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Siobla sturmii (Klug, 1817) (Figs 4–6) Tenthredo (Allantus) sturmii Klug, 1817: 116. Macrophya pacifica F. Smith, 1874: 378. Macrophya castanea Jakowlew, 1888: 373. Encarsioneura frigida Mocsáry, 1909: 15–16. Diagnosis. This species is similar to S. jucunda Mocsáry, but differs from the latter by the following: the microsculptures on the 2nd and 3rd abdominal tergites fine, matt; hairs on dorsum of head and of thorax black; malar space of male as long as the radius of a lateral ocellus, the 4th and 5th abdominal tergites blackish brown, the lobe of pennis narrow; malar space of female as long as the diameter of the middle ocellus, the 9th abdominal tergite yellowish brown, vein C almost entirely blackish brown. Distribution. China (Heilongjiang (Wuying), Jilin (Mt. Changbai), Liaoning (Xinbin), Shanxi (Mt. Wutai), Hebei (Mt. Xiaowutai)), Japan (Hokkaido, southern Kuriles, Honshu, Kyushu), South Korea, Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray; Sakhalin), Siberia, Europe. Primary type examined. 1♀, lectotype (HNHM, here designated): “Sibirica or., Raddefka”; “ Encarsioneura frigida, det. Mocsáry” [red label]; “ Lectotype, Encarsioneura frigida Mocsáry, 1909, Des. Niu G, 2010”; “DEI-GISHym 1005”; “ Siobla sturmii (Klug, 1817), Det. Niu G, 2010”. 1♀, paralectotype (HNHM, here designated): “Sibirica or., Raddefka”; “ Encarsioneura frigida, det. Mocsáry” [red label]; “ Paralectotype, Encarsioneura frigida Mocsáry, 1909, Des. Niu G, 2010”; “DEI-GISHym 1000”; “ Siobla sturmii (Klug, 1817), Det. Niu G, 2010”. 1♂, paralectotype (HNHM, here designated): “Sibirica or., Raddefka”; “ Encarsioneura frigida, det. Mocsáry” [red label]; “ Paralectotype, Encarsioneura frigida Mocsáry, 1909, Des. Niu G, 2010”; “DEI-GISHym 1004”; “ Siobla sturmii (Klug, 1817), Det. Niu G, 2010”. Remarks. No distinct difference was found between the types of Siobla frigida and S. sturmii. The former is treated as a junior synonym of the latter following Malaise (1931)., Published as part of Niu, Gengyun & Wei, Meicai, 2020, Review of some Siobla (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) species, pp. 208-224 in Zoological Systematics 46 (3) on pages 210-212, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2020303, http://zenodo.org/record/7175799, {"references":["Smith, F. 1874. Descriptions of new species of Tenthredinidae, Ichneumonidae, Chrysididae, Formicidae, etc. of Japan. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1874: 373 - 409.","Jakowlew, A. 1888. Quelques nouvelles especes des mouches a scie de l'Empire Russe. Trudy Russkogo Entomologiceskogo Obscestva v S. Peterburge, 22: 368 - 375.","Mocsary, A. 1909. Chalastogastra nova in collectione Musei nationalis Hungarici. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 7: 1 - 39.","Gimmerthal, B. A. 1834. Einige in Livland aufgefundene und benannte Sagewespen (Tenthredinae). Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 7: 122 - 128.","Malaise, R. 1931. Blattwespen aus Wladiwostock und anderen Teilen Ostasiens. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 52: 97 - 159."]}

Siobla plesia Malaise, 1945 stat. nov. (Figs 11–13) Siobla sturmii plesia Malaise, 1945: 127. Type locality: Sichuan, China. Diagnosis. This species is similar to S. yunanensis, but differs from the latter by the following: mesoscutellum flat. Female: basal three antennomeres with black spots, abdominal sternites yellowish brown; Male: dorsum of flagellum without black stripe, posterior margin of pronotum reddish brown, outer of basal fumer of the hind leg with reddish spot, abdominal sternites reddish brown. Distribution. China (Sichuan (Ganzi)). Primary type examined. 1♀, Lectotype (USNM, here designated): “ 9 mi. SW of Tatsienlu, Jun 25–7.23, 8500–13000ft ”; “Szechuen CHINA DCGraham”; “Type No. 27440, USNM ”; “ S. sturmii (Kl), var. plesia n.var. Malaise det. 1936”; “ Siobla plesia, TYPE. Roh.”. 1♂, paralectotype (USNM, here designated): “ 9 mi. SW of Tatsienlu, Jun 25–7.23, 8500–13000ft ”; “Szechuan CHINA DC Graham”; “Type No. 27440, USNM ”; “ S. sturmii (Kl), var. plesia n. var. Malaise det. 1936”; “ Siobla plesia, allotype. Roh.”. Other material examined. 1♀ 1♂, Maiba, Kangding, Sichuan, E101º34.856′, N30º03.631′, 3525 m, 2009-VII-01, Wei Meicai; 1♀ 1♂, China, Kangding, 2800 m, Sichuan Prov. 18.VI.1990, F. S. Naito leg., F.S.Huang leg.; Exchange KUK; 1♀ 1♂, China, Mt. Zheduoshan 3100 m, Sichuan Prov. 21.VI.1990. M. T. Naito leg. M. Takeda leg.; Exchange KUK. Remarks. Malaise (1945) reported plesia as a subspecies of S. sturmii (Klug, 1817). Here we treat plesia as an independent species as it is distinct from S. sturmii. In S. sturmii, the female has following characters: abdominal tergites 2–4 and tergite 9 yellowish brown; pale margin of pronutum narrow; hairs on head and thorax brown; hind tarsi somewhat dark; the male abdominal tergites 2–3 yellowish brown; sternites 5–7 and basal plate black; the female lancet more slender with sharper serrulae, the area below pore line (aso of Ross, 1945) quite narrow and bent, dorsal margin round (Figs 13f, h); the inner margin of male harpe weakly incised (Fig. 13j); the dorsal margin of the valviceps convex above middle (Fig. 13l). In S. plesia, the female has follwing characters different from S. Sturmii: abdominal tergites 2–5, and tergites 7–9 yellow (Figs 11a–c); pale margin of pronutum broad (Fig. 13c); hairs on head (Figs 12a, c, e) and thorax (Figs 13a, c) yellowish brown; hind tarsi yellow (Figs 11a–c); the male abdominal tergites 2–4 yellowish brown; sternites 5–7 and basal plate yellow with dark macula (Figs 11e–g); the female lancet less slender with obtuse serrulae, the area below pore line broad and not bent, dorsal margin almost truncate (Figs 13e, g); the inner margin of male harpe weakly convex (Fig. 13i); the dorsal margin of the valviceps convex below middle (Fig. 13k)., Published as part of Niu, Gengyun & Wei, Meicai, 2020, Review of some Siobla (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) species, pp. 208-224 in Zoological Systematics 46 (3) on page 218, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2020303, http://zenodo.org/record/7175799, {"references":["Malaise, R. 1945. Tenthredinoidea of South-Eastern Asia with a general zoogeographical review. Opuscula Entomologica, Suppl. 4: 1 - 288.","Ross, H. H. 1945. Sawfly genitalia: terminology and study techniques. Entomological News, 56: 261 - 268."]}

