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With the rapid development of modern industry and science and technology, in recent years the fault diagnosis method based on image processing has become a research hotspot in the field of mechanical fault diagnosis. In this paper, image characteristics are extracted from multiple aspects such as image texture, color, shape, etc. A grayscale symbiotic matrix image feature extraction method is proposed. On this basis, the algorithm for extracting gray symbiotic matrix time-frequency image features is designed. At the same time, the algorithm and parameters of mechanical structure identification are optimized to identify and diagnose mechanical faults. The results show that the grayscale symbiotic matrix time-frequency image feature extraction algorithm is able to accurately diagnose the wear-type faults, overwork-type faults, and short-circuit-type fault behavior of the mechanical equipment. All of them are able to obtain more than 80% accuracy, and all of them are able to reach 99.99% accurate detection of mechanical faults, which proves the effectiveness of the method of this research.

The efficient separation of emulsified oily wastewater is urgently needed and remains a worldwide challenge. However, the preparation of underwater superoleophobic materials still suffer from complicated process control, special equipment and expensive reagents, which further restricts the large-scale application of such materials. Herein, one-step constructing of underwater superoleophobic beds is introduced for highly efficient gravity-directed separation of various oil-in-water emulsions. Importantly, this study simplifies the fabrication process of underwater superoleophobic materials. It's worth noting that the strategy can achieve the effective separation of a range of oil-in-water emulsions by only requires simple accumulation of hydrophilic materials. More importantly, the underwater superoleophobic sandwich-structured beds still maintain the separation efficiency more than 99.2% after 10 cycles. In addition, this strategy is suitable for a variety of hydrophilic materials, which provides new perspectives for fabrication of novel oil-water emulsion-separating materials. One-step constructing of underwater superoleophobic bed was used for high efficiency separation of oil-in-water emulsions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the development of industrial technology and the increase of people's environmental awareness, the research on sustainable materials and their applications has become a hot topic. Among two-dimensional (2D) materials that have been selected for sustainable research, graphitic phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has become a hot research topic because of its many outstanding advantages such as simple preparation, good electrochemical properties, excellent photochemical properties, and better thermal stability. Nevertheless, the inherent limitations of g-C3N4 due to its relatively poor specific surface area, rapid charge recombination, limited light absorption range, and inferior dispersion in aqueous and organic media have limited its practical application. In the review, we summarize and analyze the unique structure of the 2D microporous nanomaterial g-C3N4, its synthesis method, chemical modification method, and the latest application examples in various fields in recent years, highlighting its advantages and shortcomings, with a view to providing ideas for overcoming the difficulties in its application. Furthermore, the pressing challenges faced by g-C3N4 are briefly discussed, as well as an outlook on the application prospects of g-C3N4 materials. It is expected that the review in this paper will provide more theoretical strategies for the future practical application of g-C3N4-based materials, as well as contributing to nanomaterials in sustainable applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat bran is the by-product of flour processing. Despite being nutritious, it is unsuitable for direct use in human consumption because of its palatability. It used to serve as animal feed. The study is aimed to use two wheat bran processing methods for producing the fine powder production which could be more conveniently used as the nutritious food with good palatability or as commercial fiber supplement product. The method I organically combined the sequential steps of crushing, puffing and milling of the wheat bran to produce the dietary fiber powder. Method II and method I are the same in the processing steps, but distinct in maintained humidity of the bran, processing speeds and temperature of both extruder screw and grinder. The chemical analyses indicated that the ratio of soluble dietary fiber of the dietary fiber powder made via method I increased significantly compared to the raw wheat bran and the dietary fiber powder made via method II. The results also showed that method I was superior to method II in facilitating the increment of the nutrition content, especially in the content of protein, trace elements and minerals. The processed 120–130 mesh purple wheat bran powder is more delicate and tasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Few trials studied the links of food components in different diets with their induced lipidomic changes and related metabolic outcomes. Thus, we investigated specific lipidomic signatures with habitual diets and modified diabetes risk by using a trial and a cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We included 231 Chinese with overweight and prediabetes in a randomized feeding trial with Mediterranean, traditional, or transitional diets (control diet) from February to September 2019. Plasma lipidomic profiles were measured at baseline, third month, and sixth month by high-throughput targeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Associations of the identified lipids with habitual dietary intakes were examined in another lipidomic