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4,191 results on '"Nishikawa, M."'

1. Microphysiological systems for realizing microenvironment that mimics human physiology—functional material and its standardization applied to microfluidics

Author

Ito, Y., Kawauchi, I., Yanagita, Y., Sakai, Y., Nishikawa, M., Arakawa, H., Kadoguchi, M., Tamai, I., Esashika, K., Takahashi, J., Ando, O., Satoh, T., Imai, I., Adachi, S., Chiba, D., Arai, K., Shiota, K., Sawaguchi, T., Yoshioka, T., Fujimoto, T., Yoshikuni, T., Mizuno, A., Aihara, T., Sakura, T., Kimura, H., and Nakae, H.

Published
2024
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4. Determining physical properties of the cell cortex

Author

Saha, A., Nishikawa, M., Behrndt, M., Heisenberg, C. -P., Jülicher, F., and Grill, S. W.

Subjects
Physics - Biological Physics, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Quantitative Biology - Cell Behavior
Abstract

Actin and myosin assemble into a thin layer of a highly dynamic network underneath the membrane of eukaryotic cells. This network generates the forces that drive cell and tissue-scale morphogenetic processes. The effective material properties of this active network determine large-scale deformations and other morphogenetic events. For example,the characteristic time of stress relaxation (the Maxwell time)in the actomyosin sets the time scale of large-scale deformation of the cortex. Similarly, the characteristic length of stress propagation (the hydrodynamic length) sets the length scale of slow deformations, and a large hydrodynamic length is a prerequisite for long-ranged cortical flows. Here we introduce a method to determine physical parameters of the actomyosin cortical layer (in vivo). For this we investigate the relaxation dynamics of the cortex in response to laser ablation in the one-cell-stage {\it C. elegans} embryo and in the gastrulating zebrafish embryo. These responses can be interpreted using a coarse grained physical description of the cortex in terms of a two dimensional thin film of an active viscoelastic gel. To determine the Maxwell time, the hydrodynamic length and the ratio of active stress and per-area friction, we evaluated the response to laser ablation in two different ways: by quantifying flow and density fields as a function of space and time, and by determining the time evolution of the shape of the ablated region. Importantly, both methods provide best fit physical parameters that are in close agreement with each other and that are similar to previous estimates in the two systems. We provide an accurate and robust means for measuring physical parameters of the actomyosin cortical layer.It can be useful for investigations of actomyosin mechanics at the cellular-scale, but also for providing insights in the active mechanics processes that govern tissue-scale morphogenesis., Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures

Published
2015
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10. (765) Impact of Perioperative Sarcopenia and Dysphagia on LVAD Related Complications

Author

Nishikawa, M., primary, Carey, M.R., additional, Ladanyi, A., additional, Mondellini, G.M., additional, Pinsino, A., additional, Antler, K., additional, Goldberg, E., additional, Hastie, J., additional, Clerkin, K., additional, Sayer, G.T., additional, Uriel, N., additional, Takeda, K., additional, Colombo, P.C., additional, and Yuzefpolskaya, M., additional

Published
2023
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11. (264) Impact of Perioperative Dysphagia and Oral Microbiome on Postoperative Pneumonia after LVAD

Author

Carey, M.R., primary, Ladanyi, A., additional, Bohn, B., additional, Nishikawa, M., additional, Mondellini, G.M., additional, Pinsino, A., additional, Goldberg, E., additional, Kleet, A., additional, Sayer, G.T., additional, Uriel, N., additional, Aaron, J.G., additional, Uhlemann, A., additional, Takeda, K., additional, Demmer, R.T., additional, Colombo, P.C., additional, and Yuzefpolskaya, M., additional

Published
2023
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12. Investigation of the crystallinity change after the addition of magnesium hydroxides into the calcium phosphate during mechanochemical synthesis: an FTIR spectroscopy, XRD analysis, chemometrics, and cell culture

Author

Otsuka, Y, Sasaki, D, Kusamori, K, Nishikawa, M, Ben-Nissan, B, Otsuka, Y, Sasaki, D, Kusamori, K, Nishikawa, M, and Ben-Nissan, B