Siobla iridipennis Malaise, 1934 (Fig. 14) Siobla iridipennis Malaise, 1934: 23; Malaise, 1945: 117–118. Description. Holotype ♀. Body length 9.0 mm (Figs 14a–c). Yellow brown, following parts black: head and antenna entirely, narrow lateral margin of pronotum, bottom of parapsis, metapostnotum, propleuron, ventral half of mesepisternum, middle of mesepimeron, metapleuron except for dorsal margin and small posterior corner, narrow anterior margin of tergite 2, narrow base of basal ovipositor sheath and most of apical ovipositor sheath; legs black, apical half of fore femur on anterior side, ventral side of fore tibia and of tarsus, ventral side of middle tarsus pale brown; most of middle femur and hind femur except for extreme apex yellow brown. Wing evenly infuscate, with feeble purple reflection, paler toward apex, pterostigma and veins black brown. Hairs on head black brown, hairs on dorsal of thorax pale brown and on mesopleuron brown, setae on sheath pale brown. Punctures on clypeus large and sparse, interspaces broad and smooth (Fig. 14f); punctures on dorsum and lateral of head denser, with narrow but distinct smooth interspaces (Figs 14e, g); frons, lateral fovea and middle fovea densely punctured, with very narrow interspaces; interspaces between punctures on middle of inner orbit about as broad as diameter of a puncture, smooth and shiny; punctures dense on anterior of mesoscutal middle lobe, large and sparse on middle and posterior area, interspaces smooth and broader than diameter of a puncture; punctures on mesoscutal lateral lobe smaller and denser (Fig. 14h), interspaces smaller than diameter of a puncture, top area with feeble microsculptures; punctures on anterior slope of mesoscutellum shallow and sparse, interspaces smooth and as broad as a puncture, strongly shiny; posterior third of mesoscutellum coarsely punctured, mesoscutellar appendage smooth on middle and microsculptured laterally; punctures on metascutellum large and sparse, shiny; metapostnotum densely microsculptured, feebly shiny; punctures on propleuron minute and sparse (Fig. 14i); upper half of mesepisternum coarsely and densely punctured, anterior margin sparsely punctured, punctures on ventral half of mesepisternum minute and very sparse, interspaces broad and shiny, a large ventral anterior corner of mesepisternum smooth and shiny; middle of mesepimeron with large and dense punctures, bottom of anepimeron and most of katepimeron densely microsculptured, posterior margin of katepimeron smooth; dorsum of metepisternum evenly punctured, without microsculpture, ventral of metepisternum smooth and shiny; depressed part of metepimeron with shallow punctures and fine microsculptures, dorsal margin with dense punctures, posterior corner smooth; abdominal tergites 1 and 2 quite smooth (Fig. 14j), small middle area with several punctures; other tergites with dense and large punctures, interspaces smaller than punctures, surface smooth, strongly shiny. Hairs on dorsum of head 2 times as long as diameter of lateral ocellus, hairs on mesopleuron about 2.2 times diameter of lateral ocellus. Clypeus about 2 times as broad as long, middle length distinctly longer than lateral length, apical margin roundly protruding (Fig. 14f); distance between eyes at level of toruli 1.2 times longest axis of eye; malar space 0.6 times diameter of lateral ocellus; middle fovea broad and deep, lateral fovea small and narrow, much deeper than middle fovea; supraantennal tubercle distinctly elevated, broader than high and about as high as frontal wall; frontal wall low and obtuse; interocellar furrow deep and narrow, postocellar furrow shallow, lateral furrows fine, weakly curved and slightly divergent backwards; postocellar area flat, clearly lower than top of ocelli, without middle ridge, broader than long (1.5: 1); in dorsal view temple almost as long as eye (0.95: 1), lateral sides weakly bent and slightly convergent backwards (Fig. 14e); occipital carina low and weak, complete. Antenna 0.9 times as long as head and thorax together, clearly shorter than abdomen or vein C, pedicellum 1.2 times as long as broad, antennomere 3 about 1.9 times as long as antennomere 4, outer side of antennomeres 5–8 with distinct longitudinal furrow, subapical antennomeres clearly enlarged, antennomere 7 about 1.3 times as long as broad. Middle furrow of mesoscutal middle lobe deep; mesoscutellum weakly elevated, much broader than long (1.8: 1), without peak and carina, posterior slope almost flat; mesoscutellar appendage flat, without middle carina. Metapostnotum with a sharp middle ridge and merged with middle process of first tergite, about as high as metascutellum; middle of mesepisternum distinctly elevated, ventral spur absent. Legs slender, hind tibia 1.2 times longer than tarsus, apex as broad as breadth of apical sheath in lateral view, inner apical spur 0.5 times as long as metabasitarsus; metabasitarsus slender, 5 times as long as broad, as long as following 3 tarsomeres together; tarsal pulvilli developed, about half as long as apical breadth of each tarsomeres, distance between basal 2 pulvilli 1.8 times as long as second pulvillus (Fig. 14l). Forewing with vein R clearly shorter than free part of Sc and about 0.33 times length of vein R+M, vein R+M 2 times as long as first absccisa of vein Rs, vein 2r strongly curved, vein cu-a meeting cell 1M at basal 0.2, pterostigma 1.2 times as long as cell 1Rs; stalk of hind anal cell about 0.33 times length of vein cu-a. Sheath 1.25 times as long as middle tibia, apical sheath 1.5 times as long as basal sheath (Fig. 14k), setae on sheath long and dense, distinctly curved in dorsal view. Lancet (Figs 14m – n) with 14 serrulae, spiculella distinct, middle serrulae distinctly convex and with 18–22 small distal teeth, proximal basal tooth absent, cypsela clearly shorter than serrula. Male. Unknown. Primary type examined. 1♀, holotype (BMNH): “ Tibet, Tropde, 11000ft., 23.VI.1924, Maj. R. W. G. Hingston ”; “Everest Exp. Brit. Mus., 1924. 