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1. Reduction in post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) by preoperative risk stratification and adherence to a standardized anti emetic prophylaxis protocol in the day-care surgical population

Author

Sam Jenkins Stephenson, Meghna Jiwanmall, Noble E Cherian, S Kamakshi, and Aparna Williams

Subjects
ambulatory surgery, ponv prevention, Medicine
Abstract

Context: Postoperative nausea (PON) and postoperative vomiting (POV) are the most undesirable morbidity after anaesthesia. There is paucity of data on PONV from the Indian subcontinent. Aims: We aim to study the prevalence of PON and POV, associated risk factors and the effect of following standardized risk stratification and prophylaxis protocols in the day care patient population. Settings and Design: This was a prospective cohort study at a tertiary care teaching institute. Methods and Material: Data from 500 patients undergoing day care surgery over a period of 12 months were analysed. We used the Apfel scoring system for evaluation of risk of post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) for each participant. A standard PONV prophylaxis protocol was used intra-operatively. Statistical analysis used: Data analysis was done using the Mann-Whitney U test, the Chi-square and Fisher's exact test. Results: The period prevalence of post-operative nausea (PON) and post-operative vomiting (POV) was 2.04% and 2.45%, respectively, in this study. The prevalence of PONV in each risk category was lower than that predicted by the Apfel score due to utilization of a standard anti-emetic prophylactic protocol. We found younger age, previous history of nausea, previous history of vomiting, urological surgeries and alcohol consumption as significant risk factors for postoperative nausea. Longer duration of surgery, previous history of nausea, alcohol consumption and higher BMI were the significant risk factors for postoperative vomiting. Conclusions: Adherence to preoperative risk stratification and a standard anti-emetic prophylactic protocol can significantly reduce the prevalence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Published
2021
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4. Preface

Author

Noble E. Cunningham

Published
2015

6. Contents

Author

Noble E. Cunningham

Published
2015

19. Appendix I

Author

Noble E. Cunningham

Published
2015

21. Index

Author

Noble E. Cunningham

Published
2015

23. Quantification of multiple waterborne pathogens in drinking water, drainage channels, and surface water in Kampala, Uganda, during seasonal variation

Author

Nora J. Sadik, Sital Uprety, Amina Nalweyiso, Nicholas Kiggundu, Noble E. Banadda, Joanna L. Shisler, and Thanh H. Nguyen

Subjects
pathogen, enteric, water, seasonality, Environmental protection, TD169-171.8
Abstract

Abstract Longitudinal water quality monitoring is important for understanding seasonal variations in water quality, waterborne disease transmission, and future implications for climate change and public health. In this study, microfluidic quantitative polymerase chain reaction (MFQPCR) was used to quantify genes from pathogens commonly associated with human intestinal infections in water collected from protected springs, a public tap, drainage channels, and surface water in Kampala, Uganda, from November 2014 to May 2015. The differences in relative abundance of genes during the wet and dry seasons were also assessed. All water sources tested contained multiple genes from pathogenic microorganisms, with drainage channels and surface waters containing a higher abundance of genes as compared to protected spring and the public tap water. Genes detected represented the presence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Vibrio cholerae, and enterovirus. There was an increased presence of pathogenic genes in drainage channels during the wet season when compared to the dry season. In contrast, surface water and drinking water sources contained little seasonal variation in the quantity of microbes assayed. These results suggest that individual water source types respond uniquely to seasonal variability and that human interaction with contaminated drainage waters, rather than direct ingestion of contaminated water, may be a more important contributor to waterborne disease transmission. Furthermore, future work in monitoring seasonal variations in water quality should focus on understanding the baseline influences of any one particular water source given their unique complexities.

Published
2017
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24. Renal Recovery for Patients with ANCA-Associated Vasculitis and Low eGFR in the ADVOCATE Trial of Avacopan

Author

Peh, C. Au, Chakera, A., Cooper, B., Kurtkoti, J., Langguth, D., Levidiotis, V., Luxton, G., Mount, P., Mudge, D., Noble, E., Phoon, R., Ranganathan, D., Ritchie, A., Ryan, J., Suranyi, M., Rosenkranz, A., Lhotta, K., Kronbichler, A., Demoulin, N., Bovy, C., Hellemans, R., Hougardy, J., Sprangers, B., Wissing, K., Pagnoux, C., Barbour, S., Brachemi, S., Cournoyer, S., Girard, L., Laurin, L., Liang, P., Philibert, D., Walsh, M., Tesar, V., Becvar, R., Horak, P., Rychlik, I., Szpirt, W., Dieperink, H., Gregersen, J., Ivarsen, P., Krarup, E., Lyngsoe, C., Rigothier, C., Augusto, J., Belot, A., Chauveau, D., Cornec, D., Jourde-Chiche, N., Ficheux, M., Karras, A., Klein, A., Maurier, F., Mesbah, R., Moranne, O., Neel, A., Quemeneur, T., Saadoun, D., Terrier, B., Zaoui, P., Schaier, M., Benck, U., Bergner, R., Busch, M., Floege, J., Grundmann, F., Haller, H., Haubitz, M., Hellmich, B., Henes, J., Hohenstein, B., Hugo, C., Iking-Konert, C., Arndt, F., Kubacki, T., Kotter, I., Lamprecht, P., Lindner, T., Halbritter, J., Mehling, H., Schönermarck, U., Venhoff, N., Vielhauer, V., Witzke, O., Szombati, I., Szucs, G., Garibotto, G., Alberici, F., Brunetta, E., Dagna, L., De Vita, S., Emmi, G., Gabrielli, A., Manenti, L., Pieruzzi, F., Roccatello, D., Salvarani, C., Dobashi, H., Atsumi, T., Fujimoto, S., Hagino, N., Ihata, A., Kaname, S., Kaneko, Y., Katagiri, A., Katayama, M., Kirino, Y., Kitagawa, K., Komatsuda, A., Kono, H., Kurasawa, T., Matsumura, R., Mimura, T., Morinobu, A., Murakawa, Y., Naniwa, T., Nanki, T., Ogawa, N., Oshima, H., Sada, K., Sugiyama, E., Takeuchi, T., Taki, H., Tamura, N., Tsukamoto, T., Yamagata, K., Yamamura, M., van Daele, P., Rutgers, A., Teng, Y., Walker, R., Chua, I., Collins, M., Rabindranath, K., de Zoysa, J., Svensson, M., Grevbo, B., Kalstad, S., Little, M., Clarkson, M., Molloy, E., Pamplona, I. Agraz, Anton, J., Lucia, V. Barrio, Ciggaran, S., Cid, M. Cinta, Encarnacion, M. Diaz, Oliveras, X. Fulladosa, Soler, M. Jose, Rusinol, H. Marco, Praga, M., Porras, L. Quintana, Segarra, A., Bruchfeld, A., Segelmark, M., Soveri, I., Thomaidi, E., Westman, K., Neumann, T., Burnier, M., Daikeler, T., Dudler, J., Hauser, T., Seeger, H., Vogt, B., Jayne, D., Burton, J., Al Jayyousi, R., Amin, T., Andrews, J., Baines, L., Brogan, P., Dasgupta, B., Doulton, T., Flossmann, O., Griffin, S., Harper, J., Harper, L., Kidder, D., Klocke, R., Lanyon, P., Luqmani, R., McLaren, J., Makanjuola, D., McCann, L., Nandagudi, A., Selvan, S., O'Riordan, E., Patel, M., Patel, R., Pusey, C., Rajakariar, R., Robson, J., Robson, M., Salama, A., Smyth, L., Sznajd, J., Taylor, J., Merkel, P., Sreih, A., Belilos, E., Bomback, A., Carlin, J., Chen Lin, Y. Chang, Derebail, V., Dragoi, S., Dua, A., Forbess, L., Geetha, D., Gipson, P., Gohh, R., Greenwood, G.T., Hugenberg, S., Jimenez, R., Kaskas, M., Kermani, T., Kivitz, A., Koening, C., Langford, C., Marder, G., Mohamed, A., Monach, P., Neyra, N., Niemer, G., Niles, J., Obi, R., Owens, C., Parks, D., Podoll, A., Rovin, B., Sam, R., Shergy, W., Silva, A., Specks, U., Spiera, R., Springer, J., Striebich, C., Swarup, A., Thakar, S., Tiliakos, A., Tsai, Y., Waguespack, D., Wasko, M. Chester, Cortazar, Frank B., Niles, John L., Jayne, David R.W., Merkel, Peter A., Bruchfeld, Annette, Yue, Huibin, Schall, Thomas J., and Bekker, Pirow

