Search

Postnatal period is commonly neglected part of health care where Postnatal Complications are common due to lack of early and timely systemic postnatal interventions that are the main cause for maternal morbidity and mortality in India and all over the world. Many researchers have proved the systemic postnatal care outcomes of postnatal care and reduce incidence of postnatal complications and promoted early discharge. There are many researches done on standards nursing care protocol to evaluate the quality care, the investigator has selected only satisfaction of comprehensive postnatal aspects of maternal health to find satisfaction of postnatal mother. The main objectives of the study is to determine satisfaction after implementation of CPNS by the nurses in the study group and to compare the satisfaction of postnatal nursing problems among postnatal mothers in the control group and in study group, find the association of selected demographic variables of nurses and satisfaction of Postnatal Nursing Problems in the study and control group. About 174 out of that 86 sample in study group and 88 sample of control group were selected conveniently from total of 24 maternity centers of Bangalore Bruhat Mahanagar pallikae. Postnatal mothers were chosen as per staff inspection committee norms ratio of 1:5 i.e. that was sample of one nurse: five postnatal mothers were selected, therefore for 86 nurses 430 postnatal mothers were chosen for study group, 88 nurses for 440 postnatal mothers in control group were included as per inclusive criteria. Sample selection done by non-probability convenient sampling as per inclusive criteria were chosen and postnatal mothers after delivery. An Non-equivalent control group only post-test designs were selected for the study with the study and control group that had only post test conducted for both groups with intervention as implementation of comprehensive postnatal nursing care strategies was done only for the study group, data collection using interview schedules were prepared on selected demographic variables of postnatal mothers and nurses assess the satisfaction of comprehensive postnatal nursing care among the postnatal mothers. The collected data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics, demographic variables were analyzed using frequency and percentage. The Chi-square test was performed to assess the significance of the proportion of postnatal mothers according to their demographic characteristics in between the study and control group. The t-test for comparison of means of two independent population was carried out to find out the significant difference between satisfaction level in study and control group, it was found to be significant (t=50.63, p, {"references":["WHO (2013), \"WHO recommendations on postnatal care of the mother and newborn\", WHO, ISBN: 978 92 4 150664 9, pp. 62.","Jipi Varghese and K. Rajagopal (2012), \"Evaluate the level of satisfaction perceived by postnatal mothers following nursing care in postnatal wards as expressed themselves: Pilot Study\", J. of Biology, Agri. and healthcare, Volume 2, Issue 6, pp. 101-112, p-ISSN 2224-3208, e-ISSN 2225-093X. USAID (2014) maternal health vision Ending Preventable Maternal Mortality.","Umar N. Jibril, Garba N. Saleh, Joel LAfolayan, Rejuaro Morisola, Aliyu Umar and Durojaiye Abiola (January-June, 2017), \"National Health Impact of Health Education Intervention on Knowledge and Utilization of Postnatal Care Services among Women in Education Local Government of Kwara State, Nigeria\", J. of Basic and Clini. Reproduc. Sci., Volume 6, Issue 1, pp. 31-36, DOI:10.4103/2278-960X.194496."]}

The focus of this study to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding schizophrenia and its home care management among care givers accompanying the schizophrenia patients attending OPD in selected hospitals Bangalore”. Mental illness is a major problem all over the world. Studies from developed countries have reported a prevalence rate of 15 per 1000 population. In India the reported rate is 73 per 1000 population. Worldwide, the prevalence rate of schizophrenia is approximately 1.1% or 51 million people. However in India 4.3 to 8.7 million people, in china 6 to 12 million people, in USA 2.2 million people, in Australia 285000 people, in Canada Over 280000 people, and in Britain Over 250000 diagnosed as schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a brain disorder that affects the way a person acts, thinks, and sees the world. People with schizophrenia have an altered perception of reality, often significant loss of contact with reality., {"references":["Jonna Perälä, Lehtinen V, Veijola J, Lindholm T, Moving J, Puukka P & Vaisanen E. Epidemiology of Psychotic Disorders. National Institute for Health and Welfare. 