386”; “ Siobla iridipennis n. sp. (Type), Malaise det., 1933”; “Typus (coll. BMNH)”. Distribution. China (Tibet (Tropde)). Remarks. The species is rare found. Malaise (1934) simply described the species based on a female specimen in a key to Siobla species. After then there is no additional collecting record about the species. Malaise (1945) keyed the species again but the description was still simple and most characters were not mentioned. Siobla iridipennis is undoubtedly a species of Siobla as shown by the metabasitarsus distinctly compressed, the anterior margin of clypeus roundly protruding, anal cross vein of forewing oblique and at middle of the broad anal cell, and female lancet quite long and slender. However, Siobla iridipennis is remote from its congeners by the following characters: head subquadrate, temple distinctly elongated; sheath with dense setae, lancet with distinct spiculella; mesoscutellum quite flat and sparsely punctured; antenna stout and short; body yellow brown including head and antenna entirely, the ventrum of thorax black. Siobla iridipennis was placed in Siobla ferox group in the paper of Niu & Wei (2010a), based on the simple original description of Malaise (1934, 1945). However, it is unique in body color and structure as discussed above. It seems that S. iridipennis is possibly a basal lineage of the genus. So it is necessary to propose a new species group, Siobla iridipennis group, for the species. Funding The research was partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31501885, 31672344, 31970447). Acknowledgements Our cordial thanks are due to Dr. David R. Smith of USNM, Dr. Natalie Dale-Skey of BMNH, Dr. Zombori of HNHM, Dr. Hege Vårdal, the curator of Hymenoptera Collection, Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Sweden in lending us type material of Siobla species and their help when we visited the museums. Our thanks are also due to anonymous reviewers., Published as part of Niu, Gengyun & Wei, Meicai, 2020, Review of some Siobla (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) species, pp. 208-224 in Zoological Systematics 46 (3) on pages 218-223, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2020303, http://zenodo.org/record/7175799, {"references":["Malaise, R. 1934. Schwedisch-chinesische wissenschaftliche Expedition nach den nordwestlichen Provinzen Chinas unter Leitung von Dr. Sven Hedin und Prof. Su Ping-Chang. Insekten gesammelt vom schwedischen Arzt der Expedition Dr. David Hummel 1927 - 1930. 23. Hymenoptera. 1. Arkiv for Zoologi, 27 [1934 - 1935] (2 [nr A 9]): 1 - 40.","Malaise, R. 1945. Tenthredinoidea of South-Eastern Asia with a general zoogeographical review. Opuscula Entomologica, Suppl. 4: 1 - 288."]}

Siobla ruficornis (Gimmerthal, 1834) (Figs1–3) Allantus ruficornis Gimmerthal, 1834: 125. Eriocampa ruficornis Cameron, 1876: 462. Siobla ruficornis var. albicornis Malaise, 1931: 121. Siobla sibirica var. bergmani Malaise, 1931: 122. Encarsioneura similis Mocsáry, 1909: 14–15. Type locality: Sibiria orientalis: Ussuri. syn. nov. Diagnosis. Only two species of Siobla are distributed in Europe, S. ruficornis and S. sturmii. The current species differs from the latter by the following: broad margin of clypeus and of pronotum reddish brown, microsculpures on the 2nd and 3rd abdominal tergites clear, hairs on dorsum of head pale brown, and slightly longer than the diameter of lateral ocellus. Within the genus, this species is similar to S. centralia, but differs from the latter by the following: the 2nd hind trochanter of both sexes black, the 7th to 9th abdominal tergites almost entirely black in female, at least the apical two tergites black in male; microsculptures clear in both sexes; sheath drastically narrow towards the apex. Distribution. China (Heilongjiang (Yichun), Jilin (Mt. Changbai), Qinghai (Huzhu), Hebei), Russia, Finland, Latvia. Primary type examined. 1♀, lectotype (HNHM, here designated): “Ussuri, Kasakewiisch, 1907, Koro”; “ Encarsioneura similis, det. Mocsáry” [red label]; “ Lectotype, Encarsioneura similis Mocsáry, 1909, Des. Niu G, 2010”; “DEI-GISHym 1001”; “ Siobla ruficornis (Gimmerthal, 1834), Det. Niu G, 2010”. 1♀, paralectotype (HNHM, here designated): “Ussuri, Kasakewiisch, 1907, Koro”; “ Encarsioneura similis, det. Mocsáry” [red label]; “ Paralectotype, Encarsioneura similis Mocsáry, 1909, Des. Niu G, 2010”; “DEI-GISHym 1002”; “ Siobla ruficornis (Gimmerthal, 1834), Det. Niu G, 2010”. Remarks. The types of Encarsioneura similis Mocsáry were carefully compared with specimens of Siobla ruficornis Gimmerthal (type missing). No distinct difference was found between Encarsioneura similis and S. ruficornis. The former is treated as a junior synonym of the latter here. The record of S. ruficornis from South Korea (Lee et al., 2000) is a misidentification of S. jucunda (Mocsáry, 1909) and Siobla sturmii (Klug, 1817)., Published as part of Niu, Gengyun & Wei, Meicai, 2020, Review of some Siobla (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) species, pp. 208-224 in Zoological Systematics 46 (3) on pages 209-210, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2020303, http://zenodo.org/record/7175799, {"references":["Gimmerthal, B. A. 1834. Einige in Livland aufgefundene und benannte Sagewespen (Tenthredinae). Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 7: 122 - 128.","Cameron, P. 1876. VIII. Descriptions of new genera and species of Tenthredinidae and Siricidae, chiefly from the East Indies, in the Collection of the British Museum. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 24 (3): 459 - 471.","Malaise, R. 1931. Blattwespen aus Wladiwostock und anderen Teilen Ostasiens. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 52: 97 - 159.","Mocsary, A. 1909. Chalastogastra nova in collectione Musei nationalis Hungarici. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 7: 1 - 39.","Lee, J. W., Ryu, S. M., Quan, Y. T., Jung, J. C. 2000. Economic Insects of Korea 2. Hymenoptera (Symphyta: Tenthredinidae). National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Suwon. pp. 1 - 222."]}

Niu, Gengyun, Wei, Meicai (2020): Review of some Siobla (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) species. Zoological Systematics 46 (3): 208-224, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2020303

Xiao, Wei, Niu, Gengyun, Wei, Meicai (2020): Two new species of the Tenthredo grahami group from China (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), with a revised key to species. Zoological Systematics 45 (2): 118-125, DOI: 10.11865/zs.202016, URL: http://zoobank.org/30ef491f-21f8-4c42-b270-b7b3360c0a35