Published
2023
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25. To guide future practice, perinatal trials should be much larger, simpler and less fragile with close to 100% ascertainment of mortality and other key outcomes

Author

Rieger, I., Osborn, D., Popat, H., Reid, S., de Waal, K., Wright, I., Wright, A., Buchan, J., Stubbs, M., Newnham, J., Simmer, K., Young, C., Loh, D., Kok, Y., Gill, A., Kluckow, M., Morris, J., Jeffery, M., Chen, Y., Morris, S., Sinhal, S., Cornthwaite, K., Walker, S., Watkins, A., Collins, C., Holberton, J., Noble, E., Sehgal, A., Yeomans, E., Elsayed, K., Mohamed, A.L., Broom, M., Koh, G., Lawrence, A., Liley, H., Gardener, G., Fox, J., Cartwright, D., Koorts, P., Pritchard, M., McKeown, L., Lui, K., Lainchbury, A., Shand, A., Michalowski, J., Smyth, J., Bolisetty, S., Adno, A., Lee, G., Seidler, Anna Lene, Askie, Lisa, Groom, K., Eaglen, D., Baker, E., Patel, H., Wilkes, N., Gullam, J., Austin, N., Leishman, D., Weston, P., White, N., Cooper, N., Broadbent, R., Stitely, M., Dawson, P., El-Naggar, W., Furlong, M., de Luca, D., Benachi, A., Letamendia, E., Escourrou, G., Dell'Orto, V., Sweet, D., Millar, M., Eltayeb, M., Sheikh, L., Ariff, S., Soll, R., Morris, E., Young, L., Evans, S., Belfort, M., Aagaard, K., Pammi, M., Mandy, G., Gandhi, M., Tarnow-Mordi, William Odita, Robledo, Kristy, Marschner, Ian, Seidler, Lene, and Simes, John

Published
2023
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27. Renal Recovery for Patients with ANCA-Associated Vasculitis and Low eGFR in the ADVOCATE Trial of Avacopan

Author

Cortazar, F. B., Niles, J. L., Jayne, D. R. W., Merkel, P. A., Bruchfeld, A., Yue, H., Schall, T. J., Bekker, P., Peh, C. A., Chakera, A., Cooper, B., Kurtkoti, J., Langguth, D., Levidiotis, V., Luxton, G., Mount, P., Mudge, D., Noble, E., Phoon, R., Ranganathan, D., Ritchie, A., Ryan, J., Suranyi, M., Rosenkranz, A., Lhotta, K., Kronbichler, A., Demoulin, N., Bovy, C., Hellemans, R., Hougardy, J., Sprangers, B., Wissing, K., Pagnoux, C., Barbour, S., Brachemi, S., Cournoyer, S., Girard, L., Laurin, L., Liang, P., Philibert, D., Walsh, M., Tesar, V., Becvar, R., Horak, P., Rychlik, I., Szpirt, W., Dieperink, H., Gregersen, J., Ivarsen, P., Krarup, E., Lyngsoe, C., Rigothier, C., Augusto, J., Belot, A., Chauveau, D., Cornec, D., Jourde-Chiche, N., Ficheux, M., Karras, A., Klein, A., Maurier, F., Mesbah, R., Moranne, O., Neel, A., Quemeneur, T., Saadoun, D., Terrier, B., Zaoui, P., Schaier, M., Benck, U., Bergner, R., Busch, M., Floege, J., Grundmann, F., Haller, H., Haubitz, M., Hellmich, B., Henes, J., Hohenstein, B., Hugo, C., Iking-Konert, C., Arndt, F., Kubacki, T., Kotter, I., Lamprecht, P., Lindner, T., Halbritter, J., Mehling, H., Schonermarck, U., Venhoff, N., Vielhauer, V., Witzke, O., Szombati, I., Szucs, G., Garibotto, G., Alberici, F., Brunetta, E., Dagna, L., De Vita, S., Emmi, G., Gabrielli, A., Manenti, L., Pieruzzi, F., Roccatello, D., Salvarani, C., Dobashi, H., Atsumi, T., Fujimoto, S., Hagino, N., Ihata, A., Kaname, S., Kaneko, Y., Katagiri, A., Katayama, M., Kirino, Y., Kitagawa, K., Komatsuda, A., Kono, H., Kurasawa, T., Matsumura, R., Mimura, T., Morinobu, A., Murakawa, Y., Naniwa, T., Nanki, T., Ogawa, N., Oshima, H., Sada, K., Sugiyama, E., Takeuchi, T., Taki, H., Tamura, N., Tsukamoto, T., Yamagata, K., Yamamura, M., van Daele, P., Rutgers, A., Teng, Y., Walker, R., Chua, I., Collins, M., Rabindranath, K., de Zoysa, J., Svensson, M., Grevbo, B., Kalstad, S., Little, M., Clarkson, M., Molloy, E., Pamplona, I. A., Anton, J., Lucia, V. B., Ciggaran, S., Cid, M. C., Encarnacion, M. D., Oliveras, X. F., Soler, M. J., Rusinol, H. M., Praga, M., Porras, L. Q., Segarra, A., Segelmark, M., Soveri, I., Thomaidi, E., Westman, K., Neumann, T., Burnier, M., Daikeler, T., Dudler, J., Hauser, T., Seeger, H., Vogt, B., Jayne, D., Burton, J., Al Jayyousi, R., Amin, T., Andrews, J., Baines, L., Brogan, P., Dasgupta, B., Doulton, T., Flossmann, O., Griffin, S., Harper, J., Harper, L., Kidder, D., Klocke, R., Lanyon, P., Luqmani, R., Mclaren, J., Makanjuola, D., Mccann, L., Nandagudi, A., Selvan, S., O'Riordan, E., Patel, M., Patel, R., Pusey, C., Rajakariar, R., Robson, J., Robson, M., Salama, A., Smyth, L., Sznajd, J., Taylor, J., Merkel, P., Sreih, A., Belilos, E., Bomback, A., Carlin, J., Chen Lin, Y. C., Derebail, V., Dragoi, S., Dua, A., Forbess, L., Geetha, D., Gipson, P., Gohh, R., Greenwood, G. T., Hugenberg, S., Jimenez, R., Kaskas, M., Kermani, T., Kivitz, A., Koening, C., Langford, C., Marder, G., Mohamed, A., Monach, P., Neyra, N., Niemer, G., Niles, J., Obi, R., Owens, C., Parks, D., Podoll, A., Rovin, B., Sam, R., Shergy, W., Silva, A., Specks, U., Spiera, R., Springer, J., Striebich, C., Swarup, A., Thakar, S., Tiliakos, A., Tsai, Y., Waguespack, D., Wasko, M. C., Cortazar, F, Niles, J, Jayne, D, Merkel, P, Bruchfeld, A, Yue, H, Schall, T, Bekker, P, Peh, C, Chakera, A, Cooper, B, Kurtkoti, J, Langguth, D, Levidiotis, V, Luxton, G, Mount, P, Mudge, D, Noble, E, Phoon, R, Ranganathan, D, Ritchie, A, Ryan, J, Suranyi, M, Rosenkranz, A, Lhotta, K, Kronbichler, A, Demoulin, N, Bovy, C, Hellemans, R, Hougardy, J, Sprangers, B, Wissing, K, Pagnoux, C, Barbour, S, Brachemi, S, Cournoyer, S, Girard, L, Laurin, L, Liang, P, Philibert, D, Walsh, M, Tesar, V, Becvar, R, Horak, P, Rychlik, I, Szpirt, W, Dieperink, H, Gregersen, J, Ivarsen, P, Krarup, E, Lyngsoe, C, Rigothier, C, Augusto, J, Belot, A, Chauveau, D, Cornec, D, Jourde-Chiche, N, Ficheux, M, Karras, A, Klein, A, Maurier, F, Mesbah, R, Moranne, O, Neel, A, Quemeneur, T, Saadoun, D, Terrier, B, Zaoui, P, Schaier, M, Benck, U, Bergner, R, Busch, M, Floege, J, Grundmann, F, Haller, H, Haubitz, M, Hellmich, B, Henes, J, Hohenstein, B, Hugo, C, Iking-Konert, C, Arndt, F, Kubacki, T, Kotter, I, Lamprecht, P, Lindner, T, Halbritter, J, Mehling, H, Schonermarck, U, Venhoff, N, Vielhauer, V, Witzke, O, Szombati, I, Szucs, G, Garibotto, G, Alberici, F, Brunetta, E, Dagna, L, De Vita, S, Emmi, G, Gabrielli, A, Manenti, L, Pieruzzi, F, Roccatello, D, Salvarani, C, Dobashi, H, Atsumi, T, Fujimoto, S, Hagino, N, Ihata, A, Kaname, S, Kaneko, Y, Katagiri, A, Katayama, M, Kirino, Y, Kitagawa, K, Komatsuda, A, Kono, H, Kurasawa, T, Matsumura, R, Mimura, T, Morinobu, A, Murakawa, Y, Naniwa, T, Nanki, T, Ogawa, N, Oshima, H, Sada, K, Sugiyama, E, Takeuchi, T, Taki, H, Tamura, N, Tsukamoto, T, Yamagata, K, Yamamura, M, van Daele, P, Rutgers, A, Teng, Y, Walker, R, Chua, I, Collins, M, Rabindranath, K, de Zoysa, J, Svensson, M, Grevbo, B, Kalstad, S, Little, M, Clarkson, M, Molloy, E, Pamplona, I, Anton, J, Lucia, V, Ciggaran, S, Cid, M, Encarnacion, M, Oliveras, X, Soler, M, Rusinol, H, Praga, M, Porras, L, Segarra, A, Segelmark, M, Soveri, I, Thomaidi, E, Westman, K, Neumann, T, Burnier, M, Daikeler, T, Dudler, J, Hauser, T, Seeger, H, Vogt, B, Burton, J, Al Jayyousi, R, Amin, T, Andrews, J, Baines, L, Brogan, P, Dasgupta, B, Doulton, T, Flossmann, O, Griffin, S, Harper, J, Harper, L, Kidder, D, Klocke, R, Lanyon, P, Luqmani, R, Mclaren, J, Makanjuola, D, Mccann, L, Nandagudi, A, Selvan, S, O'Riordan, E, Patel, M, Patel, R, Pusey, C, Rajakariar, R, Robson, J, Robson, M, Salama, A, Smyth, L, Sznajd, J, Taylor, J, Sreih, A, Belilos, E, Bomback, A, Carlin, J, Chen Lin, Y, Derebail, V, Dragoi, S, Dua, A, Forbess, L, Geetha, D, Gipson, P, Gohh, R, Greenwood, G, Hugenberg, S, Jimenez, R, Kaskas, M, Kermani, T, Kivitz, A, Koening, C, Langford, C, Marder, G, Mohamed, A, Monach, P, Neyra, N, Niemer, G, Obi, R, Owens, C, Parks, D, Podoll, A, Rovin, B, Sam, R, Shergy, W, Silva, A, Specks, U, Spiera, R, Springer, J, Striebich, C, Swarup, A, Thakar, S, Tiliakos, A, Tsai, Y, Waguespack, D, and Wasko, M

