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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are diseases caused by the interaction of genetic and non-genetic factors. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the association between six common genetic polymorphisms and T2DM and MetS in males. A total of 120 T2DM, 75 MetS, and 120 healthy controls (HC) were included in the study. ACE ID, eNOS 4a/b, ATR1 A1166C, OXTR (A>G), SOD1 +35A/C, CAT-21A/T gene polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR or PCR-RFLP techniques. T2DM was diagnosed at an earlier age compared to MetS (54 vs 55 years old, p=0.0003) and the difference was greater in carriers of the OXTR G allele (54 vs 56 years old, p=0.0002) or both OXTR G and eNOS b alleles (54 vs 56, p=0.00016). The SOD1 AA genotype (O.R.=0.11, p=0.0006) and the presence of both ACE I and OXTR1 A (O.R.=0.39, p=0.0005) alleles revealed to be protective for T2DM. SOD1 AA and AC genotypes were protective factors for triglyceride (p=0.0002 and p=0.0005, respectively) and HDL cholesterol (p=0.0002 and p=0.0004, respectively) levels in T2DM patients. ACE DD was identified more frequently in hypertensive T2DM patients (O.R.=3.77, p=0.0005) and in those who reported drinking alcohol (p=0.0001) comparing to HC and T2DM patients who did not drink alcohol, respectively. We observed that T2DM patients who reported drinking alcohol had an increased frequency of ACE DD and eNOS bb (p

Mara Carsote,1,2 Claudiu Nistor3,4 1Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; 2Department of Gonads and Infertility, “C.I. Parhon” National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania; 3Department 4 – Cardio -Thoracic Pathology, Thoracic Surgery II Discipline, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; 4Thoracic Surgery Department, “Dr. Carol Davila” Central Emergency University Military Hospital, Bucharest, RomaniaCorrespondence: Mara Carsote, Aviatorilor Ave, 34-38, Sector 1, Bucharest, 011683, Romania, Tel +40744 851 934, Email carsote_m@hotmail.comAbstract: We aim to overview Addison’s disease (AD) with regard to current diagnosis and management. This is a narrative review of full-length articles published in English between January 2022 and December 2022 (including online ahead of print versions) in PubMed-indexed journals. We included original studies in living humans regardless of the level of statistical significance starting from the key search terms “Addison’s disease” or “primary adrenal insufficiency” in title or abstract. We excluded articles with secondary adrenal insufficiency. Briefly, 199 and 355 papers, respectively were identified; we manually checked each of them, excluded the duplicates, and then selected 129 based on their clinical relevance in order to address our 1-year analysis. We organized the data in different subsections covering all published aspects on the subject of AD. To our knowledge, this is the largest AD retrospective from 2022 on published data. A massive role of genetic diagnosis especially in pediatric cases is highlighted; the importance of both pediatric and adult awareness remains since unusual presentations continue to be described. COVID-19 infection is a strong player amid this third year of pandemic although we still not do have large cohorts in this particular matter as seen, for instance, in thyroid anomalies. In our opinion, the most important topic for research is immune checkpoint inhibitors, which cause a large panel of endocrine side effects, AD being one of them.Keywords: Addison disease, cortisol, primary adrenal insufficiency, synacthen, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, immune checkpoint inhibitor, COVID-19

Telemea cow's cheese is a native variety, made from cow's milk, preserved in brine, and of the wide variety of cheeses that are made in our country, this is the most widespread due to consumer demand. The present study was carried out in order to determine the quality of the Telemea cheese product obtained in the "Fabrica de produse lactate Crislact" processing unit in Iaşi County. In parallel, the monitoring of the quality parameters of raw material milk intended for processing was also carried out. The raw material milk had variable properties from one manufacturing series to another. Thus, the most fluctuating parameter was represented by the fat content, where the average value determined was 3.62±0.84, but under the conditions of determining a coefficient of variation of 21.42. The quality of the Telemea cheese assortment was extremely constant for each batch produced during the research, a statement supported by the homogeneity of the characters studied. The general conclusion of this paper is that the unit, although forced to process mainly collected milk, has the ability to offer high quality products, with extremely homogeneous properties from one production series to another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For quite some time, the Balkan breed of Mangalita pigs has started again to come to the attention and concerns of breeders in Romania, as well as local consumers of pork, a fact due to the publication of the results of specialized research that highlighted certain particular aspects, of an organoleptic and physico-chemical nature, possessed by the meat and fat of this breed. Through this research protocol, the aim was to investigate the possible influences of the rearing system (in the open - on pasture and in the shelter) and feeding of Mangalița pigs on the chemical composition of the meat, on the profile of fatty acids and its