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The film structure and electronic structure of a biradical hydrocarbon, diphenyl derivative of s-indacenodiphenalene (Ph2-IDPL) solid film has been investigated. A small energy gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) compared with that of typical π-conjugated small molecules was observed even for the amorphous film of Ph2-IDPL. This result indicates that the small HOMO–LUMO gap is an important characteristic of the singlet biradical electronic structure and well explains the previously reported ambipolar field effects of amorphous Ph2-IDPL film by Chikamatsu et al., Appl. Phys. Lett.2007, 91, 043506. It was found that the gas-deposition method substantially improved the crystallinity of the film where Ph2-IDPL molecules form quasi one-dimensional (1D) molecular chains normal to the substrate surface. An extremely small HOMO–LUMO gap was observed in the polycrystalline Ph2-IDPL film, which is possibly caused by strong intermolecular coupling. The photon energy dependence of ultraviolet photoemission spectra shows that the stacked Ph2-IDPL molecular chain in the polycrystalline film develops an energy band structure in the direction of the surface normal of the film. The intermolecular covalency therefore evolves into the quasi 1D energy band along the molecular stacking direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study of a patient with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) whose jugular venous oxygen saturation was continuously monitored during orthotopic liver transplantation. Medical history of the patient; Changes observed in the patients; Findings on the brain of patients with FHF.

As a significant drawback to organic electronics, poor mobility in organic materials makes it difficult for carriers to make long trips across thin film devices. In the present work, we show that a short carrier trip or even charge displacement can contribute to the functioning of optoelectronics without being influenced by the poor carrier mobility. Our findings are based on analysis oftbe current-voltage and capacitance-voltage characteristics, as well as the anomalous transient photocurrent of the photocells of a radical material, 4'4-bis( 1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolyl). This photoinduced transient current was successfully analyzed based on the total current equation and was interpreted in terms of the polarization current induced by charge displacement in the films. This mechanism provides preliminary information with respect to the development of methods for high-speed organic optoelectronic conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein kinase C (PKC) plays a prominent role in immune signaling. To elucidate the signal transduction in a respiratory burst and isoform-specific function of PKC during FcgammaR-mediated phagocytosis, we used live, digital fluorescence imaging of mouse microglial cells expressing GFP-tagged molecules. betaI PKC, epsilonPKC, and diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) beta dynamically and transiently accumulated around IgG-opsonized beads (BIgG). Moreover, the accumulation of p47(phox), an essential cytosolic component of NADPH oxidase and a substrate for betaI PKC, at the phagosomal cup/phagosome was apparent during BIgG ingestion. Superoxide (O(2)(-)) production was profoundly inhibited by Gö6976, a cPKC inhibitor, and dramatically increased by the DGK inhibitor, R59949. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that BIgG induced O(2)(-) production at the phagosome but not at the intracellular granules. We conclude that activation/accumulation of betaI PKC is involved in O(2)(-) production, and that O(2)(-) production is primarily initiated at the phagosomal cup/phagosome. This study also suggests that DGKbeta plays a prominent role in regulation of O(2)(-) production during FcgammaR-mediated phagocytosis.