41 results on '"Nobre, Antonio Donato"'
Search Results
2. Re-appraisal of the global climatic role of natural forests for improved climate projections and policies
- Author
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Makarieva, Anastassia M., Nefiodov, Andrei V., Rammig, Anja, and Nobre, Antonio Donato
- Subjects
Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ,Physics - Biological Physics - Abstract
Along with the accumulation of atmospheric carbon dioxide, the loss of primary forests and other natural ecosystems is a major disruption of the Earth system causing global concern. Quantifying planetary warming from carbon emissions, global climate models highlight natural forests' high carbon storage potential supporting conservation policies. However, some model outcomes effectively deprioritize conservation of boreal and temperate forests suggesting that increased albedo upon deforestation could cool the planet. Potential conflict of global cooling versus regional forest conservation could harm environmental policies. Here we present theoretical and observational evidence to demonstrate that, compared to the carbon-related warming, the model skills for assessing climatic impacts of deforestation is low. We argue that deforestation-induced global cooling results from the models' limited capacity to account for the global effect of cooling from evapotranspiration of intact forests. Transpiration of trees can change the greenhouse effect via small modifications of the vertical temperature profile. Due to their convective parameterization (which postulates a certain critical temperature profile), global climate models do not properly capture this effect. This parameterization may lead to underestimation of warming from the loss of evapotranspiration in both high and low latitidues, and therefore, conclusions about deforestation-induced global cooling are not robust. To avoid deepening the environmental crisis, these conclusions should not inform policies of vegetation cover management. Studies are mounting quantifying the stabilizing impact of natural ecosystems evolved to maintain environmental homeostasis. Given the critical state and our limited understanding of both climate and ecosystems, an optimal policy would be a global moratorium on the exploitation of all natural forests., Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
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- 2023
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3. Author Correction: Amazon forest biogeography predicts resilience and vulnerability to drought
- Author
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Chen, Shuli, Stark, Scott C., Nobre, Antonio Donato, Cuartas, Luz Adriana, de Jesus Amore, Diogo, Restrepo-Coupe, Natalia, Smith, Marielle N., Chitra-Tarak, Rutuja, Ko, Hongseok, Nelson, Bruce W., and Saleska, Scott R.
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- 2024
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4. The role of ecosystem transpiration in creating alternate moisture regimes by influencing atmospheric moisture convergence
- Author
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Makarieva, Anastassia M., Nefiodov, Andrei V., Nobre, Antonio Donato, Baudena, Mara, Bardi, Ugo, Sheil, Douglas, Saleska, Scott R., Molina, Ruben D., and Rammig, Anja
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Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ,Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution - Abstract
The terrestrial water cycle links the soil and atmosphere moisture reservoirs through four fluxes: precipitation, evaporation, runoff, and atmospheric moisture convergence (net import of water vapor to balance runoff). Each of these processes is essential for human and ecosystem well-being. Predicting how the water cycle responds to changes in vegetation cover remains a challenge. Recently, changes in plant transpiration across the Amazon basin were shown to be associated disproportionately with changes in rainfall, suggesting that even small declines in transpiration (e.g., from deforestation) would lead to much larger declines in rainfall. Here, constraining these results by the law of mass conservation, we show that in a sufficiently wet atmosphere, forest transpiration can control atmospheric moisture convergence such that increased transpiration enhances atmospheric moisture import and resulting water yield. Conversely, in a sufficiently dry atmosphere increased transpiration reduces atmospheric moisture convergence and water yield. This previously unrecognized dichotomy can explain the otherwise mixed observations of how water yield responds to re-greening, as we illustrate with examples from China's Loess Plateau. Our analysis indicates that any additional precipitation recycling by additional vegetation increases precipitation but decreases local water yield and steady-state runoff. Therefore, in the drier regions and early stages of ecological restoration, the role of vegetation can be confined to precipitation recycling, while once a wetter stage is achieved, additional vegetation enhances atmospheric moisture convergence and water yield. Evaluating the transition between regimes, and recognizing the potential of vegetation for enhancing moisture convergence, are crucial for characterizing the consequences of deforestation and for motivating and guiding ecological restoration., Comment: 39 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables
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- 2022
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5. Vegetation Impact on Atmospheric Moisture Transport under Increasing Land-Ocean Temperature Contrasts
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Makarieva, Anastassia M., Nefiodov, Andrei V., Nobre, Antonio Donato, Sheil, Douglas, Nobre, Paulo, Pokorný, Jan, Hesslerová, Petra, and Li, Bai-Lian
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Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Abstract
Destabilization of the water cycle threatens human lives and livelihoods. Meanwhile our understanding of whether and how changes in vegetation cover could trigger abrupt transitions in moisture regimes remains incomplete. This challenge calls for better evidence as well as for the theoretical concepts to describe it. Here we briefly summarise the theoretical questions surrounding the role of vegetation cover in the dynamics of a moist atmosphere. We discuss the previously unrecognized sensitivity of local wind power to condensation rate as revealed by our analysis of the continuity equation for a gas mixture. Using the framework of condensation-induced atmospheric dynamics, we then show that with the temperature contrast between land and ocean increasing up to a critical threshold, ocean-to-land moisture transport reaches a tipping point where it can stop or even reverse. Land-ocean temperature contrasts are affected by both global and regional processes, in particular, by the surface fluxes of sensible and latent heat that are strongly influenced by vegetation. Our results clarify how a disturbance of natural vegetation cover, e.g., by deforestation, can disrupt large-scale atmospheric circulation and moisture transport. In view of the increasing pressure on natural ecosystems, successful strategies of mitigating climate change require taking into account the impact of vegetation on moist atmospheric dynamics. Our analysis provides a theoretical framework to assess this impact. The available data for Eurasia indicate that the observed climatological land-ocean temperature contrasts are close to the threshold. This can explain the increasing fluctuations in the continental water cycle including droughts and floods and signifies a yet greater potential importance for large-scale forest conservation., Comment: 25 pages, 5 figures, and 1 table
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- 2021
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6. Water lifting and outflow gain of kinetic energy in tropical cyclones
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Makarieva, Anastassia M., Gorshkov, Victor G., Nefiodov, Andrei V., Chikunov, Alexander V., Sheil, Douglas, Nobre, Antonio Donato, Nobre, Paulo, Plunien, Günter, and Molina, Ruben D.