Subjects
avacopan, Clinical Research, renal recovery, Nephrology, low eGFR, complement 5a receptor, complement, ANCA-associated vasculiti
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: In the 330-patient ADVOCATE trial of avacopan for the treatment of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, in which 81% of patients had renal involvement, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) increased on average 7.3 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) in the avacopan group and 4.1 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) in the prednisone group (P = 0.029) at week 52. This new analysis examines the results in the patient subgroup with severe renal insufficiency at enrollment into the trial, i.e., eGFR ≤20 ml/min per 1.73 m(2). METHODS: eGFR was determined at baseline and over the course of the trial. Changes in eGFR were compared between the 2 treatment groups. RESULTS: In ADVOCATE, 27 of 166 patients (16%) in the avacopan group and 23 of 164 patients (14%) in the prednisone group had a baseline eGFR ≤20 ml/min per 1.73 m(2). At week 52, eGFR increased on average 16.1 and 7.7 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) in the avacopan and prednisone groups, respectively (P = 0.003). The last eGFR value measured during the 52-week treatment period was ≥2-fold higher than baseline in 41% of patients in the avacopan group compared to 13% in the prednisone group (P = 0.030). More patients in the avacopan group versus prednisone group had increases in eGFR above 20, 30, and 45 ml/min per 1.73 m(2), respectively. Serious adverse events occurred in 13 of 27 patients (48%) in the avacopan group and 16 of 23 patients (70%) in the prednisone group. CONCLUSION: Among patients with baseline eGFR ≤20 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) in the ADVOCATE trial, eGFR improved more in the avacopan group than in the prednisone group.