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the addition of Mg ion on calcium phosphate during mechanochemical synthesis. Ca(OH)2, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), and Mg(OH)2 were mechanochemically synthesized using ball milling with pure water. The prepared samples were evaluated by powder X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), FT-infrared (IR) spectral analysis, and a TNF alpha test with murine macrophage-like cell line RAW264.7 cells for assessing the immune activation. The cell culture studies indicated that CaMg apatite can be used as bioceramic. Mg ion-doped Ca apatite, which also contains carbonated ions in the crystal, was identified based on the XRD patterns and FTIR spectra. The unique diffraction peaks of apatite at 211, 112, 300, and 202 decreased in the sample containing Mg(OH)2, suggesting a decrease in the rate of crystallization. In addition, the phosphate infrared bands of the samples were different from those of the carbonated apatite. To investigate the details of the effects of Mg ion, multiple spectra combining XRD patterns and FTIR spectra were prepared. The multiple spectra datasets were used for the estimation by multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS). The effects of Mg ion on apatite as calcium phosphate were investigated by multiple spectra multivariate analysis. The analysis postulated that Mg ion decreased the apatite crystallinities possibly by adsorption at the growth sides and that these added ions strongly inhibited the formation of the thermodynamically most stable hydroxyapatite.

Published
2023

18. Variant-specific changes in RAC3 function disrupt corticogenesis in neurodevelopmental phenotypes

Author

Scala, M., Nishikawa, M., Ito, H., Tabata, H., Khan, T., Accogli, A., Davids, L., Ruiz, A., Chiurazzi, Pietro, Cericola, G., Schulte, B., Monaghan, K. G., Begtrup, A., Torella, A., Pinelli, M., Denomme-Pichon, A. -S., Vitobello, A., Racine, C., Mancardi, M. M., Kiss, C., Guerin, A., Wu, W., Vila, E. G., Mak, B. C., Martinez-Agosto, J. A., Gorin, M. B., Duz, B., Bayram, Y., Carvalho, C. M. B., Vengoechea, J. E., Chitayat, D., Tan, T. Y., Callewaert, B., Kruse, B., Bird, L. M., Faivre, L., Zollino, Marcella, Biskup, S., Striano, P., Nigro, V., Severino, M., Capra, V., Costain, G., Nagata, K. -I., Brown, G., Butte, M. J., Dell'Angelica, E. C., Dorrani, N., Douine, E. D., Fogel, B. L., Gutierrez, I., Huang, A., Krakow, D., Lee, H., Loo, S. K., Martin, M. G., Mcgee, E., Nelson, S. F., Nieves-Rodriguez, S., Palmer, C. G. S., Papp, J. C., Parker, N. H., Renteria, G., Sinsheimer, J. S., Wan, J., Wang, L. -K., Perry, K. W., Brunetti-Pierri, N., Casari, G., Cappuccio, G., Musacchia, F., Mutarelli, M., Carrella, D., Vitiello, G., Parenti, G., Leuzzi, V., Selicorni, A., Maitz, S., Banfi, S., Montomoli, M., Milani, D., Romano, C., Tummolo, A., De Brasi, D., Coppola, A., Santoro, C., Peron, A., Pantaleoni, C., Castello, R., D'Arrigo, S., Scala, Marcello, Nishikawa, Masashi, Ito, Hidenori, Tabata, Hidenori, Khan, Tayyaba, Accogli, Andrea, Davids, Laura, Ruiz, Anna, Chiurazzi, Pietro, Cericola, Gabriella, Schulte, Björn, Monaghan, Kristin G, Begtrup, Amber, Torella, Annalaura, Pinelli, Michele, Denommé-Pichon, Anne Sophie, Vitobello, Antonio, Racine, Caroline, Mancardi, Maria Margherita, Kiss, Courtney, Guerin, Andrea, Wu, Wendy, Gabau Vila, Elisabeth, Mak, Bryan C, Martinez-Agosto, Julian A, Gorin, Michael B, Duz, Bugrahan, Bayram, Yavuz, Carvalho, Claudia M B, Vengoechea, Jaime E, Chitayat, David, Tan, Tiong Yang, Callewaert, Bert, Kruse, Bernd, Bird, Lynne M, Faivre, Laurence, Zollino, Marcella, Biskup, Saskia, Striano, Pasquale, Nigro, Vincenzo, Severino, Mariasavina, Capra, Valeria, Costain, Gregory, Nagata, Koh Ichi, and Nagata, Koh-Ichi