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Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ,Physics - Fluid Dynamics - Abstract
While water lifting plays a recognized role in the global atmospheric power budget, estimates for this role in tropical cyclones vary from no effect to a major reduction in storm intensity. To better assess this impact, here we consider the work output of an infinitely narrow thermodynamic cycle with two streamlines connecting the top of the boundary layer in the vicinity of maximum wind (without assuming gradient-wind balance) to an arbitrary level in the inviscid free troposphere. The reduction of a storm's maximum wind speed due to water lifting is found to decline with increasing efficiency of the cycle and is about 5% for maximum observed Carnot efficiencies. In the steady-state cycle, there is an extra heat input associated with the warming of precipitating water. The corresponding positive extra work is of an opposite sign and several times smaller than that due to water lifting. We also estimate the gain of kinetic energy in the outflow region. Contrary to previous assessments, this term is found to be large when the outflow radius is small (comparable to the radius of maximum wind). Using our framework, we show that Emanuel's maximum potential intensity (E-PI) corresponds to a cycle where total work equals work performed at the top of the boundary layer (net work in the free troposphere is zero). This constrains a dependence between the outflow temperature and heat input at the point of maximum wind, but does not constrain the radial pressure gradient. We outline the implications of the established patterns for assessing real storms., Comment: Revised resubmission to the Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. Reply to the first and third reviewers can be found in the Appendix. 35 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables
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- 2021
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7. Comments on 'An evaluation of hurricane superintensity in axisymmetric numerical models' by Rapha\'el Rousseau-Rizzi and Kerry Emanuel
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Makarieva, Anastassia M., Nefiodov, Andrei V., Sheil, Douglas, Nobre, Antonio Donato, Chikunov, Alexander V., Plunien, Günter, and Li, Bai-Lian
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Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ,Physics - Fluid Dynamics - Abstract
In a recent paper Rousseau-Rizzi and Emanuel (2019) presented a derivation of an upper limit on maximum hurricane velocity at the surface. This derivation was based on a consideration of an infinitely narrow (differential) Carnot cycle with the warmer isotherm at the point of the maximum wind velocity. Here we show that this derivation neglected a significant term describing the kinetic energy change in the outflow. Additionally, we highlight the importance of a proper accounting for the power needed to lift liquid water. Finally, we provide a revision to the formula for surface fluxes of heat and momentum showing that, if we accept the assumptions adopted by Rousseau-Rizzi and Emanuel (2019), the resulting velocity estimate does not depend on the flux of sensible heat., Comment: Our comments on paper "An evaluation of hurricane superintensity in axisymmetric numerical models" by Rapha\"el Rousseau-Rizzi and Kerry Emanuel published in J. Atmos. Sci. 76, 1697 (2019)
- Published
- 2020
8. Hurricane's maximum potential intensity and surface heat fluxes
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Makarieva, Anastassia M., Gorshkov, Victor G., Nefiodov, Andrei V., Chikunov, Alexander V., Sheil, Douglas, Nobre, Antonio Donato, Nobre, Paulo, and Li, Bai-Lian
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Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ,Physics - Fluid Dynamics - Abstract
Emanuel's concept of Maximum Potential Intensity (E-PI) relates the maximum velocity $V_{\rm max}$ of tropical storms, assumed to be in gradient wind balance, to environmental parameters. Several studies suggested that the unbalanced flow is responsible for E-PI sometimes significantly underpredicting $V_{\rm max}$. Additionally, two major modifications generated a considerable range of E-PI predictions: the dissipative heating and the power expended to lift water were respectively suggested to increase and reduce E-PI $V_{\rm max}$ by about 20%. Here we re-derive the E-PI concept separating its dynamic and thermodynamic assumptions and lifting the gradient wind balance limitation. Our analysis reveals that E-PI formulations for a balanced and a radially unbalanced flow are similar, while the systematic underestimate of $V_{\rm max}$ reflects instead an incompatibility between several E-PI assumptions. We discuss how these assumptions can be modified. We further show that irrespective of whether dissipative heating occurs or not, E-PI uniquely relates $V_{\rm max}$ to the latent heat flux (not to the total oceanic heat flux as originally proposed). We clarify that, in contrast to previous suggestions, lifting water has little impact on E-PI. We demonstrate that in E-PI the negative work of the pressure gradient in the upper atmosphere consumes all the kinetic energy generated in the boundary layer. This key dynamic constraint is independent of other E-PI assumptions and thus can apply to diverse circulation patterns. Finally, we show that the E-PI maximum kinetic energy per unit volume equals the local partial pressure of water vapor and discuss the implications of this finding for predicting $V_{\rm max}$., Comment: 29 pages, 1 figure. Derivation is generalized to account for the radially unbalanced flow