Published
2023

28. Renal Recovery for Patients with ANCA-Associated Vasculitis and Low eGFR in the ADVOCATE Trial of Avacopan

Author

Cortazar, F, Niles, J, Jayne, D, Merkel, P, Bruchfeld, A, Yue, H, Schall, T, Bekker, P, Peh, C, Chakera, A, Cooper, B, Kurtkoti, J, Langguth, D, Levidiotis, V, Luxton, G, Mount, P, Mudge, D, Noble, E, Phoon, R, Ranganathan, D, Ritchie, A, Ryan, J, Suranyi, M, Rosenkranz, A, Lhotta, K, Kronbichler, A, Demoulin, N, Bovy, C, Hellemans, R, Hougardy, J, Sprangers, B, Wissing, K, Pagnoux, C, Barbour, S, Brachemi, S, Cournoyer, S, Girard, L, Laurin, L, Liang, P, Philibert, D, Walsh, M, Tesar, V, Becvar, R, Horak, P, Rychlik, I, Szpirt, W, Dieperink, H, Gregersen, J, Ivarsen, P, Krarup, E, Lyngsoe, C, Rigothier, C, Augusto, J, Belot, A, Chauveau, D, Cornec, D, Jourde-Chiche, N, Ficheux, M, Karras, A, Klein, A, Maurier, F, Mesbah, R, Moranne, O, Neel, A, Quemeneur, T, Saadoun, D, Terrier, B, Zaoui, P, Schaier, M, Benck, U, Bergner, R, Busch, M, Floege, J, Grundmann, F, Haller, H, Haubitz, M, Hellmich, B, Henes, J, Hohenstein, B, Hugo, C, Iking-Konert, C, Arndt, F, Kubacki, T, Kotter, I, Lamprecht, P, Lindner, T, Halbritter, J, Mehling, H, Schonermarck, U, Venhoff, N, Vielhauer, V, Witzke, O, Szombati, I, Szucs, G, Garibotto, G, Alberici, F, Brunetta, E, Dagna, L, De Vita, S, Emmi, G, Gabrielli, A, Manenti, L, Pieruzzi, F, Roccatello, D, Salvarani, C, Dobashi, H, Atsumi, T, Fujimoto, S, Hagino, N, Ihata, A, Kaname, S, Kaneko, Y, Katagiri, A, Katayama, M, Kirino, Y, Kitagawa, K, Komatsuda, A, Kono, H, Kurasawa, T, Matsumura, R, Mimura, T, Morinobu, A, Murakawa, Y, Naniwa, T, Nanki, T, Ogawa, N, Oshima, H, Sada, K, Sugiyama, E, Takeuchi, T, Taki, H, Tamura, N, Tsukamoto, T, Yamagata, K, Yamamura, M, van Daele, P, Rutgers, A, Teng, Y, Walker, R, Chua, I, Collins, M, Rabindranath, K, de Zoysa, J, Svensson, M, Grevbo, B, Kalstad, S, Little, M, Clarkson, M, Molloy, E, Pamplona, I, Anton, J, Lucia, V, Ciggaran, S, Cid, M, Encarnacion, M, Oliveras, X, Soler, M, Rusinol, H, Praga, M, Porras, L, Segarra, A, Segelmark, M, Soveri, I, Thomaidi, E, Westman, K, Neumann, T, Burnier, M, Daikeler, T, Dudler, J, Hauser, T, Seeger, H, Vogt, B, Burton, J, Al Jayyousi, R, Amin, T, Andrews, J, Baines, L, Brogan, P, Dasgupta, B, Doulton, T, Flossmann, O, Griffin, S, Harper, J, Harper, L, Kidder, D, Klocke, R, Lanyon, P, Luqmani, R, Mclaren, J, Makanjuola, D, Mccann, L, Nandagudi, A, Selvan, S, O'Riordan, E, Patel, M, Patel, R, Pusey, C, Rajakariar, R, Robson, J, Robson, M, Salama, A, Smyth, L, Sznajd, J, Taylor, J, Sreih, A, Belilos, E, Bomback, A, Carlin, J, Chen Lin, Y, Derebail, V, Dragoi, S, Dua, A, Forbess, L, Geetha, D, Gipson, P, Gohh, R, Greenwood, G, Hugenberg, S, Jimenez, R, Kaskas, M, Kermani, T, Kivitz, A, Koening, C, Langford, C, Marder, G, Mohamed, A, Monach, P, Neyra, N, Niemer, G, Obi, R, Owens, C, Parks, D, Podoll, A, Rovin, B, Sam, R, Shergy, W, Silva, A, Specks, U, Spiera, R, Springer, J, Striebich, C, Swarup, A, Thakar, S, Tiliakos, A, Tsai, Y, Waguespack, D, Wasko, M, Cortazar F. B., Niles J. L., Jayne D. R. W., Merkel P. A., Bruchfeld A., Yue H., Schall T. J., Bekker P., Peh C. A., Chakera A., Cooper B., Kurtkoti J., Langguth D., Levidiotis V., Luxton G., Mount P., Mudge D., Noble E., Phoon R., Ranganathan D., Ritchie A., Ryan J., Suranyi M., Rosenkranz A., Lhotta K., Kronbichler A., Demoulin N., Bovy C., Hellemans R., Hougardy J., Sprangers B., Wissing K., Pagnoux C., Barbour S., Brachemi S., Cournoyer S., Girard L., Laurin L., Liang P., Philibert D., Walsh M., Tesar V., Becvar R., Horak P., Rychlik I., Szpirt W., Dieperink H., Gregersen J., Ivarsen P., Krarup E., Lyngsoe C., Rigothier C., Augusto J., Belot A., Chauveau D., Cornec D., Jourde-Chiche N., Ficheux M., Karras A., Klein A., Maurier F., Mesbah R., Moranne O., Neel A., Quemeneur T., Saadoun D., Terrier B., Zaoui P., Schaier M., Benck U., Bergner R., Busch M., Floege J., Grundmann F., Haller H., Haubitz M., Hellmich B., Henes J., Hohenstein B., Hugo C., Iking-Konert C., Arndt F., Kubacki T., Kotter I., Lamprecht P., Lindner T., Halbritter J., Mehling H., Schonermarck U., Venhoff N., Vielhauer V., Witzke O., Szombati I., Szucs G., Garibotto G., Alberici F., Brunetta E., Dagna L., De Vita S., Emmi G., Gabrielli A., Manenti L., Pieruzzi F., Roccatello D., Salvarani C., Dobashi H., Atsumi T., Fujimoto S., Hagino N., Ihata A., Kaname S., Kaneko Y., Katagiri A., Katayama M., Kirino Y., Kitagawa K., Komatsuda A., Kono H., Kurasawa T., Matsumura R., Mimura T., Morinobu A., Murakawa Y., Naniwa T., Nanki T., Ogawa N., Oshima H., Sada K., Sugiyama E., Takeuchi T., Taki H., Tamura N., Tsukamoto T., Yamagata K., Yamamura M., van Daele P., Rutgers A., Teng Y., Walker R., Chua I., Collins M., Rabindranath K., de Zoysa J., Svensson M., Grevbo B., Kalstad S., Little M., Clarkson M., Molloy E., Pamplona I. A., Anton J., Lucia V. B., Ciggaran S., Cid M. C., Encarnacion M. D., Oliveras X. F., Soler M. J., Rusinol H. M., Praga M., Porras L. Q., Segarra A., Segelmark M., Soveri I., Thomaidi E., Westman K., Neumann T., Burnier M., Daikeler T., Dudler J., Hauser T., Seeger H., Vogt B., Jayne D., Burton J., Al Jayyousi R., Amin T., Andrews J., Baines L., Brogan P., Dasgupta B., Doulton T., Flossmann O., Griffin S., Harper J., Harper L., Kidder D., Klocke R., Lanyon P., Luqmani R., McLaren J., Makanjuola D., McCann L., Nandagudi A., Selvan S., O'Riordan E., Patel M., Patel R., Pusey C., Rajakariar R., Robson J., Robson M., Salama A., Smyth L., Sznajd J., Taylor J., Merkel P., Sreih A., Belilos E., Bomback A., Carlin J., Chen Lin Y. C., Derebail V., Dragoi S., Dua A., Forbess L., Geetha D., Gipson P., Gohh R., Greenwood G. T., Hugenberg S., Jimenez R., Kaskas M., Kermani T., Kivitz A., Koening C., Langford C., Marder G., Mohamed A., Monach P., Neyra N., Niemer G., Niles J., Obi R., Owens C., Parks D., Podoll A., Rovin B., Sam R., Shergy W., Silva A., Specks U., Spiera R., Springer J., Striebich C., Swarup