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Health is multi-dimensional, determined by physical, mental, environmental, social, political, cultural factors, etc., inuenced by various emerging and ongoing viral infections and diseases. COVID-19 is the name of existing novel viral pneumonia which is coined by WHO in 2020 whereas the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses suggested this as “Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus-2” based on phylogenetic and taxonomic analysis of pandemic novel coronavirus. Due to its fatal clinical symptoms, WHO has declared it a pandemic outbreak. To combat this, “AAROGYA SETU”, a contact tracing app, developed and approved by the Indian government and National Informatics Centre, warns the users if they have crossed paths with any infected person recently. The critical review of this application helps to evaluate its potency in terms of its usability, learnability, and acceptability amongst the users using a system usability scoring system (SUS). This paper shows how such applications can be tested using SUS based out of technical glitches, client's understanding and acceptability to their social expectations, in proactively reaching out to and informing the users of the app regarding risks, best practices, and relevant advisories pertaining to the containment of COVID-19.

The development perspective is associated with women's security, their participation in programme implementation, and clear roles and responsibilities. Studies have revealed that programmes that build women's skills are immediate development factors. Development is also about upliftment, which offers justice and equality in society. It means improving all forms, including health, education, gainful employment, and infrastructure. The study describes the views of some grassroots women leaders that they put forward, including adequate communication, women's literacy, women's empowerment on social platforms, elimination of gender gaps, and the recognition of women as active social workers and volunteers. Development is the improvement of physical structures and facilities that involves improving knowledge and motivating people to contribute to the cause of the improvement of society. There are women in positions of authority, but few are involved in implementing programmes. Participation at all the stages of the programme for women leaders is vital to understand and deal with the developmental issues within the stipulated time frame and for the effective functioning and implementation of schemes at the village levels. Hence, the inclusion of women in programme delivery is one of the critical perspectives of development. Thus, the explorative study outlines the viewpoints of grassroots women leaders regarding how women perceive development, their awareness of different schemes and programs, their participation, and the factors contributing to their involvement. Finally, the finding proposes some glimmers for strengthening women's leadership and development from the standpoint of female leaders. For this study, the authors relied on fieldwork and applied In-depth Interactions (IDIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) to gather primary data. Simultaneously, secondary information has been collected from various sources and pieces of literature.

Organic and inorganic pollutants have deleterious effect in the environment, crops productivity, microbiomeand soil fertility. The persistence uses of toxic compound like pesticides not only affect soil health but alsoagitated ecosystem. Use of Plant Growth Promoting rhizobacteria can play an important role towardsachieving the objectives of sustainable ecosystem. Pseudomonas group of bacteria are known for theirremediation properties but are lesser explored for their growth promotion attributes and to alleviate otherabiotic and biotic stress in the agriculture system. The paper presents multifarious potential of Pseudomonasisolates obtained from agriculture fields in the vicinity of Ghaziabad, U.P (PGPM2, 3, 4, 5). Biochemicaltests for identification suggested that these isolates belong to Pseudomonads group of organisms. Further,molecular characterization through 16S RNA gene sequence analysis confirmed their identity as PGPM2-Pseudomonas species, PGPM3- Pseudomonas plecoglosida, PGPM4- Pseudomonas and PGPM5- Pseudomonasrespectively. Production of essential hormones such as indole acetic acid, gibberellic acid and phosphatesolubilisation activity have endorsed the plant growth promotion attribute by these isolates. Production ofammonia and secretion of lytic enzymes like lipase by PGPM2 and PGPM3 indicate stronger bio-controlabilities in these isolates as compared to other isolates, all isolates showed positive for the bio-film formation,a positive attribute that helps in colonising and surviving harsh environments. Bangle method establishedthe strong antagonistic activity that these isolates possess against 3 important plant root pathogens namelyMacrophominaphaseolina (41%) followed by Sclerotium rolfsii (36-15%) and Fusarium oxysporum (21%)respectively. Isolates PGPM2 & PGPM3 showed maximum tolerance against salt (500MM) while isolatesPGPM2 and PGPM4 showed better tolerance to Pesticides monocrotophos and dimethoate (PGPM2- MICand LD50 and PGPM3 –MIC AND LD50). Host plant bioassay with pearl millets (bajra) revealed maximumgrowth promoting efficiency (root length and shoot length) by PGPM2. The manuscript provides abiochemical and physiological evidence that native Pseudomonas isolates not only promote plant growthbut also possess unique ability to tolerate adverse abiotic stress conditions such as tolerance to salt, organic(pesticides) and inorganic pollutants thus offering multiple growth supporting advantages to the planthost.