- Published
- 2018
9. Comments on 'Is condensation-induced atmospheric dynamics a new theory of the origin of the winds?' by Jaramillo et al. (2018)
- Author
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Makarieva, Anastassia M., Gorshkov, Victor G., Nobre, Antonio Donato, Nefiodov, Andrei V., Sheil, Douglas, Nobre, Paulo, and Li, Bai-Lian
- Subjects
Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Abstract
Our comments on paper "Is Condensation-Induced Atmospheric Dynamics a New Theory of the Origin of the Winds?" by A. Jaramillo, O. J. Mesa, and D. J. Raymond published in J. Atmos. Sci. 75, 3305 (2018)., Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure
- Published
- 2018
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10. Vegetation impact on atmospheric moisture transport under increasing land-ocean temperature contrasts
- Author
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Makarieva, Anastassia M., Nefiodov, Andrei V., Nobre, Antonio Donato, Sheil, Douglas, Nobre, Paulo, Pokorný, Jan, Hesslerová, Petra, and Li, Bai-Lian
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- 2022
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11. Quantifying the global atmospheric power budget
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Makarieva, Anastassia M., Gorshkov, Victor G., Nefiodov, Andrei V., Sheil, Douglas, Nobre, Antonio Donato, and Li, Bai-Lian
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Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ,Physics - Fluid Dynamics - Abstract
The power of atmospheric circulation is a key measure of the Earth's climate system. The mismatch between predictions and observations under a warming climate calls for a reassessment of how atmospheric power $W$ is defined, estimated and constrained. Here we review published formulations for $W$ and show how they differ when applied to a moist atmosphere. Three factors, a non-zero source/sink in the continuity equation, the difference between velocities of gaseous air and condensate, and interaction between the gas and condensate modifying the equations of motion, affect the formulation of $W$. Starting from the thermodynamic definition of mechanical work, we derive an expression for $W$ from an explicit consideration of the equations of motion and continuity. Our analyses clarify how some past formulations are incomplete or invalid. Three caveats are identified. First, $W$ critically depends on the boundary condition for gaseous air velocity at the Earth's surface. Second, confusion between gaseous air velocity and mean velocity of air and condensate in the expression for $W$ results in gross errors despite the observed magnitudes of these velocities are very close. Third, $W$ expressed in terms of measurable atmospheric parameters, air pressure and velocity, is scale-specific; this must be taken into account when adding contributions to $W$ from different processes. We present a formulation of the atmospheric power budget, which distinguishes three components of $W$: the kinetic power associated with horizontal pressure gradients ($W_K$), the gravitational power of precipitation ($W_P$) and the condensate loading ($W_c$). We use MERRA and NCAR/NCEP re-analyses to evaluate the atmospheric power budget at different scales: $W_K$ increases with temporal resolution approaching our theoretical estimate for condensation-induced circulation when all convective motion is resolved., Comment: 55 pages, 14 figures; minor revisions after another discussion, see https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2017-17-AC7 and www.bioticregulation.ru/ab.php?id=he
- Published
- 2016
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12. Spatiotemporal relationships between sea level pressure and air temperature in the tropics
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Makarieva, Anastassia M., Gorshkov, Victor G., Nefiodov, Andrei V., Sheil, Douglas, Nobre, Antonio Donato, and Li, Bai-Lian Larry
- Subjects
Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ,Physics - Fluid Dynamics - Abstract
While surface temperature gradients have been highlighted as drivers of low-level atmospheric circulation, the underlying physical mechanisms remain unclear. Lindzen and Nigam (1987) noted that sea level pressure (SLP) gradients are proportional to surface temperature gradients if isobaric height (the height where pressure does not vary in the horizontal plane) is constant; their own model of low-level circulation assumed that isobaric height in the tropics is around 3 km. Recently Bayr and Dommenget (2013) proposed a simple model of temperature-driven air redistribution from which they derived that the isobaric height in the tropics again varies little but occurs higher (at the height of the troposphere). Here investigations show that neither the empirical assumption of Lindzen and Nigam (1987) nor the theoretical derivations of Bayr and Dommenget (2013) are plausible. Observations show that isobaric height is too variable to determine a universal spatial or temporal relationship between local values of air temperature and SLP. Since isobaric height cannot be determined from independent considerations, the relationship between SLP and temperature is not evidence that differential heating drives low-level circulation. An alternative theory suggests SLP gradients are determined by the condensation of water vapor as moist air converges towards the equator. This theory quantifies the meridional SLP differences observed by season across the Hadley cells reasonably well. Higher temperature of surface air where SLP is low may be determined by equatorward transport and release of latent heat below the trade wind inversion layer. The relationship between atmospheric circulation and moisture dynamics merits further investigation., Comment: 31 pages, 11 figures, 2 Tables