A., Thakar S., Tiliakos A., Tsai Y., Waguespack D., Wasko M. C., Cortazar, F, Niles, J, Jayne, D, Merkel, P, Bruchfeld, A, Yue, H, Schall, T, Bekker, P, Peh, C, Chakera, A, Cooper, B, Kurtkoti, J, Langguth, D, Levidiotis, V, Luxton, G, Mount, P, Mudge, D, Noble, E, Phoon, R, Ranganathan, D, Ritchie, A, Ryan, J, Suranyi, M, Rosenkranz, A, Lhotta, K, Kronbichler, A, Demoulin, N, Bovy, C, Hellemans, R, Hougardy, J, Sprangers, B, Wissing, K, Pagnoux, C, Barbour, S, Brachemi, S, Cournoyer, S, Girard, L, Laurin, L, Liang, P, Philibert, D, Walsh, M, Tesar, V, Becvar, R, Horak, P, Rychlik, I, Szpirt, W, Dieperink, H, Gregersen, J, Ivarsen, P, Krarup, E, Lyngsoe, C, Rigothier, C, Augusto, J, Belot, A, Chauveau, D, Cornec, D, Jourde-Chiche, N, Ficheux, M, Karras, A, Klein, A, Maurier, F, Mesbah, R, Moranne, O, Neel, A, Quemeneur, T, Saadoun, D, Terrier, B, Zaoui, P, Schaier, M, Benck, U, Bergner, R, Busch, M, Floege, J, Grundmann, F, Haller, H, Haubitz, M, Hellmich, B, Henes, J, Hohenstein, B, Hugo, C, Iking-Konert, C, Arndt, F, Kubacki, T, Kotter, I, Lamprecht, P, Lindner, T, Halbritter, J, Mehling, H, Schonermarck, U, Venhoff, N, Vielhauer, V, Witzke, O, Szombati, I, Szucs, G, Garibotto, G, Alberici, F, Brunetta, E, Dagna, L, De Vita, S, Emmi, G, Gabrielli, A, Manenti, L, Pieruzzi, F, Roccatello, D, Salvarani, C, Dobashi, H, Atsumi, T, Fujimoto, S, Hagino, N, Ihata, A, Kaname, S, Kaneko, Y, Katagiri, A, Katayama, M, Kirino, Y, Kitagawa, K, Komatsuda, A, Kono, H, Kurasawa, T, Matsumura, R, Mimura, T, Morinobu, A, Murakawa, Y, Naniwa, T, Nanki, T, Ogawa, N, Oshima, H, Sada, K, Sugiyama, E, Takeuchi, T, Taki, H, Tamura, N, Tsukamoto, T, Yamagata, K, Yamamura, M, van Daele, P, Rutgers, A, Teng, Y, Walker, R, Chua, I, Collins, M, Rabindranath, K, de Zoysa, J, Svensson, M, Grevbo, B, Kalstad, S, Little, M, Clarkson, M, Molloy, E, Pamplona, I, Anton, J, Lucia, V, Ciggaran, S, Cid, M, Encarnacion, M, Oliveras, X, Soler, M, Rusinol, H, Praga, M, Porras, L, Segarra, A, Segelmark, M, Soveri, I, Thomaidi, E, Westman, K, Neumann, T, Burnier, M, Daikeler, T, Dudler, J, Hauser, T, Seeger, H, Vogt, B, Burton, J, Al Jayyousi, R, Amin, T, Andrews, J, Baines, L, Brogan, P, Dasgupta, B, Doulton, T, Flossmann, O, Griffin, S, Harper, J, Harper, L, Kidder, D, Klocke, R, Lanyon, P, Luqmani, R, Mclaren, J, Makanjuola, D, Mccann, L, Nandagudi, A, Selvan, S, O'Riordan, E, Patel, M, Patel, R, Pusey, C, Rajakariar, R, Robson, J, Robson, M, Salama, A, Smyth, L, Sznajd, J, Taylor, J, Sreih, A, Belilos, E, Bomback, A, Carlin, J, Chen Lin, Y, Derebail, V, Dragoi, S, Dua, A, Forbess, L, Geetha, D, Gipson, P, Gohh, R, Greenwood, G, Hugenberg, S, Jimenez, R, Kaskas, M, Kermani, T, Kivitz, A, Koening, C, Langford, C, Marder, G, Mohamed, A, Monach, P, Neyra, N, Niemer, G, Obi, R, Owens, C, Parks, D, Podoll, A, Rovin, B, Sam, R, Shergy, W, Silva, A, Specks, U, Spiera, R, Springer, J, Striebich, C, Swarup, A, Thakar, S, Tiliakos, A, Tsai, Y, Waguespack, D, Wasko, M, Cortazar F. B., Niles J. L., Jayne D. R. W., Merkel P. A., Bruchfeld A., Yue H., Schall T. J., Bekker P., Peh C. A., Chakera A., Cooper B., Kurtkoti J., Langguth D., Levidiotis V., Luxton G., Mount P., Mudge D., Noble E., Phoon R., Ranganathan D., Ritchie A., Ryan J., Suranyi M., Rosenkranz A., Lhotta K., Kronbichler A., Demoulin N., Bovy C., Hellemans R., Hougardy J., Sprangers B., Wissing K., Pagnoux C., Barbour S., Brachemi S., Cournoyer S., Girard L., Laurin L., Liang P., Philibert D., Walsh M., Tesar V., Becvar R., Horak P., Rychlik I., Szpirt W., Dieperink H., Gregersen J., Ivarsen P., Krarup E., Lyngsoe C., Rigothier C., Augusto J., Belot A., Chauveau D., Cornec D., Jourde-Chiche N., Ficheux M., Karras A., Klein A., Maurier F., Mesbah R., Moranne O., Neel A., Quemeneur T., Saadoun D., Terrier B., Zaoui P., Schaier M., Benck U., Bergner R., Busch M., Floege J., Grundmann F., Haller H., Haubitz M., Hellmich B., Henes J., Hohenstein B., Hugo C., Iking-Konert C., Arndt F., Kubacki T., Kotter I., Lamprecht P., Lindner T., Halbritter J., Mehling H., Schonermarck U., Venhoff N., Vielhauer V., Witzke O., Szombati I., Szucs G., Garibotto G., Alberici F., Brunetta E., Dagna L., De Vita S., Emmi G., Gabrielli A., Manenti L., Pieruzzi F., Roccatello D., Salvarani C., Dobashi H., Atsumi T., Fujimoto S., Hagino N., Ihata A., Kaname S., Kaneko Y., Katagiri A., Katayama M., Kirino Y., Kitagawa K., Komatsuda A., Kono H., Kurasawa T., Matsumura R., Mimura T., Morinobu A., Murakawa Y., Naniwa T., Nanki T., Ogawa N., Oshima H., Sada K., Sugiyama E., Takeuchi T., Taki H., Tamura N., Tsukamoto T., Yamagata K., Yamamura M., van Daele P., Rutgers A., Teng Y., Walker R., Chua I., Collins M., Rabindranath K., de Zoysa J., Svensson M., Grevbo B., Kalstad S., Little M., Clarkson M., Molloy E., Pamplona I. A., Anton J., Lucia V. B., Ciggaran S., Cid M. C., Encarnacion M. D., Oliveras X. F., Soler M. J., Rusinol H. M., Praga M., Porras L. Q., Segarra A., Segelmark M., Soveri I., Thomaidi E., Westman K., Neumann T., Burnier M., Daikeler T., Dudler J., Hauser T., Seeger H., Vogt B., Jayne D., Burton J., Al Jayyousi R., Amin T., Andrews J., Baines L., Brogan P., Dasgupta B., Doulton T., Flossmann O., Griffin S., Harper J., Harper L., Kidder D., Klocke R., Lanyon P., Luqmani R., McLaren J., Makanjuola D., McCann L., Nandagudi A., Selvan S., O'Riordan E., Patel M., Patel R., Pusey C., Rajakariar R., Robson J., Robson M., Salama A., Smyth L., Sznajd J., Taylor J., Merkel P., Sreih A., Belilos E., Bomback A., Carlin J., Chen Lin Y. C., Derebail V., Dragoi S., Dua A., Forbess L., Geetha D., Gipson P., Gohh R., Greenwood G. T., Hugenberg S., Jimenez R., Kaskas M., Kermani T., Kivitz A., Koening C., Langford C., Marder G., Mohamed A., Monach P., Neyra N., Niemer G., Niles J., Obi R., Owens C., Parks D., Podoll A., Rovin B., Sam R., Shergy W., Silva A., Specks U., Spiera R., Springer J., Striebich C., Swarup A., Thakar S., Tiliakos A., Tsai Y., Waguespack D., and Wasko M. C.

