 4 years, have a work area with a level of intensity noise > 85 dBA, long exposure noise ≤ 1 hour and good level of compliance of the use of ear protection in both of units. There was a difference of NIHL shift operator CCR PLTU and PLTGU. The number ofoperator who have experienced hearing loss due to noise on the shift operator CCR PLTU greater than PLTGU. Shift operator CCR PLTU and PLTGU are advised to obey and comply with safe working hours in areas with particular noise intensity has been set and the use of ear protection with right, also have to perform regular an audiometry exam tests so that the function of hearing of shift operator CCR could in monitor continuously. Keywords: central control room operator, power plant, noise induced hearing loss

Background: Toluene is a harmful substance still being used as a solvent and catalyst in many industries that can increase the level of urinary hippuric acid (UHA). This study was designed to examine the level of toluene and UHA among workers of industrial site in seven companies in Sidoarjo, Indonesia and to analyze the risk factors for abnormal UHA. Methods: This study was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted during August to September 2008. The locations were selected based on the fact that toluene was utilized in the production process of these companies. Urinary hippuric acid was analyzed with screen spectrophotometer 3000 on obtained urine samples from workers. Urinary hippuric acid of higher than 1.6 g/g creatinine was considered as abnormal. Workers’ characteristics were collected via questionnaires completed by the workers. Toluene in workplace air was obtained with the reagent tube and the samples were analyzed using gas chromatography. Results: In total, 96 subjects were studied. Workers examined in this study suffered from watery eyes, shortness of breath, cough, runny nose, fatigue, and skin irritation. Urinary hippuric acid level was normal in 91 workers (95%). Five subjects had abnormal levels of urinary hippuric acid. Levels of toluene in workplace air at all companies were below the ratified governmental regulatory threshold value (< 50 ppm) with the maximum level of 28.1 ppm. Abnormal HPA was higher in workers with older ages, lower educational attainments and not using the personal protective equipment (PPE). Conclusion: Toluene concentration in the air of the ink, paint and printing companies in Sidoarjo, Indonesia was within ratified limit. Workers with older ages, lower educational attainment and not using the PPEs are probably more vulnerable to toluene toxicity. How to cite this article: Sahri M, Widajati N. Evaluation of Toluene Exposure in Workers at Industrial Area of Sidoarjo, Indonesia by Measurement of Urinary Hippuric Acid. Asia Pac J Med Toxicol 2013;2:145-9.