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Diarrhea is one of the causes of death in toddlers, and one of the factors that causes diarrhea is MP-ASI. Based on the most significant proportion of diarrhea sufferers at the Baros Health Center in the last three months of October, November, and December 2021, 87 infants aged 0-12 months and 29 infants aged 12-24 months, respectively, and 31 infants aged 25-60 months. This research aims to determine the relationship between complementary feeding and the incidence of diarrhea in infants aged 3-12 months in the Baros Public Health Center, Sukabumi City, Indonesia. This research used a cross-sectional population, and the total sampling was 48 infants aged 3-12 months. The analysis of data used Chi-Square. The inappropriate provision of complementary feeding to infants aged 3-12 months, 26 respondents (54.2%), and the appropriate ones were 22 respondents (45.8 %), the incidence of diarrhea in infants aged 3-12 months who had diarrhea as many as 28 respondents (58.6%) and who did not have diarrhea as many as 20 respondents (41.7%). The result shows a relationship between giving complementary feeding to infants aged 3-12 months and the incidence of diarrhea with a value of 0.00 (

Kick-‘em-Jenny (KeJ)—the most active volcano in the Lesser Antilles and located about 8 km north of Grenada—is the only known, live submarine volcano in the region. Unrest and eruption episodes are approximately decadal. Typically, a KeJ episode, which may consist of several eruptions, is short-lived and rapidly returns to quiescence, with virtually no background seismicity. Although two previous eruptions broke the surface of the sea, and some have had seismic effects felt in northern Grenada and sometimes Martinique, instrumental recordings of T phases were considered to provide firm evidence of eruptions. T phases are hydroacoustic waves that propagate efficiently in the Sound Fixing and Ranging channel allowing long-range recording. The most recent episodes occurred on 29 April 2017 and 23, 24 July 2015, with no reported surface evidence. The 2015 hr-long seismic signals, among the longest durations ever recorded, manifested differences in the first phase arrivals at some of the same recording stations suggesting a fundamental difference in T-phase wave trains’ generation at KeJ. The single eruption in the 2017 volcanic episode had a duration similar to those prior to the 2015 eruptions; however, except for the four stations in the immediate vicinity of KeJ, the detected signals propagated only as T waves. Real-time and posteruption deductions that the episodes occurred from different cardinal directions on the volcano were found to be supported by the findings from bathymetric analyses done shortly after the episodes. This characteristic enhances the KeJ profile, possibly improving real-time activity assessments in future KeJ episodes, with a view to strengthening hazard and risk communication.

Background The growth and productivity of plants are largely dependent on the availability of various mineral nutrients, of which some are required at relatively higher concentrations and are termed as macronutrients, while others are required in low amounts and are termed as micronutrients. Both macro- and micro-nutrients are considered as essential elements as their deficiency can result in severe growth defects in plants. Moreover, some of the recent studies have highlighted the role of even non-essential elements in plants. Iodine is one such non-essential element that, at low concentrations, exhibits positive effects on plant growth. Scope In this review, we discuss the effects of iodine on plants including its uptake and transportation, and the current understanding of the pathways responsible for its functioning as a biostimulant. Moreover, we provide evidence that supports the role of iodine as a biostimulant of growth and stress responses in plants. Conclusion Iodine, in the range of 0.20 to 10 mu M, has been documented to regulate the (1) expression of various genes, and (2) activity and structure of various proteins by protein iodination to improve biomass production and defense responses in plants. Further, a growing body of evidence also suggests a role of iodine in the maintenance of ROS homeostasis in plants under normal as well as challenging environmental conditions.