Subjects
brain development, Settore MED/03 - GENETICA MEDICA, Medical and Health Sciences, Telethon Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Mice, Neurodevelopmental Disorder, Medicine and Health Sciences, Animals, Humans, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Neurons, Pediatric, neuronal migration, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Animal, axon guidance, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, p21-Activated Kinase, Neurosciences, Biology and Life Sciences, Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Neuron, rac GTP-Binding Proteins, Brain Disorders, RAC3, Phenotype, p21-Activated Kinases, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, small GTPase, Neurological, Congenital Structural Anomalies, Neurology (clinical), Human
Abstract

Variants in RAC3, encoding a small GTPase RAC3 which is critical for the regulation of actin cytoskeleton and intracellular signal transduction, are associated with a rare neurodevelopmental disorder with structural brain anomalies and facial dysmorphism. We investigated a cohort of 10 unrelated participants presenting with global psychomotor delay, hypotonia, behavioural disturbances, stereotyped movements, dysmorphic features, seizures and musculoskeletal abnormalities. MRI of brain revealed a complex pattern of variable brain malformations, including callosal abnormalities, white matter thinning, grey matter heterotopia, polymicrogyria/dysgyria, brainstem anomalies and cerebellar dysplasia. These patients harboured eight distinct de novo RAC3 variants, including six novel variants (NM_005052.3): c.34G > C p.G12R, c.179G > A p.G60D, c.186_188delGGA p.E62del, c.187G > A p.D63N, c.191A > G p.Y64C and c.348G > C p.K116N. We then examined the pathophysiological significance of these novel and previously reported pathogenic variants p.P29L, p.P34R, p.A59G, p.Q61L and p.E62K. In vitro analyses revealed that all tested RAC3 variants were biochemically and biologically active to variable extent, and exhibited a spectrum of different affinities to downstream effectors including p21-activated kinase 1. We then focused on the four variants p.Q61L, p.E62del, p.D63N and p.Y64C in the Switch II region, which is essential for the biochemical activity of small GTPases and also a variation hot spot common to other Rho family genes, RAC1 and CDC42. Acute expression of the four variants in embryonic mouse brain using in utero electroporation caused defects in cortical neuron morphology and migration ending up with cluster formation during corticogenesis. Notably, defective migration by p.E62del, p.D63N and p.Y64C were rescued by a dominant negative version of p21-activated kinase 1. Our results indicate that RAC3 variants result in morphological and functional defects in cortical neurons during brain development through variant-specific mechanisms, eventually leading to heterogeneous neurodevelopmental phenotypes. Scala et al. identify six de novo variants in RAC3, which encodes a small GTPase, in 10 unrelated subjects with neurodevelopmental phenotypes. In vivo and in vitro analyses in mice reveal that RAC3 variants cause morpho-functional defects in cortical neurons through variant-specific mechanisms, disrupting corticogenesis.

Published
2022

24. Variant-specific changes in RAC3 function disrupt corticogenesis in neurodevelopmental phenotypes

Author

Scala, M, Nishikawa, M, Ito, H, Tabata, H, Khan, T, Accogli, A, Davids, L, Ruiz, A, Chiurazzi, P, Cericola, G, Schulte, B, Monaghan, KG, Begtrup, A, Torella, A, Pinelli, M, Denomme-Pichon, AS, Vitobello, A, Racine, C, Mancardi, MM, Kiss, C, Guerin, A, Wu, W, Vila, EG, Mak, BC, Martinez-Agosto, JA, Gorin, MB, Duz, B, Bayram, Y, Carvalho, CMB, Vengoechea, JE, Chitayat, D, Tan, TY, Callewaert, B, Kruse, B, Bird, LM, Faivre, L, Zollino, M, Biskup, S, Striano, P, Nigro, V, Severino, M, Capra, V, Costain, G, Nagata, K-I, Scala, M, Nishikawa, M, Ito, H, Tabata, H, Khan, T, Accogli, A, Davids, L, Ruiz, A, Chiurazzi, P, Cericola, G, Schulte, B, Monaghan, KG, Begtrup, A, Torella, A, Pinelli, M, Denomme-Pichon, AS, Vitobello, A, Racine, C, Mancardi, MM, Kiss, C, Guerin, A, Wu, W, Vila, EG, Mak, BC, Martinez-Agosto, JA, Gorin, MB, Duz, B, Bayram, Y, Carvalho, CMB, Vengoechea, JE, Chitayat, D, Tan, TY, Callewaert, B, Kruse, B, Bird, LM, Faivre, L, Zollino, M, Biskup, S, Striano, P, Nigro, V, Severino, M, Capra, V, Costain, G, and Nagata, K-I