2013; 1(15432): pp. 672-678.","Ganguli H. C. Epidemiological findings on prevalence of mental disorders in India. Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 2010; 421: pp. 14-20.","Saint Antonio behavioral health care hospital. Understanding schizophernia. http://www.sanantoniobehavioral.com/node/1416 (accessed 18 January 2017).","Shihabuddeen ITM & Gopinath PS. Group meeting of caretakers of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar mood disorders. Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 2008; 47: pp. 153-56.","Stuart GW & Laraia MT. Principles and practice of psychiatric nursing. Missouri: 7th edition. Mosby; 2012.","Painuly N, Gupta N & Avasthi A. Concept and management of treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 2014; 46(2): pp. 125-134.","Knapp M, King D, Pugner K & Lapuerta P. Non-adherence to antipsychotic medication regimens; association with resource use and costs. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2014; 184: pp. 509-516.","Avasthi A & Singh G. Schizophrenia research: Indian scene in last decade. Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 2014; 46(2): pp. 115-124.","Schizophrenia. Available from: URL:http://:www.schizophrenia.com","Segal J, Smith M, Kemp G, Larson H & Jaffe J. understanding schizophrenia; emotional intelligence centre 2013; [1-3screen] Available from: URL:http://:www.understandingschizophrenia.com"]}

Future of a country is in the hands of healthy people. Pregnancy and child birth are the most is important event of women life. Mother who is conceiving for the first time is having less knowledge regarding pregnancy. In this research the researcher used a teaching strategy to improve the knowledge of the pregnant mothers regarding gestational trophoblastic disease. The present study 84% of the participants had inadequate knowledge regarding gestational trophoblastic disease before the implementation of structured teaching programme. But after the implementation of structured teaching programme18% of them had moderately adequate knowledge and 82% of them had adequate knowledge. The overall mean knowledge scores in the pre-test was 8.22 with standard deviation of 1.28.The overall mean knowledge in the post test was 24.44 with standard deviation of 4.07, The obtained ‘t’ value for pre-test and post-test was 25.94 which is greater than table value and found to be significant at the level of p, {"references":["Dilip.k, Pandey Ralph s, Freedam and Vicki V Baker. Gestational Trophoblastic Disease, obstetrics and Gynaecology clinics of North America, 23:2: June 1996.","Savitri Kabade, P. S. Kenchannavar, Venkatesh. Anesthetic management of gestational trophoblastic disease with hyperthyroidism. JEMDS 2014; 3(9):. https://www.jemds.com/latest-articles.php?at_id=3360 (accessed 30 December 2017).","Hertig AT. Human Trophoblast coated by Charles B Hammond. Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, History of current understanding. obstetrics and gynaecology clinics of North America.1988;153:435-439.","Mariam Zachariah, Stephy. A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding urinary tract infection during pregnancy among pregnant mothers in selected hospitals","Himanshu Vyas, Aashish Parihar, Naveen Kumar Sharma. Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on Knowledge regarding Non pharmacological Techniques of relieving labor pain among pregnant women, IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science Nov-Dec 2013;vol. 2, issue.6,p:50-4.AvailablefromURL:http://iosrjournals.org/iosr-jnhs/papers/vol2-issue6/H0265054.pdf?id=7247.","Santhiland Kokilvani. Astudy to assess the effectiveness of video teaching programme on physical care of newborn among primigravida mothers admitted in urban health maternity centre, Tamilnadu. 19 Jun 2013Volume.1, issue.8, p:1- 9."]}

Burn injuries continue to cause morbidity and mortality internationally. Despite international collaborations and preventative measures, there are still many cases reported in high- and low-income countries.The treatment of these patients is often protracted and requires extensive resources. The adequate resuscitation of these patients coupled with meticulous wound care can have a huge impact on their outcome. Considering the scenario, the present study “A study to assess the effectiveness of self-instructional booklet on knowledge regarding the importance of fluid management in burns patients among 3rd year B.Sc. Nursing students in selected nursing colleges Bangalore” was selected to impart knowledge among 3rd year B.Sc. Nursing students. A quantitative research approach and a pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test design was adopted for the