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Petroleum ether (PE), chloroform (CHCl3), and methanol (CH3OH) extracts of the whole chickpea plant Cicer arietinum (L.) have been tested against adult beetles of Callosobruchus chinensis (L.), Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) through dose-mortality and repellent activity tests. In dose mortality tests, the PE extracts of C. arietinum gave LD50 values of 3.466, 3.292, 2.721, 2.398, 1.887, 1.663 and 1.428 mg/cm2 against C. chinensis and 4.297, 3.415, 2.246, 1.725, 1.384, 0.984 and 0.722 mg/cm2 against S. oryzae both after 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 h of exposures, respectively. The CHCl3 extracts gave LD50 values of 5.242, 4.844, 3.472, 2.945, 2.540, 1.875, 1.295 and 1.053 mg/cm2 against C. chinensis after 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 h of exposures, respectively. The CH3OH extracts, on the other hand, yielded LD50 values of 0.923, 0.757, 0.649, 0.515, 0.400, 0.303, 0.247 and 0.197 mg/cm2 against C. chinensis, 4.227, 3.528, 3.454, 2.933, 2.493, 2.187, 1.938 and 1.724 mg/cm2 against S. oryzae and 3.485, 3.176, 2.851, 1.531, 1.113, 0.756, 0.534 and 0.478 mg/cm2 against T. castaneum adults after 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 h of exposures, respectively. However, the PE extracts of C. arietinum did not show any mortality against T. castaneum and the CHCl3 extracts were inactive against S. oryzae and T. castaneum adults. In repellency tests, all three organic extracts did not show any repellency against the test beetles. According to their intensity of activities, the extracts could be arranged in the following descending order: CH3OH extracts against C. chinensis > CH3OH extracts against T. castaneum > PE extracts against S. oryzae > CHCl3 extracts against C. chinensis > PE extracts against C. chinensis > CH3OH extracts against S. oryzae adults. The present results indicate that the test plant C. arietinum contains bioactive compounds and could be used as a source of control agents for the stored product pests. J Bio-Sci. 30(1): 91-100, 2022 (June)

Amniotic band syndrome (ABS) is a rare, but serious congenital syndrome complex. It is associated with a wide range of fetal structural anomalies, notably craniofacial and limb anomalies. Early prenatal diagnosis is important to provide accurate information to the parents, predict the prognosis and in some cases perform in-utero lysis of the bands to restore the blood flow to the affected limb. A postnatal multidisciplinary approach involving vascular decompression, reconstructive surgery, prosthesis, and physiotherapy are some of the therapeutic options. It is necessary to consider ABS in prenatal screening with a high index of suspicion as early screening can allow a timely therapeutic strategy and reduce the severity of the associated defects.

Al Yaqoubi HN, Fatema N, Al Fahdi BS. A case of craniopagus parasiticus: an antenatal diagnosis by ultrasound screening at 16 weeks of gestation and a literature review of recently reported cases. Turk J Pediatr 2019; 61: 941-945. Craniopagus parasiticus (CP) is a rare type of malformation of conjoined twins, with one degenerated or underdeveloped parasite twin united at the cranium with the other fully developed twin. Only a handful of cases have been documented in the literature to date. The incidence of this rare deformity is approximately 4 to 6 out of every 10,000,000 live births. We report on a case of CP, diagnosed at 16 weeks of gestation by ultrasound screening. To the best of our knowledge, the case that we present is the first CP case that was diagnosed at such an early gestational age. The formed fetus was found to harbour complex cardiac anomalies. In view of poor prognosis of survival after delivery and upon permission from the couple, the pregnancy was terminated at 17 weeks of gestation.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the role of 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHP) as an adjuvant therapy with cervical cerclage for prevention of preterm delivery. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study from July 2010 to December 2014 on patients who received 17-OHP with cervical cerclage (group 1). This group was compared to matched control patients who had cervical cerclage only (group 2). The maternal and fetal outcomes were compared between the two groups. All data were collected using SPSS ® Mac version 23. Results: A total of 122 singleton pregnant women with cervical cerclage were observed; among them, 64 patients used 17-OHP with cerclage, and 58 patients received cerclage only. Our analysis demonstrated that there was no significant difference in the outcome between the two groups. Characteristics compared in both groups such as cervical length, miscarriage rates, gestational age at time of delivery, mode of delivery, and other variables did not meet any statistical significance. Preterm outcome at 37, above 37, and below 37 weeks, was similar in both groups. In fetal outcome, the only statistical difference was the Apgar score of neonates at 1 min that was better in group 1 (P = 0.04), but at 5 min, the Apgar score did not show any difference (P = 0.7). Conclusions: In our study, we found no additional benefits of adjuvant 17-OHP on maternal, fetal outcome, or preterm delivery outcome in comparison to cervical cerclage alone. More prospective randomized studies are recommended to further investigate this matter. J Clin Gynecol Obstet. 2017;6(1):12-16 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jcgo422w

