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Through books, museums, auctions and other channels collected statistics of 52 cases of furniture with one leg and three teeth structural components, according to the shape, one leg and three teeth structural components were divided into A type, B type and C type. The purpose of classification was to better explore the relationship among different components, the different types of construction rules, construction principles and the meaning of the craftsman were analyzed. After investigation, it was concluded that the construction principle of one leg and three teeth parts in furniture was to stress, strengthen and stabilize, and followed the physical and mechanical properties of wood. In addition, the aesthetic connotation, the stitching art and the mortise and tenon structure of one leg and three teeth structural components were summarized. The research results were helpful to deepen the understanding of the one leg and three teeth structural components, and provided new ideas for the study of the structural parts of furniture in Ming and Qing dynasties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]