Religious therapy is a coping strategy that can be used to deal with stress. When patients are first diagnosed with COVID-19 they may feel anxious, shocked and sad, especially when it is stated that they need to undergo isolation treatment; it can feel as if all hope and happiness has been lost. Religious coping can be used to create spiritual happiness and psychological happiness, and may help minimize or even eliminate anxiety and depression that occurs in patients undergoing isolation treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of religious therapy on the psychological condition of COVID-19 patients undergoing isolation in hospital. This research used a quasi-experimental design involving a control group. The sample included 34 respondents (17 in each group). In the intervention group, religious therapy was given by reciting dhikr sentences and prayers for the sick. The dependent t test was used to analyze the data. The findings showed a significant difference in the anxiety and depression scores before vs. after the patients were given the religious therapy intervention (p-value < 0.05 for both). Therefore, this study found that religious therapy can be effective in reducing anxiety and depression. The findings of this study could be used to provide an alternative recommendation in managing coping strategies to deal with stress among hospitalized patients. Keywords: anxiety, depression, religious therapy

Drought stress-induced crop loss has been considerably increased in recent years because of global warming and changing rainfall pattern. Natural drought-tolerant plants entail the recruitment of a variety of metabolites and low molecular weight proteins to negate the detrimental effects of drought stress. Dehydrin (DHN) proteins are one such class of proteins that accumulate in plants during drought and associated stress conditions. These proteins are highly hydrophilic and perform multifaceted roles in the protection of plant cells during drought stress conditions. Evidence gathered over the years suggests that DHN proteins impart drought stress tolerance by enhancing the water retention capacity, elevating chlorophyll content, maintaining photosynthetic machinery, activating ROS detoxification, and promoting the accumulation of compatible solutes, among others. Overexpression studies have indicated that these proteins can be effectively targeted to mitigate the negative effects of drought stress and for the development of drought stress-tolerant crops to feed the ever-growing population in the near future. In this review, we describe the mechanism of DHNs mediated drought stress tolerance in plants and their interaction with several phytohormones to provide an in-depth understanding of DHNs function.

Downy mildew of sunflower, caused by Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. et de Toni, is a relevant disease of this crop. High virulent pathotypes have been identified in several countries, while there are few data on the spread of P. halstedii pathotypes in some important sunflower-growing areas of Europe. The goal of this study was to give up-to-date information on the pathotype structure of P. halstedii in Hungary and provide some actual data on the virulence phenotype of the pathogen for six European countries. Infected leaves of different sunflower hybrids and volunteers were collected in seven countries (Hungary, Bulgaria, Serbia, Turkey, Greece, Romania, and Italy) between 2012 and 2019. A universally accepted nomenclature was used with a standardized set of sunflower differential lines for pathotype characterization of isolates. The virulence pattern of the isolates was determined by a three-digit code (coded virulence formula, CVF). A total of 109 P. halstedii isolates were characterized. As a result of our survey, 18 new P. halstedii pathotypes were identified in Europe. Two out of the eighteen pathotypes were detected from the Asian part of Turkey. The detailed distribution of pathotypes in Hungary is also discussed.

Downy mildew of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is caused by Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. et de Toni, leading to significant losses in crop production worldwide. The number of new and more aggressive pathotypes has increased rapidly over the last 10 years in Europe (Viranyi et al. 2015, Ban et al. 2018), therefore, constantly monitoring the distribution of races is an important task. As part of regular surveys in June 2019, severe downy mildew was identified in some regions, appearing as chlorotic lesions along the veins of the adaxial side and white sporulation on the abaxial side of the leaves of severely stunted hybrids containing PI6 and PI7 resistance genes. The identification of the pathogen was performed microscopically based on morphological characteristics (average size of sporangia: 28x20 µm). Disease incidence (the ratio of diseased plants) ranged between 10 and 30% per field in three regions and resulted in moderate yield loss. Isolates (defined as a lesion per leaf) were collected from 4 to 8 infected leaves of each hybrid by region and stored at -70°C. Two, one and one isolates of P. halstedii were selected and characterized from the southeastern (Bekes County), northern (Nograd County) and northeastern (Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen County) regions of Hungary, respectively. The pathotype of the four isolates was determined using the international standardized nomenclature method reviewed by Trojanova et al. (2017), including nine sunflower differential inbred lines (HA-304, RHA-265, RHA-274, PMI-3, PM-17, 803-1, HAR-4, QHP2 and HA-335). Zoosporangia from frozen sunflower leaves were washed off into bidistilled water and the concentration was adjusted to 3.5x104 sporangia/ml using a hemocytometer. Three-day-old seedlings with a radical of 1 to 1.5 cm long were immersed in the sporangial suspension and kept at 16°C overnight (Cohen and Sackston 1973). Inoculated seedlings were planted into trays containing clear moistened perlite (d = 4 mm) and grown in a growth chamber with a photoperiod of 12 h. The experiment was carried out twice with each isolate using 15 seeds/differential line with two replicates. Bidistilled water was sprayed on the plants 9 days after inoculation, and then trays were covered with a black polyethylene bag and maintained at 19°C overnight to induce sporulation. The first disease assessment was done based on cotyledons bearing white sporulation. Next, a second evaluation was performed 21 days after inoculation assessing stunting of the plants, chlorotic lesions on true leaves and damping-off. All 4 isolates examined caused disease on differential lines HA-304, RHA-265, RHA-274, PMI-3, PM-17 and HA-335, whereas the other lines showed no symptoms and signs of sunflower downy mildew. As a result, it was concluded that the presence of P. halstedii pathotype 734 was confirmed. This pathotype is likely widespread in Hungary as it could be detected from three different regions. Moreover, the possibility that pathotype 734 is present in Hungary has been raised before (Iwebor et al. 2018). This pathotype is already widespread in the USA and Russia and is considered to be highly aggressive, since it was able to infect hybrids with resistance genes PI6 and PI7 (Iwebor et al. 2018, Spring 2019). To our knowledge, this is the first report of pathotype 734 of P. halstedii in Hungary and Central Europe. Continuous monitoring and incorporation of new resistance genes into sunflower hybrids are essential steps in the future to control P. halstedii.