Tenthredo megamaculata sp. nov. (Figs 1 C–D, 3) Diagnosis. This new species is most similar to T. gulmargi Singh & Saini, 1987 from North India, but differs from the latter by the black spots on the 2nd to 8th abdominal tergites distinctly longer than half length of abdominal tergites, the 5th cypsella of lancet much shorter than 5th serrula, the male penis valve with narrow and long apical process, and the apex of parapenis almost truncate without inner process, while in T. gulmargi, the black spots on abdominal tergites about half length of the abdominal tergite, the 5th cypsella of lancet as long as 5th serrula, the male penis valve simple without apical process, and the apex of parapenis with a distinct inner process). Description. Female. Body length 10.5–11.5mm (Fig. 1C). Body and legs light green in alive by yellow brown in dried; following parts black: median fovea and connected broad lateral stripes of frons and postocellar area, ocellar basin, a small middle spot on postocellar area (Fig. 3B), antenna except apex of first antennomere, a narrow transverse stripe on bottom of pronotum, a wide middle stripe on mesoscutal middle lobe, dorsum of mesoscutal lateral lobe, bottom of parapsides, basal 1/3 of 1st abdominal tergite, middle strongly constricted basal bands on dorsum of 2nd to 8th abdominal tergites (Fig. 1C), slightly curved vertical narrow stripe on mesepisternum (Fig. 3D), a dorsal narrow stripe on all legs from trochanter to tarsi; most hairs on upper 2/5 of hind orbit and dorsum of head, thorax and abdomen black, setae on sheath brown, most hairs on lateral and ventral side of body silver. Wings hyaline, pterostigma and vein C yellow green, other venation brownish. Dorsal side of head (Fig. 3B) with fine but clear microsculpture, weakly shiny, microsculpture within black spots more distinct; mesonotum finely but densely sculptured, lateral lobe with sparse and minute punctures; anterior slope of mesoscutellum faintly microsculptured, posterior slope and lateral of appendage shallowly and sparsely punctured; upper half of mesopleuron finely microsculptured, shiny, ventral half sparsely punctured mixed with microsculpture; abdominal tergites finely sculptured, weakly shiny; sides of apical sheath with fine microsculpture, strongly shiny. Hairs on dorsum of head straight and distinctly inclined forward, 0.8 times as long as diameter of lateral ocellus; length of hairs on mesonotum, mesoscutellum and mesopleuron about 0.5, 0.75 and 1 times diameter of lateral ocellus, respectively. Apex of labrum round; clypeus large and flat, distinctly broader than distance between eyes below, anterior margin narrowly and shallowly incised to a depth about 0.25 times length of clypeus, lateral lobe truncate (Fig. 3A); malar space equal to diameter of lateral ocellus; distance between lower corners of eye 0.9 times longest axis of eye; supraantennal tubercles strongly elevated, free-standing and slightly divergent backwards, height 1.1 times its width, length about 2 times its height and as long as postocellar area, distance between posterior ends of tubercles 1.2 times its breadth, posterior end abruptly cut off from frontal ridges, bottom of median fovea without carina; interocellar furrow deep and straight, postocellar furrow deep; postocellar area hardly elevated, about 1.4 times as broad as long, without middle carina or middle furrow, lateral furrows weakly curved, distinctly divergent backward; in dorsal view length of temple 0.5 times eye length, lateral sides distinctly curved and narrowed backward (Fig. 3B); occipital carina low but complete, lower part without fold. Antenna filiform, not compressed, about as long as head and thorax together, 3rd antennomere 1.5 times as long as 4th antennomere, 8th antennomere 2.5 times as long as broad (Fig. 3I). Mesoscutellum roundly elevated, without longitudinal carina or peak but with faint transversal ridge, mesoscutellar appendage with short longitudinal carina; distance between cenchri 2.2 times longest axis of a cenchrus; mesepisternum weakly elevated at middle, ventral thorn absent (Fig. 3D). Hind tibia 0.8 times as long as tarsus, inner tibial spur 0.55 times as long as basitarsus; basitarsus slender, 0.8 times as long as following 3 tarsomeres together; claw with a short and obtuse basal lobe, inner tooth distinctly shorter than outer tooth. Vein cu-a in forewing joining cell 1M at basal 0.35, cell 2Rs distinctly longer than cell 1Rs; hind anal cell sessile (Fig. 1C). Lancet narrow and long with 17 serrulae (Fig. 3C), serrulae distinctly oblique, middle serrulae each with 1 inner subbasal tooth and 11–13 distal subbasal teeth, annular sutures strongly oblique, annular spines bands very narrow, annular spines very short and sparse; 5 th to 7 th serrulae as in Figure 3H. Male. Body length 8.5–9.5 mm (Fig. 1D). Body color and structure similar to female but hind coxa with narrow black dorsal and ventral stripes, malar space 0.5 times diameter of lateral ocellus, distance between eyes below about 0.7 times longest axis of eye, in dorsal view head shorter and distinctly narrowed, basal lobe of claw distinct; subgenital plate 1.2 times as long as broad, apex roundly and narrowly convex; harpe longer than broad, apex of parapenis almost truncate without inner process (Fig. 3F); penis valve broad with a long and narrow apical process (Fig. 3G). Material examined. Holotype. ♀, China, Sichuan Province, Mt. Emei, Leidongping (29°55′N, 103°33′E; elev. 2350 m), 7 July 2009, Meicai Wei leg. Paratypes. 1♀, Sichuan Province, Mt. Emei, Leidongping (29°55′N, 103°33′E; elev. 2350 m), 7 July 2009, Meicai Wei leg.; 2♀ 2♂, Sichuan Province, Mt. Emei, Leidongping (29°55′N, 103°33′E; elev. 2350 m), 8 July 2009, Meicai Wei leg.; 1♀ 1♂, Sichuan Province, Mt. Emei, Leidongping (29°55′N, 103°33′E; elev. 2350 m), 8 July 2009, Gengyun Niu leg.; 2♀ 3♂, Sichuan Province, Mt. Emei, Leidongping (29°55′N, 103°33′E; elev. 2350 m), 7 July 2009, Zejian Li leg.; 1♀ 2♂, Sichuan Province, Mt. Emei, Jinding (29°31.37′N, 103°21.22′E; elev. 3073 m), 20 July 2011, Junzhe Xue & Hu Ping leg.; 1♀, Tibet, Chaya County, G241 (30°42.59′N, 97°19.56′ E; elev. 3350 m), 24 June 2009, Zejian Li leg. Distribution. China (Sichuan, Tibet). Etymology: The specific epithet is composed of a Latin prefix mega- and maculata, referring to the abdomen with large black maculae.