database of a Chinese cohort (n = 1,117). The relationships between diet-induced changes of lipidomic species and diabetes risk factors were further investigated through both individual lipids and relevant modules in the trial. RESULTS: Out of 364 lipidomic species, 26 altered across groups, including 12 triglyceride (TAG) fractions, nine plasmalogens, four phosphatidylcholines (PCs), and one phosphatidylethanolamine. TAG fractions and PCs were associated with habitual fish intake while plasmalogens were associated with red meat intake in the cohort. Of the diet-related lipidomic metabolites, 10 TAG fractions and PC(16:0/22:6) were associated with improved Matsuda index (β = 0.12 to 0.42; PFDR < 0.030). Two plasmalogens were associated with deteriorated fasting glucose (β = 0.29 to 0.31; PFDR < 0.014). Similar results were observed for TAG and plasmalogen related modules. CONCLUSIONS: These fish- and red meat–related lipidomic signatures sensitively reflected different diets and modified type 2 diabetes risk factors, critical for optimizing dietary patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As crops have different agricultural requirements in pot seedling and the parameters of the planting mechanism need to be repeatedly designed, this paper proposed a reverse design method for the classic gear five-bar planting mechanism based on the agronomic requirements for pot seedling planting. The mathematical model of the planting trajectory of the geared fivebar planting mechanism was constructed through homogeneous coordinate transformation method,; the conditions for the geared five-bar planting mechanism to achieve zero-speed planting were: the gear ratio of the gear pair is -2, and the difference in length between the planetary gear rod and the sun gear rod is equal to the ratio of the planting distance to 2p. Based on the agronomic parameters of pot seedlings (planting depth, planting distance), the parameters of the geared five-bar mechanism were reversed to realize the reverse design of the geared five-bar planting mechanism. Field test results: the average planting depth of tomato pot seedlings is 47mm, the planting distance is 203mm, and the uprightness of pot seedlings is 97.5%, which meets the agronomic requirements of planting tomato pot seedlings. Therefore, the proposed reverse design method of geared five-bar planting mechanism based on agronomic requirements can solve the problem of repeated design of planting mechanism due to different agricultural parameters of most crops, which can greatly reduce the workload of designing various crop planting mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As crops have different agricultural requirements in pot seedling and the parameters of the planting mechanism need to be repeatedly designed, this paper proposed a reverse design method for the classic gear five-bar planting mechanism based on the agronomic requirements for pot seedling planting. The mathematical model of the planting trajectory of the geared five-bar planting mechanism was constructed through homogeneous coordinate transformation method,; the conditions for the geared five-bar planting mechanism to achieve zero-speed planting were: the gear ratio of the gear pair is -2, and the difference in length between the planetary gear rod and the sun gear rod is equal to the ratio of the planting distance to 2π. Based on the agronomic parameters of pot seedlings (planting depth, planting distance), the parameters of the geared five-bar mechanism were reversed to realize the reverse design of the geared five-bar planting mechanism. Field test results: the average planting depth of tomato pot seedlings is 47mm, the planting distance is 203mm, and the uprightness of pot seedlings is 97.5%, which meets the agronomic requirements of planting tomato pot seedlings. Therefore, the proposed reverse design method of geared five-bar planting mechanism based on agronomic requirements can solve the problem of repeated design of planting mechanism due to different agricultural parameters of most crops, which can greatly reduce the workload of designing various crop planting mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Few lipidomic studies have specifically investigated the association of circulating glycerolipids and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, especially among Asian populations. It remains unknown whether or to what degree fatty liver could explain the associations between glycerolipids and T2D.Objective: We aimed to assess associations between plasma glycerolipids and incident T2D and to explore a potential role of liver fat accumulation in the associations.Methods: This was a prospective cohort study with 6 years of follow-up. The study population included 1781 Chinese participants aged 50 to 70 years. The main outcome measure was incident T2D.Results: At the 6-year resurvey, 463 participants had developed T2D. At the false discovery rate (FDR) of 5%, 43 of 104 glycerolipids were significantly associated with incident T2D risk after multivariate adjustment for conventional risk factors. After further controlling for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), 9 of the 43 glycerolipids remained significant, including 2 diacylglycerols (DAGs) (16:1/20:4, 18:2/20:5) and 7 triacylglycerols (TAGs) (46:1, 48:0, 48:1, 50:0, 50:1, 50:2, and 52:2), with relative risks (RRs) (95% CIs) ranging from 1.16 (1.05-1.27) to 1.23 (1.11-1.36) per SD increment of glycerolipids. However, additional adjustment for fatty liver index largely attenuated these findings (RR [95% CI] 0.88 [0.81 to 0.95] to 1.10 [1.01 to 1.21]). Mediation analyses suggested that the fatty liver index explained 12% to 28% of the glycerolipids-T2D associations (all P < 0.01).Conclusion: Higher plasma levels of DAGs and TAGs were associated with increased incident T2D risk in this Chinese population, which might be partially explained by liver fat accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]