Abstract

Introduction: In the 330-patient ADVOCATE trial of avacopan for the treatment of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, in which 81% of patients had renal involvement, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) increased on average 7.3 ml/min per 1.73 m2 in the avacopan group and 4.1 ml/min per 1.73 m2 in the prednisone group (P = 0.029) at week 52. This new analysis examines the results in the patient subgroup with severe renal insufficiency at enrollment into the trial, i.e., eGFR ≤20 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Methods: eGFR was determined at baseline and over the course of the trial. Changes in eGFR were compared between the 2 treatment groups. Results: In ADVOCATE, 27 of 166 patients (16%) in the avacopan group and 23 of 164 patients (14%) in the prednisone group had a baseline eGFR ≤20 ml/min per 1.73 m2. At week 52, eGFR increased on average 16.1 and 7.7 ml/min per 1.73 m2 in the avacopan and prednisone groups, respectively (P = 0.003). The last eGFR value measured during the 52-week treatment period was ≥2-fold higher than baseline in 41% of patients in the avacopan group compared to 13% in the prednisone group (P = 0.030). More patients in the avacopan group versus prednisone group had increases in eGFR above 20, 30, and 45 ml/min per 1.73 m2, respectively. Serious adverse events occurred in 13 of 27 patients (48%) in the avacopan group and 16 of 23 patients (70%) in the prednisone group. Conclusion: Among patients with baseline eGFR ≤20 ml/min per 1.73 m2 in the ADVOCATE trial, eGFR improved more in the avacopan group than in the prednisone group.

Published
2023

33. Reply to Z.R. McCaw et al

Author

Matulonis, U, Lorusso, D, Oaknin, A, Pignata, S, Dean, A, Denys, H, Colombo, N, Van Gorp, T, Konner, J, Marin, M, Harter, P, Murphy, C, Wang, J, Noble, E, Esteves, B, Method, M, Coleman, R, Matulonis, Ursula A, Lorusso, Domenica, Oaknin, Ana, Pignata, Sandro, Dean, Andrew, Denys, Hannelore, Colombo, Nicoletta, Van Gorp, Toon, Konner, Jason A, Marin, Margarita Romeo, Harter, Philipp, Murphy, Conleth G, Wang, Jiuzhou, Noble, Elizabeth, Esteves, Brooke, Method, Michael, Coleman, Robert L, Matulonis, U, Lorusso, D, Oaknin, A, Pignata, S, Dean, A, Denys, H, Colombo, N, Van Gorp, T, Konner, J, Marin, M, Harter, P, Murphy, C, Wang, J, Noble, E, Esteves, B, Method, M, Coleman, R, Matulonis, Ursula A, Lorusso, Domenica, Oaknin, Ana, Pignata, Sandro, Dean, Andrew, Denys, Hannelore, Colombo, Nicoletta, Van Gorp, Toon, Konner, Jason A, Marin, Margarita Romeo, Harter, Philipp, Murphy, Conleth G, Wang, Jiuzhou, Noble, Elizabeth, Esteves, Brooke, Method, Michael, and Coleman, Robert L

Published
2023

35. Lumbar Erector Spinae Plane Block for Posterior–Superior Iliac Spine Bone Graft Site Pain in Patients Undergoing Occipitocervical and C1–C2 Fusion for Atlantoaxial Dislocation/Odontoid Fracture—A Case Series

Author

Sam Jenkins Stephenson, Karen Ruby Lionel, Ramamani Mariappan, Noble E. Cherian, and Edmond Jonathan Gandham

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:RC321-571, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Lumbar, 030202 anesthesiology, medicine, Case Series, Iliac spine, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Ropivacaine, business.industry, Atlantoaxial dislocation, General Neuroscience, Ultrasound, Chronic pain, posterior–superior iliac spine, postoperative analgesia, medicine.disease, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, erector spinae plane block, occipitocervical fusion, Neurology (clinical), Bolus (digestion), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Posterior superior iliac spine, medicine.drug
Abstract

Pain at the autologous bone graft site from the posterior–superior iliac spine (PSIS) is severe enough to affect the postoperative ambulation. It adds to the morbidity of the surgical procedure. Inadequate pain management at the graft site not only affects the postoperative recovery but also can lead to chronic pain. We report the use of ultrasound (US)-guided lumbar erector spinae plane block (ESPB), to deliver effective analgesia for this pain. Patients who underwent occipitocervical fusion (OCF) and C1–C2 fusion using PSIS for atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD)/odontoid fracture from January to March 2020 and who received US-guided lumbar ESPB were retrospectively studied. All the necessary data were collected from the inpatient hospital, anesthesia, and the acute pain service records. A total of six patients received lumbar ESPB, of which one received a single shot injection, and the rest five had a catheter placement for postoperative analgesia. The average volume of intraoperative and postoperative bolus was 27(range: 15–30) and 21 (range: 15–30) mL of 0.2% ropivacaine, respectively. All patients achieved a unilateral sensory blockade ranging from L1 to L3 dermatomes. None of our patients had a numerical rating scale of > 4 on movement at any time point during the first 48 hours except in one, in whom only a single shot bolus was given. No complications related to ESPB were noted. All were ambulated on the second postoperative day except one. The average length of hospital stay was 6 (range: 4–10) days. US-guided lumbar ESPB provides excellent analgesia for PSIS bone graft site pain and promotes early ambulation.

Published
2021

36. Improving Cohort-Hospital Matching Accuracy through Standardization and Validation of Participant Identifiable Information

Author

Hu, YJ, Fedyukova, A, Wang, J, Said, JMM, Thomas, N, Noble, E, Cheong, JLY, Karanatsios, B, Goldfeld, S, Wake, M, Hu, YJ, Fedyukova, A, Wang, J, Said, JMM, Thomas, N, Noble, E, Cheong, JLY, Karanatsios, B, Goldfeld, S, and Wake, M

Abstract

Linking very large, consented birth cohorts to birthing hospitals clinical data could elucidate the lifecourse outcomes of health care and exposures during the pregnancy, birth and newborn periods. Unfortunately, cohort personally identifiable information (PII) often does not include unique identifier numbers, presenting matching challenges. To develop optimized cohort matching to birthing hospital clinical records, this pilot drew on a one-year (December 2020-December 2021) cohort for a single Australian birthing hospital participating in the whole-of-state Generation Victoria (GenV) study. For 1819 consented mother-baby pairs and 58 additional babies (whose mothers were not themselves participating), we tested the accuracy and effort of various approaches to matching. We selected demographic variables drawn from names, DOB, sex, telephone, address (and birth order for multiple births). After variable standardization and validation, accuracy rose from 10% to 99% using a deterministic-rule-based approach in 10 steps. Using cohort-specific modifications of the Australian Statistical Linkage Key (SLK-581), it took only 3 steps to reach 97% (SLK-5881) and 98% (SLK-5881.1) accuracy. We conclude that our SLK-5881 process could safely and efficiently achieve high accuracy at the population level for future birth cohort-birth hospital matching in the absence of unique identifier numbers.