cholesterol content, analyzes carried out at the level of the Longissimus dorsi lumborum muscle. Following the research and observations undertaken, it can be stated that in the meat of pigs raised in the open air, a higher content of protein, crude ash and water and a lower content of total fat were determined, at the level of the analyzed muscle group. From the obtained data it can be deduced that the growing system did not significantly influence the cholesterol content of the meat. Regarding fat composition, a higher proportion of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was identified in pasture-raised pigs, while the ratio between them was significantly lower, compared to pigs raised in shelter. The ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids (PUFA/SFA) was not significantly different between groups, while the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids (MUFA/SFA) was significantly lower in group of pigs raised on pasture. In conclusion, we can affirm the fact that the breeding systems and the different way of feeding Mangalița pigs determine certain chemical characteristics of the meat, especially by improving the composition of fatty acids and the ratio between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fish meat is a distinct food in human diets, as it is highly digestible and has the ability to provide a wide range of micronutrients, vitamins, amino acids and fatty acids in considerable quantities. In the last period of time, especially, in accordance with the studies on the specific nutritional factors of fish meat, the interest in the consumption of this aquatic product has increased, due to the determination and evaluation of the high content of PUFA omega-3 fatty acids, with a significant role for health, in especially eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA). Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, including α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are particularly important for human health, having been certified to protect the human body against cardiovascular disease, accelerated neurodegeneration and to reduce the inflammatory syndrome. In addition to playing an important role in cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases, essential fatty acids are vital in the development of neurons in fetuses and infants, and ensure the control of glycolytic metabolism. However, fish meat and fish meat products are by no means risk-free. Thus, a careful evaluation of the provenance and existing trophic chains in the geographical areas of origin of the fish is required, as well as the analysis of the impact generated by the meat preservation methods and procedures. Frying, for example, is one of the complex processes that can significantly change the nutritional composition of the fried food product. Among the processing techniques, food frying has gained more and more acceptance, all over the world, but a whole series of research they highlight multiple disadvantages, both from a nutritional and physiological point of view. During frying, the fat breaks down and many reactions occur that result in numerous structural transformations recorded by the fatty acids, namely the formation of trans fatty acids. Conclusively, following the analysis of the obtained experimental data, it is highlighted that the proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in raw fish muscle was lower (26.01%) compared to fried fish muscle (29.05%), the ratio n-3/ n-6 changed after frying (0.44, in raw meat and 0.29 in fried meat), the Atherogenicity Index varied between 0.38, in raw meat compared to 0.85 in fried meat, and the Thrombogenicity Index was 0.38, in raw meat and 0.98 in fried meat, which shows that undesirable reactions occurred in fried fish muscle. The hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio was relatively similar in raw muscle (2.68) and fried (2.13), but the total level of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) in raw fish muscle (81.97%) was lower than that of fried fish (82.59 %). A higher percentage of trans fatty acids was identified in fried fish compared to raw fish. Frying carp meat considerably changed the fatty acid composition of fish meat, increasing the proportion of saturated fatty acids and decreasing the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On a population of 1520 Brown cows, from 15 farms located in Vrancea County were evaluated the main reproductive indicators on the basis of data from official control in farms. Were evaluated the following indicators: rank of lactation, age at first calving (AFC), serviceperiod (SP), dry period (DP), calving interval (CI)and number of artificial inseminations for one gestation (IA). From analysis of mean values could be observed that average age at first calving was of approximately 33 month ranking between 29 and 35 month, the analysed population having precocity under the standard of Brown breed. Number of inseminations for one gestation was 2.09, at the farms level being recorded a poor management of frozen seminal material. Reproduction indicators had means values which prove that reproduction function was poor technically managed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Having in view that, Brown breed have an important rate in cattle breed structure from Vrancea County, we consider that it is opportune to carry out a study concerning the seasonal variation of qualitative features of raw milk obtained from this breed, due to specific technologies and technological factors management applied in the area. The