study, Pender’s Health Promotion Model was used as a conceptual framework for the study. Non- Probability Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample of 60, 3rd year B.Sc. Nursing students. The tool for data collection was validated by the experts and reliability was established through split half method by using Karl’s Pearson and Spearman Browns correlation formula. A structured knowledge questionnaire was used to collect the data from 3rd year B.Sc. Nursing students before and after administration of awareness package. The collected data was analyzed and interpreted as per objectives of the study by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study findings showed that, the mean difference between pre-test and post-test level knowledge was 10.43 with mean percentage difference of 34.7 and the obtained paired t- test value was 53.88. It was evident that the awareness package was significantly effective on improving the knowledge regarding the importance of fluid management in burns patients among 3rd year B.Sc. Nursing students. In aspect of association, there was a significant association between mean difference level of knowledge with age, gender, religion, educational background and clinical exposure. The study attempt used to assess the effectiveness of self-instructional booklet on knowledge regarding the importance of fluid management in burns patients among 3rd year B.Sc. Nursing students and found that the developed self-instructional booklet was effective in improving the knowledge of 3rd year B.Sc. Nursing students regarding the importance of fluid management in burns patients., {"references":["Textbook of medical surgical nursing. Smeltzer Bare Hinkle Cheever, Volume -2, 11thEdtion. 2006: pp. 1995.","En.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burn.","www.medicinenet.com › skin az list › burns index.","Epidemiology of burns in a teaching hospital in south India. Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery. 2008; 1: pp. 34-37.","Robert OliverJR-Resu citation and early management of burns Med scape Reference. June 2009, e-Journal.","Polit E & Beck T. Nursing Research. 8thed. NewYork; Lippincott Williams And Wilkins. 2008: pp. 105.","George E & Bala S. Application of health promotion model. Indian journal of contentious Nursing education. 2010 Dec; 14: pp. 13-1","Shehan Heltiaratchy & Peter Dziewulski, ABC of Burns‖BMJ. 2004; 328(7452): pp: 1366.","Joyce. M. Black. Medical and Surgical Nursing. 7th Edition. 2(1433): pp. 1442-1446.","Pruitt BA. Protection from excessive resuscitation. \"Pushing the Pendulum Back.\" J Trauma. 2000; 49: pp. 567–8."]}

Oral cancer may begin in tongue and floor of the mouth. It is the most common cancers seen in both Indian men and women as can be gauged from the records of the National Cancer Registry Programmer. India has one of the highest incidences of oral cancer. In the rural community most of the adults have the habit of using the tobacco either in any of the form including both men and women, it is the responsibility of the adults to know regarding tobacco use and its side effects. Since tobacco use for long time may cause oral cancer the adults have lack of knowledge and different attitudes towards tobacco use and oral cancer. An evaluative approach with one group pre-test post-test design in quasi experimental design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of Mass Awareness Program regarding oral cancer among adults. The study was conducted in Kumbalagudu, Bengaluru. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 60 samples. The tool used in the data collection was structured knowledge questionnaire and modified Likert’s attitude scale, which compromised 10 demographic items, 20 items on oral cancer, 15 attitude statements. The reliability of the tool was established by Split Half technique, with ‘r=.85’ for knowledge and “r=0.914” for attitude scale. The pre-test was administered to 60 adults followed by the Mass Awareness Program on the same day and after 7 days post-test was conducted to the same samples using the same tool. Data gathered was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in terms of frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, paired‘t’ test, chi-square test and correlation coefficient. Hence the findings revealed that Mass Awareness program was effective in enhancement of knowledge and changing attitude regarding oral cancer among adults., {"references":["Lewis, Heitkemper, Dirkesen, Brien & Burber. Medical Surgical Nursing. 7th edition: Mosby Publications. 2009: pp. 1001-1003.","Richards. M.A. The National Awareness and Early Diagnosis initiative in England. British Journal of Cancer. 2009; 71(450): pp. 101. Available from URL: http://www.pubmed.com","Tobacco free initiative, World Health Organization {online} 2009 Sep: pp. 48. Available from: URL:http://www.google.com","Nanda kumar. A, thimma shetty, Sreerama reddy, Venugopal T.C. & Rajanna. British journal of Cancer. 2010; 62: pp. 847-857. Available from: URL:http://bjccancer.com","Sherin. N, Sini T, Shameena P.M & Sudha S. Changing trends in oral cancer. Indian journal of cancer. 2008: 45(30); pp.93-96. Available from: URL:http://www.icmr.nic.in"]}

