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18. Synonymization of key pest species within the Bactrocera dorsalis species complex (Diptera: Tephritidae): Taxonomic changes based on a review of 20 years of integrative morphological, molecular, cytogenetic, behavioural and chemoecological data

Author

Schutze, Mark K., Aketarawong, N., Amornsak, W., Armstrong, K. F., Augustinos, A. A., Barr, N., Bo, W., Bourtzis, K., Boykin, L. M., Cáceres, C., Cameron, S. L., Chapman, T. A., Chinvinijkul, S., Chomič, A., De Meyer, M., Drosopoulou, E., Englezou, A., Ekesi, S., Gariou-Papalexiou, A., Geib, S. M., Hailstones, D., Hasanuzzaman, M., Haymer, D., Hee, A. K. W., Hendrichs, J., Jessup, A., Ji, Q., Khamis, F. M., Krosch, M. N., Leblanc, L., Mahmood, K., Malacrida, A. R., Mavragani-Tsipidou, P., Mwatawala, M., Nishida, R., Ono, H., Reyes, J., Rubinoff, D., San Jose, M., Shelly, T. E., Srikachar, S., Tan, K. H., Thanaphum, S., Haq, I., Vijaysegaran, S., Wee, S. L., Yesmin, F., Zacharopoulou, A., Clarke, A. R., Schutze, Mark K., Aketarawong, N., Amornsak, W., Armstrong, K. F., Augustinos, A. A., Barr, N., Bo, W., Bourtzis, K., Boykin, L. M., Cáceres, C., Cameron, S. L., Chapman, T. A., Chinvinijkul, S., Chomič, A., De Meyer, M., Drosopoulou, E., Englezou, A., Ekesi, S., Gariou-Papalexiou, A., Geib, S. M., Hailstones, D., Hasanuzzaman, M., Haymer, D., Hee, A. K. W., Hendrichs, J., Jessup, A., Ji, Q., Khamis, F. M., Krosch, M. N., Leblanc, L., Mahmood, K., Malacrida, A. R., Mavragani-Tsipidou, P., Mwatawala, M., Nishida, R., Ono, H., Reyes, J., Rubinoff, D., San Jose, M., Shelly, T. E., Srikachar, S., Tan, K. H., Thanaphum, S., Haq, I., Vijaysegaran, S., Wee, S. L., Yesmin, F., Zacharopoulou, A., and Clarke, A. R.

Abstract

Bactrocera papayae Drew & Hancock, Bactrocera philippinensis Drew & Hancock, Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock, and Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta & White are four horticultural pest tephritid fruit fly species that are highly similar, morphologically and genetically, to the destructive pest, the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae). This similarity has rendered the discovery of reliable diagnostic characters problematic, which, in view of the economic importance of these taxa and the international trade implications, has resulted in ongoing difficulties for many areas of plant protection and food security. Consequently, a major international collaborative and integrated multidisciplinary research effort was initiated in 2009 to build upon existing literature with the specific aim of resolving biological species limits among B. papayae, B. philippinensis, B. carambolae, B. invadens and B. dorsalis to overcome constraints to pest management and international trade. Bactrocera philippinensis has recently been synonymized with B. papayae as a result of this initiative and this review corroborates that finding; however, the other names remain in use. While consistent characters have been found to reliably distinguish B. carambolae from B. dorsalis, B. invadens and B. papayae, no such characters have been found to differentiate the latter three putative species. We conclude that B. carambolae is a valid species and that the remaining taxa, B. dorsalis, B. invadens and B. papayae, represent the same species. Thus, we consider B. dorsalis (Hendel) as the senior synonym of B. papayae Drew and Hancock syn.n. and B. invadens Drew, Tsuruta & White syn.n. A redescription of B. dorsalis is provided. Given the agricultural importance of B. dorsalis, this taxonomic decision will have significant global plant biosecurity implications, affecting pest management, quarantine, international trade, postharvest treatment and basic research. Throug

Published
2015

24. Influence of SNPs in cytokine-related genes on the severity of food allergy and atopic eczema in children

Author

Negoro, T., Orihara, Kanami, Irahara, T., Nishiyama, H., Hagiwara, K., Nishida, R., Takagi, H., Satoh, K., Yamamoto, Y., Shimizu, S., Hagiwara, T., Ishii, M., Tanioka, T., Nakano, Y., Takeda, K., Yoshimura, I., Iikura, Y., and Tobe, T.

