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Abstract Glioma is one of the most common primary malignant brain tumors. Despite progress in therapeutic approaches, the median survival of patients with glioma remains less than 2 years, generating the need for new therapeutic approaches. Ultrasound (US) is widely used in medical fields and is used as a therapeutic tool mainly for improving the performance of therapeutic entities. In this study, we examined a novel approach using low frequency US (20 kHz) (LFUS) as an independent treatment tool for malignant glioma, since primary studies showed that cancer cells are more susceptible to LFUS than healthy cells. LFUS safety and efficacy were examined in a 9L gliosarcoma‐bearing female Fischer 344 rats. Two LFUS protocols were examined: a one‐time treatment (US1X), and two treatments 24 h apart (US2X). For safety evaluation, rats were monitored for weight change and pain measurements. For efficacy, tumor volume was measured as a function of time and the tumor structural chances were examined histopathologically. LFUS treatment showed rapid inhibition of tumor growth, seen as soon as 12 h after US application. In addition, LFUS was found to affect the tumor structure, which was more extensive (>60% of tumor area) in smaller tumors. In US2X, the tumor tissue was completely destroyed, and an extensive immune response was observed. Importantly, the treatment was highly selective, keeping the healthy tissue surrounding the tumor unharmed. We developed a highly efficient and selective therapeutic protocol for treating malignant glioma with minimal side effects based solely on LFUS.

A total of 161 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica occurred in the Jerusalem district during 2004–2005; 127 (79%) cases were in a town just outside Jerusalem. Environmental models suggest that in the context of global warming, this outbreak has the potential to extend into Jerusalem.

Efficient triaging and referral assessments are critical in ensuring prompt medical intervention in the community healthcare (CHC) system. However, the existing triaging systems in many community health services are an intensive, time-consuming process and often lack accuracy, particularly for various symptoms which might represent heart failure or other health-threatening conditions. There is a noticeable limit of research papers describing AI technologies for triaging patients. This paper proposes a novel quantitative data-driven approach using machine learning (ML) modelling to improve the community clinical triaging process. Furthermore, this study aims to employ the feature selection process and machine learning power to reduce the triaging process’s waiting time and increase accuracy in clinical decision making. The model was trained on medical records from a dataset of patients with “Heart Failure”, which included demographics, past medical history, vital signs, medications, and clinical symptoms. A comparative study was conducted using a variety of machine learning algorithms, where XGBoost demonstrated the best performance among the other ML models. The triage levels of 2,35,982 patients achieved an accuracy of 99.94%, a precision of 0.9986, a recall of 0.9958, and an F1-score of 0.9972. The proposed diagnostic model can be implemented for the CHC decision system and be developed further for other medical conditions.

A Jewish-Israeli identity incorporates two identities--Jewish and Israeli, and various philosophers suggest different ways to view the combination or separation of these identities. Agasi and Samucha come from different approaches to suggest ways of integrating both identities. They speak about the existing division between the two identities, in light of the unique characteristics of the State of Israel. The ever-increasing essential need for providing a significant and systematic solution to the issue of value-based education and nurturing the Jewish-Israeli identity of the students of the State education system must be seen in light of the collapse of values in many postmodern Western societies. The existing education system perpetuates the division into sectors that divides Israeli society from within. At the same time, the emphasis in State preschools examined in this article, is on culture and nationalism, as connected to values of good behavior towards others. The findings show that Jewish education at an early age is influenced by the personality and inner world of the preschool teacher and her own connection to Jewish content, irrespective of the educational stream to which the preschool belongs.