results of this research aim to complete the information regarding quality of raw milk gathered from Brown breed cattle which are registered in Vrancea County Official Control of productive performances. Research was carried out to determine the raw milk quality by specific physical-chemical and microbiological analysis, for parameters such as: somatic cell count, dry matter, fat, protein, lactose and casein content, urea, density and pH. The mean values and variability estimators for somatic cell count ranged between 242600 (winter) and 573200 (summer), dry matter oscillated between 11.84% and 13.42%, the fat percentage varied between 3.28% (spring) and 4.34% (winter), protein percentage recorded mean values between 3.21% and 3.96% in autumn, respectively in winter; lactose content was between 3.78% and 4.87%, casein content ranged between 27.46 g/l and 29.29 g/l. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring food quality and safety will remain a major challenge for agri-food sector as consumers are increasingly aware of natural food benefits on human health that can satisfy their nutritional needs and desired senzorial characteristics. The main purpose of food processing is its preservation used in order to maintain the integrity of the products and to extend the shelf life improving their quality. In this way, processed food products can meet customers demands from al points of view: nutritional, safe and health and good sensory experience. It is well known that applying only one preservation method at high intensity (temperature), beside the pathogenic microflora, it may destroy some important nutrients (vitamins, proteins). In this paper it is highlighted the advantage of preserving food using combined conventional methods at lower intensities without affecting the integrity of the food product. The Hurdle effect is an illustration of the fact that in food, several factors contribute to microbiological stability, safety and quality. The Hurdle effect has major importance in preserving food since the hurdles control microbiological spoilage and food poisoning. Hurdle technology (also called barrier technology, combined methods, combined process) advocates the deliberate combination of existing preservation techniques in order to establish a series of hurdles that cannot be overcome by the existing microorganisms from the product. These hurdles may be temperature, water activity, pH, additional preservatives, redox potential, ultrahigh pressure, ultrasounds, etc. Being processed food products, obtained by combined methods, salami can remain stable and safe for extended periods of time, being very appreciated by consumers all around the world due to the special taste and high nutritional properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research was carried out on a batch of 50 specimens of brook trout, the fish coming from a salmonid exploatation from Suceava County. The studied trout's were sacrificed, measured and then samples (lateral muscles) were taken, which were subjected to determinations for chemical composition, content in collagen, histological studies and the rate of losses in different processes (frying and frying preceded by flouring). Following the analysis of the results we can conclude that the analyzed fish material has shown a good maintenance status, the trout fillets having a balanced chemical composition, with a very strong correlation between the meat content in amino acids and the protein content, as well as a good manufacturing and superior capitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to present the reproduction performance recorded at Landrace x Yorkshire cross bred sows exploited for bacon production in an elite unit in Denmark. We have investigated several reproductive parameters: fecundity (depending on season), index of using sows for reproduction, prolificacy, number of piglets farrowed dead and the survival percentage to weaning. The obtained results were: average fecundity is between 91.66 and 92.22%; the average index of use for reproduction is between 2.35 and 2.37; the average number of piglets farrowed alive is between 14.35 and 14.37. The results are a consequence of valuable genetic material, as well as of the technology applied in the unit. The results are situated within the data presented in the specialty literature for these parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed an evaluation of body size and growth performance in the Mangalita breed which were compared with results obtained in different old pig breeds in Europe. The experimental group included 30 individuals, divided into 2 groups of 15 individuals, castrated males and females. The following characteristics were determined: body length, height at withers, live weight, age at slaughter weight, average daily gain, carcass weight and yield at slaughter. The results were compared with literature data from the East-Balkan Pigs, Iberic Pigs and Nero Siciliano breeds. The highest average weight and the largest body lengthwas recorded in Mangalita males with 141.2 kg respectively (115.2 cm). The highest carcass weight was recorded at Iberic pigs (108.1kg).Although the production performances are not very high, the very good organic resistance, the great adaptability to various growing conditions and the excellent qualities of the meat are arguments in favor of the further growth of these two breeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to present the traditional technological flow utilised for goat milk yogurt obtained into a small range unit from Iaşi County, Romania and