Published
2022

38. Atmospheric Drivers of Greenland Surface Melt Revealed by Self-Organizing Maps

Author

Mioduszewski, J. R, Rennermalm, A. K, Hammann, A, Tedesco, M, Noble, E. U, Stroeve, J. C, and Mote, T. L

Subjects
Geophysics, Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

Recent acceleration in surface melt on the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) has occurred concurrently with a rapidly warming Arctic and has been connected to persistent, anomalous atmospheric circulation patterns over Greenland. To identify synoptic setups favoring enhanced GrIS surface melt and their decadal changes, we develop a summer Arctic synoptic climatology by employing self-organizing maps. These are applied to daily 500 hPa geopotential height fields obtained from the Modern Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications reanalysis, 1979-2014. Particular circulation regimes are related to meteorological conditions and GrIS surface melt estimated with outputs from the Modèle Atmosphérique Régional. Our results demonstrate that the largest positive melt anomalies occur in concert with positive height anomalies near Greenland associated with wind, temperature, and humidity patterns indicative of strong meridional transport of heat and moisture. We find an increased frequency in a 500 hPa ridge over Greenland coinciding with a 63% increase in GrIS melt between the 1979-1988 and 2005-2014 periods, with 75.0% of surface melt changes attributed to thermodynamics, 17% to dynamics, and 8.0% to a combination. We also confirm that the 2007-2012 time period has the largest dynamic forcing relative of any period but also demonstrate that increased surface energy fluxes, temperature, and moisture separate from dynamic changes contributed more to melt even during this period. This implies that GrIS surface melt is likely to continue to increase in response to an ever warmer future Arctic, regardless of future atmospheric circulation patterns.

Published
2016
Full Text
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40. Avacopan for the Treatment of ANCA-Associated Vasculitis

Author

Jayne, David R W, Merkel, Peter A, Schall, Thomas J, Bekker, Pirow, ADVOCATE Study Group:, C Au Peh, Chakera, A, Cooper, B, Kurtkoti, J, Langguth, D, Levidiotis, V, Luxton, G, Mount, P, Mudge, D, Noble, E, Phoon, R, Ranganathan, D, Ritchie, A, Ryan, J, Suranyi, M, Rosenkranz, A, Lhotta, K, Kronbichler, A, Demoulin, N, Bovy, C, Hellemans, R, Hougardy, J, Sprangers, B, Wissing, K, Pagnoux, C, Barbour, S, Brachemi, S, Cournoyer, S, Girard, L, Laurin, L, Liang, P, Philibert, D, Walsh, M, Tesar, V, Becvar, R, Horak, P, Rychlik, I, Szpirt, W, Dieperink, H, Gregersen, J, Ivarsen, P, Krarup, E, Lyngsoe, C, Rigothier, C, Augusto, J, Belot, A, Chauveau, D, Cornec, D, Jourde-Chiche, N, Ficheux, M, Karras, A, Klein, A, Maurier, F, Mesbah, R, Moranne, O, Neel, A, Quemeneur, T, Saadoun, D, Terrier, B, Zaoui, P, Schaier, M, Benck, U, Bergner, R, Busch, M, Floege, J, Grundmann, F, Haller, H, Haubitz, M, Hellmich, B, Henes, J, Hohenstein, B, Hugo, C, Iking-Konert, C, Arndt, F, Kubacki, T, Kotter, I, Lamprecht, P, Lindner, T, Halbritter, J, Mehling, H, Schönermarck, U, Venhoff, N, Vielhauer, V, Witzke, O, Szombati, I, Szucs, G, Garibotto, G, Alberici, F, Brunetta, E, Dagna, L, S De Vita, Emmi, G, Gabrielli, A, Manenti, L, Pieruzzi, F, Roccatello, D, Salvarani, C, Dobashi, H, Atsumi, T, Fujimoto, S, Hagino, N, Ihata, A, Kaname, S, Kaneko, Y, Katagiri, A, Katayama, M, Kirino, Y, Kitagawa, K, Komatsuda, A, Kono, H, Kurasawa, T, Matsumura, R, Mimura, T, Morinobu, A, Murakawa, Y, Naniwa, T, Nanki, T, Ogawa, N, Oshima, H, Sada, K, Sugiyama, E, Takeuchi, T, Taki, H, Tamura, N, Tsukamoto, T, Yamagata, K, Yamamura, M, P van Daele, Rutgers, A, Teng, Y, Walker, R, Chua, I, Collins, M, Rabindranath, K, J de Zoysa, Svensson, M, Grevbo, B, Kalstad, S, Little, M, Clarkson, M, Molloy, E, I Agraz Pamplona, Anton, J, V Barrio Lucia, Ciggaran, S, M Cinta Cid, M Diaz Encarnacion, X Fulladosa Oliveras, M Soler, J, H Rusinol, M, Praga, M, L Quintana Porras, Segarra, A, Bruchfeld, A, Segelmark, M, Soveri, I, Thomaidi, E, Westman, K, Neumann, T, Burnier, M, Daikeler, T, Dudler, J, Hauser, T, Seeger, H, Vogt, B, Jayne, D, Burton, J, R Al Jayyousi, Amin, T, Andrews, J, Baines, L, Brogan, P, Dasgupta, B, Doulton, T, Flossmann, O, Griffin, S, Harper, J, Harper, L, Kidder, D, Klocke, R, Lanyon, P, Luqmani, R, Mclaren, J, Makanjuola, D, Mccann, L, Nandagudi, A, Selvan, S, O'Riordan, E, Patel, M, Patel, R, Pusey, C, Rajakariar, R, Robson, J, Robson, M, Salama, A, Smyth, L, Sznajd, J, Taylor, J, Merkel, P, Sreih, A, Belilos, E, Bomback, A, Carlin, J, Y Chang Chen Lin, Derebail, V, Dragoi, S, Dua, A, Forbess, L, Geetha, D, Gipson, P, Gohh, R, T Greenwood, G, Hugenberg, S, Jimenez, R, Kaskas, M, Kermani, T, Kivitz, A, Koening, C, Langford, C, Marder, G, Mohamed, A, Monach, P, Neyra, N, Niemer, G, Niles, J, Obi, R, Owens, C, Parks, D, Podoll, A, Rovin, B, Sam, R, Shergy, W, Silva, A, Specks, U, Spiera, R, Springer, J, Striebich, C, Swarup, A, Thakar, S, Tiliakos, A, Tsai, Y, Waguespack, D, M Chester Wasko, Internal Medicine, Immunology, Jayne, D, Merkel, P, Schall, T, Bekker, P, Pieruzzi, F, Jayne, David RW [0000-0002-1712-0637], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Translational Immunology Groningen (TRIGR)

