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Family ASPICULIDAE Won, Iams & Reed, 2005 Aspiculidae Won, Iams & Reed, 2005: 440, 441. Aspiculumidae – Won, Iams & Reed, 2005: 438 (nom. correct. Maletz [2011a: 130]). Neoaspiculumidae Won & Iams, 2011: 164., Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 485, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["WON M. Z., IAMS W. J & REED K. 2005. - Earliest Ordovician (Early to MiddleTremadocian) radiolarian faunas of the Cow Head Group, Western Newfoundland. Journal of Paleontology 79 (3): 433 - 459. https: // doi. org / 10.1666 / 0022 - 3360 (2005) 079 2.0. CO; 2","MALETZ J. 2011 a. - Radiolarian skeletal structures and biostratigraphy in the early Palaeozoic (Cambrian-Ordovician). Palaeoworld 20: 116 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palwor. 2010.12.007","WON M. Z. & IAMS W. J. 2011. - Earliest Arenig Radiolarians from the Cow Head Group, Western Newfoundland. Journal of Paleontology 85 (1): 156 - 177. https: // doi. org / 10.1666 / 10 - 102.1"]}

Cyrtentactinia Foreman, 1963 Cyrtentactinia Foreman, 1963: 284. TYPE SPECIES. — Cyrtentactinia primotica Foreman, 1963 (Foreman 1963: 285, pl. 8, fig. 2a-c, pl. 9, fig. 3a-b). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Upper Devonian, Huron member, Ohio Shale, USA. TAXON CODE. — 229. STATUS. — Valid. DIAGNOSIS. — “Relatively large spherical or subspherical cephalis, enclosing a spicule with six to perhaps eight (commonly seven) rays arising from the ends of an oblique median bar. Thorax, perforate or imperforate, with or without marginal teeth, not separated from the cephalis by regular collar pores. The rays of the internal spicule continue beyond the wall of the cephalis, and in and beyond the wall of the cephalis, and in and beyond the thoracic wall, as external spines” (Foreman 1963: 284). REVISED DIAGNOSIS. — “A single, perforate, pylomate lattice shell with internal spicular system incorporating six or seven rays. Externally, more than four main spines, usually seven and only rarely five, two to four of which are incorporated in the pylome margin. A pylome net is sometimes present and in some species, and in some individuals of other species, it is considered that spicules are secondary lost.” (Holdsworth 1973: 122)., Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 474, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["FOREMAN H. P. 1963. - Upper Devonian Radiolaria from the Huron member of the Ohio shale. Micropaleontology 9 (3): 267 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1484751","HOLDSWORTH B. K. 1973. - The Radiolaria of the Baltalimani Formation, lower Carboniferous, Istanbul, Paleozoic of Istanbul. Ege Universitesi Fen Fakultesi Kitaplar Serisi (Jeoloji) 40: 117 - 134."]}