also to effectuate a physicochemical analyse for this product. From physicochemical analysis view point, the aims of the current paper were focused on the following parameters: fat content, protein content, acidity and dry matter content. At the end of the study we can affirm that the goat milk yogurt obtained fulfilled the technological demands and flow, being a traditionally made product. The quality of the product is a very good one, being recorded superior values for all the analysed physicochemical indicators which had superior values to those imposed by nowadays legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper proposes a bold approach to a topical issue, namely the production of beef meat. The study was conducted on a herd of 120 Aberdeen Angus cattle. Genetic and exploitative factors that influence meat production have been studied on this biological material. In conditions, of an extensive exploitation system, the medium value of 1111.16 g for the average daily gain is very good. The limits were between 869 g and 1453 g. The body weight at 200 days registered an average value of 255.5 kg with limits between 171.8 and 322.6 kg. Analyzing the results of the descendants by sex factor, we found significant differences in the average daily gain, and the body weight at 200 days, in favour of the males. Thus, the average daily gain was 1060.4 g for females and 1268.2 g for males, the difference being significant with 208 g. The body weight at 200 days evolved accordingly, in favour of males with 50.63 kg respectively, a body weight of 245.46 kg was recorded for females and 296.09 kg for males. The birth weight is positively and intermediary correlated with the mean daily gain r=0.375 (37%), the link being significant for p<0.01, but also with the index of the average daily gain r=0.315 for p<0.05. As a conclusion, in the case of the studied herd, we find that both exploitation and genetic factors have positively influenced the results on meat production indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is conducted for the period 2014 - 2018 with the purpose of monitoring the quantity and quality of the swine carcases that are classified with SEUROP system in Romania. For determining the thickness of the Longissimus dorsis and the thickness of the dorsal fat there were used the equipments OptiGrade-Pro, Fat-O-Meat'er and Ruler. The data regarding the swine livestock evolution, abatorizations and classifications performed Romania came from the reports of the Commission of Carcass Classification transmitet towards European Commission. Through the study it was found, for the year 2018, that the swine livestock decreased by over 500,000 heads. This decrease of the livestock is placed on the base of the occurrence and spread of African swine fever in most counties of the country. The study also highlighted some constant factors of the 5 years such as: increase of the average carcass weight from 80.6 to 84.2 kg and the quantity of lean meat in the carcass from 47.2 to 49.56 kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After establishment of milk fat content we obtain a mean value for this parameter of 3.42±0.21%, this one being with 0.22% higher than the one imposed by firm's standard. Milk acidity was inside the limits imposed by the same standard, respectively 15-19oT, being with 2.5oT higher than the accepted minimum. As mean, the established value for this quality physical parameter was 17.5±1.98oT. The product "Telemea cow cheese" was appreciated also through its physical-chemical characteristics, observing that these ones were into product's standard. Regarding dry matter rate, was observed that this one was very close to the one imposed by standard (min. 43%), being of 43.37±2.44%. Salt content was situated at the inferior limit for the value imposed by standard (2.5-4.0), mean determined value being 3.11±0.48%. The fat rate reported to dry matter, recorded a calculated mean value of only 41.50±1.86%, inferior, to the demands imposed by standard (42%) with 0.50%. The product "Fresh cow cheese" presented sensorial characteristics in conformity with product standard, having a white to a white-yellowish colour, with compact mass and a soft consistency. Dry matter rate determined into final product overcome the minimum imposed by standard (20%), being 21.2±2.08%. Content in protein substances for fresh cow cheese was, in mean, of 17.6±1.27%, with +0.6% higher than the minimum accepted value. Acidity of fresh cow cheese was into the limits imposed by product standard (210-220oT), being obtained a mean value of 215.31±10.14oT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sunflower halva is a traditional product characteristic to Eastern European countries, while sesame halva is one of the most popular foods in countries of the Middle East and North Africa. In the current paper sensory profile, fat, protein, total sugars, total reducing sugars, ash and moisture content of halva assortments from Iaşi County market were compared. Sunflower and sesame halva samples from different producers and countries (Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey and Ukraine) were purchased from different stores and markets localised in Iaşi County. Research revealed a total fat content between 31.48 - 37.95%, proteins ranking between 11.4 - 11.95%, total sugars within 26.97-42.57% limits, ash between 1.57 - 1.80% and moisture content ranged between 0.68 - 2.75%. Statistical differences between the sesame and sunflower halva assortments of were highly significant both for the sensory analysis and chemical