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Objective To explore the medication law and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine compounds in the treatment of periodontal disease through data mining, network pharmacology, and molecular docking. Methods First, data mining was used to search single medicinal materials for the treatment of periodontal disease, and the active components and their action targets were screened. Second, the disease target database was employed to download the targets related to the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, map them with the action targets of traditional Chinese medicine, and obtain the targets that are considered potential targets of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of periodontal disease. Potential targets were analyzed for gene ontology function and signaling pathway. They were then screened to obtain the key targets for the treatment of periodontal disease. Finally, the active components were docked with key targets. Results Among the traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for the treatment of periodontal disease, Shudihuang, Mudanpi, Danggui, Fuling, Jinyinhua, Shanyao and Zhimu had the highest frequencies. Forty-three active components and 118 action targets were screened, and 52 potential targets were obtained by intersection with 856 disease targets. The molecular functions and biological processes in which potential targets may participate mainly focus on vitamin D biosynthesis and RNA polymerase Ⅱ regulation and involve 96 signaling pathways. Through the analysis of network topology parameters, 11 key targets were obtained. The results of molecular docking showed that the active components and RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1), cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53), and mitogen-activated protein kinase-1 (MAPK-1) have good binding activity. Conclusion Traditional Chinese medicine compounds may play a role in the treatment of periodontal disease by inhibiting alveolar bone absorption, have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, and promote tissue repair. The effective treatment of periodontal disease by traditional Chinese medicine compounds provides a more scientific reference to the sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To investigate the effect of different concentrations of MTA on the proliferation and differen⁃ tiation of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) and the potential of the SCAP to differentiate into odontoblasts. Methods SCAP were cultured in different concentrations of mineral trioxide aggregate（MTA） . MTA experimental group with concentration of 0.01 mg/mL, 0.02 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL, 2 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL were prepared. The number of cells at 1 day, 3 days, 5 days and 7 days were measured via a CCK⁃8 assay to ob⁃ serve the effect of MTA on SCAP proliferation. Real⁃time PCR was used to detect the gene expression changes. Cells cultured in alpha MEM culture containing 15% FBS without MTA were set as the control group. Results When cul⁃ tured for 1 d, statistically significant differences in the promotion of in vitro proliferation of SCAP were not observed be⁃ tween each MTA experimental group and the control group (P＞0.05). When cultured for 3 d, 5 d and 7 d, the 0.01 mg/ mL MTA group presented obvious promotion of SCAP proliferation compared with the control group (P＜0.05), whereas the 0.02 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL groups did not presented differences with the control group (P＞ 0.05). The in vitro proliferation of the 2 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL groups was lower than that of the control group (P＜0.05). Real⁃time PCR detection showed that the expression levels of DSPP (t＝⁃11.12, P < 0.05) and Runx2 (t＝⁃10.62, P < 0.05) in the experimental group treated with 0.01 mg/mL MTA for 7 days were higher than those in the control group. Conclusion The 0.01 mg/mL concentration of MTA significantly promotes the proliferation of SCAP and shows the best ability to induce osteogenic and odontoblast differentiation in the SCAP, whereas high concentrations of MTA inhibited the proliferation of SCAP.

Defects in perovskite films are one of the main factors that affect the efficiency and stability of halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Uncoordinated ions (such as Pb2+, I−) act as trap states, causing the undesirable non-radiative recombination of photogenerated carriers. The formation of Lewis acid–base adducts in perovskite directly involves the crystallization process, which can effectively passivate defects. In this work, 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazole (THI) was introduced into the perovskite precursor solution as a passivation agent. THI is a typical amphoteric compound that exhibits a strong Lewis base property due to its lone pair electrons. It coordinates with Lewis acid Pb2+, leading to the reduction in defect density and increase in crystallinity of perovskite films. Finally, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSC increased from 16.49% to 18.97% due to the simultaneous enhancement of open-circuit voltage (VOC), short circuit current density (JSC) and fill factor (FF). After 30 days of storage, the PCE of the 0.16 THI PSC was maintained at 61.9% of its initial value, which was 44.3% for the control device. The working mechanism of THI was investigated. This work provides an attractive alternative method to passivate the defects in perovskite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly (9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) is an attractive hole transport material for organometallic-halide perovskite solar cell (PSC) because of its excellent hole transport ability and great film-forming property. Nowadays, the PVK hole-transport-layer (HTL) based PSC suffered from low power conversion efficiency (PCE), which mainly caused by bad interface contact between PVK and perovskite film, including the energy level mismatch. Doing PVK is an effective and facial method to modify the buried interface of perovskite film. In this work, 1,1-bis [(di-4-tolylamino)phenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC) was added into PVK HTL. Experimental results show that a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level elevation was achieved after doping TAPC. Meanwhile perovskite films with increased crystallinity, reduced defect density and enhanced light absorbance were obtained. Finally, the PCE of PSCs were enhanced from 10.81% of the control device to 15.65% of PVK + 40% TAPC device. The reason that responsible for the energy level lifting, morphology improvement and performance enhancement were thoroughly investigated and analyzed. This work provides an alternative option for the dopant in PVK to improve the buried interface of perovskite film, and therefore, the performance of PSCs. • TAPC was doped in PVK to modify the buried interface of perovskite film. • The HOMO level of HTL was lifted after doping TAPC in PVK. • A reduction in defect density and an enhancement in crystallinity of perovskite film were achieved. • The PCE of PSC was enhanced from 10.98% to 15.35%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]