The focus of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding prevention of neonatal hypothermia among pregnant mothers at Kengeri PHC, Bangalore. Hypothermia is prevalent in infants born at hospitals (prevalence range, 32% to 85%) and homes (prevalence range, 11% to 92%), even in tropical environments. The studies samples are 50 mothers.Major findings of the study subjects 27 (54%) belong to the age group of 21-25 years. Subjects 38 (76%) were Hindu, 7(14%) were Muslims, and 5(10%) were Christians. Subjects19 (38%) were high school and PUC attended and 12(24%) graduates. Subjects 19 (38%) were house wives. Subjects 19 (38%) were having income range from Rs.7000-Rs.10, 000. Subjects 35(70%) were belongs to nuclear family. Subjects 38(76%) were living in urban area. Subjects 22 (44%) were getting information from television. Subjects 20 (40%) were belongs to 30 -32 weeks of gestation. Conclusion: Out of 50 mothers 26 were having inadequate, 24 were having moderate knowledge and none of them have adequate knowledge before planned teaching programme. The overall post test level of knowledge reveals that majority 49(98%) had adequate knowledge and 1(2%) had moderately adequate knowledge regarding neonatal hypothermia among pregnant mothers. Paired ‘t’ test revealed that the pretest mean score of knowledge was 8.92 with S.D 2.99 and the post test mean score of knowledge was 18.68 with S.D 1.25. The mean difference was 9.76 and the calculated paired ‘t’ value of t = 21.002 was found to be statistically significant at p, {"references":["Laurie Davis. Daily movement counting- A valuable assessment tool. Journal of Nurse Midwifery 1987Jan-Feb; 32(1): pp. 11-19. Available from: http://www.science direct.com/. Accessed September 02, 2008.","Heazelletal. Midwives' and obstetricians' knowledge and management of women presenting with decreased fetal movements. Obstetrical and Gynaecological survey. 2006 Aug; 63(8): pp. 484-86.","Steen Neldam. Fetal movement as an indicator of fetal wellbeing. The Lancet. 1980 June; 315: pp. 1222-34. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com.Accessed on 08/09/08.","Varney's Text Book of Midwifery, fourth edition. Medical Book Publishers. 2005; 632.","Current Scientific research conferencesabout decreased fetal movement. Available from: http://www.infoplease.com/images/03/atlas. Accessed August 11, 2008.","Singh Neelima, Ponna Satyendranath & Rani Rajeshwari K. Efficacy of structured teaching programme on home care management of urinary tract infection in primigravida mothers: a tertiary hospital study. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology. 10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20173606. (Accessed 10 October 2017).","Sujita Ningthoujam & Bhore Dr Nilima. To Prepare and Test Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Postnatal Care (Pilot Phase). International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR). 5. 819-822. (Accessed 10 October 2017)."]}

The focus of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding prevention of neonatal hypothermia among pregnant mothers at Kengeri PHC, Bangalore. Hypothermia is prevalent in infants born at hospitals (prevalence range, 32% to 85%) and homes (prevalence range, 11% to 92%), even in tropical environments. The studies samples are 50 mothers.Major findings of the study subjects 27 (54%) belong to the age group of 21-25 years. Subjects 38 (76%) were Hindu, 7(14%) were Muslims, and 5(10%) were Christians. Subjects19 (38%) were high school and PUC attended and 12(24%) graduates. Subjects 19 (38%) were house wives. Subjects 19 (38%) were having income range from Rs.7000-Rs.10, 000. Subjects 35(70%) were belongs to nuclear family. Subjects 38(76%) were living in urban area. Subjects 22 (44%) were getting information from television. Subjects 20 (40%) were belongs to 30 -32 weeks of gestation. Conclusion: Out of 50 mothers 26 were having inadequate, 24 were having moderate knowledge and none of them have adequate knowledge before planned teaching programme. The overall post test level of knowledge reveals that majority 49(98%) had adequate knowledge and 1(2%) had moderately adequate knowledge regarding neonatal hypothermia among pregnant mothers. Paired ‘t’ test revealed that the pretest mean score of knowledge was 8.92 with S.D 2.99 and the post test mean score of knowledge was 18.68 with S.D 1.25. The mean difference was 9.76 and the calculated paired ‘t’ value of t = 21.002 was found to be statistically significant at p