Abstract

Variants in RAC3, encoding a small GTPase RAC3 which is critical for the regulation of actin cytoskeleton and intracellular signal transduction, are associated with a rare neurodevelopmental disorder with structural brain anomalies and facial dysmorphism. We investigated a cohort of 10 unrelated participants presenting with global psychomotor delay, hypotonia, behavioural disturbances, stereotyped movements, dysmorphic features, seizures and musculoskeletal abnormalities. MRI of brain revealed a complex pattern of variable brain malformations, including callosal abnormalities, white matter thinning, grey matter heterotopia, polymicrogyria/dysgyria, brainstem anomalies and cerebellar dysplasia. These patients harboured eight distinct de novo RAC3 variants, including six novel variants (NM_005052.3): c.34G > C p.G12R, c.179G > A p.G60D, c.186_188delGGA p.E62del, c.187G > A p.D63N, c.191A > G p.Y64C and c.348G > C p.K116N. We then examined the pathophysiological significance of these novel and previously reported pathogenic variants p.P29L, p.P34R, p.A59G, p.Q61L and p.E62K. In vitro analyses revealed that all tested RAC3 variants were biochemically and biologically active to variable extent, and exhibited a spectrum of different affinities to downstream effectors including p21-activated kinase 1. We then focused on the four variants p.Q61L, p.E62del, p.D63N and p.Y64C in the Switch II region, which is essential for the biochemical activity of small GTPases and also a variation hot spot common to other Rho family genes, RAC1 and CDC42. Acute expression of the four variants in embryonic mouse brain using in utero electroporation caused defects in cortical neuron morphology and migration ending up with cluster formation during corticogenesis. Notably, defective migration by p.E62del, p.D63N and p.Y64C were rescued by a dominant negative version of p21-activated kinase 1. Our results indicate that RAC3 variants result in morphological and functional defects in cortical ne