- Published
- 2014
13. Reply to comment of Bister and co-authors on the critique of the dissipative heat engine
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Makarieva, Anastassia M., Gorshkov, Victor G., Li, Bai-Lian, and Nobre, Antonio Donato
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Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Abstract
The dissipative heat engine (DHE) is based on a Carnot cycle with external heat Qin received at temperature Ts and released at To < Ts. In contrast to the classical Carnot engine, mechanical work Ad in the DHE is not exported to external environment but dissipates to heat within the engine. Makarieva et al. (2010, hereafter MGLN) asserted that the laws of thermodynamics prohibit an increase of Ad beyond the Carnot limit: Ad <= epsilon Qin, epsilon = (Ts - To)/Ts. Bister et al. (2010, hereafter BRPE) counterargued that such an increase is possible and that hurricanes can be viewed as a natural DHE. Here we show that the arguments of BRPE are not consistent with the energy conservation law and thus do not refute MGLN's claims., Comment: 3 pages
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- 2010
14. Re-appraisal of the global climatic role of natural forests for improved climate projections and policies
- Author
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Makarieva, Anastassia M., primary, Nefiodov, Andrei V., additional, Rammig, Anja, additional, and Nobre, Antonio Donato, additional
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- 2023
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15. Disinformation permeates Castro's reply to Rajão et al. (2022)
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Rajão, Raoni, primary, Nobre, Antonio Donato, additional, Cunha, Evandro L.T.P., additional, Duarte, Tiago Ribeiro, additional, Marcolino, Camilla, additional, Soares-Filho, Britaldo S., additional, Sparovek, Gerd, additional, Rodrigues, Ricardo R., additional, Valera, Carlos, additional, Bustamante, Mercedes, additional, Nobre, Carlos, additional, and de Lima, Letícia Santos, additional
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- 2023
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16. The role of ecosystem transpiration in creating alternate moisture regimes by influencing atmospheric moisture convergence
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Makarieva, Anastassia M., primary, Nefiodov, Andrei V., additional, Nobre, Antonio Donato, additional, Baudena, Mara, additional, Bardi, Ugo, additional, Sheil, Douglas, additional, Saleska, Scott R., additional, Molina, Ruben D., additional, and Rammig, Anja, additional
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- 2023
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17. Supplementary Information for 'The role of ecosystem transpiration in creating alternate moisture regimes by influencing atmospheric moisture convergence'
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Makarieva, Anastassia, Nefiodov, Andrei, Nobre, Antonio Donato, Baudena, Mara, Bardi, Ugo, Sheil, Douglas, Saleska, Scott R., Molina, Ruben D., and Rammig, Anja
- Abstract
Supplementary Information for paper "The role of ecosystem transpiration in creating alternate moisture regimes by influencing atmospheric moisture convergence", contains two tables and one figure.
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- 2023
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18. Land use still matters after deforestation
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Maeda, Eduardo Eiji, Aragao, Luiz E. O. C., Baker, Jessica C. A., Balbino, Luiz Carlos, de Moura, Yhasmin Mendes, Nobre, Antonio Donato, Nunes, Matheus Henrique, Silva Junior, Celso H. L., dos Reis, Julio Cesar, Department of Geosciences and Geography, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), and TreeD lab - Terrestrial Ecosystem Dynamics
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1171 Geosciences ,3 decades ,1172 Environmental sciences - Abstract
Careful management of deforested Amazonian land cannot replace, but must complement, efforts to preserve the rainforest. Sustainable agricultural practices that promote diverse uses can help minimise climate and environmental impacts.
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- 2023
19. Water Lifting and Outflow Gain of Kinetic Energy in Tropical Cyclones.
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Makarieva, Anastassia M., Gorshkov, Victor G., Nefiodov, Andrei V., Chikunov, Alexander V., Sheil, Douglas, Nobre, Antonio Donato, Nobre, Paulo, Plunien, Günter, and Molina, Ruben D.