Translating Cultural-Specific Items (CSIs) could present numerous challenges for translators because each culture communicates differently. Experts have given some approaches to the issue of translating culturally distinctive objects. The researchers used Aixela's (1996) theory for translation technique and Newmark's (1998) theory for analysis and categorization in relation to CSI. The purpose of this qualitative study is to analyze the translation strategies used for cultural-specific items in the translation of the Indonesian documentary "Perempuan Tana Humba" by Lasja F. Susatyo and Mandy Marahimin. The researcher utilized thematic analysis to analyze the CSIs occurring in the documentary. The research concluded that out of five types of CSI proposed by Newmark, only three types of CSIs were found: material culture, social organization, and social culture. In addition, the most frequently used strategy was repetition. This study also showed that the translation strategy for the CSI was determined by the translator's concerns or considerations, such as the occasions in which the translators applied different strategies when the previously mentioned CSIs appeared again in different point of the documentary. It was noticed that various timestamps led to different translation techniques. The study is significant for the practice of translation. The research's findings, which categorize and identify the translation procedures used to translate the CSIs, may be taken into account by translation researchers as well as by present and future translators. Additionally, this study might help to clarify how to use translation procedures and what kinds of CSIs to translate for documentaries.

Coffee (Coffea spp.) is one of the most popular refreshing beverages globally. Coffee lipid diversity has untapped potential for improving coffee marketability because lipids contribute significantly to both the health benefits and cup quality of coffee. However, in spite of its potential importance, there have not been extensive studies of lipids among C. canephora genotypes. In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) profiling of lipid molecules was performed for 30 genotypes consisting of 15 cultivated and 15 conserved genotypes of C. canephora in Southwestern Nigeria. We identified nine classes of lipids in the 30 genotypes which belong to the 'Niaouli', 'Kouillou' and 'Java Robusta' group: among these, the most abundant lipid class was the triacylglycerols, followed by the fatty acyls group. Although 'Niaouli' diverged from the 'Kouillou' and 'Java Robusta' genotypes when their lipid profiles were compared, there was greater similarity in their lipid composition by multivariate analysis, compared to that observed when their primary metabolites and especially their secondary metabolite profiles were examined. However, distinctions could be made among genotypes. Members of the fatty acyls group had the greatest power to discriminate among genotypes, however, lipids that were low in abundance e.g. a cholesterol ester (20:3), and phosphotidylethanolamine (34:0) were also helpful to understand the relationships among C. canephora genotypes. The divergent lipid profiles identified among the C. canephora genotypes, correlated with their Single Nucleotide Polymorphism grouping as assessed by genotype-by-sequencing, and will be exploited to improve coffee cup quality.

This article will discuss women's writing in the Ladino Zionist-literary periodical, El Maccabeo, during early twentieth century Thessaloniki. We will sketch the writers' profiles, and examine their goals and the literary means used to realize them. These indices will help us evaluate women's place in shaping Thessalonikian Jewry in general, the realization of the Zionist idea in particular, and how the articles serve as a literary and historical source for Thessalonikian Jewry during this period. Likewise, we will attempt to organize their articles along a historical-literary continuum and understand how they reflect the move from tradition to innovation.

A "sense of self-efficacy" is defined as the process of linking knowledge to action, as the assessment of the ability to execute a behavior leading to a certain outcome. A person's perception of self-efficacy has behavioral and emotional implications. When people doubt their own abilities, they tend not to persevere, give up rapidly when encountering difficulties, and feel anxiety and negative emotional arousal when they believe they cannot cope. In terms of self-efficacy, the functions of educators, teachers, and pre-school teachers touch on at least three domains: Task, Interpersonal, and Organizational. This article documents supervision of a group of students in the Early Childhood training track including the work of novice pre-school teachers. It demonstrates what the students undergo, from the beginning of their training to employment as pre-school teachers. Based on the findings, the article reaches conclusions regarding the factors associated with student-pre-school teachers' sense of self efficacy, how each group member learns to form her own sense of self-efficacy, group interactions and achievements, whether self-efficacy is a personality trait or a formative belief, and the nature of the profiles of student-pre-school teachers with a high and low sense of self-efficacy. The article concludes that a person has varying levels of self-efficacy regarding different aspects of both his general and professional life. A person learns by dialogue with his environment and those around him, as well as with himself. Dialogue allows every teacher to further expand and improve his knowledge.