Published
2022

36. Completion of JT-60SA construction and contribution to ITER

Author

Kamada Y., Di Pietro E., Hanada M., Barabaschi P., Ide S., Davis S., Yoshida M., Giruzzi G., Sozzi C., Abdel Maksoud W., Abe H., Aiba N., Akiyama T., Ayllon-Guerola J., Arai T., Artaud J. -F., Asakura N., Ashikawa N., Balbinot L., Bando T., Baulaigue O., Belonohy E., Bin W., Bombarda F., Bolzonella T., Bonne F., Bonotto M., Botija J., Cabrera-Perez S., Cardella A., Carraro L., Cavalier J., Chernyshova M., Chiba S., Clement-Lorenzo S., Cocilovo V., Coda S., Coelho R., Coffey I., Collin B., Corato V., Cucchiaro A., Czarski T., Dairaku M., Day C., de la Luna E., De Tommasi G., Decool P., Di Pace L., Dibon M., Disset G., Ejiri A., Endo Y., Ezumi N., Falchetto G., Fassina A., Fejoz P., Ferro A., Fietz W., Figini L., Fornal T., Frello G., Fujita T., Fukuda T., Fukui K., Fukumoto M., Furukawa M., Futatani S., Gabellieri L., Gaio E., Galazka K., Garcia J., Garcia-Dominguez J., Garcia-Lopez J., Garcia-Munoz M., Garzotti L., Gasparini F., Gharafi S., Giacomelli L., Ginoulhiac G., Giudicotti L., Guillen Gonzalez R., Hajnal N., Hall S., Hamada K., Hanada K., Hasegawa K., Hatae T., Hatakeyama S., Hauer V., Hayashi N., Hayashi T., Heller R., Higashijima S., Hinata J., Hiranai S., Hiratsuka J., Hiwatari R., Hoa C., Homma H., Honda A., Honda M., Horiike H., Hoshino K., Hurzlmeier H., Iafrati M., Ibano K., Ichige H., Ichikawa M., Ichimura M., Ida K., Idei H., Iijima T., Iio S., Ikeda R., Ikeda Y., Imai T., Imazawa R., Inagaki S., Inomoto M., Inoue S., Isayama A., Ishida S., Ishii Y., Isobe M., Janky F., Joffrin E., Jokinen A., Kado S., Kajita S., Kajiwara K., Kamata I., Kaminaga A., Kamiya K., Kanapienyte D., Kashiwa Y., Kashiwagi M., Katayama K., Kawamata Y., Kawamura G., Kawano K., Kawashima H., Kin F., Kitajima S., Kiyono K., Kizu K., Kobayashi K., Kobayashi M., Kobayashi S., Kobayashi T., Kocsis G., Koide Yo., Koide Yu., Kojima A., Kokusen S., Komuro K., Konishi S., Kovacsik A., Ksiazek I., Kubkowska M., Kuhner G., Kuramochi M., Kurihara K., Kurki-Suonio T., Kurniawan A. B., Kuwata T., Lacroix B., Lamaison V., Lampasi A., Lang P., Lauber P., Lawson K., Louzguiti A., Maekawa R., Maekawa T., Maeyama S., Maffia G., Maget P., Mailloux J., Maione I., Maistrello A., Malinowski K., Marchiori G., Marechal J. -L., Massaut V., Masuzaki S., Matsunaga G., Matsunaga S., Mayri Ch., Mattei M., Medrano M., Mele A., Meyer I., Michel F., Minami T., Miyata Y., Miyazawa J., Miyo Y., Mizuuchi T., Mogaki K., Morales J., Moreau P., Mori M., Morisaki T., Morishima S., Moriyama S., Moro A., Murakami H., Murayama M., Murakami S., Nagasaki K., Naito O., Nakamura S., Nakano T., Nakashima Y., Nardino V., Narita E., Narushima Y., Natsume K., Nemoto S., Neu R., Nicollet S., Nishikawa M., Nishimura S., Nishiura M., Nishiyama T., Nocente M., Nobuta Y., Novello L., Nunio F., Ochoa S., Ogawa T., Ogawa Y., Ohdachi S., Ohmori Y., Ohno N., Ohtani Y., Ohzeki M., Oishi T., Okano F., Okano J., Okano K., Onishi Y., Osakabe M., Oshima T., Ostuni V., Oya M., Oya Y., Oyama N., Ozeki T., Pasqualotto R., Pelli S., Peretti E., Phillips G., Piccinni C., Pigatto L., Pironti A., Pizzuto A., Plockl B., Polli G., Poncet J. -M., Ponsot P., Puiatti M., Radloff D., Raimondi V., Ramos F., Rancsik P., Ricci D., Ricciarini S., Rincon E., Romano A., Rossi P., Roussel P., Rubino G., Saeki H., Sagara A., Sakakibara S., Sakamoto H., Sakamoto M., Sakamoto Y., Sakasai A., Sakata S., Sakuma T., Sakurai S., Salanon B., Salmi A., Sannazzaro G., Sano R., Sanpei A., Sasajima T., Sasaki S., Sasao H., Sato F., Sato M., Sawahata M., Scherber A., Scully S., Seki M., Seki S., Shibama Y., Shibata Y., Shikama T., Shimada K., Shimono M., Shinde J., Shinya T., Shinohara K., Shirai H., Shiraishi J., Soare S., Soleto A., Someya Y., Streciwilk-Kowalska E., Strobel H., Sueoka M., Sukegawa A., Sulistyanintyas D., Sumida S., Sunaoshi H., Suzuki H., Suzuki M., Suzuki S., Suzuki T., Suzuki Y., Svoboda J., Szabolics T., Szepesi T., Takahashi K., Takase Y., Takechi M., Takeda K., Takeiri Y., Takenaga H., Taliercio C., Tamura N., Tanaka H., Tanaka K., Tani K., Tanigawa H., Tardocchi M., Terakado A., Terakado M., Terakado T., Teuchner B., Tilia B., Tobita K., Toi K., Toida N., Tojo H., Tokitani M., Tokuzawa T., Tormarchio V., Tomine M., Torre A., Totsuka T., Tsuchiya K., Tsujii N., Tsuru D., Tsutsui H., Uchida M., Ueda Y., Uno J., Urano H., Usui K., Utoh H., Valisa M., Vallar M., Vallcorba-Carbonell R., Vallet J. -C., Varela J., Vega J., Verrecchia M., Vieillard L., Villone F., Vincenzi P., Wada K., Wada R., Wakatsuki T., Wanner M., Watanabe F., Watanabe K., Wauters T., Wiesen S., Wischmeier M., Yagi M., Yagyu J., Yajima M., Yokooka S., Yokoyama M., Yamamoto S., Yamanaka H., Yamauchi K., Yamauchi Y., Yamazaki H., Yamazaki K., Yamazaki R., Yamoto S., Yanagi S., Yanagihara K., Yoshizawa N., Zani L., Zito P., Kamada, Y., Di Pietro, E., Hanada, M., Barabaschi, P., Ide, S., Davis, S., Yoshida, M., Giruzzi, G., Sozzi, C., Abdel Maksoud, W., Abe, H., Aiba, N., Akiyama, T., Ayllon-Guerola, J., Arai, T., Artaud, J. -F., Asakura, N., Ashikawa, N., Balbinot, L., Bando, T., Baulaigue, O., Belonohy, E., Bin, W., Bombarda, F., Bolzonella, T., Bonne, F., Bonotto, M., Botija, J., Cabrera-Perez, S., Cardella, A., Carraro, L., Cavalier, J., Chernyshova, M., Chiba, S., Clement-Lorenzo, S., Cocilovo, V., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Coffey, I., Collin, B., Corato, V., Cucchiaro, A., Czarski, T., Dairaku, M., Day, C., de la Luna, E., De Tommasi, G., Decool, P., Di Pace, L., Dibon, M., Disset, G., Ejiri, A., Endo, Y., Ezumi, N., Falchetto, G., Fassina, A., Fejoz, P., Ferro, A., Fietz, W., Figini, L., Fornal, T., Frello, G., Fujita, T., Fukuda, T., Fukui, K., Fukumoto, M., Furukawa, M., Futatani, S., Gabellieri, L., Gaio, E., Galazka, K., Garcia, J., Garcia-Dominguez, J., Garcia-Lopez, J., Garcia-Munoz, M., Garzotti, L., Gasparini, F., Gharafi, S., Giacomelli, L., Ginoulhiac, G., Giudicotti, L., Guillen Gonzalez, R., Hajnal, N., Hall, S., Hamada, K., Hanada, K., Hasegawa, K., Hatae, T., Hatakeyama, S., Hauer, V., Hayashi, N., Hayashi, T., Heller, R., Higashijima, S., Hinata, J., Hiranai, S., Hiratsuka, J., Hiwatari, R., Hoa, C., Homma, H., Honda, A., Honda, M., Horiike, H., Hoshino, K., Hurzlmeier, H., Iafrati, M., Ibano, K., Ichige, H., Ichikawa, M., Ichimura, M., Ida, K., Idei, H., Iijima, T., Iio, S., Ikeda, R., Ikeda, Y., Imai, T., Imazawa, R., Inagaki, S., Inomoto, M., Inoue, S., Isayama, A., Ishida, S., Ishii, Y., Isobe, M., Janky, F., Joffrin, E., Jokinen, A., Kado, S., Kajita, S., Kajiwara, K., Kamata, I., Kaminaga, A., Kamiya, K., Kanapienyte, D., Kashiwa, Y., Kashiwagi, M., Katayama, K., Kawamata, Y., Kawamura, G., Kawano, K., Kawashima, H., Kin, F., Kitajima, S., Kiyono, K., Kizu, K., Kobayashi, K., Kobayashi, M., Kobayashi, S., Kobayashi, T., Kocsis, G., Koide, Yo., Koide, Yu., Kojima, A., Kokusen, S., Komuro, K., Konishi, S., Kovacsik, A., Ksiazek, I., Kubkowska, M., Kuhner, G., Kuramochi, M., Kurihara, K., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kurniawan, A. 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Subjects
assembly, Cryostat, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Tokamak, Nuclear engineering, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Field coil, ITER risk mitigation, Overcurrent, law.invention, Control theory, law, Electromagnetic coil, research plan, broader approach, Voltage
Abstract