In today’s world, the requirement for lower-weight, low-cost, low-profile, and effective-use transmitters is growing by the day. For addressing these parameters in a variety of applications, microstrip patch antennas are more popular than other antennas. The main issue with these types of microstrip patch antennas is that they have a high return loss, VSWR, and bandwidth, but these issues can be rectified utilizing a design technique. The method of design was to use mirror image layouts, which was a simple and easy way to improve performance. The efficiency of a simple patch cannot be influenced by any single structure that lacks a mirror reflection. In this study, the two +-shaped constructions are used, and the results are in good agreement. In today’s world, these antennas have a variety of uses, including WLAN and s band applications. In the future, various frameworks will be used to improve the results that have been produced thus far.

COVID-19 is a virus belonging to the family of coronaviridae comprising large, single, plus-stranded RNA as their genome. Two out of four genera of coronavirus, a-CoV and s-CoV cause infection and directly affects respiratory tract in humans. During the global pandemic situation, dental care consultation and management of oral diseases is the biggest challenge for the dentist to treat their patient because of the high chances of transmission of this disease. This article aims to provide basic guidelines for practising during COVID-19 in the dental care settings with preventive and control measures approved by the health department. Furthermore, this also encourages new researchers to explore more relation between COVID- 19 and oral health by incorporating technologies practising teledentistry. Keywords: COVID-19, Oral health, Pandemic, Dental emergencies, SARS-CoV.

Chronic consumption of tobacco in all forms, either smoked/smokeless forms, causes major health hazards to humans that include cancer, cardiovascular, lung diseases, diabetes, fertility issues, etc. Among tobacco-mediated cancers, the prominent one being the oral cancers are caused due to chronic tobacco chewing. The biochemicals present in tobacco are involved in carcinogenesis, and their presence is partly mediated by the existence of microbes in tobacco products. The microbial characterization has been evolved from classical microscopical observation to the recent development of 16S rRNA sequencing by next-generation sequencing methods. The metagenomics approach using 16S rRNA-based next-generation sequencing methods enables the detection and characterization of the complete microbial community of tobacco, including both cultivable and non-cultivable microorganisms. Identification of microbes will help in devising strategies to limit the carcinogenic compounds present in tobacco.

Background The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has severely challenged healthcare delivery systems worldwide. Healthcare Workers were unable to assess and manage the cases due to limited knowledge of treating the virus and inadequate infrastructure. Digital interventions played a crucial role in the training of healthcare workers to get through the pandemic. Project Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) initiated the COVID-ECHO telementoring program for strengthening the knowledge and skills of healthcare workers. The study aimed at assessing the effects of the ECHO telementoring model in the capacity building of healthcare workers in the context of COVID-19 in India. Method We adopted a mixed-method approach with a parallel combination design. A quantitative survey was used to measure changes in the knowledge and self-efficacy among doctors and nurses. In-depth Interviews were used for qualitative exploration of perceptions and experiences of all the study participants. Student t-test and ANOVA were used to assess significant differences between mean scores across participant characteristics for different themes. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. In-depth Interviews were analyzed using Framework Analysis. The evaluation followed the first five levels of Moore’s model. Results The results highlighted the strengthening of knowledge and skills of healthcare workers in the assessment and management of COVID-19 after the ECHO training. Learning and performance ratings were high as 96% reported an increase in knowledge and 98% were able to apply it in their clinical practices. The key challenges identified were technical issues like internet connectivity and lack of interaction due to limited visual connection. The hybrid sessions, use of video camera, feedback mechanism, and inclusion of Continuing Medical Education were recommended by participants to improve the model. Conclusions The findings of this study are an important addition to the pre-existing literature supporting the replicability of the ECHO model in the upskilling of healthcare professionals working in underserved and remote areas, not only in the context of COVID-19 but also in other public health domains. To enhance the effectiveness of this ECHO model, the study findings may be used to refine the model and improve the areas of concern.

Family planning method first started in India. There are different schemes and programme implemented in rural and urban areas of India on Family planning and target populationshowed good response and awareness on its uses. The study with this approach on its beneficial uses and sociological pattern of matrilineal society in Meghalaya was conducted in Meghalaya. The study uses the probability proportional to size method and sample size was 540. In each cluster of 30 was chosen in random pattern. From the result it was reflected that women participation is more in its uses and follow the common method of uses like pills but not going for modern method due to unmet of contraceptives.