Substance abuse is harmful not only to the individual but also to family and society at large scale. Substance abuse is one of the serious problems affecting youth in the world. The increasing problem of substance abuse and dependence has drawn both public and scientific attention to be focused. According to world health organization and the American Psychiatric Association, drug abuse is the illicit consumption of naturally occurring or pharmaceutical substances for the purpose of changing the way in which a person feels, think or behaves, without understanding or taking into consideration the damaging, physical and mental side effects that are caused. A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding substance abuse among adolescents in selected nursing schools, Bangalore. An evaluative approach and quasi-experimental design that is one group pre-test and post-test design, Pender’s Health Promotional Model was adopted for the study. A total number of 60 adolescents were selected by non-probability convenience sampling technique. Structured knowledge questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge in pre-test which is followed by implementation of structured teaching programme. The post-test was conducted after 7 days using the same structured knowledge questionnaire to find out the effectiveness of STP. The results were described by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result showed that the average pre-test score of 9.16±2.54 but after administration of STP, the result showed the average post-test score of 21.11±3.41. STP was found to be effective in improving the knowledge of nursing students regarding substance abuse with paired t value of 48.79 which is above the table value of 2.6 at P=0.05 level of significant. Thus, the study concluded that STP was significantly effective in improving the knowledge of the adolescents regarding substance abuse and ways to prevent it which in turn contribute to improve their lifestyle, well-being, education and good citizens., {"references":["WHO. Report of a WHO/UN/UNICEF Study Group on Programming for Adolescent Health, 2011.","WHO – http://www.int/substance_abuse/facts/global_burden/en/, February 25, 2005.","World Health Organization. International Substance abuse Day. Nursing Journal of India June 1992; LXXXIII(5): pp. 130.","Drug Abuse and Consequences. [Internet].Available from: http://www.tocuana.com.htm.Substance Abuse- Trends in Substance use, approaches to preventing Substance Abuse, Child Development Reference, Volume 7. [Internet]. Available from: http://social.jrank.org/pages/625/Substance-Abuse.html","Polit D.F. & Hungler B.P. Nursing research principles and methods. 6thed. Philadelphia:J.B.Lippincott company. 2000.","Mary C. Townsend, Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing: Concept of Care by Evidenced Based Care, 8th edition.","Vasantha Jayaram, Anandram T.S.J., Anand Balan & Basham V.S.P. A study on substance abuse. Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 45(3).","Stuart G.W. & Laraia M.T., Principles and practice of psychiatric nursing. Missouri: 7th edition, Mosby. 2012.","Basavanthappa B.T. Nursing Research.1sted. New Delhi: Jaypee brother's medical publisher. 1998: pp. 110-111.","Polit D.F. & Hungler B.P. Nursing research principles and methods. 6thed.Philadelphia:J.B.Lippincott company. 2000.","Kathy Neeb. Fundamentals of Mental health nursing. Second edition, Library of congress catalonging publication."]}

Immunization is one of the most cost effective intervention to reduce burden of childhood mortality and morbidity provided used optimal and judiciously. Currently it is estimated that immunization save the lives of 3 million children a year but 2 million more lives could be saved by existing vaccines. Prevention of disease is one of the most important goals in child care, during infancy and childhood, preventive measures against certain infection diseases are available. In recent years relatively low immunization level in age group have occasioned scattered out breaks of certain diseases. For this reason nation effort is being made towards improving the immunization levels of all children. Transmitted in airborne droplets when infected people sneeze or cough, rubella is an acute, usually mild viral disease traditionally affecting susceptible children and young adult’s worldwide. Rubella infection just before conception and in early pregnancy may result in miscarriage, fetal death, or congenital defects known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), which is characterized by multiple defects, particularly to the brain, heart, eyes, and ears. The highest risk of CRS is found in countries with high rates of susceptibility to rubella among women of childbearing age, and worldwide an estimated 110,000 babies are born with CRS every year., {"references":["Hockenberry M & Wilson J. Wongs nursing care of infants and children. 