composition. Differences found between the halva assortments are due different technologies, recipes and raw materials used in the technological process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The project which was proposed for implementation has, as responsable entity, the Corcova Commune, Mehedinti county, as public local authority wich owns and administrate the local roads which are proposed to be modernized. Corcova Commune is situated in the middle part of Husnita Highland, a relief unity of Getic Piedmont, which is sided by the Getic Sub-Carpathians and to the south by the Romanian plain. It detains a wide opening to the urban civilization reprezented by cities of Drobeta Turnu Severin at a 40 kilometer distance and Motru from Gorj County, at a distance of 15 kilometers, and even Craiova, but not before passing over Filiasi city, the first urban gate of Dolj County on the European roadway no. 70. The accomplishment of this project needed an applied documentation on the local realities regarding the topography, geology, geotechnics and also the traffic on the studied agricultural roads. Solving these goals requaired detailed topographical studies, applied geothenical studies and consulting GIS maps in serch of the owners neighbouring the modernized roads. After visiting the area, analyzing the geotehnical studies, measurements of the geotechnical elements, the longitudinal and transversal profiles and also observing visually the state of the expertized roads,we drew thw conclusion that the upgrading capacity of the existent road system is partially outmoded, a facts which leeds to the aparition of the faults in the form of cavities resulted from the freeze-thaw process. From the geotehnical point of view, the drillings made have intercepted some dacian formation. Dacian is the oldest geological formation which appears at surface being visible in Strehaia sector. Thus according to the plan, the actual line of the communal roads was respected, in order to avoid expropiations.The design of the curves was made in conformity with STAS 863 regulation. The red line was designed by taking into account the tickness of the proposed road system and also STAS 863 regulation and other technical normatives, providing the connection between existent declivities and respecting exceptional declivities in the curves. As a conclusion, we can state that the designed road structure will be, when the construction work is finalized, a factor in the development of the area regarding agricultural exploatation but also the wine exploatations, in the conditions in which the wine growing encountered a strong development in the last few years in this administrative zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pressed cheese is a superior way of valorification on milk and it is one of the most widespread and consumed types of cheese, especially in Europe. The production of this type of cheese has been done since ancient times, in the most varied areas of the world. In our country, the historical documents mentioned that, since 1374, pressed cheese has been produced in the mountain area of Wallachia. If in the past pressed cheese was made from sheep's milk, now it is made from cow's milk. The aim of the paper is to emphasize the old cheese producers in Romania being an important document, especially for processors who want to apply on the quality scheme at European level (PDO, PGI or TSG). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of the paper was to analyze the exploitation technologies and the results obtained in the production of bovine meat. The research was carried out during 2013-2015 in the cross-border area of Romania, Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova. The meat production in Romania is at the level of 206 thousand tons of live weight at slaughter in 2016, 6 thousand tons more than in 2015 when meat production was 200 thousand tons live weight at slaughter. Compared to 2013, we see a decline in bovine meat production, which may be due to market fluctuations that occur both at national and on the Community market. In terms of cattle slaughter in specialized units, the number of slaughtered heads has decreased, but the average carcasses weight has increased (from 280 Kg to 327 Kg). For the Odessa region, the production of meat in 2013 was 32203 kg and in 2012, 35233 kg with 3030 kg less or 8.6%. The average daily gain was 402 g per day in 2013, up with 23 grams more than in 2012. Meat production (live weight) in the Republic of Moldova in all farms increased by 4.5% in 2009, and in 2010 it is decreasing, reaching in 2012 at 15.8 thousand tons, less by 14.2%, compared to 2009. Having in view of the cross-border study, the following measures are necessary to make farms more profitable: increasing the cutting weight which will result in high meat yields in the carcass; integration of cattle breeding activity into U.E. standards and regulations; to promote the activity of genetic improving the cattle population in order to increase and improve meat production; financial support for the organization of farms in associations, in order to represent their interests in relation to the suppliers of inputs and beneficiary of the made products; securing own revenues by capitalizing on export goods; ensuring the necessary conditions for exteriorization of the animal's production potential; stimulating the growth of animals in hill and mountain areas with opportunities for exploiting beef cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growth of vietnamese pigs has taken some measure among small