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22. Nasal carriage of mecA-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pigs exhibits dose-response to zinc supplementation.

Author

Amachawadi RG, Scott HM, Nitikanchana S, Vinasco J, Tokach MD, Dritz SS, Nelssen JL, Goodband RD, and Nagaraja TG

Subjects
Age Factors, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage, Anti-Bacterial Agents adverse effects, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Antibiotic Prophylaxis adverse effects, Antibiotic Prophylaxis veterinary, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Enteritis etiology, Enteritis microbiology, Enteritis prevention & control, Enteritis veterinary, Kansas, Methicillin Resistance, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolation & purification, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus metabolism, Penicillin-Binding Proteins, Staphylococcal Infections etiology, Staphylococcal Infections microbiology, Staphylococcal Infections prevention & control, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Staphylococcus aureus growth & development, Staphylococcus aureus isolation & purification, Staphylococcus aureus metabolism, Swine, Swine Diseases microbiology, Swine Diseases prevention & control, Zinc Oxide administration & dosage, Zinc Oxide therapeutic use, Zinc Sulfate administration & dosage, Zinc Sulfate adverse effects, Zinc Sulfate therapeutic use, Bacterial Proteins metabolism, Dietary Supplements adverse effects, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus growth & development, Nasal Mucosa microbiology, Staphylococcal Infections veterinary, Swine Diseases etiology, Zinc Oxide adverse effects
Abstract

Zinc (Zn) is often supplemented at elevated concentrations in swine diets, particularly in piglets, to prevent enteric infections and promote growth. Previous studies from Denmark have suggested a genetic linkage and a phenotypic association between Zn resistance, encoded by czrC, and methicillin-resistance conferred by mecA in Staphylococcus aureus. Such an association has not been reported in the U.S. swine population. We conducted an analysis of the effects of Zn, supplemented as zinc oxide (ZnO), on the nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in nursery (n=40) and finisher pigs (n=40) enrolled in a nutritional study. Nasal swabs, collected from nursery and finisher pigs, were inoculated onto MRSA CHROMagar and presumptive MRSA colonies were tested for the presence of mecA and czrC genes by polymerase chain reaction. Zinc susceptibility was determined by the agar dilution method. The prevalence of mecA-positive MRSA was 10% (4/40) and 20% (8/40) among nursery and finisher pigs, respectively. Of the 12 mecA-positive S. aureus isolates, 7 had the czrC gene (58.3%) compared to none among the 68 mecA-negative isolates. The presence of both mecA (p=0.002) and czrC (p=0.006) genes were positively associated with higher levels of Zn supplementation. The median minimum inhibitory concentrations of Zn for czrC-positive and czrC-negative isolates were 12 and 2 mM, respectively (p<0.0001). The link between czrC and mecA genes suggests the importance of elevated Zn supplementation in the co-selection and propagation of methicillin resistance among S. aureus in pigs.

Published
2015
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