8ed. New Delhi. 2009.","Ball W.J. & Binder R.C. Pediatric nursing care for children. 4ed New Delhi: Dorling Kindersley Pvt Ltd: 2009.","Thacker N. Immunization program in India needed a revamp. Journal of Indian Paediatrics. 2007.","Kllegman Behrman & Jenson Stanton. Nelson text book of paediatrics. 18th edition; 1(ed).","Manoj yadav. Child health nursing. 1ed. New Delhi: P.V. Publication. 2011.","Parul Datta. Paediatrics nursing. Second edition. Delhi: J.P. Brothers Medical Publishers. 2009.","Mayo. Clinic Diseases and conditions: rubella – prevention. 2011. [Accessed March 30, 2012]. Available from: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/rubella/DS00332/DSECTION=prevention. (Accessed).","Willey J., Sherwood L. & Woolverton C. Prescott's Microbiology. Human diseases caused by viruses and prions. 8th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2011.","Brooks G.F., Carroll K.C., Butel J.N., Morse S.A., Mietzer T.A. Jawetz Melnick & Adelberg. Medical Microbiology Rubella (German Measles) Virus. 26th ed. U.S.A: McGraw-Hill Lange Companies. 2013.","Hesketh L.M. To gavirus: Rubella. In: Greenwood D, Barer M, Slack R, Irving W, editors. Medical Microbiology, A guide to Medical Infections: Pathogenesis, Immunity, Laboratory Investigations and Control. 18th ed. Churchill, Livingstone: Churchill, Livingstone: Elsevier, Edinburgh: Churchill, Livingstone: Elsevier, Edinburgh. 2012."]}

Patients with diminished cardiovascular capacity and elderly are not able to adjust with the physiologic changes due to sudden burden to the heart which finally fails to require cardiac output. This results in increased morbidity and mortality. The WHO (World Health Organization) estimated that 17.3 million people died from Cardio Vascular Diseases (CVDs) all over the world. About 50% of deaths occur within one hour of the heart attack outside a hospital. Heart disease is on the rise and seen both among rich and poor. There has been a steady increase in incidence of heart diseases; both in India as well as in Karnataka which is currently 12%-13%. Nearly 25% of people who suffer heart attacks are below 40 years and middle-aged women. The researcher felt that there is a lack of knowledge regarding the complications of. Heart attack among cardiac patients and felt the needs to give awareness among cardiac patients. If the patients gain adequate knowledge about complications of heart attack which is the risk factors for cardiac disease and an exaggerating factor, they can prevent themselves from being a victim of heart attack and know how to manage and prevent when it is occurs. Therefore, the investigator felt a strong desire to assess the knowledge and attitude to provide information regarding complications on heart attack in cardiac patients., {"references":["Regents Prep: Living Environment: Homeostasis. Oswego city school District Regents Exam Prep Centre. 2011. Available From:http://www.regentsprep.org/regents/bio.","WHO. Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control. 20/09,2011. Available From :http://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/en/","Heartdiseaselifetips.com/cat/63925/contributingfactors.2016.AvailableFrom://www.heartdisease.lifetips.com.","Ross and Wilson.Textbook of Anatomy and Physiology in Health and illness. 2010,11th edition, published by Churchill Livingstone. 2010: pp. 78.","Joyce MB & Esther MJ. Medical and Surgical Nursing Clinical management For continuity of care. 5thedition.Philadelphia:W.B.","Dr. George Jacod. Heart info Centre. Heart attack (mayocardial infarction), 2013 available from:. http://holisticonline.com/Remedies/Heart/heart_attack_identifying.html"]}