breeders in Romania. Information on the breeding performance and qualities of these pigs is contradictory and sometimes exaggerated. The present paper aims to study reproductive and growth performance in 2 of the most widespread Vietnamese pig breeds in Romania: Mong Cai and Co. Reproduction performances were studied on 10 sows, 5 from each breed, for 3 litter. The production performance was performed on 40 pigs, male castrated and females, 20 of each breed, who were followed from weaning until 1 year of age. Results obtained for age of first estrus, litter size, weight of first day, weight of weaned pigs, parturition interval and number of parturition on year were as follows: 4-5 months, 6 - 8 piglets, 0.41 kg, 3-4 kg, 6 -7 months, 1.6 - 1.7 partutition for breed Co and 6-8 months, 7 - 12 piglets, 0.45 kg, 5 - 6 kg, 5 - 6 months, 1.5 - 2 partutition for breed Mong Cai. Similarly, growth results are higher at breed Mong Cai versus breed Co. As a conclusion, this breeds have performance for reproduction and breeding inferior to local breeds and we do not recommend them to grow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper was meant to be an analysis of the actual number of bovines, type and size of holdings, technical endowment of the holdings, as well as the welfare norms of the animals in the Romanian cross-border area. The research took place between 2013 and 2015 in the Romanian, Ukrainian and Republic of Moldova cross-border area. The situation of the shelters in the Romanian cross-border area is the following: 5.6% of the holdings have accommodation spaces for one animal; 31.34% of the holdings have accommodation spaces for two animals (adult animal + youth); 3.7% of the holdings have accommodation spaces for three animals (adults + youth); 1.98% of the holdings have accommodation spaces for four animals; 0.8% of the holdings have accommodation spaces for five animals; 36.06% of the holdings have accommodation spaces for adult + youth bovines and for equines; 21.11% of the holdings have accommodation spaces for bovines (adults + youth), ovine and swine. Among the 26 districts of the Odessa region, Ukraine, the number of cattle's registered a slight increase in only 12 districts, with a decreasing number at the level of the total cross-border area. In the Republic of Moldova, the number of bovines for all categories of farms decreased. If on January 1st 2006 the total number represented 311 thousand pieces, including 217 thousand cows, on January 1st 2013 there were 191 thousand, respectively 134 thousand pieces or 38.5 respectively 38.2% less. Situation in the agricultural sector in similar. The reduction of the total number of bovines, as well as of the total number of cows represented 50%. Starting with 2008, when referring to farms, we can mention an increasing trend of the complement of bovines, increased by 2.5 times on January 1st 2013 both for the total number, as well as for the number of cows. As regards the population's farms, which comprise most of the complement, this decreases from year to year, from 291 thousands in 2006 to 180 thousands in 2013 or by 38.2%, including cows, from 209 thousands to 130 thousands or by 37.8%. We hereby ascertain that both in the Romanian cross-border area and in the Ukrainian and Republic of Moldova cross-border area, the assignment of the factors of production in the analyzed farms, of high or family-type complements, is under the actual need, as the current conditions, mainly the financial conditions, only allow the use of certain factors of production (race, fodder). If in Romania European financing contributed to the performance improvement, farmers in Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova face high deficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the need to modernize and develop the agricultural sector, the development of access roads for agricultural exploitation has become a goal without which progress cannot be achieved. With the start of the National Rural Development Program, it was necessary to find solutions for the dimensioning the road structures for certain agricultural areas of Romania, so in this paper we carried out a punctual research for an agricultural road situated in the commune of Godinesti, Gorj County. The road sector covered by this paper originates in P1 (km 0 + 000) at the junction with the county road DJ 672 and the destination in P 23 (km 1 + 100). The length of the agricultural road sector is of 1.100,00 m. In which regards the existing situation of the analyzed road sector, following the visual inspection and geotechnical investigations, it is noted that the agricultural road sector does not correspond to the actual requirements imposed for the category of use. Based on topographical, geological, hydrogeological and seismological studies conducted over the years in the area, the were carried out the necessary calculations for the sizing of an elastic road construction (with asphaltic structure) that can be used by agricultural machinery of up to 7.5 t, and the project for its implementation was completed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a study on 109 horses from Shagya breed which were selected for breeding to Rădăuţi stud farm. In this study were determined three main body dimensions which are written also in the body evaluation sheet: withers height (158.41±0.22 cm), heart girth (175.42±0.43 cm) and canon perimeter (18±0.09 cm). The obtained data for these body dimensions as well as those obtained for some body indexes such as, massiveness index (110.75 ±0.25%), bones index (11.36±0.05%) and