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TROPICAL cyclones ,KINETIC energy ,STORMS ,THERMODYNAMIC cycles ,WIND speed ,OCEAN temperature - Abstract
While water lifting plays a recognized role in the global atmospheric power budget, estimates for this role in tropical cyclones vary from no effect to a major reduction in storm intensity. To better assess this impact, here we consider the work output of an infinitely narrow thermodynamic cycle with two streamlines connecting the top of the boundary layer in the vicinity of maximum wind (without assuming gradient-wind balance) to an arbitrary level in the inviscid free troposphere. The reduction of a storm's maximum wind speed due to water lifting is found to decline with increasing efficiency of the cycle and is about 5% for maximum observed Carnot efficiencies. In the steady-state cycle, there is an extra heat input associated with the warming of precipitating water. The corresponding positive extra work is of an opposite sign and several times smaller than that due to water lifting. We also estimate the gain of kinetic energy in the outflow region. Contrary to previous assessments, this term is found to be large when the outflow radius is small (comparable to the radius of maximum wind). Using our framework, we show that Emanuel's maximum potential intensity (E-PI) corresponds to a cycle where total work equals work performed at the top of the boundary layer (net work in the free troposphere is zero). This constrains a dependence between the outflow temperature and heat input at the point of maximum wind, but does not constrain the radial pressure gradient. We outline the implications of the established patterns for assessing real storms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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20. O risco das falsas controvérsias científicas para as políticas ambientais brasileiras
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Rajão, Raoni, Nobre, Antonio Donato, Cunha, Evandro Landulfo Teixeira Paradela, Duarte, Tiago Ribeiro, Marcolino, Camilla, Soares-Filho, Britaldo, Sparovek, Gerd, Rodrigues, Ricardo, Valera, Carlos, Bustamante, Mercedes Maria da Cunha, Nobre, Carlos, and Lima, Letícia Santos de
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Políticas ambientais ,Política pública - Brasil ,Meio ambiente - Abstract
Versão traduzida do artigo “The risk of fake controversies for Brazilian environmental policies”, publicado no periódico Biological Conservation, v. 266,em fevereiro de 2022. Disponível em: < https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021. 109447>.Tradução de Evandro L. T. P. Cunha e Letícia Santos de Lima. Falsas controvérsias têm influenciado a elaboração de políticas sobre questões ambientais e de saúde há décadas, resultando em grandes retrocessos na implementação dessas políticas em todo o mundo. Utilizando um estudo de caso, neste artigo são examinadas falsas controvérsias produzidas por um pequeno grupo de pesquisadores brasileiros que têm afetado seriamente a conservação ambiental, particularmente em questões relacionadas ao desmatamento e às mudanças climáticas. Com base na literatura, foi desenvolvida uma tipologia das estratégias empregadas em falsas controvérsias, que incluem a fabricação de incertezas, o uso indevido de credenciais científicas e a desconsideração da literatura científica. Posteriormente, foi examinada a influência desse grupo de negacionistas no Congresso Nacional. Analisam-se, então, as falsas controvérsias promovidas por esses negacionistas e argumenta-se que, para entende-las adequadamente, é necessário considerar uma estratégia até agora negligenciada na literatura: a criação de “pseudofatos”, ou seja, afirmações em desacordo com a literatura científica já estabelecida, mas que são mascaradas para parecerem fatos científicos. Ao contrário de outros contextos, nos quais os negacionistas têm procurado principalmente lançar dúvidas sobre questões já consensuais, argumentando que ainda existem incertezas consideráveis em torno delas, no Brasil foram produzidos e publicados pseudofatos sobre o desmatamento fora do âmbito da literatura revisada por pares. Concluímos o estudo com recomendações sobre como se opor às falsas controvérsias científicas que ameaçam a conservação ambiental em geral.
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- 2022
21. The risk of fake controversies for Brazilian environmental policies
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Rajão, Raoni, primary, Nobre, Antonio Donato, additional, Cunha, Evandro L.T.P., additional, Duarte, Tiago Ribeiro, additional, Marcolino, Camilla, additional, Soares-Filho, Britaldo, additional, Sparovek, Gerd, additional, Rodrigues, Ricardo R., additional, Valera, Carlos, additional, Bustamante, Mercedes, additional, Nobre, Carlos, additional, and Santos de Lima, Letícia, additional
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- 2022
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22. Vegetation Impact on Atmospheric Moisture Transport Under Increasing Land-Ocean Temperature Contrasts
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Makarieva, Anastassia, primary, Nefiodov, Andrei V., additional, Nobre, Antonio Donato, additional, Sheil, Douglas, additional, Nobre, Paulo, additional, Pokorny, Jan, additional, Hesslerova, Petra, additional, and Li, Bai-Lian, additional
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- 2022
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23. A critique of some modern applications of the Carnot heat engine concept: the dissipative heat engine cannot exist
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Makarieva, Anastassia M., Gorshkov, Victor G., Li, Bai-Lian, and Nobre, Antonio Donato
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- 2010
24. Interception water-partitioning dynamics for a pristine rainforest in Central Amazonia: Marked differences between normal and dry years
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Cuartas, Luz Adriana, Tomasella, Javier, Nobre, Antonio Donato, Hodnett, Martin G., Waterloo, Maarten J., and Múnera, Juan Camilo
