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A Schiff base bearing two methyl substituents, namely, 6,6'-((1

Purpose This study aims to review the current rules and regulations on micro-takaful in Malaysia to determine whether it addresses the basic principles of micro-takaful. Although the features of the first micro-takaful are slightly different from the customary long-established takaful settings, the rules and regulations remain unchanged following the original guidelines of operating insurance and takaful. Until Perlindungan Tenang makes its first premiere, the rules and regulations on micro-takaful are gaining ground. The dissimilarity of micro-takaful from the original takaful calls for updated guidelines, so that any micro-takaful scheme launched in the market meets the demand and needs of the targeted population. Design/methodology/approach This study uses content analysis as the best method to review each guideline in the related rules and regulations across several documents such as microinsurance and micro-takaful discussion paper and guidelines on family takaful products. Findings Overall, the findings reveal that guidelines on micro-takaful operating in Malaysia support the micro-takaful requirement to be affordable, valuable, accessible, understandable and simplified. Matching the rules and regulations with this population feedback, the extended distribution channel may need further scrutiny due to deficit trust among public members toward insurance and takaful. Originality/value The insights presented are of important illumination to achieve long-term sustainability financial protection while preserving human well-being among those underserved.

Two tetradentate phenolic Schiff base ligands namely 2,2'-((1 E ,1' E )-(1,2-phenylenebis(azanyl-ylidene))bis(methanylylidene))diphenol, L1H , 2,2'-((1 E ,1' E )-(1,2-phenylenebis(azanylylidene))bis-(methanylylidene))bis(4-fluorophenol), L1F and their new nickel(II) complexes were successfully synthesized, characterized and evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activities against human colon cancer cell lines, HCT116. The compounds were characterized using FT-IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR, UV-Visible, elemental analysis and melting point. The anticancer results revealed that the parent ligands were more active than their corresponding complexes with L1F being the most potent anticancer compound with IC 50 of 2.8 mg/ml.

Low Earth-orbiting satellites will always interact with the ionospheric plasma, leading to disruption of satellite operations, depending on the impact of the interaction. Under normal circumstances (without interference), the magnitude of the fluctuation in satellite charging is less than 5V (negative). Any disturbance from charged particles will cause the satellite to experience a more drastic voltage drop of the order of a few hundred volts (negative). The identification of fluctuations in satellite charging is carried out by reviewing the space conditions around the satellite, characterized by several parameters such as density, energy, and plasma temperature, as well as the saturation density of the satellite. To strengthen the analysis, this study deepens the flux changes with an energy of the order of MeV along the satellite orbit. The results of the study show that several low-earth orbit satellites experience a fairly high saturation density, which is correlated with fluctuations in electron flux in some regions traversed by the satellite, such as the polar and the SAA regions. The results confirm that the two regions could be a danger zone for both polar and equatorial satellites.

This paper reports the synthesis, characterization, anticancer screening and quantum chemical calculation of a tetradentate Schiff base 2,2'-((1E,1'E)-((2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diyl)bis- (azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(4-fluorophenol) (L2F) and its Pd (II) complex (PdL2F). The compounds were characterized via UV-Visible, NMR, IR spectroscopy and single crystal x-ray diffraction. Density Functional Theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations in gas and solvent phases were carried out using B3LYP, B3P86, CAM-B3LYP and PBE0 hybrid functionals combined with LanL2DZ basis set. Complexation of L2F to form PdL2F was observed to cause a bathochromic shift of the maximum absorption bands of n-π* from 327 to 410 nm; an upfield shift for δ (HC = N) from 8.30 to 7.96 ppm and a decreased wavenumber for ν(C = N) from 1637 to 1616 cm-1. Overall, the UV-Vis, NMR and IR spectral data are relatively well reproduced through DFT and TD-DFT methods. L2F and PdL2F showed IC50 of 90.00 and 4.10 μg/mL, respectively, against human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) cell lines, signifying increased anticancer activity upon complexation with Pd (II).