Construction of the JT-60SA tokamak was completed on schedule in March 2020. Manufacture and assembly of all the main tokamak components satisfied technical requirements, including dimensional accuracy and functional performances. Development of the plasma heating systems and diagnostics have also progressed, including the demonstration of the favourable electron cyclotron range of frequency (ECRF) transmission at multiple frequencies and the achievement of long sustainment of a high-energy intense negative ion beam. Development of all the tokamak operation control systems has been completed, together with an improved plasma equilibrium control scheme suitable for superconducting tokamaks including ITER. For preparation of the tokamak operation, plasma discharge scenarios have been established using this advanced equilibrium controller. Individual commissioning of the cryogenic system and the power supply system confirmed that these systems satisfy design requirements including operational schemes contributing directly to ITER, such as active control of heat load fluctuation of the cryoplant, which is essential for dynamic operation in superconducting tokamaks. The integrated commissioning (IC) is started by vacuum pumping of the vacuum vessel and cryostat, and then moved to cool-down of the tokamak and coil excitation tests. Transition to the super-conducting state was confirmed for all the TF, EF and CS coils. The TF coil current successfully reached 25.7 kA, which is the nominal operating current of the TF coil. For this nominal toroidal field of 2.25 T, ECRF was applied and an ECRF plasma was created. The IC was, however, suspended by an incident of over current of one of the superconducting equilibrium field coil and He leakage caused by insufficient voltage holding capability at a terminal joint of the coil. The unique importance of JT-60SA for H-mode and high-β steady-state plasma research has been confirmed using advanced integrated modellings. These experiences of assembly, IC and plasma operation of JT-60SA contribute to ITER risk mitigation and efficient implementation of ITER operation.