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- 2007
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25. Coupling the terrestrial hydrology model with biogeochemistry to the integrated LAND surface model: Amazon Basin applications
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Anderson de Castro, Aline, primary, Cuartas, Luz Adriana, additional, Coe, Michael T., additional, Von Randow, Celso, additional, Castanho, Andrea, additional, Ovando, Alex, additional, Nobre, Antonio Donato, additional, Koumrouyan, Adriana, additional, Sampaio, Gilvan, additional, and Costa, Marcos Heil, additional
- Published
- 2018
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26. Development of an automated GIS tool for reproducing the HAND terrain model
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Rahmati, Omid, primary, Kornejady, Aiding, additional, Samadi, Mahmood, additional, Nobre, Antonio Donato, additional, and Melesse, Assefa M., additional
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- 2018
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27. Fuel for cyclones: The water vapor budget of a hurricane as dependent on its movement
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Makarieva, Anastassia M., primary, Gorshkov, Victor G., additional, Nefiodov, Andrei V., additional, Chikunov, Alexander V., additional, Sheil, Douglas, additional, Nobre, Antonio Donato, additional, and Li, Bai-Lian, additional
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- 2017
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28. The equations of motion for moist atmospheric air
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Makarieva, Anastassia M., primary, Gorshkov, Victor G., additional, Nefiodov, Andrei V., additional, Sheil, Douglas, additional, Nobre, Antonio Donato, additional, Bunyard, Peter, additional, Nobre, Paulo, additional, and Li, Bai‐Lian, additional
- Published
- 2017
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29. Simulation of Surface Fluxes in Two Distinct Environments along a Topographic Gradient in a Central Amazonian Forest using the INtegrated LAND Surface Model
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Broedel, Elisângela, primary, Von Randow, Celso, additional, Cuartas, Luz Adriana, additional, Nobre, Antonio Donato, additional, de Araújo, Alessandro Carioca, additional, Kruijt, Bart, additional, Tourigny, Etienne, additional, Cândido, Luiz Antônio, additional, Hodnett, Martin, additional, and Tomasella, Javier, additional
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- 2017
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30. Quantifying the global atmospheric power budget
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Makarieva, Anastassia M., primary, Gorshkov, Victor G., additional, Nefiodov, Andrei V., additional, Sheil, Douglas, additional, Nobre, Antonio Donato, additional, and Li, Bai-Lian, additional
- Published
- 2017
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31. Quantifying the global atmospheric power budget
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Makarieva, Anastassia M., primary, Gorshkov, Victor G., additional, Nefiodov, Andrei V., additional, Sheil, Douglas, additional, Nobre, Antonio Donato, additional, and Li, Bai-Lian, additional
- Published
- 2016
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32. HAND contour: a new proxy predictor of inundation extent
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Nobre, Antonio Donato, primary, Cuartas, Luz Adriana, additional, Momo, Marcos Rodrigo, additional, Severo, Dirceu Luís, additional, Pinheiro, Adilson, additional, and Nobre, Carlos Afonso, additional
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- 2015
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33. Simulation of Surface Fluxes in Two Distinct Environments along a Topographic Gradient in a Central Amazonian Forest using the INtegrated LAND Surface Model.
- Author
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Broedel, Elisângela, Von Randow, Celso, Cuartas, Luz Adriana, Nobre, Antonio Donato, de Araójo, Alessandro Carioca, Kruijt, Bart, Tourigny, Etienne, Cândido, Luiz Antônio, Hodnett, Martin, and Tomasella, Javier
- Abstract
The Integrated Land Surface model (INLAND) land surface model, in offline mode, was adjusted and forced with prescribed climate to represent two contrasting environments along a topographic gradient in a central Amazon Terra Firme forest, which is distinguished by well-drained, flat plateaus and poorly drained, broad river valleys. To correctly simulate the valley area, a lumped unconfined aquifer model was included in the INLAND model to represent the water table dynamics and results show reasonable agreement with observations. Field data from both areas are used to evaluate the model simulations of energy, water and carbon fluxes. The model is able to characterize with good accuracy the main differences that appear in the seasonal energy and carbon partitioning of plateau and valley fluxes, which are related to features of the vegetation associated with soils and topography. The simulated latent heat flux (LE) and net ecosystem exchange of carbon (NEE), for example, are higher on the plateau area while at the bottom of the valley the sensible heat flux (H) is noticeably higher than at the plateau, in agreement with observed data. Differences in simulated hydrological fluxes are also linked to the topography, showing a higher surface runoff (R) and lower evapotranspiration (ET) in the valley area. The different behavior of the fluxes on both annual and diurnal time scales confirms the benefit of a tiling mechanism in the presence of large contrast and the importance to incorporate subgrid-scale variability by including relief attributes of topography, soil and vegetation to better representing Terra Firme forests in land surface models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Quantifying the global atmospheric power budget.
