1. Weekly Oral Tenofovir Alafenamide Protects Macaques from Vaginal and Rectal Simian HIV Infection.
- Author
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Massud, Ivana, Nishiura, Kenji, Ruone, Susan, Holder, Angela, Dinh, Chuong, Lipscomb, Jonathan, Mitchell, James, Khalil, George M., Heneine, Walid, Garcίa-Lerma, J. Gerardo, and Dobard, Charles W.
- Subjects
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SIMIAN immunodeficiency virus , *HIV infections , *MACAQUES , *TENOFOVIR , *PRE-exposure prophylaxis , *ANTIRETROVIRAL agents - Abstract
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with a weekly oral regimen of antiretroviral drugs could be a suitable preventative option for individuals who struggle with daily PrEP or prefer not to use long-acting injectables. We assessed in macaques the efficacy of weekly oral tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) at doses of 13.7 or 27.4 mg/kg. Macaques received weekly oral TAF for six weeks and were exposed twice-weekly to SHIV vaginally or rectally on day 3 and 6 after each dose. Median TFV-DP levels in PBMCs following the 13.7 mg/kg dose were 3110 and 1137 fmols/106 cells on day 3 and 6, respectively. With the 27.4 mg/kg dose, TFV-DP levels were increased (~2-fold) on day 3 and 6 (6095 and 3290 fmols/106 cells, respectively). Both TAF doses (13.7 and 27.4 mg/kg) conferred high efficacy (94.1% and 93.9%, respectively) against vaginal SHIV infection. Efficacy of the 27.4 mg/kg dose against rectal SHIV infection was 80.7%. We estimate that macaque doses of 13.7 and 27.4 mg/kg are equivalent to approximately 230 and 450 mg of TAF in humans, respectively. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of a weekly oral PrEP regimen and suggest that a clinically achievable oral TAF dose could be a promising option for non-daily PrEP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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