Tenthredo nigrobullifera sp. nov. (Figs 1 A–B, 2) Diagnosis. This new species is similar to T. bullifera Malaise, 1945, but differs from the latter by the body having much more black maculae, the hairs on dorsum of head much longer and apically curved, the pterostigma black, and the male penis valve with a broad triangular apical process. Description. Female. Body length 12.0–14.0 mm (Fig. 1A). Head and thorax black, following parts yellowish green in alive: palpi, basal 2/5 of mandible, labrum, clypeus except narrow basal margin, triangular supraclypeal area (Fig. 2A), supraantennal tubercles, narrow inner orbit and connected subtriangular macula on temple, lateral stripes of postocellar area (Fig. 2B), lower 3/5 of hind orbit, lower anterior lobe and lateral corner of pronotum, tegula, a V-shaped stripe on posterior of mesoscutal middle lobe, mesoscutellum except narrow hind margin, mesoscutellar appendage, metascutellum (Fig. 1A), narrow base of metapostnotum, two big maculae on mesepisternum and entire metepisternum (Fig. 2D). Abdomen yellowish green, broad basal band of each segment black (Fig. 1A), upper margin of basal plate black, ovipositor apical sheath brown (Fig. 2E). Leg black, outer stripe on each coxa, anterior side of fore femur largely, narrow dorsal stripe on middle femur and apex of hind femur, middle 3/5 of each tibia, 1st to 4th tarsomeres except apex and 5th tarsomere entirely yellow green. Hairs on head and thorax black brown, pubescence on labrum, margin of clypeus and most of tibia and tarsi light brown. Wings hyaline, apex of vein C and pterostigma black, vein C except apex and R1 pale brown. Dorsum of head (Fig. 2B) strongly shiny, black part with fine microsculptures, impunctate; mesonotum with fine and dense microsculpture, weakly shiny, margin of mesonotum with small punctures; mesoscutellum largely shining, posterior margin of mesoscutellum and lateral sides of mesoscutellar appendage with fine microsculpture; upper half of mesopleuron weakly microsculptured, lower half finely and densely microsculptured, punctures indistinct; metapleuron largely polished; all abdominal tergites distinctly microsculptured, weakly shiny; lateral of apical sheath weakly microsculptured, weakly shiny. Length of hairs on dorsum of head, mesonotum, mesoscutellum and mesopleuron about 2, 1, 1.5 and 1.3 times diameter of lateral ocellus, respectively, apex of hairs on dorsum of head distinctly curved. Apex of labrum round; clypeus flat and much broader than distance between eyes below, anterior margin emarginated to a depth of 0.25 times length of clypeus (Fig. 2B); malar space 1.2 times diameter of lateral ocellus; distance between eyes below about 0.8 times longest axis of an eye; supraantennal tubercles strongly elevated, free-standing and parallel to each other, height 0.9 times its width, length about 2 times its height and 1.5 times the length of postocellar area, distance between tubercles 0.9 times its height, posterior end abruptly cut off from frontal ridges, bottom of median fovea with distinct carina; interocellar furrow deep and straight, postocellar furrow shallow; postocellar area flat, without middle carina or middle furrow, width 1.5 times its length; lateral furrows slightly curved, distinctly divergent backwards; temple in dorsal view 0.8 times length of eyes, both sides obtusely convex (Fig. 2B); occipital carina sharp and complete, low part without fold. Antenna as long as head and thorax together, 3rd antennomere 1.65 times length of 4th antennomere, subapical antennomeres not dilated, 8th antennomere twice as long as board (Fig. 2I). Mesoscutellum obtusely elevated, slightly higher than mesonotum, without middle longitudinal and transversal carina; mesoscutellar appendage with low and short middle carina; distance between cenchri 2.7 times longest axis of a cenchrus; middle of mesepisternum weakly and subtriangularly elevated, without sharp peak or carina, ventral thorn absent. Hind tibia 0.85 times as long as tarsus, basitarsus slightly shorter than following three tarsomeres together, inner tibial spur about 0.65 times length of basitarsus, basitarsus slender, tarsal pulvillus developed, distance between basal two pulvilli 2 times length of 1st pulvillus; claw with a small basal lobe, inner tooth shorter than outer tooth. Vein cu-a in fore wing joining cell 1M at basal 0.33, cell 2Rs longer than 1Rs; hind anal cell sessile. Ovipositor sheath slightly bent ventrally, apical sheath narrow, about 2 times length of basal sheath, apical margin round (Fig. 2E). Setae on sheath mostly straight. Lancet very narrow and long with 15 oblique serrulae, annular suture strongly oblique with indistinct annular spine band, ctenidia weakly developed (Fig. 2C); 5th–7th serrulae as Figure 2H, each with about 14 small outer subbasal teeth, spiculella small but distinct. Male. Body length 11.0–12.0 mm (Fig. 1B). Body color and structure similar to female, but sometimes mesosternum with a middle triangular green spot, malar space about 0.5 times diameter of lateral ocellus, in dorsal view temple 0.5 times as long as eyes; subgenital plate slightly longer than broad, apex narrowly truncate; gonoforcep as in Figure 2F, harpe longer than broad, apex round; penis valve as in Figure 2G, valviceps with a short and triangular apical lobe. Material examined. Holotype. ♀, China, Tibet, Motuo County, 24K (29°47′N, 95°42′E; elev. 3663 m), 21 June 2009, Meicai Wei leg. Paratypes. 5♀ 3♂, Tibet, Motuo County, Lage (29°34′N, 94°59′E; elev. 3740 m), 15 June 2009, Zejian Li leg.; 6♀ 1♂, Tibet, Motuo County, Hanmi (29°22′N, 95°7′E; elev. 2180 m), 16 June 2009, Zejian Li leg.; 1♀, Tibet, Motuo County, 2K (29°45′N, 95°43′E; elev. 3272 m), 17 June 2009, Gengyun Niu leg.; 2♂, Tibet, Motuo County, 2K (29°45′N, 95°43′E; elev. 3272 m), 17 June 2009, Meicai Wei leg.; 7♀ 11♂, Tibet, Motuo County, 24K (29°47′N, 95°42′E; elev. 3663 m), 21 June 2009, Meicai Wei leg.; 3♀ 5♂, Tibet, Motuo County, 24K (29°47′N, 95°42′E; elev. 3663 m), 21 June 2009, Gengyun Niu leg.; 1♀, Tibet, Motuo County, 30K (29°45′N, 95°42′E; elev. 3808 m), 20 June 2009, Gengyun Niu leg.; 1♀, Tibet, Motuo County, 30K (29°45′N, 95°42′E; elev. 3808 m), 20 June 2009, Meicai Wei leg. Distribution. China (Tibet). Etymology. This new species is named after its body color as it has the richest black spots in the Tenthredo grahami group.