Subjects
Allergy, Immunoglobulin E, Liver Diseases/etiology, Severity of Illness Index, Atopy, Risk Factors, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Child, Food Hypersensitivity/epidemiology/etiology/*genetics, biology, Liver Diseases, Interleukin-4/genetics, Receptors, IgE/genetics, Interleukin-10, Immunoglobulin E/biosynthesis, Air Pollution, Indoor, Child, Preschool, Cytokines, Food Hypersensitivity, Adolescent, Immunology, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Dermatitis, Atopic, Food allergy, Severity of illness, Dermatitis, Atopic/epidemiology/etiology/*genetics, SNP, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Interleukin-10/physiology, business.industry, Receptors, IgE, Receptors, Interleukin-4/genetics, medicine.disease, Receptors, Interleukin-4, Attitude, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, biology.protein, Cytokines/*genetics, Liver function, STAT6 Transcription Factor/genetics, Interleukin-4, business, STAT6 Transcription Factor
Abstract

Although many single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) studies have reported an association of atopy, allergic diseases and total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, almost all of these studies sought risk factors for the onset of these allergic diseases. Furthermore, many studies have analyzed a single gene and hardly any have analyzed environmental factors. In these analyses, the results could be masked and the effects of other genes and environmental factors may be decreased. Here, we described the correlation between four genes [interleukin (IL)-4 (C-590T), IL-4 receptor (A1652G), FCER1B (G6842A) and STAT6 (G2964A)] in connection with IgE production; the role of IL-10 (C-627A) as a regulatory cytokine of allergy; and the severity of food allergy (FA) and atopic eczema (AE) in 220 Japanese allergic children. In addition to these SNPs, environmental factors, i.e., patient's attitude, indoor environment, and so on, were also investigated in this study. Our study was retrospective, and the correlation was analyzed by our defined clinical scores divided into three terms: worst symptoms, recent symptoms and general amelioration at the most recent examination during the disease course. Our results indicated that IL-10 AA, the genotype with lower IL-10 production, is associated with higher IgE levels in the serum (p < 0.0001, estimate; 0.912). Marginal liver abnormalities were observed in the subject group with both FA and AE (p < 0.1191, estimate; 0.1490). Our defined clinical scores enabled evaluation of various aspects of disease severity. Based on the scores, while no single SNP selected in this study determined severity, the combination of the SNP with laboratory data and environmental factors appeared to determine severity.

Published
2006

31. Small scale noise and wind tunnel tests of upper surface blowing nozzle flap concepts. Volume 1. Aerodynamic test results

Author

Renselaer, D. J, Nishida, R. S, and Wilkin, C. A

Subjects
Aerodynamics
Abstract

The results and analyses of aerodynamic and acoustic studies conducted on the small scale noise and wind tunnel tests of upper surface blowing nozzle flap concepts are presented. Various types of nozzle flap concepts were tested. These are an upper surface blowing concept with a multiple slot arrangement with seven slots (seven slotted nozzle), an upper surface blowing type with a large nozzle exit at approximately mid-chord location in conjunction with a powered trailing edge flap with multiple slots (split flow or partially slotted nozzle). In addition, aerodynamic tests were continued on a similar multi-slotted nozzle flap, but with 14 slots. All three types of nozzle flap concepts tested appear to be about equal in overall aerodynamic performance but with the split flow nozzle somewhat better than the other two nozzle flaps in the landing approach mode. All nozzle flaps can be deflected to a large angle to increase drag without significant loss in lift. The nozzle flap concepts appear to be viable aerodynamic drag modulation devices for landing.

Published
1975

46. Esophageal varices in rat models of liver cirrhosis.

Author

Nishida, Ryuichi, Inoue, Ryoichi, Takimoto, Yukinobu, Kita, Toru, Nishida, R, Inoue, R, Takimoto, Y, and Kita, T

Abstract

Animal models resembling the human situation are very useful to investigate human disease. However, there has been no evidence of esophageal varices in rats with liver cirrhosis. In the present study, to determine whether intrahepatic portal hypertension produced by liver cirrhosis induces esophageal varices in rats, the esophagus was examined endoscopically in rat models of liver cirrhosis. All rats given carbon tetrachloride or thioacetamide and six of seven rats given a choline-deficient diet had esophageal varices or venous dilatation after 16 weeks of treatment, although the varices in one rat given carbon tetrachloride and in two rats given a choline-deficient diet were reduced from weeks 16 to 18. These findings suggest that timing is important when studying esophageal varices in rat models of liver cirrhosis. It is concluded that certain models of liver cirrhosis in rats could be used as models of esophageal varices due to intrahepatic portal hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1998
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