- Author
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Makarieva, Anastassia M., Gorshkov, Victor G., Nefiodov, Andrei V., Sheil, Douglas, Nobre, Antonio Donato, and Bai-Lian Li
- Abstract
The power of atmospheric circulation is a key measure of the Earth's climate system. The mismatch between predictions and observations under a warming climate calls for a reassessment of how atmospheric power W is defined, estimated and constrained. Here we review published formulations for W and show how they differ when applied to a moist atmosphere. Three factors, a non-zero source/sink in the continuity equation, the difference between velocities of gaseous air and condensate, and interaction between the gas and condensate modyfing the equations of motion, affect the formulation of W. Starting from the thermodynamic definition of mechanical work, we derive an expression for W from an explicit consideration of the equations of motion and continuity. Our analyses clarify how some past formulations are incomplete or invalid. Three caveats are identified. First, W critically depends on the boundary condition for gaseous air velocity at the Earth's surface. Second, confusion between gaseous air velocity and mean velocity of air and condensate in the expression for W results in gross errors despite the observed magnitudes of these velocities are very close. Third, W expressed in terms of measurable atmospheric parameters, air pressure and velocity, is scale-specific; this must be taken into account when adding contributions to W from different processes. We further present a formulation of the atmospheric power budget, which distinguishes three components of W: the kinetic power associated with horizontal pressure gradients (W
K ), the gravitational power of precipitation (WP ) and the condensate loading (Wc ). This formulation is valid with an accuracy of the squared ratio of the vertical to horizontal air velocities. Unlike previous approaches, it allows evaluation of WP + Wc without knowledge of atmospheric moisture or precipitation. This formulation also highlights that WP and Wc are the least certain terms in the power budget as they depend on vertical velocity; WK depending on horizontal velocity is more robust. We use MERRA and NCAR/NCEP re-analyses to evaluate the atmospheric power budget at different scales. Estimates of WK are found to be consistent across the re-analyses, while estimates for W and WP drastically differ. We then estimate independent precipitation-based values of WP and discuss how such estimates could reduce uncertainties. Our analyses indicate that WK increases with temporal resolution approaching our theoretical estimate for condensation-induced circulation when all convective motion is resolved. Implications of these findings for constraining global atmospheric power are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. HAND contour: a new proxy predictor of inundation extent.
- Author
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Nobre, Antonio Donato, Cuartas, Luz Adriana, Momo, Marcos Rodrigo, Severo, Dirceu Luís, Pinheiro, Adilson, and Nobre, Carlos Afonso
- Subjects
RELIEF models ,ENVIRONMENTAL risk assessment ,FLOOD risk ,CALIBRATION ,DRAINAGE - Abstract
Tools for accurately predicting environmental risks, such as the location and spatial extent of potential inundation, are not widely available. A dependence on calibration and a lack of available flood data have prevented the widespread application of existing hydrodynamic methods for predicting the extent of inundation. We use the height above the nearest drainage (HAND) terrain model to develop a simple static approach for mapping the potential extent of inundation that does not depend on flood observations and extends beyond methods for mapping low-lying areas. While relying on the contour concept, the method utilizes drainage-normalized topography and flowpaths to delineate the relative vertical distances (drop) to the nearest river. The HAND-delineated relative drop is an effective distributed predictor of flood potential, which is directly related to the river stage height. We validated the new HAND contour approach using a flood event in Southern Brazil for which high-resolution maps were available. The results indicated that the flood hazard-mapping method accurately predicted the inundation extent of the channel carrying the flood wave and the channels influenced by flooding. For channels positioned outside of the flood-wave area, the method overestimated the actual flood extent. As an original static assessment of floodwaters across the landscape, the HAND contour method could be used to map flood hazards in areas with poor information and could promote the development of new methods for predicting hydrological hazards. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Distributed hydrological modeling of a micro-scale rainforest watershed in Amazonia: Model evaluation and advances in calibration using the new HAND terrain model
- Author
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Cuartas, Luz Adriana, primary, Tomasella, Javier, additional, Nobre, Antonio Donato, additional, Nobre, Carlos Afonso, additional, Hodnett, Martin G., additional, Waterloo, Maarten J., additional, Oliveira, Sylvia Mota de, additional, Randow, Rita de Cássia von, additional, Trancoso, Ralph, additional, and Ferreira, Mônica, additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. HAND, a new terrain descriptor using SRTM-DEM: Mapping terra-firme rainforest environments in Amazonia
- Author
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Rennó, Camilo Daleles, primary, Nobre, Antonio Donato, additional, Cuartas, Luz Adriana, additional, Soares, João Vianei, additional, Hodnett, Martin G., additional, Tomasella, Javier, additional, and Waterloo, Maarten J., additional
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Desenvolvimento de compósitos poliméricos com fibras vegetais naturais da biodiversidade: uma contribuição para a sustentabilidade amazônica
- Author
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Marinelli, Alessandra L., primary, Monteiro, Marcos R., additional, Ambrósio, José D., additional, Branciforti, Márcia C., additional, Kobayashi, Márcio, additional, and Nobre, Antonio Donato, additional
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Modelling Amazonian forest eddy covariance data: a comparison of big leaf versus sun/shade models for the C-14 tower at Manaus I. Canopy photosynthesis
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Mercado, Lina, primary, Lloyd, Jon, additional, Carswell, Fiona, additional, Malhi, Yadvinder, additional, Meir, Patrick, additional, and Nobre, Antonio Donato, additional
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Soil CO2 efflux in a tropical forest in the central Amazon.