Salinity stress is one of the major threats to agricultural productivity across the globe. Research in the past three decades, therefore, has focused on analyzing the effects of salinity stress on the plants. Evidence gathered over the years supports the role of ethylene as a key regulator of salinity stress tolerance in plants. This gaseous plant hormone regulates many vital cellular processes starting from seed germination to photosynthesis for maintaining the plants’ growth and yield under salinity stress. Ethylene modulates salinity stress responses largely via maintaining the homeostasis of Na+/K+, nutrients, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inducing antioxidant defense in addition to elevating the assimilation of nitrates and sulfates. Moreover, a cross-talk of ethylene signaling with other phytohormones has also been observed, which collectively regulate the salinity stress responses in plants. The present review provides a comprehensive update on the prospects of ethylene signaling and its cross-talk with other phytohormones to regulate salinity stress tolerance in plants.

Two neem-derived pesticides were examined under in vitro and in vivo conditions to test their efficacy in controlling Plasmopara halstedii pathotype 704, a causal agent of downy mildew in sunflower. All the tested concentrations of neem leaf extract and the highest concentration of commercial neem product significantly reduced the sporangial germination under in vitro conditions. In in vivo experiment, 3-days old pre-treated seedlings with both concentrations of neem leaf extract and the highest concentration of commercial product showed a significant reduction in the infection indicating possible systemic effect of neem. When the seedlings were treated following the infection with P. halstedii (i.e., post-treatment), only the highest concentrations of neem leaf extract and the commercial product showed a significant reduction in the infection indicating curative effect of neem. Possibilities for the control of P. halstedii with neem-derived pesticides are discussed.

The information on status and distribution of small and rare animals are always necessary for designing, implementation and evaluation of conservation measures was the reason behind origin of this study on the Indian Giant Flying squirrel. Since available information is small and scattered, an attempt was made to collect information from the peoples who are directly or indirectly related with wildlife / forest services. To go ahead with our research on this species, we prepared a structured questionnaire and sent to the individuals through an online survey tool, to whom we know and further the same were also posted on social website for voluntary participation. We have set the time duration of the survey and at the end we received a total of 66 responses from a diverse group of individuals; most of them belong to Gujarat. Responses were analyzed to reach a conclusion that the flying squirrel population has declined from the past few decades.

In computer graphics, there are many surface detection algorithms. When we view a picture containing non-transparent objects and surfaces, then we cannot see those objects from view which is behind from objects closer to eye. We must remove these hidden surfaces to get a realistic screen image. The identification and removal of these surfaces is called Hidden-surface problem. In this paper I review some visible surface detection algorithms like Z buffer method, Area subdivision method, Scan line method etc.