Key Clinical Message Simultaneous presence of intra‐ and extra‐uterine pregnancies have been known as heterotopic pregnancy (HP); the condition which is extremely rare with natural conception. Our aim is to increase the obstetrician's awareness to increase the level of positive outcome in such rare events.

Cesarean scar endometriosis is an uncommon disorder developed due to iatrogenic implantation of endometrial tissues in the cesarean incision site. The frequency of the scar endometriosis is assumed to increase because of the increasing trend of lower segment cesarean section in modern obstetric practice. Cesarean section might be a great risk factor for the development of scar endometriosis due to higher exposure of endometrial cells to the subcutaneous tissue during the procedure. Prevention of decidual cell contamination to the superficial abdominal layers may reduce the occurrence of iatrogenic scar endometriosis. We reported a 21-year old para 2 woman with a history of cesarean section 2.5 years back who presented with a small mass at the middle of the cesarean scar which was associated with pain and blood-stained discharge during menstruation. Based on clinical and USG findings the provisional diagnosis was made scar endometriosis and subsequently we managed her by wide local excision of the lesion followed by adjuvant hormone therapy. No recurrence of scar endometriosis was observed during her follow up period.

Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) is a very rare congenital condition of unknown etiology. It is characterized by abdominal distension caused by a markedly distended, nonobstructed urinary bladder, microcolon, and intestinal hypoperistalsis with functional intestinal obstruction. MMIHS usually has a fatal prognosis and in most of the cases infants die within the early months of their lives; nevertheless, there are some case reports of long-term survival.

Meckel–Gruber syndrome (MGS) is a rare and lethal ciliopathic disorder, with the incidence ranging between 1 in 13 000–400 000 live births. MGS is characterized by multisystem developmental malformations with the classical features of renal cystic dysplasia, occipital encephalocele and post-axial polydactyly. Except for occipital encephalocele, the CNS abnormalities associated with MGS that are less frequently reported include hydrocephaly, anencephaly or malformation of cerebellum. Our presented case of MGS is associated with anencephaly and other facial abnormalities. This kind of ailment is infrequently reported in literature.

Vaginal evisceration of small bowel through vaginal cuff dehiscence after total abdominal hysterectomy is a rare complication in case of pre-menopausal women, which is sporadically mentioned in the literature. We have reported a case of small bowel evisceration through vaginal cuff dehiscence within two hours of first vaginal intercourse following 48 days of Radical hysterectomy which was indicative for grade III endometrial adenocarcinoma and then followed by 10 days’ adjuvant chemotherapy. We escort the patient immediately to the tertiary center for multidisciplinary management. An emergency exploratory laparotomy was performed, and after reposition of the small bowel, the vaginal vault was repaired with interrupted sutures using Vicryl-1. The patient was discharged on 9th post-operative day in good condition. As because the post-coital vaginal evisceration through vaginal cuff dehiscence is a modifiable risk factor, we are highlighting on the counseling to avoid early coitus after hysterectomy especially in case of patients with endometrial carcinoma and on adjuvant chemotherapy. In such case, early coitus may arise potential life threatening surgical emergency. So, we suggest arranging appropriate counseling for the patient and her spouse, after gynaecological oncology surgery to resume their coital activity minimum after 8-12 weeks’ post-surgery.

Ovarian masses ≥5 cm in diameter have been found in only 0.04–0.05% of pregnant women. Most of the adnexal masses encountered during pregnancy are simple cysts