Published
2022
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41. The bioprinting roadmap

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Mechanobiology Laboratory, Sun, W, Starly, B, Daly, AC, Burdick, JA, Groll, J, Skeldon, G, Shu, W, Sakai, Y, Shinohara, M, Nishikawa, M, Jang, J, Cho, DW, Nie, M, Takeuchi, S, Ostrovidov, S, Khademhosseini, A, Kamm, RD, Mironov, V, Moroni, L, Ozbolat, IT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Mechanobiology Laboratory, Sun, W, Starly, B, Daly, AC, Burdick, JA, Groll, J, Skeldon, G, Shu, W, Sakai, Y, Shinohara, M, Nishikawa, M, Jang, J, Cho, DW, Nie, M, Takeuchi, S, Ostrovidov, S, Khademhosseini, A, Kamm, RD, Mironov, V, Moroni, L, and Ozbolat, IT

Abstract

© 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd. This bioprinting roadmap features salient advances in selected applications of the technique and highlights the status of current developments and challenges, as well as envisioned advances in science and technology, to address the challenges to the young and evolving technique. The topics covered in this roadmap encompass the broad spectrum of bioprinting; from cell expansion and novel bioink development to cell/stem cell printing, from organoid-based tissue organization to bioprinting of human-scale tissue structures, and from building cell/tissue/organ-on-a-chip to biomanufacturing of multicellular engineered living systems. The emerging application of printing-in-space and an overview of bioprinting technologies are also included in this roadmap. Due to the rapid pace of methodological advancements in bioprinting techniques and wide-ranging applications, the direction in which the field should advance is not immediately clear. This bioprinting roadmap addresses this unmet need by providing a comprehensive summary and recommendations useful to experienced researchers and newcomers to the field.

Published
2021

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