A study of organic, integrated and inorganic plant nutrient management systems was conducted to determine the effect of management practices on soil microbiological properties after 10 years of continuous application. The rate of C mineralization and potentially mineralizable nitrogen were 6.8 and 41.5 mg/kg soil, respectively. Arginine ammonification and nitrification activities were 0.88 µg NH4+- N/g soil/h and 56.0 µg NO3--N/g/day, respectively. Microbial biomass C, N and P were 320, 40 and 12 mg/kg soil, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase, urease and cellulase activities were highest with application of VC@15t /ha.

Cloud computing is a paradigm shift in the way we define software and hardware, and architect our IT solutions. The emerging cloud technologies, due to their various unique and attractive properties, are evolving with tremendous momentum and rapidly being adopted throughout the IT industry. In this dissertation, we identify security challenges that arise in integration of cloud-based services, and present a set of novel solutions to address them. We analyze the security of our solutions, demonstrate their usage and effectiveness, and evaluate their performance by extensive experimentation. To address the problem of security in untrusted cloud storage, we introduce a hybrid solution of AES and file encryption. The key used in AES algorithm is generated randomly from the file's data which is sent by the cloud provider. After implementing the proposed methodology, we have seen an improvement in the processing time and cost which will increase the overall efficiency of the system.Â

Cloud computing is a broad solution that delivers IT as a service. Cloud computing uses the internet and the central remote servers to support different data and applications. It is an internet based technology. It permits the users to approach their personal files at any computer with internet access. The cloud computing flexibility is a function of the allocation of resources on authoritys request. It represents all the complexities of the network which may include everything from cables, routers, servers, data centers and all such other devices. Cloud based systems saves data off multiple organizations on shared hardware systems. In this paper the attempt to secure data from unauthorized access. The Method of data security is AES algorithm for providing data security by encrypting the given data based on the AES. It is based on a design principle known as a substitution-permutation network, and is fast in both Software and Hardware. The algorithms used in AES are so simple that they can be easily implemented using heap processors and a minimum amount of memory and this data then can only be decrypted by authorized person by using his private key.

Despite recent developments in combinatorial chemistry and related techniques for facilitating drug discovery and development, natural products continue to play a prominent and evolving role for the development of new therapeutic agents. Pyrrole containing natural products constitute an integral part of this strategy. The structure and reactivity of pyrrole along with its propensity to polymerize renders it a relative speciality and certainly not something for the faint of heart. Besides, the well known tetrapyrrolic “Pigments of life,” other fascinating natural products incorporating multiple copies of the pyrrole ring system are attracting the attention of organic medicinal chemists and must be acknowledged.

Fenugreek or Methi is a well known leguminous crop. It is a plant of immense importance due to various medicinal properties. It comprises many bioactive compounds which are used in pharmaceuticals and nutraceutical industries. It included in diet as a vegetable with its leaves and as a spice with seeds. Present study aims at the estimation of micronutrients such as, copper, iron, magnesium and zinc in seeds of different varieties of fenugreek by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results of present study revealed that there are significant variations in micronutrient content among the varieties. Iron and magnesium contect was comparatively higher in GM-2(2.97±0.14 mg/g and 17.68 ±0.15 mg/g, respectively) than the others, copper was highest in RMT-351 10.13± 0.18 and zinc 2.85±0.16 in RMT -303.

In present investigation of anionic (fluoride, chloride, bromide, phosphate and sulphate) change in surface and ground water due to industrial effluents by ion chromatography technique has been determined in area of Jammu using Ion-chromatograph (IC-850).Surface and ground water samples were taken before and after discharge of industrial effluents. All required standards for calibration and all the samples (water as well as industrial effluents) have been prepared by using ultra pure water obtained from M Millipore. Both the peak height (PH) and peak area (PA) were used to assess the IC signals. All the peaks for anions were clear with good resolution and there were no interactions between them. The total time for anion analysis was recorded to be about 28 minutes .Anions like fluoride exhibited drastic change in concentration in surface and ground water samples taken after discharge of industrial effluents.