During orthodontic treatment, the force released by the bent of a NiTi archwire is influenced by the friction developed in the bracket system. This in vitro study investigated the amount of friction encountered by the NiTi archwire in a 3-brackets configuration. Five different sizes within two shapes of NiTi archwire were considered for the bending test at different deflection magnitudes of 2, 3 and 4 mm. The binding friction was measured by comparing the force-deflection curve of the NiTi archwire with the use of polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) bracket and stainless steel brackets. The force result from the Teflon bracket was considered as a control test, utilizing its frictionless character. This investigation revealed that the binding friction is affected by the archwire size and shape. The NiTi archwire experienced higher binding friction during activation and slightly lower during the wire recovery at deactivation. The magnitude of the binding friction gradually increased with the increase of the archwire size and shape, with the largest binding friction of 7.6 N recorded from the 0.457 mm × 0.635 mm rectangular archwire and the smallest binding friction was recorded from the 0.356 mm round archwire.

A tetradentate ONNO Schiff base bearing two chloro substituents, namely 6,6′-((1E,1′E)-(cyclohexane-1,2-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(2-chlorophenol) (AD2C), was obtained through condensation of 3-chlorosalicyladehyde with 1,2-cyclohexanediamine. Structure elucidation was performed through physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses viz. melting point, elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR, UV-Visible and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The ν(C=N) was observed at 1626 cm−1 while the azomethine proton and carbon chemical shifts appeared at 8.27 ppm and 157.56 ppm, respectively. The n‒π*(C=N) absorption band was observed at 324 nm. The crystal structure was stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bond O˗H···N and intermolecular hydrogen bonds C˗H···O, C˗H···Cl, C˗H···π as well as π···π interactions. The existence of intermolecular interactions was confirmed through Hirshfeld analysis, showing high contribution of H⋯H contact. The B3LYP method was used to calculate the optimized structure of the molecule through density functional theory (DFT) using the 6–311++G(d, p) basis set and was found to be consistent with the X-ray diffraction value. The frontier molecular orbitals and molecular electrostatic potential of the compound investigated through DFT calculations revealed a significantly large energy gap of 4.615 eV and nucleophilic regions located at the hydroxyl groups. The compound showed no antibacterial activity against five bacterial strains namely Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Proteus vulgaris (ATCC 6380), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Rosenbach (ATCC 6538) and Streptococcus mutans Clarke (ATCC 700,610).

A new Schiff base derived from cyclohexanediamine and 3-methylsalicylaldehyde was obtained. The Schiff base, 6,6′-((1E,1′E)-(cyclohexane-1,2-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(2-methylphenol), (AD2Me) was characterized through elemental analysis, infrared, UV-Vis, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The structure of the grown crystal was elucidated by using single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The compound crystallized in the triclinic system, P-1 space group. The cell length and volume for AD2Me are a = 10.4582(11) A, b =10.8141(9) A, c =18.7472(14) A, α = 90.629(7)°, β = 92.444(7)°, γ = 109.561(9)° and V =1995.3(3) A3, respectively. The crystal structure is stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bond O˗H•••N and intermolecular hydrogen bonds C˗H•••O, C˗H•••π and π•••π. The B3LYP method was used to calculate the optimized structure of the molecule through density functional theory (DFT) using the 6-311G++(d, p) basis set and the results of the conformation analysis was in good agreement with the crystal structure determined by x-ray single crystal diffraction. Additionally, the molecular electrostatic potential, frontier molecular orbitals and chemical reactivity descriptors of AD2Me were further investigated using DFT, revealing the electronic properties of the compound. A Hirshfeld surface analysis was performed to analyze intermolecular interactions in the crystal structure. The compound showed no significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Rosenbach (ATCC 6538) and Streptococcus mutans Clarke (ATCC 700610).