Key to species of Tenthredo grahami group. 1. Frons including frontal walls entirely black.........................................................................................................................................2 Frontal wall green.............................................................................................................................................................................. 10 2. First antennomere yellow green; penis valve without apical process................................................................................................... 3 First antennomere largely or entirely black; penis valve with or without apical process.....................................................................4 3. Mesepisternum green without black stripe; interspaces between punctures on mesonotum not smooth; microsculptured; mesepisternum flat; black frontal macula not extending backward along lateral of postocellar area (Distribution. China (Jilin), Northeastern Asia)............................................................................................................................... T. pseudolivacea Malaise, 1931 Mesepisternum green with a distinct black stripe; interspaces between punctures on mesonotum smooth, without distinct microsculpture; mesepisternum triangularly elevated at middle; black frontal macula much extending backward along lateral of postocellar area (Distribution. Kashmir, Hymalayas)............................................................................ T. nigromaculata Smith, 1878 4. Thorax mainly black, mesepisternum with 2 large yellow green maculae; middle and hind femora entirely black, each tibia yellow green with black base and apex; pterostigma black; postocellar area with a black middle macula (Distribution. China (Tibet))............................................................................................................................................................................... T. nigrobullifera sp. nov. Thorax green, mesepisternum with a narrow black stripe or entirely green; legs green with longitudinal black stripe; pterostigma green or pale brown.............................................................................................................................................................................. 5 5. Supraantennal tubercles quite low, clearly broader than height; black frontal macula transverse elliptical, not extending backward, bottom of middle fovea entirely green; postocellar area more than 2 times as long as broad; mesepisternum flat and entirely green; penis valve with a narrow but not very long apical process (Distribution. China (Gansu, Shaanxi, Henan)).......................................................................................................................................................................................................... T. flatopectalina Wei, 2002 Supraantennal tubercles high, not broader than height; black frontal macula not transverse elliptical, distinctly extending backward, bottom of middle fovea partly or entirely black; postocellar area less than 2 times as long as broad; mesepisternum elevated at middle or with a distinct black stripe; penis valve with or without apical process...........................................................................................6 6. Dorsum of head with an ��- like black macula ending with a hook near posterior corner of postocellar area; ratio of length and breadth of supraantennal tubercles not less than 3; penis valve without apical process (Distribution. Widespread in North and Central China, Russia Far East and Japan)......................................................................................................................... T. omega (Takeuchi, 1936) Dorsum of head with a subquadrate black macula and without a hook near posterior corner of postocellar area; ratio of length and breadth of supraantennal tubercles less than 3; penis valve usually with a distinct apical process......................................................7 7. Anterior incision of clypeus round, deeper than 0.3 times clypeus length; a transverse black band present between clypeus and supraclypeus; each abdominal tergite with a sickle like black band; mesepisternum flat; body length 10 mm. Liaoning...................................................................................................................................................................................................... T. tombi Mallach, 1936 Anterior incision of clypeus shallow, less than 0.25 times clypeus length; a transverse black band absent between clypeus and supraclypeus; 2nd abdominal tergite with a black band much longer than black bands on other tergites; body length 12.0��� 13.5mm........ 8 8. Bottom of middle fovea black; mesepisternum flat and smooth; basal black band on each of abdominal tergite narrow, black band on 2nd tergite clearly narrower than half length of the tergite; ovipositor sheath very narrow; penis valve with a very long and slender apical process (Distribution. China (Hubei, Sichuan, Tibet))....................................................................... T. bullifera Malaise, 1945 Bottom of middle fovea green; mesepisternum distinctly elevated at middle and with fine microsculptures; basal black band on each of abdominal tergite broad, black band on 2nd tergite longer than half length of the tergite; ovipositor sheath broad; penis valve with a short and stout apical process (Distribution. Widespread in North and Central China)............. T. pseudobullifera Wei & Liu, 2013 9. Supraantennal tubercles clearly higher than broad; black bands on abdominal tergites 2���4 large and clearly separated, clearly larger than black bands on tergites 6���8; apical process of penis valve very long and slender (Distribution. China (Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Sichuan)).......................................................................................................................................... T. pseudograhami Wei, 2002 Supraantennal tubercles as high as broad; black bands on abdominal tergites 2���4 very narrow and indistinct, or quite large and not separated at middle; black bands on tergites 6���7 not smaller than black bands on tergites 3���4, or penis valve without apical process..........................................................................................................................................................................................................10 10. Each black band on abdominal tergites not shorter than half length of each tergite........................................................................... 11 Black bands on tergites 1���4 clearly shorter than half length of tergite...............................................................................................12 11. Black bands on abdominal tergites 2���8 as long as half-length of tergite; penis valve round at apex and without process (Distribution. India)................................................................................................................................................. T. gulmargi Singh & Saini, 1987 Black bands on abdominal tergites 2���8 longer than 0.7 times the length of tergite; penis valve with a long apical process (Distribution. China (Sichuan, Tibet))................................................................................................................................ T. megamaculata sp. nov. 12. Black bands on abdominal tergites 2���8 very narrow and about equal in length; penis valve round at apex, without process (Distribution. China (Shanxi, Henan, Sichuan))................................................................................................................. T. grahami Malaise, 1945 Black bands on abdominal tergites 6���7 broad, tergites 2���5 almost absent; penis valve with a very long and slender apical process (Distribution. China (Tibet))............................................................................................................ T. paragrahami Wei & Liu, 2013, Published as part of Xiao, Wei, Niu, Gengyun & Wei, Meicai, 2020, Two new species of the Tenthredo grahami group from China (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), with a revised key to species, pp. 118-125 in Zoological Systematics 45 (2) on page 124, DOI: 10.11865/zs.202016, http://zenodo.org/record/4617204, {"references":["Malaise, R. 1945. Tenthredinoidea of South-Eastern Asia with a general zoogeographical review. Opuscula Entomologica, Lund Supplementum, 4: 1 - 288.","Liu, M. M., Wei, M. C. 2013. Two new species of grahami group of Tenthredo Linnaeus (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) from China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 38 (4): 841 - 848."]}