We investigated pre, post-compensation and symmetrical or hybrid-compensation in the presence of fiber nonlinearities with NRZ, RZ, Raised Cosine and Gaussian modulation formats for 32x10 Gbps system in this work. Analysis is done taking Quality factor and eye diagram at receiver. The simulation results showed that for all the modulation formats as the signal input power increases up to certain limit Q value first increases and then starts decreasing. The symmetric compensation scheme performs better than pre and post compensation techniques for all type of modulation formats except in case of Gaussian format at input signal power 0 dBm. It is also found out that NRZ performs better for lower input signal power and RZ performs better at high input signal powers for symmetric compensation.

Modern sustainable agricultural practices prefer to use biological agents for plant growth promotion, biocontrol and bioremediation as these are cost effective and eco-friendly. Our present study aims to investigate the effects of direct inoculation of selected consortia on plants to study its effects on supporting plant growth in the presence of root pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii and organophosphate pesticides Malathion (ML) and Methyl Parathion (MP). Candidate Plant Growth Promoting Microbial (PGPM) isolates chosen for the study are two bacterial isolates (PGPM2 a diazotrophic bacterium, PGPM9 a fluorescent Pseudomonad) and one fungal species (T103 a biocontrol fungus), originating from native agricultural fields of western U.P., India. Host plants inoculated with individual species showed a distributed growth enhancement pattern i.e., while isolate T103 improved root biomass, isolate PGPM9 enriched photosynthetic pigment content and isolate PGPM2 expanded root and shoot lengths. It appeared as though individual isolates showed a preference to enhance certain parameters over the other rather than exhibiting a uniform increment in all growth parameters. This preference to specific growth parameter over the other waned off in consortium studies where Sorghum bicolor inoculated with the consortium registered almost 2-fold increase in all parameters viz., root length, shoot length and overall biomass (root, shoot and total biomass) along with 23% rise in total chlorophyll content as compared to un-inoculated control. Selected consortia combination was able to provide better growth promotion in presence of pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii registering 58% increase in total biomass content while individual inoculation of biocontrol fungus T103 showed only 36% improvement. Selected consortia were also effective in plant growth promotion in presence of organophosphate pesticides ML and MP. More than two fold amplification was registered in all roots and shoot growth parameters studied when consortia was provided with ML and 28% increase was recorded when MP treatment was countered with consortia inoculation. All these results affirms our hypothesis that synergistic action of carefully selected PGPMs can escalate the benefits of plant growth promotion even in presence of pathogen and pesticide, hence this consortia may be a valuable option for sustained plant growth in modern agriculture systems.

A novel glycoprotein (Gp45) has been isolated and purified from Escherichia coli. To our knowledge, Gp45 is the third glycoprotein isolated from E. coli membrane and it is the second in the non-pathogenic strain of the organism. For the isolation of Gp45, cell extract or membrane fraction was treated with sodium deoxycholate for 4 h and precipitated with trichloroacetic acid (TCA). The supernatant fraction of TCA containing the Gp45 was further purified on DEAE-Sephadex A-25. SDS-PAGE showed a single band at 45 kDa position that stained with periodic-Schiff reagent. It contained 60% carbohydrate and 40% protein content. The monosaccharide composition also substantiated the characteristics of the glycoprotein. The E. coli grown in presence of (14)C-glucosamine further confirmed the localization and biosynthesis of this glycoprotein on the membrane during the growth phase. Bacitracin, a general inhibitor of the glycosylation, inhibited its biosynthesis.

Transmembrane proteins play crucial roles in a wide variety of biochemical pathways which comprise around 20–30 % of a typical proteome and target for more than half of all available drugs. Knowledge of kinks or bends in helices plays an important role in its functions. Kink prediction from amino acid sequences is of great help in understanding the function of proteins and it is a computationally intensive task. In this paper we have developed Neural Network method based on radial basis function for prediction of kink in the helices with a prediction efficiency of 85 %. A feature vector generated using three physico-chemical properties such as alpha propensity, coil propensity, and EIIP constituted in kinked helices contains most of the necessary information in determining the kink location. The proposed method captures this information more effectively than existing methods.

Department of Chemistry, Ravenshaw College, Cuttack-3 Manuscript received 6 October 1977, revised 1 February 1978, accepted 23 February 1978 The absorption spectra of some dyes containing nitrogen and other substituents in the chromophoric chain have been calculated by using the free electron wave functions and a simple perturbation technique. Correspondence with experiment is satisfactory and was found to be better than that obtained by employing Kuhn's procedure.