On October 7, 2023, a large-scale attack in southern Israel and the subsequent war resulted in extensive loss of life and injuries, with many individuals experiencing traumatic losses, such as family members or close friends being killed or kidnapped. This study aims to longitudinally examine its effects on mental health, specifically, clinical symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We anticipated greater symptom severity among individuals who experienced traumatic loss, were forcibly displaced, or suffered income loss, as well as among women and members of ethnic minorities. This three-wave online survey study assessed mental health symptoms in a sample of 1052 individuals, aged 18–40, residing in conflict zones in Israel from February 2024 (day 1), through March 2024 (day 30), to May 2024 (day 90). Symptoms of anxiety, depression, and PTSD were measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Primary Care PTSD Screen (PC-PTSD). Individuals experiencing traumatic losses, forced displacement, or economic hardships, as well as females, consistently demonstrated higher rates of anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms compared to those without such experiences or to males, across all time points (F values ranged from 17.7 to 215.3, p <.001). For ethnic minorities (Arab and other), as compared to Jewish, anxiety and depression symptoms were higher at every time point (F = 8.3–97.1, p =.004 to <.001). This study highlights the urgent need for targeted mental health interventions in conflict zones, particularly for affected individuals. Further research should expand these findings to broader populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In temperate ecosystems, resource availability fluctuates seasonally due to changes in environmental conditions and productivity. Intra‐ and inter‐specific trophic niche overlap under resource limitation is a measure of competitive interactions and influences species coexistence and community dynamics, but patterns of this overlap are influenced by anthropogenic activities. To investigate seasonal trophic niche dynamics of coexisting fish species in a flow‐altered river, we analysed prey resources, stomach content samples and stable isotope signatures of mottled sculpin Cottus bairdii and juvenile brown trout Salmo trutta in the Blue River, Colorado, USA, a high‐elevation oligotrophic river. Prey biomass (i.e. benthic macroinvertebrates) peaked in spring and declined through summer and autumn. Stomach content and stable isotope analysis results showed that diet composition of mottled sculpin and brown trout varied seasonally in response to changes in prey availability. Stomach content analysis results revealed that in autumn, both species exhibited the highest frequency of empty stomachs and expanded population trophic niches due to increased inter‐individual diet variation despite decreased individual trophic niche breadth. Inter‐specific trophic niche overlap was relatively high across all seasons, but the lowest degree of overlap occurred in autumn of both years when prey availability was lowest. Isotopic analysis revealed similar trends to stomach content analysis, of wider isotopic niches and reduced overlap in autumn compared to spring. Our data indicated that seasonal variation affected individual‐ and population‐level trophic niche dynamics and inter‐specific niche overlap between mottled sculpin and brown trout. This trophic segregation under resource limitation may serve as a mechanism that facilitates species coexistence in a flow‐regulated, oligotrophic river. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioma is one of the most common primary malignant brain tumors. Despite progress in therapeutic approaches, the median survival of patients with glioma remains less than 2 years, generating the need for new therapeutic approaches. Ultrasound (US) is widely used in medical fields and is used as a therapeutic tool mainly for improving the performance of therapeutic entities. In this study, we examined a novel approach using low frequency US (20 kHz) (LFUS) as an independent treatment tool for malignant glioma, since primary studies showed that cancer cells are more susceptible to LFUS than healthy cells. LFUS safety and efficacy were examined in a 9L gliosarcoma‐bearing female Fischer 344 rats. Two LFUS protocols were examined: a one‐time treatment (US1X), and two treatments 24 h apart (US2X). For safety evaluation, rats were monitored for weight change and pain measurements. For efficacy, tumor volume was measured as a function of time and the tumor structural chances were examined histopathologically. LFUS treatment showed rapid inhibition of tumor growth, seen as soon as 12 h after US application. In addition, LFUS was found to affect the tumor structure, which was more extensive (>60% of tumor area) in smaller tumors. In US2X, the tumor tissue was completely destroyed, and an extensive immune response was observed. Importantly, the treatment was highly selective, keeping the healthy tissue surrounding the tumor unharmed. We developed a highly efficient and selective therapeutic protocol for treating malignant glioma with minimal side effects based solely on LFUS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]