The northeast monsoon which occurs from November to March carries heavy rainfall which always result in flood especially to the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Pahang was one of the state that severely affected by this flood. Although the heavy rain is the main driver of the flood but human being cannot ignore the other flood drivers especially the river and its nearby environment circumstance which regard the flood event. The objective of this study was to determine the other flood drivers especially the river and its nearby environment circumstance which regard the flood event. The methodologies used in this study involved data collection through literature reviews and flood reports from Drainage and Irrigation Department (DID) and districts and interview to gather more information and verify the issues and other related drivers. The possible drivers of flooding in Pahang that occurred are as follows : 1) High rain intensity (>60 mm/hour, 200 – 450 mm/day) at the upstream that increases the quantity of water in the river and causes it to overflow 2) Water from area that has no drainage connection with the river (lowland, recessed and swamp area) was also flowing out and contributed to the flood 3) The size of the irrigation system is insufficient to bear the water flow rate and the tributary network is unable to withstand the large runoff 4) Increased reclaim of wetland area for development that causes irrigation system to be narrowed and obstructed for the water to flowing in to the tributaries 5) Prevalent forest clearing and logging activity increased the water non-absorbent area 6) Ground cutting for development purpose decreased the rain water absorption into the ground and increased surface water runoff, thus causes the watershed area decrease in its ability to hold water 7) Shallow estuary caused by high sedimentation from various activities leads to slow water conduction flowing from flood area to the sea 8) Most residential area are located at lowland and flood plain region coupled with bad irrigation system especially in big residential area, thus increased the flood risk. Each possible driver of flooding in Pahang that occurred in 2014 has to be discussed further in term of the responsible stakeholders who should involve in the management and maintenance. The heavy rainfall from northeast monsoon which was the main flood driver cannot be avoided but some flood drivers especially the river and its nearby environment that may contribute to higher magnitude of flood can be fixed and controlled by human

Robot marin merupakan perlaksaan terhadap kajian, replika dan simulasi terhadap pembinaan sebuah kapal selam yang berupaya melakukan fungsi-fungsi utama bagi kapal selam. Antara fungsi-fungsi bagi satu kapal selam adalah seperti kemampuan untuk menyelam dan menimbul di dalam air, dapat mengawal segala pergerakan bagi kapal tersebut serta memastikan keseimbangan bagi kapal tersebut kekal. Setiap aspek dari fungsi-fungsi robot ini terdiri daripda komponen-komponen yang mampu untuk berkomunikasi antara satu sama lain dengan penggunaan mikroprosessor. Baagi menjayakan kajian ini, sensor digunakan bagi menilai terhadap keupayaan yang dapat dihadapi dari robot tersebut. Robot tersebut akan dinilai melalui tahap penyelaman yang dapat dicapai dari dasar air serta kelajuan yang diperolehi ketika berada di dalam air. Seterusnya, jarak isyarat yang dihantar dari pengawal ke robot akan ditentukan untuk menilai terhadap had pencapaian bagi robot.

Numerous spacecraft have been reported to experience failures or anomalies due to various sources such as solar and geomagnetic storms. One of the important keys to investigate anomalies on spacecraft is satellite local time (SLT) utilized to track satellite position in space. Since not every local time of anomaly was registered and recorded well especially for low Earth orbit (LEO) spacecraft, it is necessary to find a method to determine SLT. A Simplified General Perturbations-4 (SGP4) method has been applied to overcome the absence of SLT information in the satellite anomaly database. A series of DMSP satellites are employed for the case study. In addition, the AACGM model is also taken into account for mean local times (MLTs) calculation. The discrepancy of MLTs is found between the observation, calculation and AACGM model and supposedly comes from the TLE data, which seemingly gives rise to incorrect orbital parameters. The deviation of MLTs leads to different morphology of MLT distribution in which the observed MLTs scatter from dusk to midnight sector, whereas the others spread within the dusk and noon sectors of MLT.

Coupling reaction between aryl halide and terminal alkyne in Sonogashira coupling reaction is important due to its extensive application in the resynthesis of natural products, production of drugs, dyes, and polymers. Efforts to increase rate of reaction has involved exploration of new catalysts. The current catalysts such as phosphine-based complexes are costly, air-sensitive and environmentally harmful. Nickel(II) Schiff base complexes were synthesized by reacting aromatic Schiff base ligands 2,2'-((1 E ,1' E )-(1,2-phenylenebis(azanylylidene))bis(metha-nylylidene))diphenol (L1H), 2,2'-((1 E ,1' E )-(1,2-phenylenebis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(4-fluorophenol) (L1F), and 2,2'-((1 E ,1' E )-(1,2-phenylenebis(azanylylidene))bis-(methanylylidene))bis(4-methylphenol) (L1M) with nickel(II) acetate tetrahydrate to form NiL1H, NiL1F and NiL1M. The chemical structures were elucidated through physicochemical and spectral techniques namely elemental analysis, melting point, FTIR, 1 H and 13 C NMR, magnetic susceptibility and molar conductivity. All nickel(II) complexes were tested as catalysts in homogenous Sonogashira reaction between iodobenzene and phenylacetylene in DMSO for 12 hours at 140 o C. NiLF, a new nickel(II) complex, converted the highest percentage of iodobenzene (91%) while NiLH and NiLC converted 78% and 83% of iodobenzene, respectively.