Key to the Chinese species of Gilpinia Benson (females; examined species are marked with *) 1. Inner spur of hind tibia scale like......................................................................... 2 - Inner spur of hind tibia simple........................................................................... 4 2. Annuli 2 and 3 divergent downwards (Fig. 2B); pronotum entirely yellow; only posterior margin of mesoscutellum black. China (Heilongjiang), Finland....................................................... * G. fennica (Forsius, 1911) - Annuli 2 and 3 parallel (Figs. 2A, C); pronotum yellow with black marks; both anterior and posterior margins of mesoscutellum black............................................................................................ 3 3. Serrulae 3���5 broader than the ctenidium bear them (Fig. 2A); head with a dark band on ocellar area, not reaching inner margins of eyes; apical margin of clypeus straight; ocellar area with 3 small brownish marks; pronotum pale with anterior margin black. China (Inner Mongolia)............................................... G. baiyinaobaoa G. Xiao & X. Huang, 1985 - Serrulae 3���5 equal to the ctenidium bear them (Fig. 2C); head with a dark band on ocellar area, reaching inner margins of eyes; apical margin of clypeus slightly incised; ocellar area without brownish marks; pronotum black with lateral corners pale. China (Heilongjiang, Jilin), Siberia, Europe.................................................... * G. virens (Klug, 1812) 4. Head black at least between ocellar area and toruli........................................................... 5 - Head pale with black at most on ocellar area above toruli..................................................... 10 5. Head black at least above toruli, but dorsally more or less pale.................................................. 6 - Head black with labrum, clypeus, supraclypeal area and dorsal margin of head more or less pale....................... 8 6. Scape, pedicel and flagellomere 1 black and each basally pale; lateral mesoscutal lobe black with anterior and lateral margins pale; mesoscutellum pale with a central longitudinal black line; legs whitish yellow. Lancet in Fig. 2E. China (Sichuan, Yunnan)................................................................ G. yongrenica G. Xiao & X. Huang, 1984 - Scape and pedicel pale, flagellomere 1 black; lateral mesoscutal lobe black with lateral margins pale; mesoscutellum pale with posterior margin black; legs yellow with black marks or dirty yellow............................................. 7 7. Pectus, lower anterior margin of mesepisternum, lower mesepimeron, and most of metepimeron black; legs yellow with black marks; lancet with basal annuli straight, subparallel (Smith 1974: Fig. 1). China (Fujian), Thailand................................................................................................... * G. marshalli (Forsius, 1931) - Pectus, mesepisternum, mesepimeron, metepimeron pale; legs dirty yellow. Lancet with basal annuli curved, annuli 1 and 2 distinctly divergent (Fig. 2F). China (Heilongjiang)............................. G. pinicola G. Xiao & X. Huang, 1985 8. Body entirely black; wings strongly smoky; lancet with 11 distinct annuli; length of basal ctendium to lancet apex about 2.0�� maximum width of lancet; maximum length of annulus 2 about 2.1�� minimum; annulus 1 narrow and about 0.4�� length of annulus 2 (Fig. 2H). China (Jiangxi).......................................... * G. infuscalae Wang & Wei, sp. nov. - Body black with pale marks; wings transparent; lancet with 9 or 10 distinct annuli; length of basal ctendium to lancet apex at least 2.5�� maximum width of lancet; maximum length of annulus 2 at most 1.6�� minimum; annulus 1 about at least 0.7�� length of annulus 2 (Fig. 2D, G).......................................................................... 9 9. Head black with labrum and ventral margin of clypeus yellow; median mesoscutal lobe and mesoscutellum black; legs yellow, coxae, trochanters and femora basally dark brown, tibiae basally more or less whitish; annuli 2 and 3 divergent downwards, annulus 1 about 0.7�� length of annulus 2 (Fig. 2G). China (Heilongjiang), Japan (Hokkaido)......... G. tohi Takeuchi, 1940 - Head black with labrum, clypeus, supraclypeal area and dorsal margin of head pale; median mesoscutal lobe black with posterior lateral margin pale, mesoscutellum black with a central horizontal pale band; coxae and trochanters black, tarsi, hind femur and apex of tibiae reddish brown, tibiae basally yellow; annulus 2 parallel with 3, annulus 1 about 1.1�� length of annulus 2 (Fig. 2D). China (Anhui)................................................... * G. massoniana G. Xiao, 1992 10. Annulus 1 with a distinct serrula (Fig. 2 I)................................................................. 11 - Annulus 1 without serrula (Figs. 2 J-M)................................................................... 12 11. Body reddish brown; ocellar area with a short dark band; mesoscutellum, central part of pronotum and most of lateral mesoscutal lobes black (median mesoscutal lobes sometimes with black triangular marks); tergum 1 black. Lancet in Fig. 2 I. China (Gansu).................................................................... * G. tabulaeformis G. Xiao, 1992 - Body yellowish brown; ocellar area pale without black marks; pronotum, median mesoscutal lobe, lateral mesoscutal lobe and tergum 1 pale; mesoscutellum black. China (Hebei).............................. G. funingensis Wen, Sun & Li, 1991 12. Ctenidium 1 broken at middle (Fig. 2M); lateral mesoscutal lobe entirely pale. China (Anhui, Guangxi).......................................................................................* G. lipuensis G. Xiao & X. Huang, 1985 - Ctenidium 1 entire; lateral mesoscutal lobe pale with dark marks or entirely black................................. 13 13. Annuli 1 and 2 straight and parallel (Fig. 2J); body yellow; mesoscutellum entirely pale; sheath with lateral margin of scopa slenderly protruding. China (Yunnan).................................................. * G. hebedentata Xu, 1997 - Annuli 1 and 2 curved and divergent downwards (Fig. 2K, L); body reddish brown, mesoscutellum entirely black or pale with posterior margin black; sheath with lateral margin of scopa more or less flat...................................... 14 14. Annuli 1 and 2 distinctly divergent ventrally, basal serrulae acute (Fig. 2K); labrum black; flagellomeres dorsally reddish brown, ventrally black; dorsal mesonotum mostly pale, median mesoscutal lobe pale, both lateral mesoscutal lobes with central longitudinal dark stripes; mesoscutellum with posterior margin black. China (Yunnan).................................................................................................. G. jinghongensis G. Xiao & X. Huang, 1984 - Annuli 1 and 2 weakly divergent ventrally, basal serrulae truncate (Fig. 2L); labrum reddish brown; flagellomeres black; dorsal mesonotum mostly black; both median mesoscutal lobe with posterior dark marks; lateral mesoscutal lobes and mesoscutellum entirely black. China (Yunnan, Guizhou)......................................* G. jingxii G. Xiao & X. Huang, 1984, Published as part of Wang, Hannan, Smith, David R., Xiao, Wei, Niu, Gengyun & Wei, Meicai, 2019, Gilpinia infuscalae Wang & Wei, sp. nov. and a key to the Chinese Gilpinia species (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), pp. 589-596 in Zootaxa 4571 (4) on page 591, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.4.11, {"references":["Xiao, G. R., Huang, X. Y. & Zhou, S. Z. (1985) The Chinese sawflies of the family Diprionidae (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 21 (1), 30 - 43.","Klug, J. C. F. (1812) Die Blattwespen nach ihren Gattungen und Arten zusammengestellt. Der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin Magazin fur die neuesten Entdeckungen in der gesamten Naturkunde, Berlin, 14 pp. [pp. 49 - 62]","Xiao, G. R., Zhou, S. Z. & Huang, X. Y. (1984) Seven new species of conifer sawflies from China (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae). Entomotaxonomia, 6 (2 - 3), 141 - 150.","Smith, D. R. (1974) Diprionidae in Thailand (Hymenoptera: Symphyta). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 76, 212 - 216.","1911), 178 - 183. Forsius, R. (1931) A new Diprion from China. Notulae Entomologicae, 11 (1), 26 - 27. Hara, H. & Shinohara, A. (2015) The Gilpinia abieticola species group (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae). Bulletin of the National","Takeuchi, K. (1940) A systematic study on the suborder Symphyta (Hymenoptera) of the Japanese Empire (III). Tentharedo. Acta Entomologica, 3 (2), 187 - 199.","Wen, X. J., Sun, C. H., Li, W. G., E, X. Q. & Han, Y. S. (1991) Study on Gilpinia funingensis. Forest Pest and Disease, 1991 (1), 14 - 15.","Xu, Z. H. (1997) Two new species and one new combination of the conifer sawfly family Diprionidae (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) from Yunnan, China. Zoological Research, 18 (2), 171 - 176."]}