dactyl-thoracic index (11.36±0.05%) falls within the breed standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most widely consumed oil from Europe is sunflower oil. All european countries are cultivating sunflowers, but due to increased sunflower oil consumption, we rely on imports, the biggest coming from the Black Sea region, especially Russia and Ukraine. The main problems of quality on sunflower oil are contamination and oxidation (rancidity). Sunflower oil has a relatively high oxidative stability (resulting a long shelf life), but the stability depends on the quality of seeds, the seed treatment before extraction, extraction methods and processing conditions. The purpose of this paper is to determine the quality of sunflower oils marketed in northeastern of Romania. Samples were collected from different manufacturers, from various points of sale. In addition to the sensory analysis, were determined the following physico-chemical parameters: density, moisture content, acidity, saponification value, the color of iodine, peroxide, impurities contained in the organic solvent. We can conclude that all the samples analyzed are within current standards imposed by EU legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Miroslava village is located in the central part of Iaşi County, respectively 47008' North latitude and 27029' East longitude, being framed in terms of beekeeping in the bio-beekeeping area of Moldova Plateau, being characteristic the gathering of type II. The honey-bearing potential of the village, estimated at over 107000 kg offered by bees from species composition of forests in the area, spanning approx. 660 ha, respectively crops, orchards, pastures, meadows, etc., occupying over 4000 hectares, would allow maintenance under stationary beekeeping of around 880 beehives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Cal de Bucovina" population is the result of crossbreeding between "Semigreul Românesc" and Hutsul breeds made in the 80's, at Lucina Stud. Although it has some rather interesting characters, unfortunately, they have been little studied and used so that, at present, the population is extremely low, surviving as a nucleus in conservation through the skilled care of the specialists of the Stud. The biological material used in this study was represented precisely by mares that make up the nucleus breeding, breeding activity analysis revealing that the specific indicators as the introduction to breeding age (1817.429 ± 161.861 days), age at first calving (2170 ± 164.567 days), period of gestation (339.7 ± 2.0 days), service period (97.8 ± 25.6 days), calving interval (465.4 ± 36.8 days), etc., have normal values within the species characteristics, which gives us hope in terms of future survival of this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The capitalization of tourism potential implies, besides the existence of specific tourism infrastructure, also a modern transport infrastructure which can generate a sustainable economic development. In fact, tourism infrastructure, mainly in mass tourism destinations, is considered to be decisive for tourist arrivals, the accessibility being one of the prime factors in choosing a destination. In this line, using nonparametric correlation models, the paper is focused on the influence of tourist accommodation capacity (number of units), net investment in hotels and restaurants and consumer price index of services on the dimension of international tourist arrivals. The fundamental objective of the research is to identify the degree of connection between the those variables above, which could allow a flexible answer for the sustainable development of the tourism strategy in Romania, by increasing the share of Tourism sector in GDP. The results of the research highlight a strong association between the analyzed variables and validates the proposed working hypotheses.

Post treatment periapical periodontitis is usually caused by residual microbes, due to poorly treated root canals and microleakage. Our clinical case proved that orthograde, single-visit endodontic re-treatment is the first choice for the clinician. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images detect the presence and the real extension of the periapical periodontitis and the outcome of the endodontic treatment, in terms of healing the bone defect. Compared with the limited 2-D data obtained by using the radiograph, the CBCT shows a 3-D image of the tooth, the root canal, and the surrounding tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research was carried out on the herd of 39 horses, respectively 28 mother mares and 11 stallions, which constituted the reproduction nucleus of Romanian Trăpaş breed, from Jegălia Stud, in 2013. Horses were assessed based on data obtained from usual measurements (waist, thoracic perimeter and shinbone perimeter) performed at the annual evaluation. Results obtained regarding waist showed that it had average values of 154.68±0.59 cm at mares, respectively 157.36±1.17 cm at stallions. Thoracic perimeter had an average value of 173.82±1.01 cm at mares, respectively 185.18±3.58 cm at stallions, and shinbone perimeter had mean values of 18.80±0.15 cm at mares and 21.09±0.59 cm for stallions. In light of these results it has been observed that the studied herd is presenting as a homogenous batch concerning the three studied characters. The obtained data gathered after measurements fits into breed standard and justify horses promoting/maintenance into stud breeding nucleus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]