Marriage preparation periods or workshops are an alternative way or supplementary methodology to educating engaged couples and newlyweds in the aids, habits, attitudes, and enrichment techniques that research shows lead to happy, long-term and enduring marriages. Such marriage preparation programs are called education and not therapy. The study involved singed group pre-test without a control group using pre-experimental design, with non probability purposive sampling. Knowledge questionnaire was administered to 40 students. Pre-test was conducted on first day then the structured teaching proramme was given in a classroom. Post-test was conducted after seven days using the same questionnaire. The results were described by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The collected data was analyses by descriptive and inferential statistics. The overall pre-test mean knowledge score was 32.81% followed by post-test 71.75% with mean enhancement of knowledge core of 35.5 % which is statistically significant. The paired ‘t’ test was computed and it was 11.57%which higher than table value and is significant at 5% and the overall pre-test mean attitude score was 51.75% followed by post-test 71% with mean enhancement of attitude score was 23.125 which was statistically significant. The paired‘t’ test was computed and it was which is higher than the table value and is significant at 5% level. Planned teaching programme was effective in increasing in knowledge and favorable attitude on premarital counseling. There was a significant association between knowledge scores with demographic variables like marital status and occupation of mother at 5% level and there was a non significant association between attitude scores with Age, Gender, and type of family and father’s occupation, mother occupation, place of residence, source of information, and marital status at 5% level. The findings of the study showed that there was a deficit in knowledge and attitude regarding premarital counseling. The Structured Teaching Programme was effective in improving the knowledge regarding premarital counseling., {"references":["Fincham Frank d. Marital conflict: correlates, structure, and context Psychology Dept University at buffalo, New York. [Internet]. [Cited on 2015 March 23]","Singh A.J., Shukl G.D., Verma B.L., Kumar A. & Srivastava R.N. Attitude of Indian Urban adults towards Premarital counseling. Indian J Public Health.1992 Apr-Jun; 36(2): pp.51-4","Loretta Ramella Lopez. Adolescents' attitude towards premarital counseling and Perceived sources of their attitudes. Archives of Psychiatry Nursing, October 1991; 5(5): pp. 271- 280.","Michelle r. Munson, Jerry E. Floersc & Lisa Townsend. Attitudes toward Premarital counseling Perceptions among Adolescents. In Psychology. 17(1): pp. 1-16, 20."]}

Craniotomy is the most common surgical treatment for various neurological disorders. It involves the greater morbidity related to a wide variety of complications. The major survivors return back with various physical, psychological, emotional, social and spiritual disabilities after a period of hospitalization and rehabilitation. According to American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, the expected outcomes of 400 supratentorial and infratentorial craniotomies were: major complications rate is 13%, operative mortality rate is 1.7%, overall morbidity is 32% and major neurologic morbidity is 8.5%. A study conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of self-instructional module on knowledge regarding care of patient with craniotomy among staff nurses working in neurological units at selected hospital, Bangalore. An evaluative approach and a pre experimental one group pre-test post-test design was adopted, Imogen King’s model was used as a conceptual framework for the study. A total of 50 staff nurses working in neurological units were selected by using non probability convenience sampling technique. Structured knowledge questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge in pre-test which was followed by implementation of self-instructional module. The post-test was conducted after 7 days using the same structured questionnaire to find out the effectiveness of self-instructional module. The results were described by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The overall findings of the study revealed that the SIM enable and empower staff nurses with adequate knowledge regarding care of patient with craniotomy. Thus the study concluded that SIM was significantly effective in improving the knowledge of staff nurses regarding care of patient with craniotomy, which in turn contribute to improve the patient’s outcome and total quality of patient’s life and well-being., {"references":["Chintamani. Lewis's medical-surgical nursing assessment and management of clinical problems. 1sted. New Delhi. Elsevier. 2011.p. 1454-57","Hinkle J.l. Cheever K H. Brunner and Suddarth's textbook of medical-surgical nursing. Volume 2. 13thed. New Delhi. Wolters Kluwer (India) Pvt Ltd. 2014. p. 1953-58.","Hickey J.V. The clinical practice of neurology and neurosurgical nursing. 6th ed. China. Wolters Kluwer. 2009. p. 308-27.","Clochesy J.M. Breu C. Cardin S. et.al. Critical care nursing. 1st ed. USA. W B Saunders Company. 1993. p. 785-93.","Russels R.C.G. Williams N.S. Bulster J.K. et. al. Bailey and love, s short practice of surgery. 24th ed. London. Edward Arnold (publishers) Ltd. 2004. p. 594-604."]}