Subjects
Male, Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a/antagonists & inhibitors, Anaphylatoxin C5a, Anaphylatoxin C5a/antagonists & inhibitors, Nipecotic Acids, Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculiti, Administration, Oral, Azathioprine, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, urologic and male genital diseases, Gastroenterology, C5a receptor, Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage, Rituximab/administration & dosage, Immunosuppressive Agent, renal vasculitis, Prednisone/administration & dosage, 0302 clinical medicine, Glucocorticoid, immune system diseases, Prednisone, Recurrence, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, skin and connective tissue diseases, Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis/drug therapy, Aniline Compounds, Remission Induction, General Medicine, Aniline Compound, Middle Aged, Administration, Combination, Rituximab, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis, Cyclophosphamide, Double-Blind Method, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents, Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a, Vasculitis, Receptor, medicine.drug, Human, Azathioprine/administration & dosage, Oral, medicine.medical_specialty, Nipecotic Acid, ANCA-Associated Vasculitis, 03 medical and health sciences, Drug Therapy, Internal medicine, Aniline Compounds/adverse effects, cardiovascular diseases, Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage, Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, business.industry, Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage, medicine.disease, Nipecotic Acids/adverse effects, respiratory tract diseases, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The C5a receptor inhibitor avacopan is being studied for the treatment of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis.METHODS: In this randomized, controlled trial, we assigned patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis in a 1:1 ratio to receive oral avacopan at a dose of 30 mg twice daily or oral prednisone on a tapering schedule. All the patients received either cyclophosphamide (followed by azathioprine) or rituximab. The first primary end point was remission, defined as a Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) of 0 (on a scale from 0 to 63, with higher scores indicating greater disease activity) at week 26 and no glucocorticoid use in the previous 4 weeks. The second primary end point was sustained remission, defined as remission at both weeks 26 and 52. Both end points were tested for noninferiority (by a margin of 20 percentage points) and for superiority.RESULTS: A total of 331 patients underwent randomization; 166 were assigned to receive avacopan, and 165 were assigned to receive prednisone. The mean BVAS at baseline was 16 in both groups. Remission at week 26 (the first primary end point) was observed in 120 of 166 patients (72.3%) receiving avacopan and in 115 of 164 patients (70.1%) receiving prednisone (estimated common difference, 3.4 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -6.0 to 12.8; PCONCLUSIONS: In this trial involving patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis, avacopan was noninferior but not superior to prednisone taper with respect to remission at week 26 and was superior to prednisone taper with respect to sustained remission at week 52. All the patients received cyclophosphamide or rituximab. The safety and clinical effects of avacopan beyond 52 weeks were not addressed in the trial. (Funded by ChemoCentryx; ADVOCATE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02994927.).

Published
2021

46. Influenza and other respiratory viral infections associated with absence from school among schoolchildren in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA:a cohort study

Author

Read, J.M., Zimmer, S., Vukotich C., Jr., Schweizer, M.L., Galloway, D., Lingle, C., Yearwood, G., Calderone, P., Noble, E., Quadelacy, T., Grantz, K., Rinaldo, C., Gao, H., Rainey, J., Uzicanin, A., Cummings, D.A.T., Read, J.M., Zimmer, S., Vukotich C., Jr., Schweizer, M.L., Galloway, D., Lingle, C., Yearwood, G., Calderone, P., Noble, E., Quadelacy, T., Grantz, K., Rinaldo, C., Gao, H., Rainey, J., Uzicanin, A., and Cummings, D.A.T.

Abstract

Background: Information on the etiology and age-specific burden of respiratory viral infections among school-aged children remains limited. Though school aged children are often recognized as driving the transmission of influenza as well as other respiratory viruses, little detailed information is available on the distribution of respiratory infections among children of different ages within this group. Factors other than age including gender and time spent in school may also be important in determining risk of infection but have been little studied in this age group. Methods: We conducted a cohort study to determine the etiology of influenza like illness (ILI) among 2519 K–12 students during the 2012–13 influenza season. We obtained nasal swabs from students with ILI-related absences. Generalized linear mixed-effect regressions determined associations of outcomes, including ILI and laboratory-confirmed respiratory virus infection, with school grade and other covariates. Results: Overall, 459 swabs were obtained from 552 ILI–related absences. Respiratory viruses were found in 292 (63.6%) samples. Influenza was found in 189 (41.2%) samples. With influenza B found in 134 (70.9%). Rates of influenza B were significantly higher in grades 1 (10.1, 95% CI 6.8–14.4%), 2 (9.7, 6.6–13.6%), 3 (9.3, 6.3–13.2%), and 4 (9.9, 6.8–13.8%) than in kindergarteners (3.2, 1.5–6.0%). After accounting for grade, sex and self-reported vaccination status, influenza B infection risk was lower among kindergarteners in half-day programs compared to kindergarteners in full-day programs (OR = 0.19; 95% CI 0.08–0.45). Conclusions: ILI and influenza infection is concentrated in younger schoolchildren. Reduced infection by respiratory viruses is associated with a truncated school day for kindergarteners but this finding requires further investigation in other grades and populations.

Published
2021

47. Age-specific social mixing of school-aged children in a US setting using proximity detecting sensors and contact surveys

Author

Grantz, K.H., Cummings, D.A.T., Zimmer, S., Vukotich Jr, C., Galloway, D., Schweizer, M.L., Guclu, H., Cousins, J., Lingle, C., Yearwood, G.M.H., Li, K., Calderone, P., Noble, E., Gao, H., Rainey, J., Uzicanin, A., Read, J.M., Grantz, K.H., Cummings, D.A.T., Zimmer, S., Vukotich Jr, C., Galloway, D., Schweizer, M.L., Guclu, H., Cousins, J., Lingle, C., Yearwood, G.M.H., Li, K., Calderone, P., Noble, E., Gao, H., Rainey, J., Uzicanin, A., and Read, J.M.

Abstract

Comparisons of the utility and accuracy of methods for measuring social interactions relevant to disease transmission are rare. To increase the evidence base supporting specific methods to measure social interaction, we compared data from self-reported contact surveys and wearable proximity sensors from a cohort of schoolchildren in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. Although the number and type of contacts recorded by each participant differed between the two methods, we found good correspondence between the two methods in aggregate measures of age-specific interactions. Fewer, but longer, contacts were reported in surveys, relative to the generally short proximal interactions captured by wearable sensors. When adjusted for expectations of proportionate mixing, though, the two methods produced highly similar, assortative age-mixing matrices. These aggregate mixing matrices, when used in simulation, resulted in similar estimates of risk of infection by age. While proximity sensors and survey methods may not be interchangeable for capturing individual contacts, they can generate highly correlated data on age-specific mixing patterns relevant to the dynamics of respiratory virus transmission. © 2021, The Author(s).

Published
2021

49. T cell polarisation in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Author

Argus B., Theda C., Kamlin O.F., Yeomans E., Elsayed K., Noble E., Walsh G., Twitchell E., Nold M.F., Nold-Petry C.A., Veldman A., Berger P.J., Lao J.C., Pang M.A., Malhotra A., Tan K., Beker F., Konig K., Collins C., Argus B., Theda C., Kamlin O.F., Yeomans E., Elsayed K., Noble E., Walsh G., Twitchell E., Nold M.F., Nold-Petry C.A., Veldman A., Berger P.J., Lao J.C., Pang M.A., Malhotra A., Tan K., Beker F., Konig K., and Collins C.

Abstract

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common neonatal lung disease that is underpinned by pulmonary inflammation. We recently discovered the dominance of type 2-polarised immunity in BPD. Method(s): Cord and peripheral blood were collected from: i) infants born at 24 to 29 gestational weeks at birth, day 1, weeks 1 and 2, and 36 weeks gestational age; ii) healthy term infants at birth and 4-16 weeks of age; iii) healthy adults. Following overnight stimulation with PMA + ionomycin or vehicle, polarisation of CD8+ and CD4-CD8-double-negative (DN)-T cells (including type 1/2/17) was enumerated by flow cytometry. Results were analysed against BPD status. Result(s): 51 preterm infants, 20 term infants and five adults were enrolled, and 254 unique samples collected. Type 2 polarisation predominated in preterm and term infants up to 16 weeks of age. The 41 preterm infants with BPD had significantly more type 2-polarised cells than infants without BPD on day 1 and week 1 for both CD8+ and DN T cells (4-6% vs 0.5-1.5% for different time points of CD8+ cells; 14% vs 1-3% for DN-T cells). There was no difference in type 1-and type 17-polarised cells based on BPD status, except in week 2 when BPD infants also had more type 1-polarised CD8+ cells than No-BPD infants. Conclusion(s): BPD is strongly associated with type 2 polarisation not only in CD4+ T cells as presented previously, but also in CD8+ and DN-T cells. These findings strengthen the concept that therapies targeting the type 2 pathway may offer benefit to BPD patients.

Published
2020

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