In this study, we performed the simulation to study the charging and the wake structure in the downstream region of the Low Earth Orbit satellite, ERS-1, in the presence of auroral electrons. We applied a tool called EMSES (Electro Magnetic Spacecraft Environment Simulator) developed based on Particle-in-cell (PIC) code. We classified the simulation into two cases, i.e., in the absence of auroral electrons (case #1) and in the presence of auroral electrons (case #2). The results show that the satellite potential dropped to −2 V for case #1, whereas in case #2 the potential decreased down to −2.4 V. In addition, we found the different features of the wake structure in which the wake structure distorted inward as the object more negatively charged due to the presence of auroral electrons. In order to get higher charging on the spacecraft, case #3, the density of auroral electron is increased 100 times, thus the flux ratio of auroral electron to ambient plasma becomes unity. The magnitude of negative potential increases 5 times compared to case #2. Furthermore, the distorted wake structure in case #2 in the ion profile disappeared and turned out to be ion focusing around the wake centerline shown in case #3.

Subject area Human resource management; Employee benefits management. Study level/applicability It can be used at undergraduate or postgraduate level for students at institutions of higher learning taking courses related to employee benefits management or human resource management. Case overview The case is about the intention of Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) in purchasing health insurance for its employees in early 2011. For this purpose, a tender for group medical Takaful for UUM staff was placed in two major Malaysian newspapers on 20 February 2011. Then, after the tender closing date, a report was prepared and sent to the bursar of UUM, En Amron, on 28 April 2011. Ten companies had submitted their tenders; thus, En Amron had to identify the optimal group medical Takaful offered by the tenderers, so that he could put forward his recommendation to UUM tender committee board for its consideration and approval before the matter was brought to higher authorities for endorsement and implementation. Expected learning outcomes This teaching case will enable students to explain the reasons why an employer provides health insurance, to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of providing health insurance programme as non-contributory and contributory plans, to conduct company and plan assessment in making decision to purchase group medical Takaful and to evaluate either to purchase group health insurance directly from life insurer or to engage insurance broker. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Enterprise risk management (ERM) has been the centre of focus for many private organizations especially financial institutions. Like their counterparts, non-profit organizations are not safe from risk exposures and it is more crucial when their funding originated from the public. There is little work done on the risk management implementation in the public organizations and research is needed to find out whether these organizations are serious in managing their risk and do they have a formal structure and framework to handle that.This study examines the existence of a formal risk management structure or framework in the Malaysian public universities. This is a preliminary investigation using websites as indicators, on the state of enterprise risk management implementation in Malaysian public universities.Based on the data gathered from a total of 20 public universities, this study found that most of them do have a formal risk management structure in place and some of them have even appointed a specific person (risk officer) specializing in handling the ERM activities of the universities.This paper would provide the foundation for more advanced research in the ERM implementation in non-profit organizations.

Compliant mechanism is a new design approach on industry, particularly on product development, which reducing cost, development time and introduction of new quality components. This paper is focusing on the application of compliant mechanism concept on car wiper by using shape optimization method to get optimum compliant design of wiper. Reverse engineering has been used to gather dimensional data in order to model the actual wiper as datum. Compliant wiper designs are developed by replacing the joints at datum wiper; hence the components of wiper were reduced to become single part only. The shape of compliant wiper then was optimized by using ASNYS to get the optimal compliant design. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was done on both datum and compliant wipers to examine the results. Simple physical and functional testing has been conducted to validate the functionality of compliant wiper. Based on the FEA results and simple testing, the compliant mechanism is able to be implemented at car wiper.