- Author
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Sotta, Eleneide Doff, Meir, Patrick, Malhi, Yadvinder, Nobre, Antonio Donato, Hodnett, Martin, and Grace, John
- Subjects
TREES ,CARBON in soils ,SOIL moisture ,CARBON dioxide ,RAIN forests - Abstract
This study investigated the spatial and temporal variation in soil carbon dioxide (CO
2 ) efflux and its relationship with soil temperature, soil moisture and rainfall in a forest near Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. The mean rate of efflux was 6.45±0.25 SE μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 at 25.6±0.22 SE°C (5 cm depth) ranging from 4.35 to 9.76 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 ; diel changes in efflux were correlated with soil temperature ( r2 =0.60). However, the efflux response to the diel cycle in temperature was not always a clear exponential function. During period of low soil water content, temperature in deeper layers had a better relationship with CO2 efflux than with the temperature nearer the soil surface. Soil water content may limit CO2 production during the drying-down period that appeared to be an important factor controlling the efflux rate ( r2 =0.39). On the other hand, during the rewetting period microbial activity may be the main controlling factor, which may quickly induce very high rates of efflux. The CO2 flux chamber was adapted to mimic the effects of rainfall on soil CO2 efflux and the results showed that efflux rates reduced 30% immediately after a rainfall event. Measurements of the CO2 concentration gradient in the soil profile showed a buildup in the concentration of CO2 after rain on the top soil. This higher CO2 concentration developed shortly after rainfall when the soil pores in the upper layers were filled with water, which created a barrier for gas exchange between the soil and the atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Evaluation nocturnal surface fluxes of the scalares using boundary layer budget method
- Author
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Silva, Rodrigo da, Moraes, Osvaldo Luiz Leal de, Manzi, Antonio Ocimar, Nobre, Antonio Donato, Acevedo, Otávio Costa, and Degrazia, Gervásio Annes
- Subjects
Física ,Experimento ,Interação biosfera atmosfera ,Camada limite atmosférica ,CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::FISICA [CNPQ] - Abstract
We report on three campaigns to measure the structure of the nocturnal boundary layer in cleared and forested areas near Santarém, PA, in 2001 and 2003. The aim was to describe the temporal evolution of wind and thermodynamic profiles in the stable surface layer and to use the accumulation of scalars, such as CO2 in the layer as a way to infer surface fluxes. This was deemed necessary because the frequent very calm conditions limited the validity of eddy covariance flux CO2 measurements at these sites at night. In 2001, tethered balloon observations were made at a pasture site. In 2003, this study was repeated, with a special balloon sonde deployed to measure CO2, temperature, humidity, and pressure. During the convective period just after sunrise, both the eddy covariance and accumulation flux estimation methods are valid and were compared. At night the key is to determine the thickness of the atmospheric layer to which nocturnal respiratory CO2 accumulates. In the forest at night the CO2 accumulation layer was basically constant and had a height of 32 m. The mean CO2 night flux (Fc) was estimated as 0.09(±0.02) mgCO2/m2s. The average CO2 accumulation rate was constant into de forest, decreased linearly with height form canopy height to 100-140 m high. These results are in agreement with the average profiles measured from forest flux towers. Over plowed field we found a larger CO2 accumulation layer at 60-80 m, reaching more then 100 m on some nights. The mean CO2 night flux was estimated Fc=0.20(±0.2) mgCO2/m2s. We found two shape of CO2 accumulation rate near the ground. Two nights the accumulation rate was basically constant with height, other four nights it decreased linearly with height, from the surface to 30-50 m high. The level what the accumulation rate is zero vary from 80 m to 135 m high. Três campanhas de medidas da estrutura da camada limite noturna em área limpa e de floresta próximo de Santarém, PA, realizadas em 2001 e 2003 são apresentadas neste trabalho. O objetivo principal foi descrever a evolução temporal dos perfis de vento e termodinâmicos na camada limite estável para usar o método de acúmulo de escalares, como o CO2, nesta camada, como meio de estimar os fluxos superficiais. Isso se torna necessário porque freqüentemente condições de ventos calmos sobre estes sítios ocorrem durante o período noturno limitando a confiança das estimativas do fluxo de CO2 realizadas pelo método de covariância de vórtices turbulentos. Em 2001, usando balão cativo as observações foram realizadas no sítio de pastagem. Em 2003, estas observações foram repetidas com uma sonda especialmente desenvolvida para medir a concentração de CO2, temperatura, umidade e pressão do ar. Durante os primeiros estágios da convecção, logo após o nascer do sol, ambos métodos de covariância de vórtices e acumulação são validos e foram comparados. Durante a noite o principal é determinar a profundidade da camada atmosférica dentro da qual o CO2 acumula. Na floresta, à noite a camada de acumulação de CO2 basicamente foi constante e a altura foi de 32 m. O fluxo médio de CO2 à noite (Fc) foi estimado igual a 0.09(±0.03) mgCO2/m2s. Na média a taxa de acumulação de CO2 se manteve constante dentro da floresta, decrescendo até aproximadamente zero até níveis que variaram desde 100 m até 140 m. Estes resultados estão de acordo com as observações das torres de fluxo na região de estudo dos dados de longo termo do perfil do gás. Sobre o sítio com o solo arado a camada de acumulação de CO2 à noite em média varia entre 60-80 m, atingindo mais de 100 m em algumas noites. O fluxo noturno médio de CO2 foi estimado em Fc=0.20(±0.2) mgCO2/m2s. A variação vertical da taxa de acumulação apresentou dois padrões distintos próximo a superfície. Duas noites a variação vertical da taxa de acumulação foi aproximadamente constante, em outras quatro noites decresceu rapidamente com a altura, desde a superfície até 30-50 metros de altura. O nível a partir do qual a taxa de acumulação é nula variou desde 80 m a 135 m.
- Published
- 2006
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