Nazarovella De Wever & Caridroit, 1984 Nazarovella De Wever & Caridroit, 1984: 101. TYPE SPECIES. — Nazarovella gracilis De Wever & Caridroit, 1984 (De Wever & Caridroit 1984: 101, pl. 1, fig. 14-15, 17). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Upper Permian, Kamigori Belt, SW Japan. TAXON CODE. — 192. STATUS. — Homonym of the Triassic radiolarian Nazarovella Kozur & Mostler, 1979 (replacement name Raciditor by Sugiyama [2000]); and Junior synonym of Quadricaulis Caridroit & De Wever, 1986 (herein). DIAGNOSIS. — “Formes à 4 appendices inégaux disposés selon un modèle tétraédrique; 3 sont bien développés, le quatrième est petit. La partie centrale a une forme de tétraèdre globuleux.” (De Wever & Caridroit 1984: 101). DIAGNOSIS (ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY J. P. Caulet – RadWorld database). — “Shells with 4 unequal appendices distributed following a tetrahedral pattern; 3 of them are well-developed, the fourth being small. Central part displays a globular tetrahedral shape”. REMARKS We treat this genus as a junior synonym of Quadricaulus because the holotype appears to be a broken specimen of Quadricaulus, and the unequal size of the 4 th arm a result of that breakage., Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 465, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["CARIDROIT M. & DE WEVER P. 1984. - Description de quelques nouvelles especes de Follicucullidae et d'Entactinidae (Radiolaires polycystines) du Permien du Japon. Geobios 17 (5): 639 - 644. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0016 - 6995 (84) 80035 - 2","KOZUR H. W. & MOSTLER H. 1979. - Beitrage zur Erforschung der mesozoischen Radiolarien. Teil III: Die Oberfamilien Actinommacea HAECKEL 1862 emend., Artiscacea HAECKEL 1882, Multiarcusellacea nov. der Spumellaria und triassische Nassellaria. Geologisch Palaontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 9 (1 / 2): 1 - 132.","SUGIYAMA K. 2000. - Replacement names for Permian stauraxon radiolarians. Paleontological Research 4 (3): 227, 228. https: // doi. org / 10.2517 / prpsj. 4.227","CARIDROIT M. & DE WEVER P. 1986. - Some late Permian radiolarians from pelitic rocks of the Tatsuno formation (Hyogo Prefecture), southwest Japan. Marine Micropaleontology 11: 55 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0377 - 8398 (86) 90005 - 8"]}

Glanta Wakamatsu, Sugiyama & Furutani, 1990 sensu Umeda (1998) Glanta Wakamatsu, Sugiyama & Furutani, 1990: 180. — Umeda 1998: 98. TYPE SPECIES. — Glanta fragilis Wakamatsu, Sugiyama & Furutani, 1990 (Wakamatsu et al. 1990: 181, pl. 12, figs 1-7). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Tlecerina - Glanta assemblage, Middle Devonian, Kurosegawa tectonic zone, southwest Japan. TAXON CODE. — 016. STATUS. — Valid. ORIGINAL DIAGNOSIS. — “ Ceratoikiscidae with bilaterally symmetric shell. Central skeletal frame triangular with five to six extratriangular rods. Shell perforate or imperforate, covering a.t. and the dorsal portion of i.t., supported by many trabeculae arising from a.t. and the dorsal portion of i.t. Aperture of the shell facing to the ventral portion of b.t. Single pair of free-developed caveal ribs originating from a-/b- junction, projecting almost perpendicularly to the central skeletal plane.”(Wakamatsu et al. 1990: 180). REMARKS Umeda (1998) emends the diagnosis to indicate that the lamellar shell is always perforate., Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 424, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["WAKAMATSU H., SUGIYAMA K. & FURUTANI H. 1990. - Silurian and Devonian radiolarians from the Kurosegawa Tectonic Zone, southwest Japan. Journal of Earth Sciences, Nagoya University 37: 157 - 192.","UMEDA M. 1998. - Early to Middle Devonian Ceratoikiscidae (Radiolaria) from the Yokokurayama Group in the Kurosegawa Terrane, Southwest Japan. Paleontological Research 2 (2): 96 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.2517 / prpsj. 2.96"]}

Apophysiactinia Won, 1997 Apophysiactinia Won, 1997a: 362. TYPE SPECIES. — Apophysiactinia trispinula Won, 1997 (Won 1997a: 364, pl. 6, fig. 13, 14, 17). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Frasnian (Upper Devonian), Gogo Formation, Canning Basin, Western Australia. TAXON CODE. — 077. STATUS. — Valid. DIAGNOSIS. — “With or without (?) a spherical shell, six rays arising from a median microbar, each ray having three apophyses at one or two levels. The apophyses can be elements of mesh forming a very loosely constructed shell or lie free on spines. Microthorns present along the rays and apophyses.” (Won 1997a: 362). REMARKS This genus is assigned to the Family Archaeosemantidae Kozur & Mostler 1981 the definition of which was emended by De Wever et al. (2001).

