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Objectives: In Japan, large-scale natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis and floods frequently occur, often having devastating effects on people's lives. For this reason, it is imperative that people be prepared for disasters at an individual, family and community level in Japan. This study aims to evaluate factors associated to individual disaster preparedness among nursing university students in Japan. Methods: An anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among nursing university students in July, 2017 in Japan. The questionnaire was prepared based on questions used in previous studies by the Cabinet Office, which included perception of natural disasters and actual behaviors related to disaster preparedness. Results: The questionnaire was distributed to 215 nursing university students, and 170 were analyzed in this study. Although 91.4% of respondents showed concern for disasters and 81.2% respondents for disaster preparedness, only 50.0% respondents were aware of the location of evacuation area closest to their current residential area and 17.6% respondents had some prearranged communication method with family in the event of disaster. Respondents living alone were less likely to know the location of evacuation area (AOR: 0.217; 95% CI: 0.103, 0.459; P, 保健学研究, 33, pp.1-8; 2020

Background: Although toe grip strength has been closely associated with physical performance, the association between toe grip strength and history of falls in older adults remains unclear. The purpose of our study was to investigate the associations between physical function testing, including toe grip strength and falls in the previous 12 months, in community-dwelling frail older women. Methods: Forty-eight participants aged ?65 years who were screened by a frailty checklist were included. We compared the faller group (n=18) and non-faller group (n=30) in terms of physical function including toe grip strength, hand grip strength, five-repetition sit-to-stand test, one-leg standing duration with vision, 5-meter walk test, and timed up-and-go test, as well as history of orthopedic disease. Results: Participants in the faller group had significantly weaker left toe grip strength than those in the non-faller group (p=0.009), whereas the other physical measurements were not found to be significantly different. Regarding orthopedic disease, the faller group had a significantly higher prevalence of lumbar spine and ankle joint disease compared with the nonfaller group (p=0.025 and p=0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Left toe grip strength and lumbar spine/ankle joint disease may be the most important physical function factors for predicting falls in frail older women.

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding evidence-based practice（ EBP） in Tanzania. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire survey regarding EBP was conducted among nurses working in Muhimbili University Hospital, which is a teaching hospital, and three other non-teaching hospitals from October to December 2016. The questionnaire consisted of 10 measures regarding EBP in addition to demographic characteristics and EBP training experience. Results: A total of 143 nurses participated in the questionnaire survey regarding EBP, and 131 completed questionnaires without missing data were included in the analysis. Nurses working in Muhimbili University Hospital were more likely to receive EBP training than those working in the other institutions （chi-square test, P = 0.015）. Recognition of the importance of receiving EBP （P = 0.019）, frequency of using print information resources（ P = 0.009）, and frequency of using electronic resources （P = 0.001） were significantly higher among nurses with EBP training. Nurses with EBP training experience reported the use of greater numbers of research articles as well as printed and electronic resources for EBP. EBP training for nurses may improve the capacity for research using appropriate resources and access for EBP. Conclusion: EBP training programs should be targeted toward nurses with a diploma, those not working in Muhimbili University Hospital, and those without EBP training. The concerns of nurse managers and/or supervisors should also be addressed to achieve EBP among staff nurses in clinical settings., 保健学研究, 30, pp.11-18; 2017

Aim: This study was performed to examine associations between nursing students’ knowledge and interest regarding foreign nationals’ medical health challenges and international exchange experience among Korean and Japanese undergraduate nursing students. Methods: An anonymous self-administered structured questionnaire survey was conducted among 200 Korean nursing students in April 2016, and 78 Japanese nursing students in August 2015; both groups were in their 4th year of study at a university. The questionnaire elicited responses related to knowledge and interest regarding foreign nationals’ medical health challenges in Korea or Japan, likelihood of caring for foreign nationals as nurses, and experience related to international exchange. Results: A total of 183（ 91.5%） Korean students and 68（ 91.9%） Japanese students participated in this study. Among Korean students, 120（ 65.6%） reported being aware of foreign nationals’ medical health challenges, while only 23 （33.8%） Japanese participants gave this response. There were significant differences in knowledge and interest scores regarding foreign nationals’ medical health challenges according to experience of international exchange in both Korean and Japanese study participants （Mann?Whitney U test, P = 0.001, P = 0.003, respectively）. Korean study participants demonstrated recognition of medical health care provision for foreign nationals as nurses regardless of international exchange experience leve（l Mann?Whitney U test, P = 0.841）, although international exchange experience level was significantly related to recognition of medical health care provision for foreign nationals as nurses among Japanese nursing students（ Mann?Whitney U test, P = 0.030）. Conclusions: Korea and Japan have similar characteristics, such as homogenous and monoculture countries until recently. However, this study demonstrated differences in sensitivity and recognition regarding medical healthcare provision for foreign nationals among Korean and Japanese nursing students. It is necessary to assess the factors responsible for this difference, to prepare nursing students for medical healthcare provision in the global society., 目的?本研究は，韓国と日本の看護系大学生における外国人保健医療の知識・関心と国際交流経験の関連を検討することを目的としている．方法?韓国から2016年4月に200人，日本から2015年8月に78人の日本人看護系大学生，いずれも4年生を対象に無記名自記式質問紙による調査が実施された．質問紙内容は，外国人保健医療の知識・関心，将来的な看護職としての外国人保健医療提供可能性の自覚，国際交流経験について構成された．結果?韓国人学生183人（91.5％），日本人学生68人（91.9％）から有効回答を得た．韓国人学生中120人（65.6％）が外国人保健医療ニーズについて認識していたが，日本人学生では23人（33.8％）のみであった．両国の看護学生において，外国人保健医療の知識・関心は，国際交流経験の豊富さと関連していた（マンホ イットニーU test， P＝0.001，P＝0.003）．韓国人学生は，国際交流経験の豊富さに関係なく，将来的な看護職としての外国人保健医療提供可能性の自覚をもっていたが（Mann－Whitney U test， P＝0.841），日本人学生では，国際交流経験の豊富さが将来的な看護職としての外国人保健医療提供可能性の自覚に統計的有意に関連していた（Mann－Whitney U test， P＝0.030）．結論?韓国も日本も最近まで単一民族・文化の国であったという類似の特徴を持つが，本調査では両国の看護学生において，外国人保健医療への感度や将来的な看護職としての外国人保健医療提供可能性の自覚に違いが認められた．今後，グローバル社会における外国人保健医療に対応していくために，両国のこういった違いに影響する関連要因について詳細に検証する必要がある．, 保健学研究, 30, pp.1-10; 2017