Wang, Hannan, Smith, David R., Xiao, Wei, Niu, Gengyun, Wei, Meicai (2019): Gilpinia infuscalae Wang & Wei, sp. nov. and a key to the Chinese Gilpinia species (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae). Zootaxa 4571 (4): 589-596, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4571.4.11

Gilpinia infuscalae Wang & Wei, sp. nov. (Figs. 1 A���M, 2H, 3) Female. Body length 8.2 mm (8.0��� 9.6 mm). Wing expanse 16.7 mm (16.2���19.2 mm). Mainly black (Fig. 1A); mandible basally black, apically reddish brown; palpi yellowish brown; antenna black with scape and pedicel dark brown; cenchri brownish; terga 2���6 with faint lateral brownish spots (Fig. 1E). Legs black with followings dark brown: claws, spurs, inner sides of fore and middle tibiae. Wings smoky with dark veins and stigma, center of stigma whitish. Head and dorsal mesonotum densely punctured. Posterior and lateral margins of head and ocellar area with dense punctures about 0.02 mm, interspaces between punctures less than diameter of a puncture; clypeus (apical margin and central part shiny without punctures), malar space and lower paraantennal field with dense punctures about 0.07 mm, interspaces between punctures less than diameter of a puncture; anterior and posterior margins of median mesoscutal lobe, lateral side of lateral mesoscutal lobe with punctures about 0.03 mm (Fig. 1D); mesoscutellum and center of mesepisternum with punctures about 0.1 mm (Fig. 1F); katepimeron and metepisternum feebly shiny and wrinkled; postspiracular sclerite, metascutellum, anepimeron, metepimeron and center of tergum 1 (Fig. 1E) with dense punctures about 0.07 mm; terga wrinkled with few shallow punctures; ventral terga also with punctures, gradually denser toward lateral margin; tergum 10 sparsely punctured, gradually dense and distinct to the posterior end (Fig. 1H); sterna with dense punctures. Head and mesonotum covered with dense whitish hair 0.9�� diameter of front ocellus. Clypeus concave apically; frontal field and frontal pit distinct; postocellar area rounded, frontal postocellar furrow concave, lateral postocellar furrows faint; distances between eye and lateral ocellus, between lateral ocelli, and between lateral ocellus and posterior margin of head about 1.0: 1.0: 1.0 (Fig. 1C), distance between eye and torulus 1.7���1.8�� distance between toruli; malar space 1.4���1.5�� diameter of front ocellus; antenna serrate with 19 distinct antennomeres, apex obtuse, 8���11th rami longer than stem of each flagellomere, length of pedicel equal to diameter of front ocellus, length of ramus 1 equal to length of flagellomere 1. Mesoscutellum obtusely protruding with an anterior angle of 106��, its width 1.2���1.3�� length; distance between cenchri equal to length of a cenchrus. Inner hind tibial spur simple and slightly longer than outer spur, apex obliquely truncate, its length 0.4���0.5�� length of tarsomere 1 (including plantar lobe) and 0.3���0.4�� maximum width of hind tibia, total length of tarsomeres 2���5 about 3.0���3.1�� length of tarsomere 1; claw with an obvious denticle. Dorsal width of scopa 3.7���3.9�� width of a cercus (Fig. 1G), ventral length of a scopa 4.3���4.4�� length of a cercus (Fig. 1H); each scopa apically obtuse, slightly protruding beyond tergum 9 in lateral view; dorsal margin of lance convex at center in lateral view (Fig. 1I), apices of lances asymmetrical; lancet with 11 distinct annuli, gradually narrowing from annulus 2 toward apex, annulus 1 very narrow, about 0.4�� length of annulus 2 (Fig. 1J); annulus 1 without serrula, annulus 2 with longest serrula, close to and parallel with annulus 1, remote and distinctly divergent downwards with annulus 3; width of annulus 2 about 1.9�� width of annulus 3, total length of annuli 1���11 about 2.0�� maximum width of lancet, annuli 3���9 parallel (Fig. 1J); serrulae slightly concave ventrally (Fig. 1K). Male. Body length 6.7 mm (6.5���8.0 mm), wing expanse 14.1 mm (14.0���15.0 mm) (Fig. 1B). Mainly black, labrum and pterostigma brownish, cenchri dark brown, wings hyaline, apical 1/3 of fore femur, apical 1/4 of middle femur, all tarsi and claws orange brown. Punctation as in female, but generally denser and more distinct on head and mesonotum, shallower and sparser on ventral terga. Antenna with 21 distinct antennomeres, scape length 3.0�� length of pedicel, flagellomeres 3���19 pectinate, flagellomere 1 bears a long ramus. Distances between eye and lateral ocellus, between lateral ocelli, between lateral ocellus and posterior margin of head about 1.0:1.0:0.8. distance between eye and torulus 2.0���2.1�� distance between toruli; malar space 1.3���1.4�� diameter of front ocellus. Inner spur of hind tibia simple, 0.4���0.5�� length of tarsomere 1 (including plantar lobe), 0.5���0.6 �� maximum width of hind tibia, total length of tarsomeres 2���5 about 2.5���2.6�� length of tarsomere 1. Gonoforceps as Fig. 1L, parapenis long, gradually narrowing toward apex, inner margins of harpes slightly concave, valviceps simple with blunt apex and a multitoothed ventral margin (Fig. 1M), length of penis valve 4.0���4.1�� maximum width of valviceps. Larva (Fig. 3). Body yellow with head and thoracic legs black. Larvae found at 2012.11.0 6, gathered by collector from Pinus massoniana Lamb. (Pinaceae), reared in room temperature. Pupae to adult from 2013.03 to 2013.04. Host plant. Pinus massoniana Lamb. (Pinaceae). Type material. Holotype ♀, Jiangxi, Huichang, 2013.3.29, Maoling Sheng, pupa reared, Pinus massoniana Lamb. (Pinaceae). Paratypes. 18 ♀, 44 ♂: Jiangxi, Huichang, 2013.3.23���4.16, leg. Maoling Sheng, pupa reared, Pinus massoniana Lamb. (Pinaceae). Distribution. China (Jiangxi Province). Etymology. The specific name " infuscalae " is a noun, derived from Latin, " infusc -" (blacked) and " alae " (wings), referring to its largely smoky wings. Remarks. Gilpinia infuscalae is distinguished from other Gilpinia species by its entirely black color, simple inner hind tibial spur, and lancet which is triangular and with the second and third annuli distinctly divergent (Fig. 1J). It is the only entirely black Gilpinia species in China. Other Chinese species are mostly yellow, brown, or reddish brown and have hyaline wings. In color, G. infuscalae resembles G. nigra (Okutani, 1958) from Japan, also an entirely black species. However, G. nigra has more hyaline wings, the inner hind tibial spur is scale like, the anterior four tibiae and tarsi are brown, the cenchri are black, and the lancet is more slender, resembling the species in Fig. 2 A���E. Structurally, G. infuscalae is similar to those species with more triangular lancets, as in Figs. 2 I���M, but the second and third annuli are distinctly divergent in G. infuscalae. Gilpinia bodyarensis from India has smoky wings as well, but the wings are not as dark as in G. infuscalae. It also differs in having yellow marks on the head and with the first to third annuli almost parallel (Saini & Thind 1993: fig. 15)., Published as part of Wang, Hannan, Smith, David R., Xiao, Wei, Niu, Gengyun & Wei, Meicai, 2019, Gilpinia infuscalae Wang & Wei, sp. nov. and a key to the Chinese Gilpinia species (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), pp. 589-596 in Zootaxa 4571 (4) on pages 592-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.4.11, {"references":["Okutani, T. (1958) Three new species of Japanense Symphyta (Studies on Symphyta XI). Mushi, 32 (16), 143 - 147.","Saini, M. S. & Thind, A. S. (1993) Revision of genus Gilpinia Benson from India (Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Diprionidae). Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, 40 (2), 309 - 318. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 19930400211"]}