Deflandrellium Cheng, 1986 Deflandrellium Cheng, 1986: 134. TYPE SPECIES. — Deflandrellium georgesi Cheng, 1986 (Cheng 1986: 134, pl. 7, fig. 7, 13). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Upper Famennian (Upper Devonian), Woodford Formation, Ouachita Mountains, Oklahoma, USA. TAXON CODE. — 224. STATUS. — Valid. DIAGNOSIS. — “Test as with family but possessing five asymmetrically arranged spines on shell surface, and one subapical horn and four feet. Cephalis spherical, perforate having sparsely to densely distributed pores with pore cones. Pylome large, circular with four feet surrounding of which one foot is always slightly higher in position. The narrow pylome is skirt-like, imperforate lacking a marginal fringe.” (Cheng 1986: 134)., Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 473, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["CHENG Y. - N. 1986. - Taxonomic Studies on Upper Paleozoic Radiolaria. National Museum of Natural Science, Taiwan, Special Publication, vol. 1, 310 p."]}

Labyrinthia Maletz & Bruton, 2007 Labyrinthia Maletz & Bruton, 2007: 281. TYPE SPECIES. — Labyrinthia inexpectata Maletz & Bruton, 2007 (Maletz & Bruton 2007: 281, fig. 27A-O). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Isograptus lunatus graptolite zone, Chewtonian-Castlemainian (Lower Ordovician), Valhallfonna Formation, Spitsbergen. TAXON CODE. — 236. STATUS. — Junior synonym of Beothuka Won & Iams, 2011. Won & Iams (2011). DIAGNOSIS. — “Labyrinthine spherical radiolarian with an indistinct microsphere and a variable number of external spines; labyrinthine mesh made of thin, anastomosing bandages.”(Maletz & Bruton 2007: 281)., Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 476, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["MALETZ J. & BRUTON D. L. 2007. - Lower Ordovician (Chewtonian to Castlemainian) radiolarians of Spitsbergen. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 5: 245 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1477201907002039","WON M. Z. & IAMS W. J. 2011. - Earliest Arenig Radiolarians from the Cow Head Group, Western Newfoundland. Journal of Paleontology 85 (1): 156 - 177. https: // doi. org / 10.1666 / 10 - 102.1"]}

Ehrenbergia Li, 1995 Ehrenbergia Li, 1995: 335. TYPE SPECIES. — Ehrenbergia baijingensis Li, 1995 (Li 1995: 335, pl. 1, fig. 10). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Middle Ordovician: Darriwilian, the Baijingsi area in Qinghai Province. TAXON CODE. — 314. STATUS. — Nomen dubium. DIAGNOSIS. — “Test as with Family (campanulate, without apical horn and aperture). Shell is small, campanulate, single. Whole shell covered by linearly arranged continuous costae. Pores distributed in single row between costae, pores is small. Bottom of shell with a hollow cave.” (Li 1995: 335). REMARK It is not possible to determine the nature of this radiolarian from the figured specimen., Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 491, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585, {"references":["LI H. S. 1995. - New genera and species of middle Ordovician Nassellaria and Albaillellaria from Baijingsi, Quilian Mountains, China. Scientia Geologica Sinica 4 (3): 331 - 346."]}

Bisphaera Won, 1997 Bisphaera Won, 1997a: 344. TYPE SPECIES. — Bisphaera solidispinosa Won, 1997 (Won 1997a: 346, pl. 3, fig. 9-11). AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Upper Devonian, Gogo Formation, Canning Basin. Western Australia. TAXON CODE. — 082. STATUS. — Homonym and Junior synonym of Trilonche Hinde, 1899 (by Maldonado & Noble 2010). DIAGNOSIS. — “Two spherical latticed shells with six to eight inner spines as well as a six- to eight-rays of an internal spicule with a median bar. No radial beam between the shells.” (Won 1997a: 344). REMARKS Won (1997a) emended the diagnosis of Entactinosphaera to exclude two-shelled species, and erected this genus to accommodate the two-shelled forms. The name is a homonym of a fusulinid foraminifer (Bisphaera Birina, 1948), and so the replacement name Duosphaera was proposed (Won 1998). However, the diagnosis is essentially that of Trilonche Hinde, 1899, which has priority (see De Wever et al. 2001: 180).