Aim : This study was performed to examine the association between nursing students’ knowledge and interest regarding foreign resident medical health challenges and experience of international exchange as part of an evaluation of global health educational programs. Methods: An anonymous self-administered structured questionnaire survey was conducted among 78 nursing students in their 4th year of study at a university in August 2015. The questionnaire elicited responses related to knowledge and interest regarding foreign residents’ medical health challenges in Japan, likelihood of caring for foreign nationals as nurses, and experience related to international exchange. Results: Among68（91.9%） study participants, 23（33.8%） responded they were aware of medical health challenges of foreign residents. There were significant differences in knowledge and interest scores regarding foreign residents’ medical health challenges according to experience of international exchange （Mann?Whitney U test, P=0.003）. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient between level of interest regarding foreign residents’ medical health challenges in Japan, as measured using a visual analog scale（ VAS）, and international exchange experience score was 0.315（P=0.009）. Conclusions: The majority of nursing students understood the likelihood of caring for foreign nationals in medical health service provision, although they did not have interest in the associated issues. Nursing students that participated in international exchange tended to show greater interest in international/global issues, including foreign residents’ medical health challenges., 保健学研究, 29, pp.73-80; 2017

Aim : This study was performed to evaluate the means by which nursing students in one area of the Kyushu/Okinawa region, Japan, obtained information regarding human T-cell leukemia virus type 1（HTLV-1）/HTLV-1-related diseases in comparison with human immunodeficiency virus（ HIV）/acquired immune deficiency syndrome（ AIDS）. Methods : A self-administered anonymous structured questionnaire survey was conducted in August 2014 among 79 nursing students in their 4th year of study at Nagasaki University in the Kyushu/Okinawa region, Japan. The questionnaire elicited responses related to sources of information regarding HTLV-1/HTLV-1-related diseases and HIV/AIDS when the study participants were in junior high school, high school, and university. Results : A total of 60（ 75.9%）participants completed the questionnaire. All participants had opportunities to obtain information regarding HIV/AIDS between junior high school and the last 2 years of university.However, five（ 8.3%） participants reported having had no chances to obtain information regarding HTLV-1/HTLV-1-related diseases in any period. The participants with greater numbers of formal and informal information sources regarding HTLV-1/HTLV-1-related diseases in the junior high school and high school periods and of formal information sources in the university period also had greater numbers of informal information sources regarding HTLV-1/HTLV-1-related diseases in the university period （rs = 0.286, P = 0.027; rs = 0.384, P = 0.002; rs = 0.477, P < 0.001, respectively）. Conclusions : Due to the prevalence of HTLV-1 infection in Japan, education related to this virus should be provided from an early age, e.g., as part of compulsory education in junior high school. Accumulation of educational input, including early exposure, can develop a readiness among nursing students to learn about HTLV-1 infection., 保健学研究, 29, pp.67-72; 2017

Background To assess awareness of contraceptive methods, understanding of HIV/AIDS prevention and perception of HIV risk among secondary school students in Tanzania. Methods An anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among secondary school students in 2017 in Tanzania. The questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics, awareness of contraceptive methods, understanding of HIV/AIDS prevention and perception of HIV/AIDS risk. Three secondary schools in Dar es Salaam were selected considering gender balance and location, which included urban and surrounding areas. After the research objectives, methods and ethical considerations were explained, the students voluntarily completed and submitted the questionnaire in the designated place. Submission of the questionnaire was considered agreement to participate in the study. Results A total of 233 responses were collected, and 204 responses were valid for the analysis. The mean and standard deviation of age were 18.5 ± 1.0. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient between understanding of HIV/AIDS prevention and perception of HIV/AIDS risk was ρ=0.184 (P=0.036). However, there was no correlation between awareness of contraceptive methods and understanding of HIV/AIDS prevention (ρ=0.019, P=0.782) or perception of HIV/AIDS risk (ρ=-0.138 P=0.116). Regardless of gender, age, religion, and major course of study, mother’s educational status (β=0.150, P=0.031 and β=0.232, P=0.034, respectively) and the number of information sources (β=0.584, P

保健学研究, 28, pp.47-53; 2016

Questions regarding social support in the present study by category. (DOCX 15 kb)